Submarine Warfare in The 20 & 21 Centuries: A Bibliography: TH ST

Submarine Warfare in the
th st
20 & 21 Centuries:
A Bibliography
Compiled by
Michaele Lee Huygen
Dudley Knox Library

Naval Postgraduate School
December 2003
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Submarine Warfare in the
20th & 21st Centuries:
A Bibliography
Compiled by
Michaele Lee Huygen
Dudley Knox Library

Naval Postgraduate School
December 2003
1
INTRODUCTION
There are constant motions in the sea caused by atmospheric and seabed
activities, volcanic disruptions, marine animals, ships, and submarines --
all of which create what is called the ambient noise level of the oceans.
Today acoustics is the basis of both submarine and antisubmarine

warfare: the single most significant element upon which all undersea
warfare activity depends. When the submarine was first developed, its
security lay beneath the surface of the ocean where it would not be seen.
Today its security lies in its ability to avoid being heard.
-- Thomas S. Burns. The secret war for the ocean depths: Soviet-
American rivalry for mastery of the seas. 1st ed. New York: Rawson
Associates Publishers, c1978. p. 66, 68.
This bibliography is a revised and expanded version of Submarine Warfare in the 20th
Century, 2002. It is a selected bibliography listing books, periodical articles, and web
sites related to submarine and antisubmarine warfare in the 20th century. Some entries
have brief annotations taken directly from library cataloger's notes. To ensure a
compact citation format, the series statement(s), when present, are in parentheses
following the publisher statement and before the pagination. The letters "NPS/DKL,"
followed by location and call number information, identify the books held by the Naval
Postgraduate School’s Dudley Knox Library. Many of the journal articles are also
accessible in the Dudley Knox Library. Consult with the Reference or Interlibrary Loan
Department of your local library for advice on obtaining materials of interest to you.
This Bibliography will also available online at

http://library.nps.navy.mil/home/bibs/submarine/
December 2003
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
BOOKS & TECHNICAL REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY / WARFARE . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 6
GENERAL 6 -- WWI
-- AMERICAN 11 -- GENERAL 25
-- AUSTRALIAN 14 -- AMERICAN 27
-- AUSTRIAN 15 -- AUSTRALIAN 27
-- BRAZILIAN 15 -- AUSTRIAN 28
-- BRITISH 15 -- BRITISH 28
-- CANADIAN 17 -- GERMAN 30
-- CHINESE 17 -- ITALIAN 30
-- FRENCH 18 -- WWII
-- GERMAN 19 -- GENERAL 31
-- INDIAN 20 -- AMERICAN 33
-- IRANIAN 21 -- AUSTRALIAN 33
-- ITALIAN 21 -- BRITISH 33
-- JAPANESE 22 -- GERMAN 35
-- KOREAN 22 -- ITALIAN 38
-- NEW ZEALAND 23 -- JAPANESE 38
-- NORWEGIAN 23 -- POLISH 39
-- POLISH 23 -- RUSSIAN/SOVIET 40
-- RUSSIAN/SOVIET 23
-- SWEDISH 25
-- TURKISH 25
SPECIAL TOPICS
-- ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW)
-- GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
-- WWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
-- WWII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
-- NPS THESES & TECHNICAL REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . 44
-- OTHER THESES & TECHNICAL REPORTS . . . . . . . . . 95
-- CONFERENCES ON LIMITATION OF ARMAMENT
-- WASHINGTON (1921-1922) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
-- LONDON NAVAL CONFERENCE. (1930) . . . . . . . . . . . 120
-- CONVOYS
-- GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
-- WWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
-- WWII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
-- ARCTIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
-- ATLANTIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
-- MALTA/MEDITERRANEAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3
-- PACIFIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
-- FALKLAND ISLANDS WAR, 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
-- JUTLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
-- MIDGET SUBMARINES, KAITEN & FROGMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
-- Q-SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
SUBMARINES
-- GENERAL 147 -- JAPANESE
-- BIBLIOGRAPHIES 155 -- GENERAL 256
-- FICTION 155 -- WWI 257
-- NUCLEAR 160 -- WWII 257
-- WWI 165 -- KOREAN 261
-- WWII 166 -- PERUVIAN 262
-- AMERICAN -- POLISH – WWII 262
-- GENERAL 169 -- RUSSIAN/SOVIET
-- KOREAN WAR 179 – GENERAL 262
-- NUCLEAR 180 -- NUCLEAR 270
-- PERSIAN GULF WAR 185 -- SWEDISH 274
-- WWI 186 -- TURKISH 275
-- WWII 187 -- YUGOSLAV 275
-- AUSTRALIAN
– GENERAL 197
-- WWI 197
-- AUSTRIAN 198
-- BRAZILIAN 198
-- BRITISH
-- GENERAL 198
-- WWI 200
-- WWII 204
-- CANADIAN 208
-- CHINESE 209
-- DANISH 209
-- DUTCH 209
-- FRENCH 209
-- GERMAN
-- GENERAL 211
-- WWI 214
-- WWII 223
-- GREEK 255
-- INDIAN 255
-- ISRAELI 255
-- ITALIAN
-- GENERAL 255
-- WWI 255
-- WWII 256
4
PERIODICAL ARTICLES
SUBMARINES – GENERAL 276
SUBMARINES BY COUNTRY
ARGENTINA 329 IRANIAN 340
AUSTRALIAN 329 ISRAELI 341
AUSTRIAN 331 ITALIAN 342
BRITISH 332 JAPANESE 342
CANADIAN 332 KOREAN 342
CHINESE 333 MALAYSIAN 343
DUTCH 333 PAKISTANI 344
EGYPTIAN 334 POLISH 344
FRENCH 334 RUSSIAN/SOVIET 344
GERMAN 334 SINGAPORE 347
GREEK 339 SOUTH AFRICAN 347
INDIAN 339 SWEDISH 347
INDONESIAN 340 TAIWANESE 348
TURKISH 348
ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) 349
SUBMARINE CHASERS AND PATROL BOATS 368
SUBMARINE WEBSITES
GENERAL 370
BY COUNTRY
AMERICAN 370 GERMAN 371
AUSTRALIAN 370 ITALIAN 372
BRITISH 371 JAPANESE 372
CANADIAN 371 POLISH 372
DUTCH 371 SINGAPORE 372
FRENCH 371 TURKISH 372
MIDGET SUBMARINES 372
WWII SUBMARINE HISTORY 372
WWII SUBMARINE STATISTICS 373
5
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL
Balano, Randy Carol and Craig L. Symonds, eds. New interpretations in naval history:
selected papers from the Fourteenth Naval History Symposium, held at Annapolis,
Maryland, 23-25 September 1999. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2001. 430 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V47 .U55 2001
Black, Jeremy, ed. European warfare, 1815-2000. New York: Palgrave, c2002.
(Problems in focus series). 247 p.
Contents: Europe's way of war, 1815-1864 / Dennis Showalter -- European warfare,
1864-1914 / Jeremy Black -- The First World War / Spencer Tucker -- The European
civil war: Reds versus Whites in Russia and Spain, 1917-1939 / Francisco J. Romero
Salvadó -- The Second World War / S.P. MacKenzie -- Colonial wars / Bruce
Vandervort -- Naval power and warfare / Lawrence Sondhaus -- The transformation of
war in Europe, 1945-2000 / Warren Chin.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D361 .E97 2001
Cable, James. Diplomacia de cañoneras: empleo político de fuerzas navales

limitadas [traducción, Benjamín Oscar Cosentino y Mariette D. de Cosentino].
Buenos Aires, República Argentina: Instituto de Publicaciones Navales, Centro Naval,
c1977. (Ediciones del Instituto de Publicaciones Navales. Colección Relaciones
internacionales; 5o libro). 200 p.
Spanish translation of Gunboat diplomacy.
________. Gunboat diplomacy 1919-1979: political applications of limited naval

force. 2d ed. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, c1981. (International Institute for
Strategic Studies. Studies in international security; 16). 288 p.
Originally published: London, Chatto and Windus for the Institute for Strategic Studies;
New York ,Praeger for the Institute for Strategic Studies, 1971, as Gunboat diplomacy;
political applications of limited naval force.
NPS/DKL Location: RESERVE V25 .C22
________. Gunboat diplomacy 1919-1991: political applications of limited naval

force. 3rd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, c1994. 246 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V25 .C327 1994
________. Navies in violent peace. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. 155 p.
________. The political influence of naval force in history. New York: St. Martin's
Press; London: Macmillan, 1998. 213 p.
Cline, Ray S. and William M. Carpenter, eds. Report of the Seventh International
Conference on the Security of Sea Lines of Communication in the Western Pacific
and Indian Oceans (7th: 1990: Airlie House) Warrenton, Virginia, May 7-10, 1990 /
6
[sponsored by] United States Global Strategy Council, SRI International. Washington,
DC: The Council, 1991. 236 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL HE327 .I54 1990
Collins, John M. American and Soviet military trends since the Cuban missile
crisis. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown
University; [New Brunswick, NJ: Distributed by Transaction Books c1978. 496 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL UA23 .C645
Cowman, Ian. Dominion or decline: Anglo-American naval relations on the Pacific,

1937-1941. Oxford, UK; Washington, DC: Berg Publishers, 1996. 327 p.
Collier, Basil. The lion and the eagle; British and Anglo-American strategy, 1900-
1950. New York, Putnam, [1972]. 499 p.
Originally published: London: Macdonald and Co., 1972.
Diwald, Hellmut. Die Erben Poseidons: Seemachtpolitik im 20. Jahrhundert. 1. Aufl.

München: Droemer-Knaur, c1984. 511 p.
Dunaway, William Michael. Gunboat diplomacy in a new world order: strategic

considerations for U.S. naval intervention in the twenty-first century. Springfield,
VA: Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1991. (ADA256442). 1
v.
Thesis (M.A. in International Relations), The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy,
April 1991.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS D78873
Duppler, Jörg and Werner Rahn. Seemacht und Seestrategie im 19. und 20.
Jahrhundert. Hamburg; Berlin; Bonn: Mittler, 1999. (Vorträge zur Militärgeschichte;
Bd. 18). 282 p.
Ellinger, Werner B. & Herbert Rosinski. Sea power in the Pacific, 1936-1941: a
selected bibliography of books, periodical articles, and maps from the end of the
London naval conference to the beginning of the war in the Pacific. London: H.
Milford, Oxford university press, 1942. 80 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY V27 .A2
Gartner, Scott Sigmund. Strategic Assessment in War. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ.
Press, 1997. 177 p.
George, James L. History of warships: from ancient times to the twenty-first

century. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1998. 353 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V750 .G46 1998
Hough, Richard Alexander. Naval battles of the twentieth century. Woodstock, NY:
Overlook Press, 2001. 304 p.
7
Originally published: London: Constable and Co., 1999.
Ireland, Bernard. War at sea, 1914-45. London: Cassell Military, 2002. 224 p.
________. Collins/Jane's warships of World War II. Glasgow: HarperCollins

Publishers, 1996. (Collins/Jane's gems series). 255 p.
________. Jane's naval history of World War II. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers,
c1998. 256 p.
________ and Eric Grove. Jane's war at sea, 1897-1997: 100 years of Jane's
fighting ships. Centennial ed. New York; London: HarperCollins, c1997. 256 p.
________ and ________. 100 Jahre Krieg zur See: die Chronik [übertr. von Wolfram
Schürer, Bearb. Helma und Wolfram Schürer]. 1. Aufl. Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verl.,
1999. 256 p.
German translation of Jane's war at sea 1897-1997.
Jordan, Gerald, ed. Naval warfare in the twentieth century, 1900-1945: essays in
honour of Arthur Marder. London: Croom Helm; New York: Crane Russak, c1977. 243
p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DA89 .N32
Keegan, John. The price of admiralty: the evolution of naval warfare. New York, NY,
USA: Penguin, 1990, c1988. 353 p.
Originally published: London: Hutchinson, c1988.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V53 .K44 1990
________. The price of admiralty: the evolution of naval warfare. New York: Viking,
1989. 292 p.
Kemp, Paul. Sea warfare. London: Arms and Armour Press; New York: Distributed in
the USA by Sterling Pub. Co., 1998. (The Encyclopedia of 20th century conflict). 320 p.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE V53 .K456 1998
Kennedy, Paul M., ed. The War plans of the great powers, 1880-1914. Pbk. ed.
Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1985. 282 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D511 .W33 1985
Kim, Duk-ki. Naval strategy in Northeast Asia: geo-strategic goals, policies, and
prospects. Portland, OR: Frank Cass, c2000. (Cass series--naval policy and history,
8). 261 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA620 .K55 2000
8
Kitamura, Kenichi. Ima naze shi ren boei ka: Higashi Ajia Nishi Taiheiyo no
chiseigakuteki senryakuteki bunseki. Shohan. Tokyo: Shingaku Shuppan:
Hatsubaimoto Seiunsha, Showa 63 [1988]. 140 p.
Library of Congress. Foreign Affairs Division. Means of measuring naval power with
special reference to U.S. and Soviet activities in the Indian Ocean; prepared for
the Subcommittee on the Near East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign
Affairs. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1974. 16 p.
Committee print. 93d Congress, 2d session.
Lutz, Dieter S., Erwin Müller, Andreas Pott. Seemacht und Sicherheit: Beitr. zur
Diskussion maritimer Rüstung u. Rüstungskontrolle. 1. Aufl. Baden-Baden:
Nomos-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1986. (Militär, Rüstung, Sicherheit; Bd. 28). 213 p.
Macintyre, Donald G. F. W. Sea power in the Pacific; a history from the sixteenth
century to the present day. New York, Crane, Russak ,[1972]. 281 p.
Originally published: London, A. Barker, [1972].
McKee, Alexander. Against the odds: battles at sea, 1591-1949. Annapolis, MD:
Naval Institute Press, c1991. 272 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D215 .M35 1991
Miller, David and Chris Miller. Modern naval combat. London; New York: Salamander
Books, c1986. 208 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V53 .M553 1986
Modelski, George and William R. Thompson. Seapower in global politics, 1494-1993.

Seattle: University of Washington Press, c1988. 380 p.
Originally published: Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press, 1988.
Moineville, Hubert. La guerre navale: réflexions sur les affrontements navals et leur
avenir. Paris Presses universitaires de France, c1982. (Perspectives internationales).
199 p.
________. Naval warfare today and tomorrow [translation and picture captions by
P.R. Compton-Hall]. Oxford, England: B. Blackwell, 1983. 141 p.
English translation of: La guerre navale.
Murfett, Malcolm H. Fool-proof relations: the search for Anglo-American naval

cooperation during the Chamberlain years, 1937-1940. Singapore: Singapore
University Press: National University of Singapore, c1984. 324 p.
Murray, Williamson, and Allan R. Millett, eds. Military Innovation in the Interwar
Period. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996. 415 p.
9
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL U42 .M556 1996
O'Brien, Phillips Payson. British and American naval power: politics and policy,
1900-1936. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998. (Praeger studies in diplomacy and strategic
thought). 274 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL E183.8.G7 O37 1998
________, ed. Technology and naval combat in the twentieth century and beyond.
Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2001. (Cass series--naval policy and history; 13). 272 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V53 .T43 2001
Polmar, Norman et al. Chronology of the Cold War at sea, 1945-1991. Annapolis, MD:
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D842.3 .C48 1998
Reynolds, Clark G. History and the sea: essays on maritime strategies. Columbia,
SC: University of South Carolina Press, c1989. 232 p.
Roskill, Stephen Wentworth. Naval policy between the wars. New York, Walker
[c1968-76]. 2 v.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D436 .R7
Spector, Ronald H. At war, at sea: sailors and naval warfare in the twentieth
century. New York, NY: Viking, 2001. 463 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V53 .S66 2001
Till, Geoffrey. Maritime strategy and the nuclear age. New York: St. Martin's Press,
1982. 274 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V163 .T56
Till, Geoffrey. Maritime strategy and the nuclear age. 2nd ed. New York: St.
Martin's Press, c1984. 295 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V163 .T56 1984
Tucker, Spencer, et al., eds. Naval warfare: an international encyclopedia. Santa

Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, c2002. 3 v.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE V23 .N32 2002
United States Naval Institute. Combat fleets of the world. [Annapolis, MD: United
States Naval Institute], 1976-1989. v.
Continued by: Naval Institute guide to combat fleets of the world.
VA40 .C8
________. The Naval Institute guide to combat fleets of the world. Annapolis, MD:
Naval Institute Press, c1990-. v.
Continues: Combat fleets of the world
10
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE VA40 .C8
Willmott, H. P. Sea warfare: weapons, tactics and strategy. Strettington, Chichester:

A. Bird, 1981. 165 p.
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Zhai, Qiang. The dragon, the lion & the eagle: Chinese-British-American relations,
1949-1958. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, c1994. (American diplomatic
history). 284 p.
Revision of thesis (Ph.D.) -- Ohio University, 1991.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL E183.8.C5 Z42 1994
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- AMERICAN

Baer, George W. One hundred years of sea power: the U.S. Navy, 1890-1990.
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994. 553 p.
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Breemer, Jan S. U.S. naval developments. Annapolis, MD: Nautical & Aviation Pub.
Co., 1983. 194 p.
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Davis, Jacquelyn K., Michael J. Sweeney, Charles M. Perry. The submarine and U.S.
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Dorwart, Jeffery M. Conflict of duty: the U.S. Navy's intelligence dilemma, 1919-
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VB231 .U54 D667 1983
Duncan, Francis. Rickover: the struggle for excellence. Annapolis, MD: Naval
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V63.R63 D86 2001
Friedman, Norman. The US maritime strategy. London; New York: Jane's, 1988. 246
p.
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George, James L. The U.S. Navy in the 1990s: alternatives for action. Annapolis,
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Goure, Daniel, ed. The role of sea power in U.S. national security in the twenty-first
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11
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Harris, Brayton. The Navy times book of submarines: a political, social, and military
history. 1st ed. New York: Berkley Books, 1997. 398 p.
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Hattendorf, John B., ed. Naval policy and strategy in the Mediterranean: past,
present, and future. London; Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2000. (Cass series--naval
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Hooper, Edwin Bickford. United States naval power in a changing world. New York:
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Isenberg, Michael T. Shield of the Republic: the United States Navy in an era of
Cold War and violent peace. 1st ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993- . v.
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the professional status quo." p. 111-138.
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Merrill, John, and Lionel D. Wyld. Meeting the Submarine Challenge: A Short History
of the Naval Underwater Systems Center. U.S. Gov't. Print. Office, 1997. 329 p.
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Miller, Edward S. War Plan Orange: the U.S. strategy to defeat Japan, 1897-1945.
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by the U.S. G.P.O., Superintendent of Documents, 1996. (Contributions to naval history;
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Naval Studies Board and National Research Council. Technology for the United States
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Electronic access: http://www.nap.edu/html/tech_21st/tfnf.htm
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13
Sheehy, Edward John. The U.S. Navy, the Mediterranean, and the cold war, 1945-
1947. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1992. (Contributions in military studies; no.
126). 191 p.
Tuleja, Thaddeus V. Statesmen and admirals; quest for a Far Eastern naval policy.
[1st ed.]. New York, Norton, [1963]. 256 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL E746 .T9
Uhlig, Frank, Jr. How navies fight: the U.S. Navy and its allies. Annapolis, MD: Naval
Institute Press, c1994. 455 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA58 V103 .U37 1994
Utz, Curtis A. Cordon of steel: the U.S. Navy and the Cuban missile crisis.
Washington: Naval Historical Center, Dept. of the Navy: For sale by the Supt. of Docs,
U.S. G.P.O., 1993. (The U.S. Navy in the modern world series; no. 1). 48 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA58 E841 .U89 1993
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL --AUSTRALIAN
Bruce, Robert H., ed. Australia and the Indian Ocean: strategic dimensions of
increasing naval involvement. Perth, Australia: Centre for Indian Ocean Regional
Studies, Curtin University of Technology, 1988. (Studies in Indian Ocean maritime affairs;
no. 1). 138 p.
McCaffrie, Jack and Alan Hinge, eds. Sea power in the new century: maritime
operations in Asia-Pacific beyond 2000. [Canberra, ACT]: Australian Defence Studies
Centre, c1998. 225 p.
Stevens, David. The Impact of the submarine threat on Australia's maritime

defence 1915-1954. [Canberra, ACT]: Australian Defence Force Academy, 2000. 1 v.
Thesis (Ph.D.), Australian Defence Force Academy, School of History, 2000.
________. Maritime power in the 20th century: the Australian experience. St.
Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1998. 329 p.
________. U-boat far from home: the epic voyage of U 862 to Australia and New
Zealand. St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1997. 282 p.
________ and John Reeve, eds. Southern trident: strategy, history, and the rise of
Australian naval power. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, 2001. 363 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL UA870 .S68 2001
Wilson, David, ed. Maritime war in the 21st century: the medium and small navy
perspective. Jervis Bay, N.S.W.: RAN Sea Power Centre, c2001. (Papers in
australian maritime affairs, no. 8). 298 p.
14
Papers from "Maritime War 21" conference.
Wilson, David and Richard John Sherwood, eds. Oceans governance and maritime
strategy. St. Leonards, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, 2000. 244 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- AUSTRIAN
Vego, Milan N. Austro-Hungarian naval policy, 1904-14. London; Portland, OR: Frank
Cass, 1996. 213 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA473 .V54 1996
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- BRAZILIAN
Bonturi, Orlando. Brazil and the vital South Atlantic. Washington, DC: National
Defense University: Supt. Of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. [distributor], 1988. 96 p.
Brazil. Marinha. Poder naval. [Brazil]: Marinha do Brasil, [between 1983 and 1986]. 54
p.
Vianna Filho, Arlindo. Estratégia naval brasileira: abordagem à história da

evolução dos conceitos estratégicos navais brasileiros. Rio de Janeiro: Biblioteca
do Exército Editora, 1995. 170 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- BRITISH
Alch, Mark Lee. Germany's naval resurgence, British appeasement, and the Anglo-
German Naval Agreement of 1935. UCLA, 1977. 2 v.
Thesis (Ph.D.), UCLA, 1977.
Arthur, Max. The Navy: 1939 to the present day. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1997.
416 p.
Bell, Christopher M. The Royal Navy, seapower and strategy between the wars.
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000. 232 p.
Cable, James. Britain's naval future. London: Macmillan, 1983. 220 p.
Dolby, James. The steel Navy: a history in silhouette 1860-1962. London:

Macdonald, 1962. 168 p.
15
Domville-Fife, Charles William, ed. Evolution of sea power: studies of modern naval
warfare and the effect of evolution on the basis and employment of sea power.
London: Rich & Cowan, ltd., [1939]. 258 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY V103 .D6
Garbutt, Paul Elford. Naval challenge, 1945-1961; the story of Britain's post-war
fleet. London, Macdonald, [1961]. 119 p.
Gordon, Gilbert Andrew Hugh. British seapower and procurement between the wars:
a reappraisal of rearmament. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1988. 321 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VC265.G7 G67 1988
Kemp, Peter Kemp, ed. History of the Royal Navy. [1st American ed.]. New York,
Putnam [1969]. 304 p.
Originally published: London: Barker, 1969.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA454 .K3
Kennedy, Paul M. Aufstieg und Verfall der britischen Seemacht [Übertr. aus dem
Engl. von Hans und Hanne Meckel]. 1. Aufl. Herford; Bonn: Mittler, c1978. 448 p.
German translation of The rise and fall of British naval mastery.
________. The rise and fall of British naval mastery. New York: Scribner, c1976.
405 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DA85 .K3
Lambert, Nicholas. Sir John Fisher's Naval Revolution. Columbia: Univ. of South
Carolina Press, 1999. 364 p.
Morris, Jan. Fisher's face, or, Getting to know the admiral. 1st American ed. New
York: Random House, c1995. 300 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY CT6.I74 M67 1995
Murfett, Malcolm H., ed. From Fisher to Mountbatten. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995.
313 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL CT32 .F57 1995
________. In jeopardy: the Royal Navy and British Far Eastern defence policy,
1945-1951. Kuala Lumpur; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. (South-East Asian
historical monographs). 178 p.
Preston, Antony. Dreadnought to nuclear submarine. London: H.M. Stationery Off.;

[Palo Alto, CA: obtainable in the United States from Pendragon House], 1980. (The Ship;
9). 60 p.
16
________, ed. History of the Royal Navy in the 20th century. Novato, CA: Presidio,
c1987. 224 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FOLIO VA454 .H53 1987
Rasor, Eugene L. British naval history since 1815: a guide to the literature. New
York: Garland Pub., 1990. (Military history bibliographies; vol. 13); (Garland reference
library of the humanities; vol. 1069). 841 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DA70 .R37 1990
Roskill, Stephen Wentworth. The strategy of sea power; its development and
application. London, Collins, 1962. 287 p.
Based on the Lees-Knowles lectures delivered in the University of Cambridge, 1961.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V163 .R7
Van der Vat, Dan. Standard of power: the Royal Navy in the twentieth century.
London: Hutchinson, 2000. 460 p.
Warner, Oliver. Cunningham of Hyndhope, Admiral of the Fleet: a memoir. London,

Murray, [1967]. 301 p.
American ed. (Athens, Ohio University Press) entitled: Admiral of the Fleet: Cunningham
of Hyndhope.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DA89 .W2
Wettern, Desmond. The decline of British seapower. London: Jane's; Boston, MA:
Distributed by Science Books International, 1982. 452 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA454 .W43 1982
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE – GENERAL -- CANADIAN
Haydon, Peter T. and Ann L. Griffiths, eds. Canada's Pacific naval presence:
purposeful or peripheral. Halifax, N.S.: Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie.
Univ.: Maritime Affairs, [1999]. 181 p.
Sarty, Roger F. The maritime defence of Canada. [Toronto]: Canadian Institute of

Strategic Studies, c1996. 223 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- CHINESE
Austin, Greg. China's ocean frontier: international law, military force, and national
development. St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin in association with the Dept.
of International Relations and the Northeast Asia Program, Research School of Pacific
and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 1998. (Studies in
world affairs; 17). 415 p.
17
Breyer, Siegfried and Jürg Meister. Die Marine der Volksrepublik China. München:
Bernard & Graefe, c1982. 343 p.
Cao, Baojian and Guo Fuwen. Mian dui Taiping yang di chen si: hai yang yi shi yu
guo fang. Di 1 ban. [Peking]: Guo fang da xue chu ban she: Beijing shi xin hua shu dian
jing xiao, 1989. (Guo fang jiao yu cong shu). 293 p.
Cole, Bernard D.. The great wall at sea: China's Navy enters the 21st century.
Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2001. 288 p.
Hiramatsu, Shigeo. Chugoku no Kaiyo senryaku. Dai 1-han. Tokyo Keiso Shobo,
1993. 189 p.
Huang, Alexander Chieh-cheng. Chinese maritime modernization and its security

implications: the Deng Xiaoping era & beyond. Washington, DC: George
Washington University, 1994. 2 v.
Thesis (Ph.D.), George Washington University, 1994.
Kane, Thomas M. Chinese grand strategy and maritime power. London; Portland,
OR: Frank Cass, 2002. (Naval policy and history; 16). 158 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA633 .K36 2002
Kondapalli, Srikanth. China's naval power. New Delhi: Knowledge World in association
with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 2001. 252 p.
Cover title: Zhong guo hai jun li liang/Chung-kuo hai chün li liang
Stepanov, E. D. Ekspansiia Kitaia na more. Moskva: Mezhdunar. otnosheniia, 1980.

158 p.
Wu, Chunguang. Taiping Yang shang de jiao liang: dang dai Zhongguo de hai yang
zhan le wen ti. Di 1 ban. Beijing: Jin ri Zhongguo chu ban she, 1998. (Zhongguo wen ti
bao gao). 427 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- FRENCH
Labouérie, Guy. Défense et océans: propos de marin, 1969-1994. Paris: ADDIM,

c1994. (Collecton Esprit de défense.) 293 p.
Laurens, Adolphe. Histoire de la guerre sous-marine allemande (1914-1918).

Mesnil (Eure), impr. Firmin-Didot et Cie, Paris, Société d'éditions géographiques,
maritimes et coloniales, 184, boulevard Saint-Germain: 1930. 461 p.
________. Précis d'histoire de la guerre navale, 1914-1918. Paris: Payot, 1929.

300 p.
18
Walser, Ray. France's search for a battle fleet: naval policy and naval power,
1898-1914. New York: Garland, 1992. (Modern European history. France). 306 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- GERMAN
Bird, Keith W. German naval history: a guide to the literature. New York: Garland
Pub., 1985. (Military history bibliographies; vol. 7); (Garland reference library of social
science; v. 215). 1121 p.
Breyer, Siegfried and Gerhard Koop. Die deutsche Kriegsmarine, 1935-1945:

Schiffe, Bewaffnung, Männer, Ausrüstung, Einsätze. Friedberg: Podzun-Pallas,
c1985-<c1991>. 7 v.
Incomplete Contents: Bd. 3. Die Ubootwaffe, Marine-Kleinkampfverbände,
Seefliegerkräfte, Häfen un Bauwerften, die Angehörigen der Kriegsmarine mit den
höchsten Tapferkeitsauszeichnungen, Versenkungserfolge gegen Kriegsschiffe,
Uniformen, Dienstgrad- und Laufbahnabzeichen -- Bd. 4. Die Verluste der deutschen
Überwasserseestreitkräfte.
________ and ________. The German navy at war, 1935-1945 [translated by

Edward Force]. West Chester, Pa.: Schiffer Pub., c1989-. 2 v.
Partial contents: V. 2: The U-Boat
English translation of: Die deutsche Kriegsmarine, 1935-1945.
Epkenhans, Michael. Die wilhelminische Flottenrüstung, 1908-1914:

Weltmachtstreben, industrieller Fortschritt, soziale Integration. München: R.
Oldenbourg, 1991. (Beiträge zur Militärgeschichte; Bd. 32). 488 p.
A slight revision of the author's thesis (doctoral)--Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Sommersemester 1989.
Hobson, Rolf. Imperialism at sea: naval strategic thought, the ideology of sea
power, and the Tirpitz Plan, 1875-1914. Boston: Humanities Press, 2001. (Studies in
Central European histories). 358 p.
Koop, Gerhard und Siegfried Breyer. Die Schiffe, Fahrzeuge und Flugzeuge der
deutschen Marine von 1956 bis heute. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag, c1996. 560
p.
Lapp, Peter Joachim and Siegfried Breyer. Die Volksmarine der DDR: Entwicklung,
Aufgaben, Ausrüstung. Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe, 1985. 319 p.
Majoli, Sergio. Dal baltico al pacifico per il passaggio à nord-est: storia di una
nave corsara tedesca. Roma: Rivista maritima, 1999. 62 p.
Pertek, Jerzy. Od Reichsmarine do Bundesmarine, 1918-1965. [Wyd. 1]. [Poznań]

Wydawn. Poznańskie, 1966. 420 p.
19
Showalter, Dennis E. German military history, 1648-1982: a critical bibliography.
New York: Garland, 1984. (Military history bibliographies; vol. 3); (Garland reference
library of social science; v. 113). 331 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DD101 .S46 1984
Stang, Knut. Das zerbrechende Schiff: Seekriegsstrategien- und Rüstungsplanung

der deutschen Reichs- und Kriegsmarine 1918-1939. Frankfurt am Main; New York:
P. Lang, c1995. (Europäische Hochschulschriften. Reihe III, Geschichte und ihre
Hilfswissenschaften; Bd. 630). 424 p.
Originally presented as the author's thesis (Ph.D.) -- Universität Göttingen, 1994.
Tirpitz, Alfred von. Der Aufban der deutschen Weltmacht. Stuttgart: J.B. Cotta'sche
Buchhandlung Nachfolger, 1924. 460 p.
________. Der Aufbau der deutschen Weltmacht. Einmalige Ausg. Hamburg,

Deutsche Hausbucherei, [c1929]. 460 p.
Witthöft, Hans Jürgen. Lexikon zur deutschen Marinegeschichte. 1. Aufl. Herford:

Koehler, 1977-1978. 2 v.
Wolter, Gustav-Adolf and Alexander Meurer. Die See, Schicksal der Völker. Eine
Geschichte d. Seefahrt u. d. Seemacht als Einf. in d. Weltgeschichte. 6., überarb.
u. erg. Aufl. Herford: Koehler, [1973]. 309 p.
1st-5th editions published under title: Seekriegsgeschichte in Umrissen by A. Meurer.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- INDIAN
Jasjit Singh, ed.. Maritime security. New Delhi: Institute for Defence Studies and
Analyses, 1993. 182 p.
Kohli, Sourendra Nath. The Indian Ocean & India's maritime security. New Delhi:
United Service Institution of India, 1981. (USI national security lectures; 5). 99 p.
________. Sea power and the Indian Ocean: with special reference to India. New
Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, c1978. 168 p.
Naidu, G. V. C. The Indian navy and Southeast Asia. New Delhi: Knowledge World, in
Association with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 2000. 208 p.
Roy-Chaudhury, Rahul. India's maritime security. New Delhi: Knowledge World in

association with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 2000. 208 p.
________. Sea power and Indian security. 1st English ed. London; Washington:
Brassey's, 1995. 222 p.
20
Sakhuja, Vijay. Confidence building from the sea: an Indian initiative. New Delhi:
Knowledge World, c2001. 128 p.
"A United Service Institution of India project."
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- IRANIAN
De Guttry, Andrea and Natalino Ronzitti, eds. The Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and the
law of naval warfare. Cambridge, England: Grotius Publications, 1993. 573 p.
El-Shazly, Nadia El-Sayed. The Gulf tanker war: Iran and Iraq's maritime
swordplay. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. 403 p.
Navias, Martin S. and E.R. Hooton. Tanker wars: the assault on merchant shipping
during the Iran-Iraq conflict, 1980-1988. London; New York: I.B. Tauris, 1996. 244 p.
Sreedhar, Kapil Kaul. Tanker war: aspect of Iraq-Iran war, 1980-88. New Delhi:
ABC Pub. House, 1989. 143 p.
Walker, George K. The tanker war, 1980-88: law and policy. Newport, RI: Naval War
College, 2000. (International law studies v. 74). 640 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- ITALIAN
Bagnasco, Erminio. Le costruzioni navali della regia marina italiana (1861-1945).

Roma: Rivista maritima, [1996]. 63 p.
Gabriele, Mariano and Giuliano Friz. La politica navale italiana dal 1885 al 1915.
Roma: Ufficio storico della Marina militare, 1982. 333 p.
Giordano, Virgilio. La vocazione marinara dell'Italia. Palermo: ILA palma, 1996. 111
p.
Mallett, Robert. The Italian Navy and Fascist expansionism, 1935-40. London;
Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1998. (Cass series--naval policy and history; 7). 240 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DG571 .M255 1998
Minardi, Salvatore. Il disarmo navale italiano (1919-1936): un confronto politico-

diplomatico per il potere marittimo. Roma: Ufficio storico della marina militare, 1999.
421 p.
21
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- JAPANESE
Hori, Motoyoshi. Kaiyo boetgaku nyumon. 1978. 274 p.
Jensen, Gustav. Japans seemacht; der schnelle aufstieg im kampf um

selbstbehauptung und gleichberechtigung in den jahren 1853-1937. Berlin, K.
Siegismud, 1938. 379 p.
________. Seemacht Japan, der schnelle Aufstieg im Kampf um Selbstbehauptung

und Gleichberechtigung in den Jahren 1853-1943. 2. erweiterte Aufl. Berlin, K.
Siegismund, 1943. 421 p.
Jentschura, Hansgeorg, Dieter Jung, and Peter Mickel. Die japanischen

Kriegsschiffe: 1869 - 1945. München: J. F. Lehmann, 1970. 515 p.
________. Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945 [translated by

Antony Preston and J. D. Brown]. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, c1977. 284 p.
English translation with revisions of Die japanischen Kriegsschiffe, 1869-1945.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA653 .J52
________. Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945 [translated by

Antony Preston and J. D. Brown]. London: Arms & Armour, 1999. 284 p.
Sekine, Gunpei. Kokoku no kiki 1936-nen ni sonaeyo. Tokyo: Heisho Shuppansha,

Showa 8 [1933]. 244 p.
Takagi, Sokichi. Jidenteki Nihon Kaigun shimatsuki: Teikoku Kaigun no uchi ni

himeraretaru eiko to higeki no jijo. Tokyo: Kojinsha, 1995. 474 p.
________. Jidenteki Nihon Kaigun shimatsuki: Teikoku Kaigun no uchi ni

himeraretaru eiko to higeki no jijo. Tokyo: Kojinsha, 1995. 474 p.
Ueda, Tetsu. Shi ren: Nihon kiki kaiiki no giso. Tokyo: Kosaido Shuppan, [Showa 58
i.e. 1983]. 285 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- KOREAN
Kang, Yong-o. Haeyang chollyak uro pùrobon Han-Il kasang Tokto haejon.
Chòpàn. Soul-si: Yon'gyong Munhwasa, 2000. 299 p.
Kim, Tal-chung and Doug-Woon Cho, eds. Korean sea power and the Pacific era.
[Seoul]: Institute of East and West Studies, Yonsei University, c1990. (East and West
studies series; 15). 313 p.
22
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- NEW ZEALAND
New Zealand. Navy. Maritime doctrine for the Royal New Zealand Navy. [Wellington]:
The Navy, c1997. 101 p.
Wright, Matthew. Blue water kiwis: New Zealand's naval story. Auckland, NZ: Reed
Books, c2001. 237 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- NORWEGIAN
Børresen, Jacob. Kystmakt: skisse av en maritim strategi for Norge. [Oslo]: J.W.
Cappelen: Europa-programmet, c1993. 349 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- POLISH
Drozdowski, Marian Marek. Powrót Polski nad Baltyk 1920-1945: antologia tekstów
historycznych. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza "Typografika": Komisja Badań
Dziejów Warszawy Instytutu Historii PAN, 1997. 267 p.
Ordon, Stanislaw. Polska Marynarka Wojenna w latach 1918-1939; problemy

prawne i ekonomiczne. Gdynia: Wydawnictwo Morskie, 1966. 312 p.
Peszke, Michael Alfred. Poland's navy: 1918-1945. New York: Hippocrene Books
Inc., c1999. 222 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- RUSSIAN/SOVIET
Breyer, Siegfried. Enzyklopädie des sowjetischen Kriegsschiffbaus. Herford:

Koehler, c1987-<1991>. 3 v.
________. Guide to the Soviet Navy [translated by M. W. Henley]. Annapolis, MD,

United States Naval Institute, 1970. 353 p.
Revised and expanded English translation of Die Seerüstung der Sowjetunion.
________. Die Seerüstung der Sowjetunion. München: J. F. Lehmann, 1964. 269 p.
________. Soviet warship development. 1st English language ed. London: Conway
Maritime Press, 1992-. v.
English translation of: Enzyklopädie des sowjetischen Kriegsschiffbaus.
________ and Norman Polmar. Guide to the Soviet Navy. 2d ed. Annapolis, MD:
23
Originally published as a revised. and expanded English translation of Die Seerüstung
der Sowjetunion.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA573 .B82
Daniel, Richard W. A history of Russian and Soviet naval developments.

Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from National
Technical Information Service, 1988. (ADA194343). 59 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Systems Tech.), Naval Postgraduate School, March 1988.
Abstract: This thesis seeks to provide an historical understanding of Russian and Soviet naval
developments. This historical basis is provided to complement technological analysis of Soviet naval
concepts and systems. The origins of Soviet naval traditions are examined, beginning with the
establishment of the ancient Russian state of Kiev, the birth of the Tsarist Navy (under Peter I), the
origins of the Communist State and Navy, and concluding with the Soviet naval developments during the
Second World War. In examining these developments significant naval victories (Sweden, 1721; and
Tchesme, 1770) and defeats (Crimean, 1853; and Tsushima, 1905) are noted, along with non-combat
administrative reforms. The employment of the Russian Navy in World War One and the Soviet Navy in
World War Two are also examined. The conclusion is drawn that the primary mission of the Soviet Navy
is to support the Soviet Army in a continental theater. This conclusion is based on the historical failure of
the Russian and Soviet Navies in conducting blue-water operations (inferring a notion of perceived futility
in attempting these operations), the historical success in conducting coastal operations in support of the
army (inferring the utility of these types of operations), and the historical land combat bias of the Russian
and Soviet Militaries.
Gebhardt, James. F., trans. The Soviet war at sea. Minneapolis, MN: East View
Publications, 1994-. v.
Contents: v. 1. Submarine warfare
Polmar, Norman. Guide to the Soviet navy. 3rd ed. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute
Press, c1983. 465 p.
Second edition. by S. Breyer and N. Polmar.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL/REFERENCE VA573 .P598 1983
________. Guide to the Soviet navy. 4th ed. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press,
c1986. 536 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL/REFERENCE VA573 .P598 1986
________. The Naval Institute guide to the Soviet Navy. 5th ed. Annapolis, MD:
Revised edition of: Guide to the Soviet Navy, 1986.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE VA573 .P598 1991
________, ed. Soviet naval developments; prepared at the direction of the Chief
of Naval Operations by the Director of Naval Intelligence and the Chief of
Information, Department of the Navy, Washington, D.C. Annapolis, MD: Nautical
and Aviation Pub. Co. of America, c1979. 119 p.
Originally published under the title Understanding Soviet naval developments by the
Office of Naval Intelligence, 1974.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA573 .S64
24
Schulz-Torge, Ulrich. Die sowjetische Kriegsmarine. Bonn: Wehr und Wissen, 1976-
1981. 2 v.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA573 .S3
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- SWEDISH
Jervas, Gunnar. USA:s maritima strategi: hot eller möjlighet för Sverige?
Stockholm: Centralförbundet Folk och försvar, [1987]. (Försvar i nutid; 1987:3). 57 p.
Salicath, Carl P. Svenske oppfatninger av maktendringene i norskehavet. Oslo:

Norsk utenrikspolitisk institutt, [1987]. (NUPI rapport, 0800-000X; nr. 109). 145 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- TURKISH
Gürdeniz, Cem and Erdogan Yücelis, eds. Cumhuriyet donanmasi, 1923-2000 = The
fleet of the Republic, 1923-2000. 1. baski. Istanbul: Seyir Hidrografi ve Osinografi
Daire Baskanligi, 2000. 201 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWI – GENERAL

Gill, Charles and William Stevens. The War on the Sea: Battles, Sea Raids, and
Submarine Campaigns, Vol. 4, in Hart, Albert Bushnell, ed. Harper's pictorial library
of the world war. New York, London, Harper, [c1920]. 12 v.
Groos, Otto, ed. Der Krieg in der Nordsee. Berlin, E.S. Mittler, 1922-. (Der Krieg zur
See, 1914-1918). 5 v.
________. La guerra nel mare del Nord [Walter Gladisch, Raffaele de Courten,
and Waldimiro Pini, translators]. [Livorno, Topografia della R. Accademia navale,
192?]. 3 v.
Italian translation of Der Krieg in der Nordsee.
________. Hokkai kaisenshi. [Tokyo]: Kaigun Gunreibu, [1926-1932?]. 5 v.

Japanese translation of Der Krieg in der Nordsee
________. War in the North sea [translated by E.C. Magdeburger]. [Newport, R.I.,
Naval war college, Intelligence dept., 1931]. 3 v. in 2 v.
English translation of Der krieg in der Nordsee.
________. The War in the North Sea. Volume I. From the Beginning of the War to
the First of September 1914. Part 1. Preface, Contents, Chapters 1-4, Appendices
1-13; Charts 1-17. Newport, RI: Naval War College, 1937. (ADA003031). 236 p.
25
Abstract: Translated from the official German naval history of the First World War, this account is based
upon the war diaries of the commanding officers involved and makes extensive use of the texts of naval
staff memoranda andinstructions, operation and war orders, and German wireless messages.
Concentrating on the North Sea area, the volume begins with an examination of the background of the
conflict and the preliminary German preparations for the warvis-a-vis those of the British Navy, and then
proceeds to the early operations of the two fleets during August 1914. The detailed treatment reflects
theimportance of this initial stage of the contest, in which are exhibited the maritime planning and
determinations that set the course of the entire naval conduct of the war: the blockade by Britain and the
German employment of the submarine and mine warfare. Relevant appendices, tables, and charts
accompany each part.
English translation of Der krieg in der Nordsee
________. The War in the North Sea. Volume I. From the Beginning of the War to
the First of September, 1914. Part 2. Chapters 5,6; Appendices 14-21; Charts 18-
35. Newport, RI: Naval War College, 1937. (ADA003032). 220 p.
English translation of Der krieg in der Nordsee.
Halpern, Paul G. A naval history of World War I. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute
Press, c1994. 591 p.
NPS/DKL Location: RESERVE D580 .H34 1994
Hoehling, Adolph A. The Great War at sea: a history of naval action, 1914-1918.
Crowell, [1965]. 336 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D580 .H6
________. The Great War at sea: a history of naval action 1914-18. New York:
Galahad Books, [1975] c1965. 336 p.
Originally published: New York, Crowell, 1965.
________. The Great War at sea: a history of naval action, 1914-18. Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press, 1978, c1965. 336 p.
Reprint of the edition published by Crowell, New York, 1965.
Newbolt, Henry John, Sir. A naval history of the war. London, Hodder and Stoughton
limited, [1920]. 350 p.
Plaschka, Richard Georg. Matrosen, Offiziere, Rebellen: Krisenkonfrontationen zur

See, 1900-1918: Taku, Tsushima, Coronel/Falkland, "Potemkin," Wilhelmshaven,
Cattaro. Wien: H. Bohlau, 1984. (Veroffentlichungen des Osterreichischen Ost- und
Sudosteuropa-Instituts; Bd. 12-13). 2 v.
Reynolds, Francis Joseph et al, ed. The story of the Great War. New York, P.F. Collier
and son, [c1916-1920]. 16 v.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D521 .R4
26
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWI -- AMERICAN
Coletta, Paolo Enrico. American naval history: a guide. 2nd ed. Lanham, MD:
Scarecrow Press, 2000. 933 p.
Originally published: Lanham, MD: University Press of America, c1988 as A selected
and annotated bibliography of American naval history, c1988.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL E182 .C63 2000
________. A survey of U.S. naval affairs, 1865-1917. Lanham, MD: University Press
of America, c1987. 265 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA57 .C65 1987
Feuer, A. B. The U.S. Navy in World War I: combat at sea and in the air. Westport,
CT: Praeger, 1999. 197 p.
Frothingham, Thomas Goddard. The naval history of the World War. Cambridge,
Harvard University Press, 1924-26. 3 v.
"This work has been compiled from data provided by the historical section, United States
Navy." Contents: [v. 1] Offensive operations, 1914-1915. -- [v. 2] The stress of sea
power, 1915-1916. -- [v. 3] The United States in the War, 1917-1918.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D580 .F9
Gleichauf, Justin F. Unsung sailors: the Naval Armed Guard in WWII. Annapolis, MD:
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D769.45 .G57 1990
Sprout, Harold Hance & Margaret Sprout. The rise of American naval power, 1776-
1918. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1939. 398 p.
________. Toward a new order of sea power: American Naval policy and the world
scene, 1918-1922. [2nd ed.]. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Pr., 1943. 336 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL E182 .S75
Whitaker, Herman. Hunting the German shark; the American navy in the underseas
war. New York, The Century co., 1918. 310 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWI -- AUSTRALIAN
Jose, Arthur W. The Royal Australian Navy, 1914-1918. St. Lucia, Qld.: University of
Queensland Press in association with the Australian War Memorial, 1987. (The Official
history of Australia in the war of 1914-1918; v. 9). 649 p.
Originally published: Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1928.
27
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWI -- AUSTRIAN
Gesellschaft vom Silbernen Kreuz. Viribus unitis, Österreich-Ungarn und der

Weltkrieg. Wien, 1919. 1106 p.
Martiny, Nikolaus von, ed. Bilddokumente aus Österreich-Ungarns Seekrieg, 1914-

1918, mit Schilderungen der wichtigsten Kampfhandlungen zur See unter
Benützung in- und ausländischer amtlicher Quellen, Tagebuchaufzeichnungen
und Berichte. Graz, Leykam-Verlag, 1939. 2 v.
________. Bilddokumente aus Österreich-Ungarns Seekrieg 1914-1918, mit

Schilderungen der wichtigsten Kampfhandlungen zur See unter Benützung in-
und ausländischer amtlicher Quellen, Tagebuchaufzeichnungen und Berichte. 2.
Aufl. Graz, Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1973. 2 v.
Mayer, Horst F. and Dieter Winkler. Als die Adria österreichisch war: Österreich-
Ungarns Seemacht. 4. Aufl. [Wien]: Verl. der Österr. Staatsdr., 1989. 223 p.
Prasky, Friedrich. Die Tegetthoff-Klasse: Modellbau, Technik, Geschichte. Hamburg:

Mittler, 2000. 271 p.
Schaumann, Walther. Ende einer Seemacht: Österreich-Ungarn 1900 - 1918;

[Fotodokumente zu Österreich-Ungarns Marinegeschichte 1900 - 1918].
Klosterneuburg; Wien: Mayer, [1995]. 216 p.
Sokol, Anton E. Seemacht Österreich die kaiserl. u. königl. Kriegsmarine 1382 -

1918. 1. Aufl. Wien, München, Zürich: Molden, 1972 224 p.
German translation of The imperial and royal Austro-Hungarian navy.
Sokol, Hans Hugo. Des Kaisers Seemacht: d. k.k. österr. Kriegsmarine 1848 bis
1914. Wien; München: Amalthea, c1980. (Die k.k. österreichische Kriegsmarine in
dem Zeitraum von 1848 bis 1914; Teil 3); (Geschichte der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine; Teil 3,3).
333 p.
Sondhaus, Lawrence. The naval policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867-1918: navalism,

industrial development, and the politics of dualism. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue Univ.
Press, c1994. 441 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA473 .S663 1994
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWI -- BRITISH
Beesly, Patrick. Room 40: British naval intelligence 1914-18. 1st American ed. San
Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, c1982. 338 p.
Originally published: London: Hamilton, 1982.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D639.C75 B43 1982
28
Bennett, Geoffrey Martin. Naval battles of the First World War. New York, Scribner,
[1969, c1968]. (British battles series). 319 p.
Originally published: London: Batsford, 1968.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D580 .B4
Bourne, J. M. Britain and the Great War, 1914-1918. Reprinted with corrections.
London; New York: E. Arnold; New York, NY: Distributed in the USA by Routledge,
Chapman and Hall, 1994, c1989. 257 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D546 .B68 1989
Chatterton, E. Keble. Dardanelles dilemma; the story of the naval operations.

London, Rich & Cowan, ltd., [1935]. 320 p.
Edwards, Kenneth, Commander. The grey diplomatists. London, Rich & Cowan, ltd.
[1938]. 328 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY DA89 .E2
Ewing, Alfred Washington. The man of room 40; the life of Sir Alfred Ewing.
London and Melbourne, Hutchinson & co. ltd., [1940]. 295 p.
Groos, Otto. Die Grenzen der britischen Seemacht. Berlin: Mittler, 1940. 32 p.
Hough, Richard Alexander. The Great War at sea, 1914-1918. Oxford [Oxfordshire];
New York: Oxford University Press, 1986, c1983. 353 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D581 .H56 1986
Keegan, John. The price of admiralty: the evolution of naval warfare. New York, NY,
USA: Penguin, 1990, c1988. 353 p.
Originally published: London: Hutchinson, 1988.
________. The price of admiralty: the evolution of naval warfare. New York: Viking,
1989. 292 p.
Marder, Arthur Jacob. From the dreadnought to Scapa Flow: the Royal Navy in the
Fisher era, 1904-1919. Oxford University Press, 1961-1969. 5 v.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA454 .M2
Sumida, Jon Tetsuro. In defence of naval supremacy: finance, technology, and

British naval policy, 1889-1914. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989. 377 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA454 .S86 1989
29
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWI -- GERMAN
Berghahn, Volker Rolf. Der Tirpitz-Plan; Genesis und Verfall einer innenpolitischen
Krisenstrategie unter Wilhelm II. Dusseldorf, Droste Verlag, [c1971]. (Geschichtliche
Studien zu Politik und Gesellschaft, Bd. 1). 640 p.
Gross, Gerhard Paul. Die Seekriegfuhrung der Kaiserlichen Marine im Jahre 1918.
Frankfurt am Main; New York: P. Lang, c1989. (Europaische Hochschulschriften. Reihe
III, Geschichte und ihre Hilfswissenschaften; Bd. 387). 574 p.
Kelly, Patrick James. The naval policy of imperial Germany 1900-1914. Washington,
DC: Georgetown University, 1970. 538 l.
Thesis (Ph.D.), Georgetown University, 1970.
Linnenkohl, Hans. Alternativen und Möglichkeiten deutscher Seemacht 1898 -

1918. Viernheim, Heppenheimer Str. 70: H. Linnenkohl [Selbstverl.], 1978. 282 p.
Luntinen, Pertti. Saksan keisarillinen laivasto Itämerellä; aikeet, suunnitelmat ja

toimet. Helsinki: SHS, 1987 [i.e. 1988]. (Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 0073-2559; 143).
262 p.
Summary in German.
Plagemann, Volker, ed. Übersee: Seefahrt u. Seemacht im dt. Kaiserreich.

München: Beck, 1988. 404 p.
Smith, Allen. German submarine warfare, May 1915 to January 1917: an analysis of
the provocative events leading the U.S. from a strict observance of neutrality to
intervention in Europe, including the effects of these events on U.S. policy prior to
entrance into World War II. s.l.: s.n., [197-?]. 22 l.
Reuter, Ludwig von. Scapa Flow: das grab der deutschen flotte. 2 durchgesehene
auflage. Leipzig: K. F. Koehler, 1921. 155 p.
Wegener, Wolfgang. The naval strategy of the World War [translated and with an
introduction and notes by Holger H. Herwig]. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press,
c1989, 1929. (Classics of sea power). 231 p.
Originally published: Berlin: E.S. Mittler, 1929.
English translation of Die Seestrategie des Weltkrieges.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWI - ITALIAN
Rainero, Romain. Raffaele Rossetti: dall'affondamento della "Viribus Unitis"

all'impegno antifascista. Settimo Milanese: Marzorati, c1989. 286 p.
30
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWII – GENERAL
Bath, Alan Harris. Tracking the axis enemy: the triumph of Anglo-American naval
intelligence. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, c1998. (Modern war studies).
308 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D810.S7 B35 1998
Dunnigan, James F. and Albert A. Nofi. The Pacific war encyclopedia. New York:
Facts On File, c1998. 2 v.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE D767.9 .D86 1998
Ellis, Lionel Frederic et al. Victory in the West. London, H. M. Stationery Off., 1962-
1968. (History of the Second World War. United Kingdom military series). 2 v.
Contents: v. 1. The Battle of Normandy.-v.2. The Defeat of Germany.
Gailey, Harry A. The war in the Pacific: from Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay. Novato,
CA: Presidio, c1995. 534 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D767 .G68 1995
Greene, Jack and Alessandro Massignani. The naval war in the Mediterranean 1940-
1943. London: Chatham; Rockville Center, NY: Sarpedon, 1998-1999. 352 p.
________ and ________. The naval war in the Mediterranean 1940-1943.

Grove, Eric, ed. The Defeat of the enemy attack on shipping, 1939-1945. Aldershot,
Hant; Brookfield, VT: Ashgate for the Navy Records Society, c1997. (Publications of the
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A revised edition of the Naval Staff history, volumes 1A (text and appendices) and 1B
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Hughes, Terry and John Costello. The battle of the Atlantic. Dial Press/J. Wade, 1977.
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________. Jane's naval history of World War II. New York: HarperCollins
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31
________. Jane's schwimmende Bastionen: Schiffe des II. Weltkriegs; Technik,
Taktik, Bewaffnung. Augsburg: Bechtermünz, 2000. 256 p.
German translation of Jane's naval history of World War II
________. The war in the Mediterranean 1940-1943. London: Arms and Armour;
New York, NY: Sterling Pub. Co., c1993. 224 p.
Leutze, James R. Bargaining for supremacy: Anglo-American naval collaboration,

1937-1941. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, c1977. 328 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D750 .L62
Levine, Alan J. The Pacific War: Japan versus the allies. Westport, CT: Praeger,
1995. 200 p.
Marder, Arthur Jacob. Old friends, new enemies: the Royal Navy and the Imperial
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Philbin, Tobias R. The lure of Neptune: German-Soviet naval collaboration and

ambitions, 1919-1941. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, c1994.
(Studies in maritime history). 192 p.
Contents: Background and context: Soviet-German relations -- The national canvas for
naval issues -- Navy to navy: coexistence and interface -- Navy to navy: competition --
Nazi-Soviet naval relations -- The naval dimension of the Hitler-Stalin pact -- Operations --
Basis nord -- Cruiser "L": from Germany with reticence -- Submarines and merchant
cruisers -- Conclusion.
Poolman, Kenneth. The winning edge: naval technology in action, 1939-1945.

NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VF347 .P66 1997
Puleston, W. D. The influence of sea power in World War II. New Haven, Yale
University Press, 1947. 310 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D770 .P9
Sadkovich, James J., ed. Reevaluating major naval combatants of World War II.
New York: Greenwood Press, 1990. (Contributions in military studies, no. 92). 203 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D770 .R44 1990
Smith, Peter Charles. Hold the narrow sea: naval warfare in the English Channel,
1939-1945. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland; Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press,
c1984. 255 p.
32
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWII -- AMERICAN
Bischof, Gunter, and Robert L. Dupont, eds. The Pacific War Revisited. Baton Rouge:
Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1997. 220 p.
Creswell, John. Sea warfare, 1939-1945. Rev. and augm. ed. Berkeley: University of
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D770 .C9
________. Sea warfare, 1939-1945; a short history. London, New York: Longmans,
Green, [1950]. 344 p.
Galantin, I. J. Submarine admiral: from battlewagons to ballistic missiles. Urbana:

University of Illinois Press, c1995. 345 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY CT7.A42 G34 1995
Hoopes, Townsend and Douglas Brinkley. Driven patriot: the life and times of James
Forrestal. New York: Knopf, 1992. 587 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL CT6 .O7 H66 1992
Lacy, James L. Within bounds: the Navy in postwar American security policy.
Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses, Naval Strategy Group, 1983. (CNA; 83-
1178). 616 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA58.4 .L32 1983
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWII -- AUSTRALIAN
Stevens, David, ed. The Royal Australian Navy in World War II. St. Leonards,
Australia: Allen & Unwin, c1996. 212 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWII -- BRITISH
Barnett, Correlli. Engage the enemy more closely: the Royal Navy in the Second
World War. 1st American ed. New York: Norton, 1991. 1052 p.
Originally published: London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1991.
Collier, Basil. The defence of the United Kingdom. H.M. Stationery Off., 1957.
(History of the Second World War. United Kingdom military series). 557 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D759 .C6
Gray, Edwyn. Operation Pacific: the Royal Navy's war against Japan, 1941-1945.
Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, [1990?]. 267 p.
33
Grenfell, Russell. Sea power, by T124 [pseud.]. London, J. Cape, [1941]. 252 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY VA454 .G7
________. Sea power. Garden City, NY, Doubleday, Doran & company, inc., 1941.
244 p.
________. Sea power. [New and rev. ed.] London, J. Cape [1941]. 261 p.
________. Sea power in the next war. London, G. Bles, [1938]. (The next war, a
series ed. by Captain Liddell Hart). 183 p.
________. Die Seemacht im nächsten Krieg [Dt. Übers. v. Rudolf Stoff]. Berlin: A.
Nauck & Co., 1939. 221 p.
German translation of Sea Power in the next war.
________. Die Seemacht im nächsten Krieg [Dt. Übers. v. Rudolf Stoff]. Zürich:
Scientia, 1939. 221 p.
German translation of Sea Power in the next war.
Jackson, Robert. The Royal Navy in World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute
Press, c1997. 176 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D771 .J24 1997
Kemp, Peter Kemp. Key to victory; the triumph of British sea power in World War II.
[1st American ed.]. Boston, Little Brown, [c1957]. 382 p.
Originally published: London: F. Muller, 1957, as Victory at sea.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D771 .K3
________. Victory at sea, 1939-1945. London: White Lion Publishers, 1976. 383 p.
American edition published in 1957 as Key to victory.
Kohnen, David. Commanders Winn and Knowles: Winning the U-boat War with
Intelligence, 1939-1943. Krakow, Poland: Enigma Press, 1999. 168 p.
Lenton, H. T. British & empire warships of the Second World War. London: Greenhill
Books; Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1998. 766 p.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE VA456 .L3997 1998
________ and J. J. Colledge. Warship losses of World War II; British and Dominion
fleets. London, I. Allan [1965]. 64 p.
________ and ________. Warships of World War II. 2nd ed. Shepperton: Allan, 1973.
653 p.
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and Dominion warships of World War II.
34
Lund, Paul and Harry Ludlam. Atlantic jeopardy. London: W. Foulsham. 1990. 1 v
Contents: PQ17 - convoy to hell; Trawlers go to war; Night of the U-Boats
Macintyre, Donald G. F. W. The naval war against Hitler. New York, Scribner [1971].
376 p.
Originally published: London: Batsford, 1971.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D771 .M15
Madsen, Chris. The Royal Navy and German naval disarmament, 1942-1947.
London; Portland, OR: F. Cass, 1998. (Naval policy and history; 4). 277 p.
McLachlan, Donald. Room 39; a study in Naval Intelligence. [1st American ed.] New
York, Atheneum, 1968. 438 p.
Originally published: London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968.
Roberts, John Arthur. British warships of the Second World War. Annapolis, MD:
Naval Institute Press, c2000. (Blueprint series). 160 p.
Roskill, Stephen Wentworth. The war at sea, 1939-1945. London: H. M. Stationery Off.,
1954-1961. (History of the Second World War: United Kingdom military series). 3 v. in 4.
________. White ensign; the British Navy at war, 1939-1945. Annapolis, MD: U.S.
Naval Institute, [1960]. 480 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D771 .R73
T124 [pseudo.]. see Grenfell, Russell.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWII -- GERMAN
Ambrosius, Hans Heinrich. Die schlacht im Atlantik [tr. M. Th. Hillen]. Amsterdam,
Uitgeverij Westland, 1942. 64 p.
German translation of De slag op den Atlantischen oceaan.
Assmann, Kurt. Deutsche Seestrategie in zwei Weltkriegen. Heidelberg, K.

Vowinckel, 1957 [c1956]. (Die Wehrmacht im Kampf Bd. 12). 215 p.
Bathe, Rolf. Der kampf um die Nordsee; chronik des luft-und seekrieges im winter
1939/40 und des norwegischen feldzuges. Oldenburg i.O./Berlin, G. Stalling, 1941.
310 p.
Bekker, Cajus. Das Bildbuch der deutschen Kriegsmarine: 1939 - 1945.

Genehmigte, ungekürzte Taschenbuchausg., 9. Aufl. München: Heyne, 1994. 239 p.
Originally published: München: Heyne, 1979. 239 p.
35
________. Defeat at sea; the struggle and eventual destruction of the German
Navy, 1939-1945. [1st American ed.]. New York, Holt, [1955]. 222 p.
Originally published in England in 1953 under the title: Swastika at sea."
English translation of Kampf und Untergang der Kriegsmarine.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D771 .B5
________. Die deutsche Kriegsmarine: 1939 - 1945. Augsburg: Weltbild-Verlag, 1992.

192 p.
Originally published: Oldenburg, Hamburg: Stalling, 1972 as Das grosse Bildbuch der
deutschen Kriegsmarine, 1939-1945.
________. The German Navy, 1939-1945. London; New York: Hamlyn, [1974]. 192 p.
English translation of Grosse Bildbuch der deutschen Kriegsmarine, 1939-1945.
________. The German Navy, 1939-1945. London: Chancellor Press, 1997. 192 p.
Originally published: Hamlyn, 1974.
________. Das grosse Bildbuch der deutschen Kriegsmarine: 1939 - 1945. 3. Aufl.
Oldenburg, Hamburg: Stalling, 1976. 192 p.
Originally published: Oldenburg, Hamburg: Stalling, 1972.
________. Kampf und Untergang der Kriegsmarine: Ein Dokumentarbericht in Wort

u. Bild. [3. Aufl.]. Hannover: Sponholtz, 1956. 279 p.
Originally published: Hannover: Sponholtz, 1953.
________. Kampf und Untergang der Kriegsmarine: [Das Kriegsgeschehen zur See
1939 - 1945.] Rastatt/Baden: Pabel, 1961. 184 p.
________. Prokleté more [Prekl. Leos Jaren]. Vyd. 1. Plzen: Mustang, 1995. 268 p.
Czech translation of Verdammte See.
________. Swastika at sea; the struggle and destruction of the German Navy, 1939-
1945. London: W. Kimber, 1953. 222 p.
English translation of Kampf und Untergang der Kriegsmarine.
Brezet, Francois Emmanuel. Histoire de la Marine allemande, 1939-1945. [Paris]:

Perrin, c1999. 398 p.
Gröner, Erich. Die Schiffe der deutschen Kriegsmarine und Luftwaffe 1939-45 und
ihr Verbleib. 8., erw. Aufl. München: Lehmann, 1976. 126 p.
Originally published: München, J. F. Lehmann, 1954.
36
Hinsley, Francis Harry. Hitler's strategy. Cambridge [Eng.] University Press, 1951.
254 p.
Koburger, Charles W. Steel ships, iron crosses, and refugees: the German Navy in
the Baltic, 1939-1945. New York: Praeger, 1989. 133 p.
Lenton, H. T. German warships of the Second World War. New York: Arco Pub. Co.,
1976, c1975. 396 p.
Originally published: London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1975.
Lochner, R. K. Als das Eis brach: der Krieg zur See um Norwegen 1940. München:
Heyne, c1983. 735 p.
Lützow, Friedrich. Die heutige Seekriegsführung. Berlin: Verlag "Die Wehrmacht",

1940-1943. 11 v.
Contents: 1. Mit U-Boot und Minen gegen englische Hunger-Blockade -- 2. Seerübertum.
Schlachtschiffkampf. Die Landung in Norwegen -- 3. Krieg im Kanal, Mittelmeer und
Ozean -- 4. Deutschland im Angriff, England in Not -- 1. [i.e. 5] Seekrieg auf allen Meeren
-- 2. [i.e. 6] S-S-S aus London -- 3. [i.e. 7] Schlacht im Atlantik. Aufmarsch am Mittelmeer
-- 8. USA-Einmischung. Kampf gegen Sowjet-Seemacht -- 9. Von Binnenwassertragen
und neuen Seekriegsgebieten -- 10. Japan schlägt los -- 11. Kampf um Frachtraum und
Seeherrschaft.
Salewski, Michael. Die deutsche Seekriegsleitung 1935-1945. Frankfurt am Main,

Bernard & Graefe, 1970-1975. 2 v.
Contents: Bd. 1. 1935-1941.--Bd. 2. 1942-1945.
Showell, Jak P. Mallmann. German Navy handbook, 1939-1945. Thrupp, Stroud,

Gloucestershire: Sutton, 1999. 274 p.
________. The German Navy in World War Two: a reference guide to the
Kriegsmarine, 1935-1945. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1979. 224 p.
Thomas, Charles S. The German Navy in the Nazi era. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute
Press, 1990. 284 p.
Originally published: London: Unwin Hyman, Ltd., 1990.
Tuleja, Thaddeus V. Twilight of the sea gods. [1st ed.]. New York, Norton, [1958].
284 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D771 .T88
________. Twilight of the sea gods. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1975, c1958.
284 p.
Reprint of the 1st ed. published by Norton, New York, 1958.
37
Von der Porten, Edward P. The German Navy in World War II. New York, T. Y.
Crowell, [1969]. 274 p.
Revised edition published as Pictorial history of the German Navy in World War II, 1976.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D771 .V9
________. The German Navy in World War II. New York: Galahad Books, [1975]
c1969. 274 p.
________. Pictorial history of the German Navy in World War II. Rev. ed. New
York Crowell, c1976. 367 p.
Published in 1969 as The Germany Navy in World War II.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWII -- ITALIAN
Bagnasco, Erminio. Le armi delle navi italiane nella seconda guerra mondiale.
[Parma]: Albertelli, [1978]. 198 p.
Fraccaroli, Aldo. Italian warships of World War II. London, Allan, 1968. 204 p.
________. Marina militare italiana 1946. Milano: Hoepli, [1946?]. 201 p.
Sadkovich, James J. The Italian Navy in World War II. Westport, CT: Greenwood
Press, 1994. (Contributions in military studies no. 149). 379 p.
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWII -- JAPANESE
Dull, Paul S. A battle history of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945. Annapolis
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D777 .D83
Edwards, Bernard. Blood and bushido: Japanese atrocities at sea, 1941-1945.

Bernard Edwards. Upton-upon-Severn, Worcs: Self Publishing Association, 1991. 253
p.
Fukui, Shizuo. Japanese naval vessels at the end of war. Old Greenwich, CT: We,
inc. [1970?]. [168] p.
Reprint of the 1947 ed., with an appendix "Japanese naval vessels [during] World War II"
added.
________. Shusen to teikoku kantei: Waga kaigun no shuen to kantei no kisu =

Japanese naval vessels survived: their post-war activities and final disposition.
Tokyo: Shuppan Kyodo Publishers, 1961. (Showa gunkan gaishi 3). 224 p.
38
Parillo, Mark P. The Japanese merchant marine in World War II. Annapolis, MD:
Potter, John Deane. Yamamoto; the man who menaced America. New York, Viking
Press [1965]. 332 p.
"Target A, Pearl Harbor’s most secret weapon" p.72-115.
Originally published: London, Heinemann, 1965, as Admiral of the Pacific: the life of
Yamamoto.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DS890.Y25 P6 1965
________. Yamamoto: the man who menaced America. New York: Paperback
Library, 1965. 351 p.
Originally published: London Heinemann, 1965 as Admiral of the Pacific, the life of
Yamamoto.
Tanaka, Toshiyuki. Hidden horrors: Japanese war crimes in World War II. Boulder,
Co: Westview Press, 1996. (Transitions--Asia and Asian America.). 267 p.
English translation of Shirarezaru senso hanzai.
________. Shirarezaru senso hanzai: Nihongun wa Osutorariajin ni nani o shita

ka. Tokyo: Otsuki Shoten, 1993. 263 p.
Uematsu, Sonkei. Kokumin kaigun-dokuhon. Shohan. Tokyo: Sankaido Shuppanbu,

Showa 19 [1944]. 246 p.
United States. Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee. Japanese naval and

merchant shipping losses during World War II by all causes. Washington: U.S. Govt.
Print. Off., 1947. (NAVEXOS P. P-468). 1 v.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D777 .U5
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWII – POLISH
Kosiarz, Edmund. Baltyk w ogniu. Wyd. 1. Gdańsk: Wydawn. Morskie, 1975. (Seria
Wojny morskie; 4). 245 p.
________. Baltyk w ogniu. Wyd. 2. Gdańsk: Wydawn. Morskie, 1985. (Seria Wojny
morskie; 14). 252 p.
________. Druga wojna ´swiatowa na Baltyku. Wyd. 1. Gdańsk: Wydawn. Morskie,

1988. 718 p.
________. Wojna na Baltyku, 1939. Wyd. 1. Gdańsk: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza,

1988. 414 p.
39
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- WWII – RUSSIAN/SOVIET
Aprelkov, Aleksei Vasilévich and L.A. Popov. Iz morskikh glubin: k istorii

podvodnykh lodok "Cheliabinskii komsomolets" i "Leninskii komsomol".
Cheliabinsk: Cheliabinskii obl. sovet veteranov voiny, truda, vooruzhennykh sil i
pravookhranitelńykh organov, 1996. 50 p.
Gorshkov, Sergei Georgievich. Red star rising at sea [translated by Theodore A.

Neely, Jr.]. [Annapolis, MD]: Naval Institute Press, c1974. 150 p.
From a series of articles originally published in Morskoi sbornik.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA573 .G63
Herrick, Robert Waring. Soviet naval theory and policy: Gorshkov's inheritance.
Newport, RI: Naval War College Press; Washington, DC: For sale by the Supt. of Docs.,
U.S. G.P.O., 1988. 318 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V55.S65 H47 1988
________. Soviet naval theory and policy: Gorshkov's inheritance. Annapolis, MD:
Naval Institute Press, 1989, c1988. 318 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V55.S65 H47 1989
HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- SPECIAL TOPICS
ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) -- GENERAL
Aigner, Franz. Unterwasserschalltechnik: Grundlagen, Ziele und Grenzen:

Submarine Akustik in Theorie und Praxis. [Wien]: [s.n.], 1922. 322 p.
________. Unterwasserschalltechnik: Grundlagen, Ziele und Grenzen (Submarine

Akustik in Theorie und Praxis). Berlin: Krayn, 1922. 322 p.
Cote, Owen. and Harvey Sapolsky. Antisubmarine warfare after the Cold War.
Cambridge, MA: Security Studies Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
[1997]. (MIT security studies conference series). 22 p.
Cox, Albert W. Sonar and underwater sound. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books,
[1974]. 144 p.
Daniel, Donald C. Anti-submarine warfare and superpower strategic stability.

Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1986. 222 p.
Originally published: London: Macmillan, 1985. (Studies in international security; [24]).
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V214 .D36 1986
40
Federation of American Scientists. Special issue, antisubmarine warfare.
Washington, DC: F.A.S., 1986. (F.A.S. public interest report; 39, no. 6, June-July 1986).
12 p.
Franklin, George. Britain's anti-submarine capability, 1919-1939. London: Portland,

OR: Frank Cass, 2003. (Cass series--naval policy and history; 17). 208 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V214 .F73 2003
Gerken, Louis. ASW versus submarine technology battle. Chula Vista, CA: American
Scientific Corp., c1986. 753 p.
Heppenheimer, T. A. Anti-submarine warfare: the threat, the strategy, the solution.

Arlington, VA: Pasha Publications, c1989. 250 p.
Janzon, Bo. The anti-submarine warfare project at the Swedish Defence Research
Establishment (FOA), Sweden: an outline of activities. Stockholm: FOA, [1988]. 16
p.
Miller, David. An illustrated guide to modern sub hunters. New York: Arco Pub.,
c1984. 160 p.
________. The new illustrated guide to modern sub hunters. New York:
Smithmark, c1992. 160 p.
Moore, John Evelyn and Richard Compton-Hall. Submarine warfare: today and
tomorrow. Bethesda, MD: Adler & Adler, 1987, c1986. 308 p.
Originally published: London: M. Joseph, 1986.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V210 .M66
Price, Alfred. Aircraft versus submarine: the evolution of the anti-submarine

aircraft, 1912 to 1972. [Annapolis, MD]: Naval Institute Press, 1973. 268 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V214 .P9
________. Aircraft versus submarine: the evolution of the anti-submarine aircraft,

1912 to 1980. Rev. ed. London; New York: Jane's Publishing, 1980. 272 p.
Previously published: London: Kimber, 1973 as Aircraft versus submarine: the evolution
of the anti-submarine aircraft, 1912 to 1972.
________. Flugzeuge jagen Uboote [Dt. Übers. von Hans u. Hanne Meckel].
Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verlag, 1976. 373 p.
German translation of Aircraft versus submarine.
41
________. Patrol aircraft vs. submarine. Shrewsbury: Airlife, 1991. (Aggressors;
v.4). 63 p.
Stefanick, Tom. Strategic antisubmarine warfare and naval strategy. Lexington, MA:
Lexington Books, c1987. 390 p.
Suzdalev, Nikolai Ivanovich. Podvodnye lodki protiv podvodnykh lodok. Moskva,

Voenizdat, 1968. 163 p.
Tsipis, Kosta. Tactical and strategic antisubmarine warfare. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press, 1974. (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI monograph).
148 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V214 .S8
Williams, Mark. Captain Gilbert Roberts R. N. and the anti-u-boat school. London:
Cassell, 1979. 186 p.
ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) – GENERAL -- WWI
Grant, Robert M. U-boats destroyed: the effect of anti-submarine warfare 1914-1918.

Putnam, [1964]. 172 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D581 .G7
Hackmann, Willem Dirk. Seek & strike: sonar, anti-submarine warfare, and the
Royal Navy, 1914-54. London: H.M.S.O., 1984. 487 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V214.H33 1984
Humphreys, Roy. The Dover Patrol, 1914-18. Phoenix Mill, Thrupp, Stroud,
Messimer, Dwight R. Find and destroy: antisubmarine warfare in World War I.

ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) -- GENERAL -- WWII
Doscher, J. Henry. Subchaser in the South Pacific: a saga of the USS SC-761
during World War II. 1st ed. Austin, TX: Eakin Press, c1994. 110 p.
Franks, Norman L. R. Dark sky, deep water; [first hand reflections on the anti-U-
boat War in Europe in WWII]. 1st pbk. ed. London: Grub Street, 1999. 218 p.
Originally published: London: Grub Street, 1997.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V214.5 .F735 1999
42
________. Search, find and kill. Rev. and updated ed. London: Grub Street, c1995.
274 p.
________. Search, find and kill; Coastal Command's U-boat successes. Bourne
End: Aston, 1990. 168 p.
Job, Glenn T. A bumpy ride: the tale of U.S.S. PC(C) 1168, a World War II
subchaser and the men who manned her, 1943-1954. Ridgefield Park, NJ: Thomsen
Litho, 1996. 20 p.
Keefer, Louis E. From Maine to Mexico: with America's private pilots in the fight
against Nazi U-boats. 1st ed. Reston, VA: COTU Pub., c1997. 535 p.
Purdon, Eric. Black company; the story of Subchaser 1264. Washington, R. B. Luce
[1972]. 255 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D810.N4 P9
________. Black company: the story of Subchaser 1264. Annapolis, MD: Naval
Institute Press, c2000. (Bluejacket books). 255 p.
Roberts, Douglas L. Rustbucket 7: chronicle of the USS PC 617 during the Great
War, 1942-1946. Newcastle, ME: Mill Pond, c1995. 159 p.
Schoenfeld, Maxwell Philip. Stalking the U-boat: USAAF offensive antisubmarine

operations in World War II. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, c1995.
(Smithsonian history of aviation series). 231 p.
Stafford, Edward P. Subchaser. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute; London: Greenhill,

2003. (Bluejacket books). 251 p.
Originally published Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute, c1988.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D773 .S78 2003
Sternhell, Charles M. and Alan M. Thorndike. Antisubmarine warfare in World War II.
Washington, DC: s.n., [1990?], c1946. (OEG report; no. 51). 331 p.
Prepared by Operations Evaluation Group, formerly operations Research Group, Office of
the Chief of Naval Operations; Originally: "Confidential".
Contents: Pt. 1. History of anti-submarine operations by Charles M. Sternhell.-- Pt. 2.
Anti-submarine measures and their effectiveness by A. M. Thorndike.
Treadwell, Theodore R. Splinter fleet: the wooden subchasers of World War II.
43
Whinney, Bob. The U-boat peril: an anti-submarine commander's war. Poole; New
York: Blandford Press; New York, NY: distributed in the United States by Sterling Pub.
Co., 1986. 160 p.
________. The U-boat peril: a fight for survival. London: Cassell, 1986. (Cassell
military classics). 160 p.
Originally published: Poole: Blandford, 1986 as The U-boat peril: an anti-submarine
commander's war.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D784.G7 W45 1986B
Williams, Mark. Captain Gilbert Roberts R. N. and the anti-u-boat school. London:
Cassell, 1979. 186 p.
Y'Blood, William T. Hunter-killer: U.S. escort carriers in the Battle of the Atlantic.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D770 .Y34 1983
ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) -- NPS THESES AND TECHNICAL REPORTS
Adams, Brian S.. Analysis of the Effects of Energy Spreading Loss and
Transmission Loss on Low Frequency Active Sonar Operations in Shallow Water.
Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography), Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1997.
Abstract: Energy Spreading Loss (ESL) is qualitatively defined as the reduction in peak power level due
to energy spreading of a transmitted acoustic pulse in tune. An analysis of the impact of bathymetric
geometry and sediment type on ESL and TL associated with the Low Frequency Active/Compact Low
Frequency Active (LFA /CLFA) sonar operations was conducted utilizing the FEPE, FEPE SYN and EXT
TD programs to model the time spreading of the acoustic pulse due to multipath propagation in shallow
water. Both a Blackman windowed pulse and a Continuous Wave (CW) pulse were used in this analysis.
The Blackman pulse had a center frequency of 244 Hz with a bandwidth of 24 Hz. The CW pulse had a
center frequency of 244 Hz with a bandwidth of 0.0625 Hz. Model inputs were a geoacoustic description
of the Tanner Bank region off the coast of San Diego and a typical late summer sound speed profile taken
from the MOODS database. ESL and TL's impact on low frequency active sonar operations was
determined as a function of bathymetry, sediment type, sound speed profile, and pulse length. The results
showed that ESL is inversely related to pulse duration and at low frequencies is relatively uninfluenced by
sediment type. When pulse lengths were reduced to less than 1 second, ESL became appreciable ( > 6
dB one way) and was an important segment of the active sonar equation. TL was found to be the
dominating factor in LFA/CLFA operations for pulse lengths greater than 1 second and was greatly
influenced by sediment type and sound speed profile.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS A2246
Electronic acccess:http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341298
Adler, Vance Erick. Digital Processing of Acoustic Signals with Application to an

ASW Signal Processor. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1973. (AD7750383). 102 p.
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif. Dec 1973. 102 p.
Thesis (M.S. in A.E.), Naval Postgraduate School, 1973.
44
Abstract: There is a growing need within the Navy for methods for detecting discrete narrowband
signals in a non-stationary background. This paper concerns itself with the application of digital
processing and spectral analysis techniques toward that goal. The use of the fast Fourier Transform in
estimating the power spectrum of a signal is described. The method involves sectioning the time record,
making 'raw' estimates of the spectrum from these sections, and averaging these 'raw' estimates. It is
shown that more stable estimates are available if the segments are overlapped and an optimum amount
of overlap for the case of the Hanning window is found. It is shown that the stability of these spectral
estimates can be interpreted as processing gain in the case of a discrete narrowband signal in additive
noise. And finally, a brief description of signal detection theory applied to a human observer is presented
to emphasize the flexibility that a human operator can bring to a signal detection system.
Aktan, Zafer Mutlu. Probabilistic Approach to ASW Deployment in Shallow Waters.

Technical Information Service, 1992. (ADA257589). 87p.
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research), Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1992.
Abstract: The Advanced Air Deployable Array (AdDA), which is a modern air-dropped fiber optic ASW
device, provides an opportunity for the rapid enclosure of a hostile submarine in shallow waters. This
thesis explores the effect of the deployment depth, and effect of using longer or shorter AdDA array
segments, on the performance of eighth proposed AdDA deployment tactics which employ single or dual
aircraft. It is shown that when the AdDA sinking rate is considered, several of the proposed tactics
become infeasible for certain depth and submarine speed combinations. Still, today fiber optics offer
unique capabilities for solving some of the U.S. Navy's and the Turkish Navy's problems in the future.
Armo, Knut Rief. The relationship between a submarine's maximum speed and its
evasive capability. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. (ADA382255). 55 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research), Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.
Abstract: The experiences of submarine warfare from WWI and WWII have generally dictated maximum
speed when designing conventional submarines. Technological development of submarine and
antisubmarine weapons, however, requires examination of submarine warfare and tactics. This thesis
focuses on a coastal conventional submarine's ability to survive, as a function of its maximum speed, when
attacked by a light antisubmarine warfare (ASW) torpedo. It also evaluates the maximum speed with which
the submarine should be equipped to ensure a specified probability of survival. The measure of
effectiveness (MOB) is the probability that the submarine, operating up to maximum speed and launching
only one set of countermeasures, is not caught by the torpedo. The investigation builds on a discrete event
simulation model. The systems simulated are a submarine, a light ASW torpedo, and a countermeasure
system consisting of one decoy and four jammers. The results show that maximum speed of a submarine
does affect the submarine's evasive performance between 12 and 18 knots. The simulated model reached
a maximum probability of survival at 18 knots. That result should be regarded as a minimum since a real life
system might require a higher maximum speed to reach its greatest probability of survival.
Electronic access: http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/00Jun_Armo.pdf
Electronic access: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA382255
Arnold, Ronald R. II. Comparison of P-3C Acoustic Processing Capability with

Acoustic Operator Capability. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield,
VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1987. (ADA181635). 57p.
Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1987.
45
Abstract: This thesis sought to determine if the requirements for operation of the acoustic processing
equipment now installed aboard P-3C aircraft is too complex for the acoustic operators, given their
current amount of training. This was accomplished by using a test scenario designed to test for all of the
skills and knowledge required by acoustic operator in the performance of his duties during the passive
portion of the prosecution of a target. The results seem to suggest that the students that successfully
complete the P-3C 'Antisubmarine Warfare Operator' rating training pipeline are acquiring an acceptable
level of operator capability. In addition, this study seems to suggest that fleet operators who are
recognized in fleet squadrons as master journeyman, are operating their ASW acoustic processing
equipment to its fullest capability and without apparent operator deficiencies.
Arnote, Stanley Dean. Consideration of the Carrier-Based Tactical Support Center

Installation Design. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1977. (ADA039352). 49p.
Thesis (M.S. in Systems Tech.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1977.
Abstract: This thesis analyzes the aircraft carrier based Tactical Support Center (CV-TSC) installation
design from a human factors viewpoint. Starting with the threat, the mission of the CV-TSC is defined. A
modular concept between man and machine is developed. Man's role, tasks, and functions are identified
and form the basis for recommended changes to the CV-TSC aboard the USS Constellation (CV-64) and
general recommendations for all CV-TSC installations. (Author)
Aydin, Erhan. Screen Dispositions of Naval Task Forces Against Anti-Ship

Missiles. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
National Technical Information Service, 2000. (ADA377605) 96p.
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.
Abstract: Ship defense in convoy operations against Anti-Surface Missiles (ASM) has been an
important aspect of Naval Warfare for the last two decades. Countries in a state of conflict often conduct
threatening operations in their own territories in order to slow or stop the enemy merchant ship traffic
through the straits or littoral waters. Such littoral scenarios, the quantity and capability of ASM's in non-
NATO countries pose a significant threat to the safe operation of the NATO forces in the waters off of
potentially hostile shores. In these operations the goals of the tactical commander are to design an
optimal reaction platform (formation) and to determine an optimal strategy that will help him in multi-threat
encounters. The scope and design in most anti-air warfare studies have been limited to evaluating the
effectiveness of detecting sensors and weapon systems in a regular screen formation. The proposed
model's (Disposition Mission Model - DMM) characterization, however, is based on how to perform an
effective, defensive disposition from a task force. In DMM we focus on usage of a graphical user interface
and provide a user-friendly environment for analyzing new tactics in screen formations. The model, with
its user interface, allows the user to build and run a convoy simulation, and see the results comparatively
on the same interface. The analysis using this model has yielded significant insights towards the defense
of a convoy by way of regression methods. It has been seen that positioning the escort ships within the
threat sector reduces the damage on the HVU and also balances the defensive load of each defense ship for the
incoming missiles. The model, with its graphical interface and simulation components, provides an initial approach for
future analysts, not only in anti-air warfare defense of screen formations, but also in the areas of anti-surface and
anti-submarine warfare.
Electronic access: http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/00_Aydin.pdf
Bacon, Daniel Keith. Integration of a Submarine into NPSNET. Monterey, CA: Naval
Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information
Service, 1995. (ADA304337). 99p.
Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1995.
46
Abstract: In the current version of NPSNET there are two problems that prevent users or this virtual
environment from achieving a realistic training experience. First, the motion of the vehicles is not built
around realistic, physically based models. In particular, the motion of computer-generated sea-going
vehicles is not based on the hydrodynamic models that reflect the motion of actual ships moving through
water. Second, vehicles in NPSNET are currently controlled by a single individual; they lack the capability
to be controlled by a team. This misrepresents the many actual military vehicles-submarines, tanks,
helicopters, and others- that must be controlled by several people working together. The approach taken
was to update the submersible vehicle class in NPSNET in two ways. A physically-based hydrodynamic
model was used to control the vehicle's motion through the virtual world. In addition, a network
communications protocol was implemented to enable several remote individuals to control the same
vehicle simultaneously. The result of this work is the creation of a computer-generated submersible
vehicle whose motion is determined by a real-time hydrodynamic model so it moves through the virtual
world according to physically based models. This submersible is also capable of being controlled by
several remote individuals-effectively the same team members who would perform the job in the actual
vehicle. This ultimately results in a more realistic user experience as well as a more effective training tool
for NPSNET.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS B1056
Beckes, Michael Edward; Nicholas Pegau Burhans, and Robert Edgar Gump. Passive
Environmental ASW Prediction System (PEAPS). Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1975. (NPS-71BE75031; ADA010813). 170 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1975.
Issued as Naval Postgraduate School Technical Report (NPS-71BE75031) in
conjunction with Alan B. Coppens and Don E. Harrison.
Abstract: PEAPS (Passive Environmental ASW Prediction System) is a relatively unsophisticated model
which accepts input source and receiver parameters and then predicts sound propagation characteristics
in an ocean environment, the corresponding transmission loss, and the probability of detection. The
program was written for a programmable desk-top calculator for immediate deployment and operational
testing aboard small ASW platforms. The program is also available in a form suitable for larger
computers.
Bjorklund, Bruce R. Probabilistic Observations on Antisubmarine Warfare Tactical

Decision Aid (ASWTDA). Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) -- Naval Postgraduate School, March 1990.
Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to examine the methodology used in the Antisubmarine Warfare
Tactical Decision Aid (ASWTDA) in development by Sonalysts, Incorporated of Waterford, Connecticut
under Navy contract. ASWTDA is a Computer Assisted Search (CAS) program which is designed as a
tool to assist platform, unit or force commanders afloat and ashore in making tactical ASW decisions.
First, a Classical Computer Assisted Search program is described as a basis of comparison for the
methodology employed in ASWTDA. Then, the operations as performed in ASWTDA are described,
followed by a probabilistic analysis. In the analysis sections, probabilistic support for the applied
methodology is provided where applicable, and conceptual problems and possible solutions are cited
where appropriate. Keywords: Target motion, Probabilistic analysis. (kr)
Bliss, John Robert. Modification of the TASDA Computer Program for Inflight Use.
Technical Information Service, 1973. (AD769831). 195 p.
47
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1973.
Abstract: TASDA, acronym for Tactical Airborne Sonar Decision Aid, is a computer simulation designed
to select optimum sonobuoy pattern spacings given enviornmental parameters and submarine mode of
operation. The program was designed to operate in a Tactical Support Center for briefing of flight crew
personnel. Analytical methods and statistical models are used to investigate the TASDA program with a
view towards modifying it for future aircraft inflight utilization. Some improvements are made to the
TASDA model which reduce program run time and core storage requirements. A modified version of the
TASDA program is developed as an initial step toward an inflight model. (Author)
Bobbitt, Richard B. Escape Strategies for Turboprop Aircraft in a Microburst

Windshear. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
National Technical Information Service, 1991. (ADA243090). 247 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1991.
Abstract: A quantitative analysis was carried out on the performance of turboprop aircraft within a
microburst windshear. The objective of the analysis was to provide specific flight procedures for optimal
navigation through the windshear. The microburst windshear model uses in the analysis embodied the
severe characteristics of the microburst encountered by Delta Flight 191 during an approach to landing at
Dallas/Ft. Worth, 2 August 1985. Different escape strategies were tested using the flight performance
characteristics of the U.S. Navy's P-3 'Orion' and T-44 'Pegasus' aircraft. The three flight phases
investigated were approach to landing, takeoff, and the low altitude ASW mission. Results from the
analysis were coupled with the pilot's view point from which conclusions were drawn. The results of the
analysis support a constant-pitch-angle escape procedure. The same procedural steps can be used for
both aircraft in any configuration or situation with the difference being the degree of pitch to employ. The
conclusions are in a format for integrating specific microburst escape procedures within the NATOPS
programs for the P-3 and T-44.
Boice, Frank B. Probability Model for a Convoy Threatened by a Submarine

Launched Missile. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)-- Naval Postgraduate School, 1965.
Abstract: The advent of the missile firing submarine has added yet another dimension to the problem of
defending convoys and task groups during ocean transit. The specific situation wherein the submarine
must surface to fire a relatively short range missile against a convoy of ships is considered. The model
developed considers several different problem parameters. It enables the calculation of probability of
detection of the submarine, probability of killing the submarine before a particular missile is fired, and the
expected number of missiles that the submarine will fire. Selected results from randomly selected
parameter values are also presented. (Author)
Bond, Charles Pruitt, King; Burnett, Howard Burnett.; Grehawick, Gregory Daniel. An
Analysis of the Utilization of the In-Flight Technician in the P3C Community.
Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1975.
Abstract: This thesis investigated the number of In-Flight-Technicians assigned to a Navy P3C
squadron, their contributions to the squadron's ASW capability in their dual roles as in-flight and ground
repairmen, and the adequacy of the In-Flight-Maintenance-Kit. Tradeoffs between the number of In-Flight
Technicians and ground avionics workers were evaluated as were various methods of the In-Flight
Technician's ground and airborne utilization. Potential benefits associated with In-Flight Technician
48
assignment to Intermediate and Depot Level maintenance activities were also examined. The In-Flight
Technician's contributions to the squadron's ASW capability were measured in Equivalent Aircraft Units
which were a function of how many repairs were corrected and the impact on ASW capability of the
systems repaired. (Author)
Breemer, Jan S. Anti-Submarine Warfare: A Strategy Primer. Monterey, CA: Naval

Service, 1988. (NPS-56-88-014; ADA199554). 20 p.
Abstract: This report reviews the naval planner's basic menu of operational anti submarine warfare
(ASW) strategical choices. Basic ASW strategies, discussed from a historical perspective, are: (1)
destruction of the submarine (2) containment of the submarine, and (3) limiting the submarine's efficiency.
The report has been prepared for inclusion in the International Military and Defense Encyclopedia
(IMADE), scheduled for publication by Pergamon-Brassey's in 1991-92.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 208.14/2:NPS-56-88-01
Brennan, Peter J. Analysis of the Manpower Costs Associated with the Helicopter
Air Wing Commander Concept. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998.
(ADA343363). 120 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1998.
Abstract: This thesis presents an analysis and comparison of manpower costs of three options for the
United States Navy Helicopter force structure through the year 2020. The first option, the basic plan,
leaves the force structure as it is today. The second option assumes the mission to support the Military
Sealift Command (MSC) is outsourced and combines the Helicopter Combat Support (HC) and Helicopter
Antisubmarine Warfare (HS) communities into a community referred to as HSC. The third option realigns
the force along missions performed by the SH-60Bs and CH-60 under a Helicopter Air Wing Commander
(HAWC). All three options support the requirements set forth in the Helo Master Plan (HMP) and are
based on the acquisition of the CH-60 helicopter along with the upgrade of all SH-60Bs and SH-60Fs to
SH-60Rs. The analysis involved developing manning levels, by pay grade, for the three options and
deterniining the differences in those manning levels. Manpower costs were allocated to the total
personnel requirements, and differences in costs among the options were calculated.
Brownsberger, Nicholas Mason. Estimation of Sonobuoy Position Relative to an

Aircraft Using Extended Kalman Filters. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(ADA078280). 151 p.
Thesis (M.S. in A.E. and Degree of A.E.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1979.
Abstract: In airborne antisubmarine warfare there is a need to more accurately determine the positions
of sonobuoys on the surface of the water. This report develops two algorithms which employ extended
Kalman filters to determine estimated position. The bearing from the aircraft to the sonobuoy is the
primary measurement. Range information is not available. The first algorithm is a six-state filter which was
reduced from the 13-state system developed by the Orincon Corporation. Its states include relative
position, relative velocity, and inertial misalignments. The second algorithm includes two cascaded
Kalman filters. The primary two-state filters etimates sonobuoy position. A secondary filter estimates drift
from information obtained from the primary filter. Both algorithms successfully estimated sonobuoy
position for simulated aircraft data. The effect of aircraft-to-sonobuoy range, the frequency of
measurement, and changes in altitude are also analyzed. (Author)
49
Brownsweiger, Jeffrey Scott. S-3 Viking Weapon System Improvement Program:
Financial Management Implications. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(ADA247150) 55 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 1990.
Abstract: In response to recent significant improvements in soviet Submarine Technologies the Navy
developed the Weapon System Improvement Program for the S-3A Viking. This program is an example of
the dynamic nature of the environment within which the program manager operates. It provides the
program manager with little control over certain events and the effects they have on their programs. An
effective program manager will realize these limitations exist and attempt to strategically and flexibly
manage the resources available to him as effectively and efficiently as his/her political environment will
allow. However, this sometime happens at the expense of contractor inefficiencies and at a higher cost to
the Government. In the DOD/DON world of scarce resources a thorough analysis of the competitive
environment may provide useful insight into the S-3 Program Office and their efforts to complete the S-3
WSIP.
Bush, John Richard. Aviation Squadron Organization Development of the Navy's

Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) Mk III. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1981. (NPS-54-81-017, ADA113863). 183 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1981. Also issued as Naval
Postgraduate School Technical Report (NPS-54-81-017).
Abstract: This paper examines the evolution of the U.S. Navy's SH-6OB, LAMPS Mk III aircraft and
squadron methodology. It analyzes current HSL organization design and introduces alternative
organization structures to support this new helicopter community when it is introduced in the fleet in 1983-
84. It begins with a statement of the issue which includes a concise historical overview of the LAMPS
program and discusses its tactical and support missions. It next examines the conventional naval air
squadron organization methodology from which LAMPS squadrons are designed and manned. A
statistical analysis of operational fleet HSL squadrons is presented which concludes that conventional
squadron design methodology does not support the unique LAMPS community. Four general alternative
organization models are proposed followed by a discussion of the possible utilization of the Naval Flight
Officer in the LAMPS System. The paper concludes with a summary of the proposals from which
organization redesign may result and offers recommendations to that process. (Author)
Buterbaugh, Thomas A. Multivariate Analysis of the Effects of Academic

Performance and Graduate Education on the Promotion of Senior U.S. Navy
Officers. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1995
Abstract: This thesis develops multivariate models to estimate the effects of undergraduate academic
performance and fully-funded graduate education on promotion to the ranks of Commander (0-5) and
Captain (0-6) in the U. S. Navy. Using data extracted from the Officer Promotion History Files, two sample
populations were selected for analysis: officers who appeared before the Commander promotion boards
between fiscal years 1981 and 1994, and those who appeared before the Captain promotion boards
during this same period. These data sets were further categorized into five warfare communities and two
separate time periods; the period between 1981-1989 (the pre-drawdown), and the period between 1990-
1994 (the drawdown). Ordinary least squares (OLS) and maximum likelihood log it regression models
were employed to estimate the probability of being promoted to these two ranks. The findings reveal that
50
graduate education and academic performance have positive effects on promotion probability for some,
but not all, of the communities over the various time periods. Recommendations for further study are
included.
Cagle, Clifford Monroe. An Application of Multidimensional Scaling to the

Prioritization of Decision Aids in the S-3A. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
School; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 980.
(ADA092405). 134 p.
Abstract: This thesis presents an application of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) used in the
prioritization of ASW decision functions in the S-3A. The ASW decision space was divided into 14
discrete decision functions for the purposes of this analysis. The problem of developing a prioritization
methodology was approached from two independent directions. First, an unconstrained sorting task was
preformed to provide input to Multidimensional Scaling algorithm. The result of this analysis provided a
three dimensional representation of the decision space with dimensional interpretation. Second, a series
of ranking tasks were preformed to provide input to an Unfolding Analysis algorithm. The Generalized
Distance Model was selected as the model most representative of the ranking data. The decision function
coordinates for the MDS algorithm and the decision function coefficients for the Unfolding Analysis
algorithm were combined in a regression-like equation to provide a prioritization methodology for the 14
decision functions of the S-3A ASW decision space.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS C169
Cahill, David Blake. Tactical Display of CZ Propagation Area. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1977. (ADA042173). 36 p.
Abstract: The need for an enhanced display of the geographic distribution convergence-zone
propagation in a region of shallow and variable bottom topography is demonstrated. A preliminary display
is generated utilizing point-by-point computer processing of the convergence-zone minimum depth
requirements with a large bathymetric data base for a region north of the Azores. The trade-offs between
the accuracy of the preliminary output and cost (computer time and space) are discussed.
Caldwell, James F. Jr. Investigation and Implementation of an Algorithm for

Computing Optimal Search Paths. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(ADA185927). 88 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Operatons Research) Naval Postgraduate School, Sep. 1987.
Abstract: A moving target is detected at long range with an initial position given by a probability
distribution on a grid of N cells. Also located on the grid is a searcher, constrained by speed, who must
find an optimal search path in order to minimize the probability of target survival by time T. A branch-and-
bound algorithm designed by Professors Eagle and Yee of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey,
California, is successfully implemented in order to solve this problem. Within the algorithm, the problem is
set up as a nonlinear optimization of a convex objective function subject to the flow constraints of an
acyclic N x T network. Lower bounds are obtained via the Frank-Wolfe method of solution specialized for
acyclic networks. This technique relies on linearization of the objective function to yield a shortest path
problem that is solvable by dynamic programming. For each iteration, the lower bound can be found by
use of a Taylor first order approximation. Implementation of this algorithm is accomplished by the use of a
Fortran program which is run for several test cases. The characteristics of the solution procedure as well
as program results are discussed in detail. Finally, some real world applications along with several
51
questions requiring further research are proposed. Keywords: Thesis; Integer programming;
Antisubmarine warfare.
Calvano, Charles N., Robert C. Harney, David Wickersham, Ioannis Farsaris, Philip
Malone, David Ruley and Nathan York. Surface Warfare Test Ship Design.
Technical Information Service, 2000. (NPS-ME-00-001; ADA374332). 260 p.
Abstract: A systems engineering approach to the design of a ship conversion to satisfy the
requirements for a Surface Warfare Test Ship (SWTS) to be employed by the Port Hueneme Division of
the Naval Surface Warfare Center is presented. The ship described would meet test needs for future
weapons and sensor systems and provide limited test capability for future hull, mechanical and electrical
systems. The current Self Defense Test Ship is over 45 years old, approaching the end of its useful life. A
conversion of a decommissioned SPRUANCE (DD 963) class ship is the basis for the replacement
Surface Warfare Test Ship. The study proceeds from mission needs and operational requirements
through a functional analysis and study of threat weapons to be employed against the SWTS. After
summarizing the characteristics of a SPRUANCE Class ship, the study reports an analysis of four
alternative conversion schemes. The alternatives are described, with the rationale for choosing that
considered best. The chosen alternative is then described and analyzed in several important areas of
concern including combat systems functionality, signature characteristics, engineering plant and
habitability for test personnel. The fitness of the proposed design for several special evolutions is also
described, and alternatives for further enhancing performance are presented.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 208.14/2:NPS-ME-00-001
Cary, Steven H. Use of the Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100 Computer for Combat
Modeling. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, 1986.
Abstract: The primary purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate some principles of combat modeling
using programs for the Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100 computer. In addition to the combat modeling,
the thesis includes several utility programs for the M100 of interest to students of operations analysis. The
combat modeling programs include an antisubmarine warfare (ASW) detection simulation, a Kalman filter,
and a Lanchester differential equation simulation. The utility programs include a matrix algebra program,
a numerical double integration program for zero degree of difficulty problems. The integration program is
also written as a subroutine that can be included in other programs. The matrix algebra includes a
simultaneous linear equation solving subroutine which can be used in other programs. All programs are
written in M100 BASIC. Documentation includes an explanation of the input required, the output
produced, and the components of each program, and sample problems. The chapter on geometric
programming includes a tutorial on the mathematical basis for that technique. (Author)
Chang, Peng-tso. Evaluation and Improvement of the ASW System Evaluation

Tool. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1992.
Abstract: The Antisubmarine Warfare System Evaluation Tool (ASSET) is a generic high-level
antisubmarine warfare (ASW) modeling tool, designed to aid ASW personnel in the development and
refinement of ASW top-level warfare requirements and the ASW Master Plan. The primary objective of
this thesis is to analyze and implement the improvements suggested in previous evaluations of various
sub-areas of ASSET. The glimpse rate model for submarine detection used in ASSET has been
52
substituted with compound Lambda-Sigma jump model. There is a different target radiated frequency in
each environmental region. Each target will have its own detection rate to reflect the differences in its
operating characteristics. Multiple engagements between platforms are used to eliminate the limitations of
interaction between opponent platforms. The glimpse rate model is used to determine detection
opportunities of maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) and to approximate a continuous-looking sensor pattern. A
different criterion of selecting search probability area (SPA) and MPA pairs using the ratio of MPA's time
on-station over the SPA size was implemented. The feasibility of converting current ASSET code to
CLOS was investigated. In addition, part of the code was converted to CLOS.
Channell, Ralph Norman. Naval Model Priorities for RAND Strategy Assessment
System. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
National Technical Information Service, 1988. (NPS-56-88-023, ADA204851). 24 p.
Abstract: This paper discusses specific accomplishments and problems regarding naval models in the
RAND Strategy Assessment System (RSAS), and makes recommendations for priorities desired by the
Naval Postgraduate School in the RAND program for FY 89. Emphasis is on the improvements needed to
conduct research on the inter-relationship between warfare at sea and the war ashore. Partial Contents:
Naval Warfare Priorities- Carrier Battle Group Improvements; Nuclear Forces; Antisubmarine Warfare;
Strategic Lift - Sea; Ocean Surveillance; Amphibious Warfare; Mine Warfare; Logistics. (kr)
Chuan, Edmund Cheong Kong. A Helicopter Submarine Search Game. Monterey,

CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical
Information Service, 1988. (ADA201212). 56 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1988.
Abstract: This thesis examines a two-person zero sum game where a submarine, after revealing his
position by causing a flaming datum, is hunted by a helicopter which arrives on the scene after a time
delay. Various helicopter and submarine strategies are explored and simulation runs are used to
determine the detection probability (payoffs) for each combination of helicopter and submarine strategy.
The value of the game (detection probability) with the related optimal strategies is then obtained using
linear programming. A modified random search equation is also derived using probabilities of detection
obtained from different combinations of parameters used in the game. Similar and related games are also
discussed with emphasis on the differences in assumptions made and approaches taken in order to solve
the problem. (sdw)
Ciboci, John William. Verification of Mazeika's Method of Thermocline Depth

Prediction for the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(AD803657). 65 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1966.
Abstract: Mazeika's method for forecasting mixed-layer (thermocline) depth of the upper ocean layers is
discussed along with a newer version of this method developed by James. Using Mazeika's method
primarily, a verification for the Northeast Pacific Ocean was completed with data from Ocean Weather
Stations PAPA (50N, 145W) and NOVEMBER (30N, 140W) and a point named MIDPOINT (40N, 140W).
The results indicate Mazeika's method is successful at Station PAPA more than seventy five percent of
the time during the heating season followed by a rapid decline as the cooling season begins. The method
should be useful in the entire Central Subarctic Domain as described by John P. Tully. The method fails
at NOVEMBER and MIDPOINT producing less than thirty percent success in prediction. James' version
did not improve the results obtained at Station NOVEMBER. This failure appears to be due to the
controlling parameters for processes in the Subtropic or Transitional oceanographic regions (which
include NOVEMBER and MIDPOINT); these differ from parameters controlling oceanic processes in the
53
Pacific Subarctic region (Station PAPA), which resemble those involved in the Atlantic region for which
Mazeika's method was developed. Climatology data which can be used to obtain surface and 400-foot
level temperature are also tested. The results indicate these data are very useful and accurate in
determining the stability index required of Mazeika's method.
Coleman, Richard Lewis. Barrier Search. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(AD787368). 50 p.
Abstract: Simulation generated probabilities for an Anti-Submarine Barrier composed of submarines are
examined from a statistical viewpoint. A probabilistic model which is not generally considered to be
applicable to this case is demonstrated to be statistically supported. The applicability of the model is
justified probabilistically. A statistical estimating relationship is then developed to estimate the sole input
parameter from submarine FIGURE-OF-MERIT.
Conner, George W.; Mark A. Ehlersa and Kneale T. Marshall. Countering Short
Range Ballistic Missiles. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. (NPSOR-93-009,
ADA261056). 36 p.
Abstract: Concepts commonly found in ASW search are used to model the flow and detect mobile
launchers for short range ballistic missiles. Emphasis is on detection and destruction of the launcher
before launch. The benefit of prehostility intelligence and pre-missile-launch prosecution, the backbone of
successful ASW, is revealed through the analysis of a circulation model which reflects the standard
operations of a third world mobile missile launcher during hostilities. A decision model is constructed and
analyzed to give insight into the development of pre-hostility intelligence policies.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 208.14/2:NPS-OR-93-009
Conner, Hilton L. Application of Color-Coding in Airborne Tactical Displays.

Thesis (M.S. in Systems Tech.) Naval Postgraduate School, 1979.
Abstract: This thesis analyzes the operational environment and task variables of the Tactical
Coordinator in the S-3A for possible application of color coding in the display symbology in the multi-
Purpose display. Beginning with the ASW threat to the carrier force under the CV concept, the missions
of the S-3A are presented. The roles, tasks and functions of the Tactical Coordinator are identified and
form the basis for an analysis of the need of color in airborne displays. Current display design
requirements and discrepancies in the S-3A are discussed as a basis for areas of color application. Color
research recently conducted is reviewed with the results directed toward the symbology currently used in
airborne displays. (Author)
Coppens, Alan B. and James V.Sanders. An Introduction to the Sonar Equations

with Applications. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1976. (NPS-61SD76071,
ADA030034). 124 p.
Abstract: This report provides an introduction to the SONAR equations for those interested in
underwater sound as applied to ASW but lacking either the mathematical background or the time for a
more rigorous presentation. Earlier versions of these notes were developed for Continuing Education
54
courses presented at Moffett Field, California, and Naval Torpedo Station, Washington. Additionally,
these notes have been in demand for certain courses at the Naval Postgraduate School. While this is the
text for these courses and should be supplemented by lectures, we have attempted to design the material
so that it is reasonably self-explanatory, communicating many of the essential concepts without requiring
extensive verbal amplification. The unusual format has been deliberately chosen to facilitate these goals,
and our experiences in presenting these materials have seemed to justify this choice. It is assumed that
the reader has some familiarity with trigonometric functions and either has or will develop with the aid of
the appendix the facility of handling scientific notation and logarithmic operations. (Author)
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VK388 .C7
________, Harvey Arnold Dahl and James V. Sanders. An Introduction to the Sonar
Equations with Applications (Revised). Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1979. (NPS-61-
79-006, ADA071133). 144 p.
Revision of Rept. no. NPS-61SD-76-071, ADA030034.
Abstract: This report provides an introduction to the Sonar equations for those interested in underwater
sound as applied to ASW but lacking either the mathematical background or the time for a more rigorous
presentation. While this material should be supplemented by lectures or a study guide, we have
attempted to design the material so that it is reasonably self-explanatory, communicating many of the
essentials concepts without requiring extensive verbal amplification. The unusual format has been
deliberately chosen to facilitate these goals, and our experiences in presenting these materials have
seemed to justify this choice. It is assumed that the reader has some familiarity with trigonometric
functions and either has or will develop will the aid of the appendix the facility of handling scientific
notation and logarithmic operations.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VK388 .C71
Cox, Stephen A. Satellite Applications to Acoustic Prediction Systems. Monterey,

Information Service, 1982. (NPS68-82-005, ADA125027). 151 p.
Also issued as Naval Postgraduate School Technical Report NPS68-82-005.
Abstract: Predicting the thermal structure of the oceans is of importance to the Naval tactician,
logistician, or search and rescue coordinator. Understanding the structure of the oceans provides
valuable insights to those who must utilize the oceanic environment effectively in their day to day
operations. Today, recent information about an area is limited to point observations of single
bathythermographs. Few models produce an accurate picture of the ocean environment that can be used
for updating tactics to conform to a changing situation. Producing a reliable prediction of conditions for a
large area, while using limited resources, is the basic objective of this paper. Satellite infrared imaging of
the ocean surface has been used effectively to map sea surface temperature patterns. Such sea surface
temperature patterns can be used, along with climatology, to identify subsurface thermal structure in an
ocean area according to results of this study. More accurate inputs can be made to range dependent
acoustic prediction models, thus improving the antisubmarine warfare environmental predictions available
to fleet users.
Coyle, Gary Leonard. An Antisubmarine Warfare Training War Game. Monterey,

Abstract: The employment of manual tactical gaming in a training environment is discussed, outlining
the advantages and disadvantages of this method of training in the context of shipboard requirements. A
55
two-sided, manual tactical war game is described and rules provided for play of the game. The utility of
the game in assisting Commanding Officers and Training Officers in training junior officers using the
Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS) System is described, with recommendations for further use of the
game as a possible tactical training tool.
Craigie, Kyle M. Assessment of Atmospheric Influence on Surveillance Radar

Performance in Littoral Zones. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(ADA273045). 87 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering (Electronic Warfare)) Naval Postgraduate School,
Sept. 1993.
Abstract: Acoustic sensors, traditionally thought of as the mainstay of modem ASW's means of
detection and localization, are rapidly becoming secondary in the littoral zones to active sensors such as
radar. The coastal region has a dynamic meteorological environment dominated by surface and near-
surface ducts which influence sea clutter. Accurate, timely description of the effects this changing
environment has on sensor performance is mandatory for the ASW tactitician to utilize his sensors. The
Radio Physics Optics (RPO) program and the Engineer's Refractive Effects Prediction System (EPEPS)
are used to evaluate influence of a measured environment. Both prediction systems are then applied to a
Gulf of Oman winter environmental profile with five generic radars operating parameters. EREPS is used
to evaluate factors affecting Wallops Flight Facility Space and Ranging Radar (SPANDAR) detected sea
clutter in the littoral zone off the United States East Coast.
Crawford, Bruce W. Analysis of the Effectiveness Evaluation Process for VP

Antisubmarine Warfare Fleet Replacement Squadron Aircrew Training. Monterey,
Abstract: During January 1979 VP-31, the West Cost P-3 Fleet Replacement Squadron, implemented
an Instructional System Development based training program. Due to monetary, manpower, and time
constraints, the evaluation phase of the new training program was not completely developed or
implemented. This thesis examines the current status of the external evaluation portion of the new
training program in an attempt to determine the feasibility of its completion and implementation. The
external evaluation plan is related to the Interservice Procedures for Instructional System Development
Model. From this analysis, a better understanding of the plan is gained and recommendations for an
improved external evaluation program and training system are presented. (Author)
Crawford, Frederick Roberts. Submarine Radiated Noise Far-Field Beam Patterns

for Discrete Frequencies from Near-Field Measurements. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1975. (ADA020106). 47 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Eng. Acoustics)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1975.
Abstract: A theoretical model was developed which can predict discrete frequency far-field radiation
patterns of submerged submarines from near-field measurements. The model developed uses the
Helmholtz integral equation and the assumptions of the DRL method of near-field measurements. The
DRL working formula is further modified by using a plane surface of integration and restricting the far-field
points of interest to a horizontal plane containing the source. These assumptions and restrictions lead to
a mathematical solution of the Helmholtz equation which is in the form of a Fourier transform. Near-field
measurements on a horn speaker in an anechoic chamber were taken and the far-field beam pattern
56
predicted by the model developed, using a simple computer program containing a Fourier transform
routine. Computed beam patterns were in satisfactory agreement with measured far-field beam patterns,
errors being concentrated in the outer side lobes from the acoustic axis. Problems which would be
encountered in applying this model to at sea acoustic measurements are discussed.
Criswell, Philip W. Evaluation of the ASSET Campaign Model in a Regional

Antisubmarine Warfare Context. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(ADA257625). 86 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1992.
Abstract: This thesis looks at the Antisubmarine Warfare Systems Evaluation Tool (ASSET), written by
Metron, Incorporated for OP-71, and how it relates to a current threat environment. ASSET is a campaign
level ASW Monte-Carlo simulation intended for developing ASW Master Plans, top-level war fighting
requirements (TLWRs), appraisals, and assessments. ASSET, delivered in 1990, was written from a U.S.-
Soviet conflict perspective, and needs some restructuring to be able to provide conflict Measures of
Effectiveness using platforms that are expected in a regional war. Included as suggested improvements
are: a conventional submarine addition with major emphasis on power plant abilities and limitations,
improvements to the surface group-submarine interaction; and improvements and additions to the
methods of detection available to the objects in simulation.
Curley, Richard Charles. A Sonar Detection Model. Monterey, CA: Naval

Service, 1971. (AD728580). 58 p.
Abstract: The report modifies an existing sonar range prediction model for the AN/SQS-23 in such a
manner as to attain detection range data in consonance with exercises from which the original data was
extracted. It also shows personnel a method for incorporating more than one ship in the model. This
model will assist users in ascertaining the number of units required to perform a given antisubmarine task.
(Author)
Daly, Daniel Gerald. Limited Analysis of Some Nonacoustic Antisubmarine

Warfare Systems. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1994.
Abstract: The problem of Anti-Submarine Warfare early in the next century is examined. Nonacoustic
detection methods including magnetic anomaly detection, laser radar, and hydrodynamic detection are
examined. A simple analysis of their relative effectiveness is made.
Dassler, Dale M. Jr. Naval Ship Utility: The Soviet Perspective. Monterey, CA:
Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, Decmeber 1986.
Abstract: This thesis critically reviews twenty-two articles from the Soviet Naval Digest, Morskoy
Sbornik, dealing with a wide spectrum of measures of effectiveness such as individual time efficiency,
ASW search effectiveness, command decision efficiency, effectiveness of A SW training, measures of
force control, and others. These Soviet measures of effectiveness are categorized by level of combat
57
action. Although there is some question about the specific Soviet meaning of the translations, this thesis
uses the translator's rendering of the basic units of Soviet Naval organization; individual, subunit
(podrazdeleniye), unit (chast'), and force (soyedineniye). The levels of combat action above force
(generally agreed to be named front (front), and TVD (Teatr Voyennykh Deystviy), are not included in this
study. The articles illustrate the Soviet tendency to organize their operations research along the same
lines as the units of naval organization and indicate that the most basic measure of naval ship utility is
combat effectiveness. (Author)
Davis, William Oris And Paul Howard Donaldson. Signal Processing for
Antisubmarine Warfare. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Abstract: Signal Processing for Antisubmarine Warfare is a short course in electrical signal processing
fundamentals and their applications in the field of antisubmarine warfare. It contains an introduction to
Fourier transforms and their properties, sampling and quantization, filters and bandwidth requirements,
random signals and noise, and an introduction to four types of processing equipment; the DELTIC,
energy detectors, correlation detectors, and beamformers. Course objectives are given in terms of
specific questions which a person completing the course should be able to answer. The course text and
illustrative material is contained in the appendix to the thesis. The course is designed to be presented in
the Fleet to the personnel involved with the operation and employment of detection equipment to provide
them a better understanding of the operations accomplished by their equipment and to develop in them a
better appreciation of the problems and limitations associated with signal detection in the antisubmarine
warfare environment.
Deffenbaugh, Robert M. Investigation of the Statistical Decision Process for Anti-

Submarine Warfare Tactical Decisions. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(AD481269). 54 p.
Abstract: An application of the statistical decision process to the problem of ASW tactical decision is
investigated. The Bayesian decision process is utilized. The basic ASW decision problem with emphasis
on the uncertainty aspect of a possible submarine contact is analyzed. A mechanism is developed to
formally connect the general problem areas.
DeLateur, Robert Emmett. Job Enrichment in Antisubmarine Warfare. Monterey,

Abstract: Since the all volunteer force came into being, retention of military personnel beyond their first
enlistment has become an increasingly important problem, especially for the U.S. Navy. Yearly retention
conferences have been held for the purpose of developing plans to reduce turnover. The results of the
latest conference brought the focus of attention to better leadership and management training of U.S.
Navy personnel. Among the techniques that deals with the problems of absenteeism and turnover is job
enrichment. The main thrust of job enrichment is to increase retention by increasing work satisfaction. Job
enrichment as a management technique focuses on the basics of employee motivation and work
behaviors. It aids the managers in identifying the components which comprise a job, and enables them to
determine satisfying components that can be enhanced and dissatisfying components that can be
diminished or eliminated.
58
Devereux, Francis A. SEATAG Extension. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate

(ADA117560). 73 p.
Abstract: The SEATAG EXTENSION will revise and suggest optional and alternative rules for the game
SEATAG: A Sea Control Tactical Analysis Game. Alternative rules are proposed for damage assessment,
detection, classification, targeting, weapon's effectiveness, and ASMD close in weapon systems. Air-to-air
combat tables have been revised to include the latest additions to both the United States and Soviet
naval aircraft inventories. Optional rules will incorporate electronic warfare, battle damage repairs,
miniature ship model combat, and use of the Tomahawk cruise missile.
Diamandopoulos, Fanourios P. Optimal Deployment Angles for the Air-Dropped

Undersea Warfare Cable in Shallow Water. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA280484). 56 p.
Abstract: The Advanced Air Deployable Array (AdDA) is an air-dropped undersea warfare device for
detection of an enemy submarine in the shallow waters region. Previous studies have introduced six
tactical deployment methods by C-130 aircraft. This thesis addresses one of the methods, called Bound
the Expanding Farthest-On Circle. Changes in deployment rules are suggested, and feasibility conditions
identified. A model is developed showing how the isolation area where the submarine is to be contained,
and the number of needed array segments, can be reduced. Also, as the main work of this study, the
effective deployment angles for successive AdDA cable are determined for C-130 pilots. Today these
cables, because of their advantages and great utility, can give unique solutions in shallow water tactical
operations.
Dougherty, William A. Computer Simulation for the Comparison of ASW Vehicles.

Abstract: A method is developed to analyze and compare the effectiveness of ASW vehicles. The
measure of effectiveness is the probability that the vehicle, after detecting a submarine with passive
sensors, can transit to the contact area and re-establish contact with the submarine. A computer
simulation is developed and an example using three hypothetical ASW vehicles is illustrated. (Author)
Dunston, Mary Cottrell. Study of the Effect of Design Parameter Variation on

Predicted Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Performance. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA204856). 103 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 1988.
Abstract: There is currently little data available for trend analyses of tilt-rotor aircraft performance. This
study analyzed the sensitivity of predicted tilt-rotor performance to variations in six design parameters:
disk loading, tip speed, solidity, download, wing loading, and wing thickness ratio. Two mission profiles
were analyzed: A combat search-and-rescue mission and an antisubmarine warfare mission. A tilt-rotor
preliminary design code was used to perform computer simulations; and data available from independent
59
tests completed by NASA and the military were encoded in the input data decks. Results were presented
as graphs of performance aspects plotted against the parameters varied. Because the study was a trend
analysis, no specific conclusions were drawn but a summary was made of the more significant results. It
is hoped that the results of this project can serve as a guide to preliminary selection of design parameters
for tilt-rotor configurations that would be suitable for a broad range of military and civil applications.
Eagle, James N. Partial Evaluation of the Integrated Tactical Decision Aid (ITDA)
National Technical Information Service, 1986. (NPS55-86-026, ADA176296). 22 p.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Dept. of Operations Research.
Abstract: The purpose of this technical report is twofold: 1)to critically examine the ITDA ASW barrier
and area search models for mathematic accuracy and modelling reasonableness, and 2) to report on the
use of ITDA programs on USS CARL VINSON (CVN 70) during a 16 day period of high intensity, exercise
operations.
Ellis, John Richard. Design and Evaluation of a Sonobuoy Ranging System.

Thesis (M.S. in E.E.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1970.
Abstract: Airborne anti-submarine warfare operations require a means of precise tactical navigation
relative to an air-dropped sonobuoy pattern. Advantages and disadvantages of navigational techniques
which could be used to solve this problem are discussed. An analysis is made of a previously proposed
method to solve this problem by sonobuoy ranging concepts. The design of a prototype sonobuoy ranging
system is described, and a preliminary evaluation is made of the accuracy of the prototype system.
(Author)
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS E397
Farris, Christy Lee and Neil John Gaffney. Consideration of the Carrier-Based
Tactical Support Center Design. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(ADA025434). 134 p.
Abstract: This joint thesis analyzes the carrier-based Tactical Support Center (CV-TSC) design from a
human factors engineering view-point. Beginning with the ASW threat to the carrier force under the CV
concept, a definition of the mission of the CV/TSC is presented. System functions are identified and
developed into man-machine relationships of the CV/TSC. A comprehensive, albeit general, description
of TSC components is included as part of the system analysis. Man's role, functions and tasks in the
CV/TSC are identified and form the basis for alternatives to the current TSC display/control console.
(Author)
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS F234
Feustel, Richard D. A Joint Campaign Analysis Approach to Antisubmarine

Warfare Using a Circulation Model Template. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA322913). 133 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1996.
Abstract: To enhance insight into a war at sea, a general, aggregated and highly flexible model of the
ASW campaign is offered. This thesis provides a simple and usable circulation model template. The
60
generality and simplicity of the model allows for 'jointization' of an ASW campaign by allowing the user to
utilize other resources to define the force mix. The model is designed, first and foremost, to examine the
change in the marginal effectiveness of friendly ASW forces due to changes in force level, mix,
effectiveness, and employment strategies. The model is keyed to the interaction of a threat submarine
with friendly ASW forces and merchant or military shipping. Specific features of the model provide for four
unique attack regimes. The in port and operational regimes control friendly attacks on a daily basis while
the outbound and inbound regimes control barriers by events. The campaign model is a deliverable
product programmed using Borland(registered) Delphi for use in Microsoft Windows.
Fisher, Rory H. Variability and Sensitivity of Coupled Mixed Layer-Acoustic Model

Systems. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
National Technical Information Service, 1981. (NPS68-81-002, ADA114302). 124 p.
Also issued as Naval Postgraduate School Technical Report NPS-68-81-002 in
conjunction with Calvin R. Dunlap and Roland W. Garwood.
Abstract: This study is the first reported analysis of coupled mixed layer-acoustic model systems. This
analysis emphasizes the performance of the combined systems rather than the acoustic or ocean models
separately. Acoustic variability of the coupled model systems was studied in terms of the median
detection range (MDR). Synoptic time variations of MDR as a function of figure of merit, frequency and
receiver depth were analyzed during the month of May 1980 at OWS 'Papa' in order to provide a better
insight into the operational capabilities of model systems to accurately represent the actual oceanic
variability. The results of this limited analysis revealed that the model systems displayed more day-to-day
acoustic (MDR) variability than did direct environmental input(BT). The capability to accurately model the
thermal structure was reviewed with the following results. No significant correlation was observed betwen
the EOTS model and the actual BT mixed layer depths while there appeared to be a strong positive
correlation between the ODT model (driven by atmospheric forcing) and the BT mixed layer depths.
Moreover, a possible lag of two days was observed in the EOTS model mixed layer depth relative to the
observed mixed layer depth time series.
Forrest, R. N. and James N. Eagle. Empirical Analysis of a Submarine Motion

Model. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School Antisubmarine Warfare Academic
Group.; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1991.
(NPS-AW-91-002, ADA242342). 93 p.
Abstract: This report describes an empirical analysis of a motion model that has been used to generate
random submarine tracks for an antisubmarine warfare tactical decision aid. The model describes a
submarine's motion as a series of transitions between the square cells of a grid that covers a defined
operating region. A 3 x 3 transition matrix is associated with each cell of the grid which determines the
submarine's transitions from a cell. The set of transition matrices define a Markov process. Despite its
discrete nature, this Markov track generating process has been called a diffusion process in
antisubmarine warfare tactical decision aid literature. The transition matrices are determined by tracks
generated by an auxiliary stochastic process that is presumed to be of higher fidelity but more costly to
implement than the Markov process.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 208.14/2:NPS-AW-91-002
Fountoulakis, Radamanthis P. Oceanographic and Acoustical Survey of the East

Ionian Sea. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Thesis (M.S. in Engineering Acoustics) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1990.
61
Abstract: A study was conducted in an area off the Hellenic west coast to examine the spatial and time
variability of various oceanic parameters, with special emphasis on those effecting ASW operations.
Propagation loss runs were conducted using PE and RAYMODE models. The reactions of both models to
different bottom morphology and sound speed profiles (seasons) were examined. Between the two
models, the PE model was found to be closer to reality than RAYMODE. Results suggest that the
application of these models can improve the understanding of sound propagation in the Hellenic seas.
The bottom modeling program, BLUG, appears to need improvement.
Franken, Jeroen. Tactical Application of Coastal Acoustic Tomography. Monterey,

Thesis (M.S. in Engineering Acoustics) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 1994.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the utility of acoustic tomography for performance
assessment of a generic low frequency active sonar system. The performance of the sonar is simulated
using tomography-derived sound speed data versus a range independent ocean model. The ocean
environment used in the simulation is 159 tomographic snapshots of the Barents Sea Polar Front, taken
every 5 minutes in August 1992. The modeled sonar system consists of a 1000 Hz source with a source
level of 205.5 dB and a towed horizontal array of hydrophones. The system is derived from unclassified
parameters of ATAS (Active Towed Array Sonar), built by Thomson Sintra ASM and British Aerospace
SEMA, and the experimental ALF sonar, designed by FEL-TNO (the Netherlands) and built by Thomson
Sintra ASM. The tomographic images over a range of 26 km provide a realistic ocean in which system
performance is assessed. This study used a broadband, coupled normal mode, propagation model and
assumed a noise-limited condition. The probability of detection calculated as a function of time for 13
hours is compared with that estimated using a range- and time-independent assumption. The utility of
coastal acoustic tomography for tactical applications is discussed. (AN).
French, Thomas Penn. Sonobuoy Location. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate

(AD713077). 77 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1970
Abstract: In airborne anti-submarine warfare operations there is a critical requirement for maintaining an
accurate relative plot of the sonobuoys with respect to the aircraft. This study proposed a method for
locating sonobuoys in a pattern using aircraft-to-buoy slant range information. The method did not use
triangulation procedures and attempted to minimize the restrictions placed on the aircraft. The study
showed the feasibility of the proposed methodology and the approximate errors to be encountered.
(Author)
Frost, Mark Douglas. An ASW Campaign Model. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA094570). 122 p.
Abstract: To enhance insight into a war at sea, a large-scale, aggregated, and highly flexible model of
the ASW campaign is offered. The model was designed, first and foremost, to examine the change in the
marginal effectiveness of friendly ASW forces due to changes of force level, force mix, and force
employment strategies. The model is keyed to the interaction of the threat submarine force with friendly
ASW forces and merchant or military shipping. Specific features of the model provide for threat
deployment options, allocation of friendly forces, attrition to threat and friendly forces, aggregation of
friendly ASW force performance, sensitivity to force levels, deployment of submarines within 'wolfpacks'
62
and coordinated barrier stations, and parametric treatment of other warfare area effectiveness. The
campaign model has been programmed in the APL/360 language for use on an IBM 360-67 computer.
(Author)
Gangsaas, Aasgeir. Barrier Search Model Using Active Bistatic Sonar to Protect a
Channel. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Mar 1993. (ADA264910). 55 p.
Abstract: Advances in nuclear and diesel-electric submarine technology have reduced the effectiveness
of passive means of detection. The United States is faced with a multipolar threat in part due to the
proliferation to Third World nations of advanced diesel-electric submarines. The use of active sonar must
be explored to gain back the detection advantage the United States submarine force has enjoyed in the
past. The use of bistatic sonar reduces the counter-detection threat resulting from active sonar.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS G1436
Garcia, Arturo M. Model for Evaluating HS/HSL Community Consolidation.

Abstract: A methodology is developed to assist in the evaluation of competing proposals for HS/HSL
consolidation. Six criteria are developed to allow a quantitative measure of critical personnel, cost, and
operational issues. The criteria are incorporated into a spreadsheet model that can evaluate five options
simultaneously. Decision maker participation is required to derive a set of weights that represent the
relative importance attributed to each criteria. Five options currently under consideration as candidates for
consolidation are examined. Analysis is conducted to determine the effect different weight values have on
the optimal solution. A sample run of the model is conducted to demonstrate its use. (KAR) P. 2.
Garrett, Roger A. and Albert P. Herrlinger Automatic Antisubmarine Track

Reconstruction. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
from National Technical Information Service, 1966. (AD803652). 73 p.
Distribution Limitation now Removed.
Abstract: The relative distance between various Antisubmarine Warfare vehicles is an important
parameter for the evaluation of sensor equipment. This thesis presents a computer model, utilizing a time
dependent error navigation system, Omega, for the determination of this relative distance parameter. A
methodology for predetermining a relative distance error distribution for a specific area by simulating
various Antisubmarine Warfare vehicle tracks from known navigational errors has been established.
Attempts to smooth estimated tracks of Antisubmarine Warfare vehicles which receive the same time
dependent navigational information simultaneously was found not to be advisable as this disturbs the
correlation of navigation error between the vehicles. (Author)
Gonzalez, Debra L. Relationship between the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude

Battery (ASVAB) and Performance in Fleet Readiness Squadron (FRS) Acoustic
Operator Training. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, 1986.
Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude
Battery (ASVAB) scores, specifically the composite of ASVAB subtests (AR + 2MK + GS) used to predict
63
eligibility for formal training in the Aviation Antisubmarine Warfare Operator (AW) rating, can actually
predict the success or failure of enlisted personnel attempting the P-3 fleet readiness squadron (FRS)
Acoustic Operator syllabus. This was accomplished by computing a Pearson Product - Moment
Correlation Coefficient, corrected for restriction in range, to determine the correlation between ASVAB
subtest and composite scores and sucess or failure in the FRS syllabus. The results indicate that ASVAB
scores are only slightly predictive of performance.
Goodman, Craig W. An Investigation of the APAIR Acoustic Detection Model.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research), Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1989.
Abstract: The subject of this thesis is an investigation of the effect of using the Lambda-Sigma jump
process in the acoustic detection component of APAIR. A computer simulation was developed which is
similiar to the sonobuoy field versus submarine engagement model found in apair, the Navy's general
ASW model. This simulation was then modified to incorporate the Lambda-Sigma jump process and the
effect of this modification is discussed. In order to check the structural validity of the simulation models,
Results that were obtained by using them are compared to results that were obtained by using an
analytical model called the random search model.
Goodwin, Francis R. NAVTAG (Naval Tactical Game) System and Its Modification
to Include the SH-60B Helicopter. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(ADA152004). 77 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1984.
Abstract: The Naval Tactical Game (NAVTAG) Training Systems are to become the standard war
gaming computers in fleet use to train Surface Warfare Officers in tactical operations. As modern
weapons platforms are developed, they need to be modeled into NAVTAG in order that they might be
included in applicable atsea engagements. In support of this objective, the SH-60B (SEAHAWK) Anti-
Submarine Warfare Helicopter, which is currently not supported by NAVTAG, is incorporated into the
NAVTAG system. The SH-60B is incorporated into the NAVTAG System with the full range of functions
that are enjoyed by other aircraft modeled in NAVTAG. Using NAVTAG the SH-60B is tested in an
AntiSubmarine Warfare (ASW) scenario developed to test its capabilities against a Soviet submarine. For
comparison and testing purposes the SH-60B is also compared to the SH-2F helicopter previously
modeled in NAVTAG. Both helicopters have comparable mission objectives and tactics. This is a
research project to determine if NAVTAG can be modified in a research environment and with what
degree of difficulty this may be accomplished. This in no way is meant to modify the Standard NAVTAG
Systems that have been distributed to fleet units without the consent of the Program Manager. Originator
supplied keywords include: Wargaming, NAVTAG, SH-60B helicopter.
Gostlow, GA, TAO (Tactical Action Officer) ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare) Expert
System Prototype. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Abstract: The expertise required by Tactical Action Officers in a modern Anti-Submarine warfare
environment of complex weaponry, minimal reaction time and ardous conditions at sea necessitate
training and experience that is both exhaustive and progressive. For these officers to be effective in
making accurate and timely decisions so as to effect the most appropriate responses, they must have
ready access to current tactical doctrine and system performance statistics. In time of war there is no time
to allow a junior Tactical Action Officer to progress to a level of competency: he must be a reliable,
64
capable, fully functional warfare team member at the outset of his tour. This thesis presents a prototype
Artificial Intelligence model of the TAO ASW decision making process using an expert system
development tool run on a microcomputer, to train fledgling TAO's with an outlook to the potential
development and capability of an operational expert system. (Author)
Gowans, George Keith. Variation in Thermal Structure and Geostrophic Current

Between Alaska and Hawaii Determined from Synoptic Space Sections. Monterey,
Information Service, 1969. (AD706077). 73 p.
Abstract: Five synoptic space sections along 158W longitude between Hawaii and the Aleutian Islands
were developed from data collected by airborne expendable bathythermographs during experiment
PARKA, a research project sponsored by the U. S. Navy in 1968. The sections are examined for spacial
and temporal variation in thermal structure and geostrophic surface velocity. Two recently developed
analysis techniques are employed. Denner's T-S gradient method, wherein thermal and haline
contributions to total geostrophic velocity are distinguishable, expedites calculations and results in
velocity fields comparable to those developed by the dynamic method. Thermocline parameters are
developed using Boston's objective definition of the thermocline, a statistical curve-fitting technique which
develops the notion of a Gaussain thermocline. Gross features of thermal structure remain fairly
consistent during the heating season; however, thermal fronts are observed to vary in time and space.
The distribution of isothermal lines with latitude suggests the possibility of a Taylor-column effect slightly
north of Hawaii. (Author)
Grant, Gary Maxwell. Preliminary Investigation of a Proposed Sonobuoy Ranging

National Technical Information Service, 1969. (AD705497). 68 p.
Thesis (M.S. in E.E.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1969.
Abstract: The ability to locate and determine the position of an ASW sonobuoy is an essential part of
airborne anti-submarine operations. Present methods restrict the parent aircraft's operational capability
and yield only marginal data. State-of-the-art frequency control makes it possible to range sonobuoys
accurately with radio signals. Sonobuoy position can then be determined by combining this range data
with other available information. A system is proposed to both free the parent aircraft from present
restrictions and to increase the accuracy of the position information. (Author)
Griffin, Charles Donald. A Computer Simulation of Asw Interactions. Monterey, CA:

Abstract: A model presented in this thesis is a computer simulation model of ASW interactions between
a formation of high value group ships, protected by some screening ships, and some penetrating
submarines. The model is designed for use as an aid in improving the ability of a proposed screening
tactic in the detection of a penetrating submarine. A systematic procedure to improve a screen's
effectiveness against a known submarine threat is demonstrated, and an example problem is worked
using this procedure. (Author)
Griggs, William Clifton and John Arthur Thompson. Methodology for the Conversion
of Tactical Board Games to Computer Assisted War Games. Monterey, CA: Naval
65
Service, 1980. (ADA094617). 247 p.
Abstract: As part of the development of the capabilities of the Command, Control and Communications
(C3) Laboratory at the Naval Postgraduate School, there was a need for an in-house computer assisted
tactical war game. The objective of this thesis was to satisfy that need. An anti-submarine warfare board
game, 'Up Scope', which was designed, developed and produced by Simulations Productions, Inc. of New
York, was used as the model. This thesis provides an interactive computer assisted anti-submarine
warfare war game called 'Up Scope' which is written in FORTRAN. This thesis also develops a framework
for any future computer adaptation of a tactical board game, details a players manual and gives full
documentation of the computer programming. Program listings, a sample game and several tactical
scenarios are also included. (Author)
Guillory, Theodore. Canada: The decision to procure nuclear attack submarines

and its significance for NATO. Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
from National Technical Information Service, 1988. (ADA201669). 88 p.
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs), Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1988.
Abstract: In June 1987 the Canadian government announced plans to procure 10 to 12 nuclear attack
submarines (SSNs). The evidence suggests that, for some Canadians, a primary purpose for this
submarine program may not be to enhance the security of NATO, but instead to assert Canada's
sovereignty, principally against the United States, in the Arctic region. The thesis discuss this decision
and its possible implications for the security of North America and NATO. It is argued that the United
States must continue to have unimpeded access to the Arctic region to counter the ever increasing threat
posed by Soviet nuclear ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs). Finally the thesis suggests a possible
solution to the current sovereignty debate and a potential strategy for employing these SNN to enhance
the security of North America and NATO as a whole.
Gunn, Lee Fredric and Peter Tocha. An Algorithm for the Solution of Concave-
Convex Games. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Abstract: The thesis discusses the solution of concave-convex games. An algorithm is developed, a
computer program written and applied to an anti-submarine warfare force allocation problem as an
illustration. Techniques for handling concave-convex problems in high dimensions are included. (Author)
Hall, Charles R. A Game Theoretical Approach to the Contact Area Helicopter

ASW Problem. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Abstract: The helicopter contact area search problem is studied. The analysis used to derive current
search plans is presented, and an error in this analysis is demonstrated. As a result of this examination a
new model is constructed for investigating the problem. Game theory techniques are applied to the model
andthe methodology required to derive optimal strategies is illustrated. Although no complete optimal
strategies are derived, it is possible to derive such strategies by applying computer techniques to the
results of this study. Such strategies could then be applied in the fleet.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS H147
66
Hammon, Colin P. The Design and Construction of a Computer Simulation.
Abstract: A procedural approach to the design and implementation of a computer simulation model is
presented, with a simulation model description and computer code. The discussion and example are
intended as reference material for the computer science and computer war gaming courses offered at the
United States Naval Postgraduate School. The sample computer simulation was designed for the
statistical analysis of the comparative effectiveness of different ASW helicopter search tactics in a variety
of tactical and physical environments. This simulation has available a wide range of input parameters and
is applicable to all ASW helicopters and any search plan employing ten helicopters or less. The
accompanying FORTRAN computer code was written for the CDC 1604 computer, and is adaptable to
the IBM 7090-94 by the inclusion of the appropriate control cards and random number generator. (Author)
Harvey, Lawrence Michael. Application of the Sonar Equations to Bistatic Echo-

Ranging. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Abstract: The thesis explores the phenomena unique to echo-ranging with a source widely separated
from the receiver. In an asset-austere era of antisubmarine warfare, this technique serves as a tactical
advantage, particularly in the passive tracking of a submarine. Particular emphasis is placed on the terms
of the sonar equation most affected by the bistatic geometry: Reverberation level and target strength. The
research is particularly applicable to ongoing NATO and Naval Laboratory work involving the bistatic
concept in array design and for use with surface escorts in conjunction with friendly submarines.
Harvey, Phillip Ivan. An Analysis of Environmental Data for Use in Updating Low
Frequency Propagation Loss Forecasts. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(AD757682). 181 p.
Abstract: An acoustic model for low frequency (100-2400 HZ) propagation loss within a surface duct is
examined. An analysis of the sensitivity of this model as a function of the governing environmental
parameters is performed. The results of this analysis show that the frequency and mixed layer depth are
influential over a wide range of environmental conditions and that the below layer thermal gradient
becomes important at low frequencies when the layer depth is relatively shallow. Under certain
conditions, a change in below layer thermal gradient of 2F/100 FT has the same resultant effect as a 25
FT change in the mixed layer depth. (Author Modified Abstract)
Harvey, Robert Frank. A Computer War Game for Determining the Cost-
Effectiveness of Active Sonobuoys. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(AD824131). 79 p.
Abstract: In order to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different active non-directional sonobuoys, a
computer war game is developed. One submarine, employing one evasion tactic, is opposed by one
helicopter, using five prosecution tactics. The tactic of the helicopter prior to the initial detection of the
submarine is seen to be critical, and this simulation aids in determining an optimum tactic. A cost-
67
effectiveness model to use data from this simulation is developed. An example, using hypothetical but
realistic data, is presented to illustrate methods of determining the cost-effectiveness of each sonobuoy
type when used with its optimum tactic. (Author)
Haskell, RD. Vectored Intercept Model (VIM) - An Open Ocean Submarine Versus
Submarine Search and Detection Simulation. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(AD763672). 191 p.
Abstract: A simulation model for the open ocean submarine versus submarine search and detection
problem is presented. The objective of the simulation is to estimate the probability with which a nuclear
powered attack submarine will achieve sonar detection of a nuclear powered transiting submarine using a
search plan based on external intelligence. A detailed description of the model and its use are included
along with a typical analysis. (Author)
NPS/DKL Location: MICROFORM AD763672
Haworth, AG. A War-Game Analysis of an Undeveloped Submarine Detection

Abstract: The evaluation of a proposed submarine detection system by computer war gaming
techniques is illustrated by a hypothetical example. A scenerio is chosen, tactics and policies established,
and the tactical simulation conducted. From the results of the simulation, minimum specifications for the
system to attain a given level of effectiveness are drawn. Finally, a scale is made for comparison of this
system with similar systems in terms of cost per day per mile of barrier. (Author)
Hayes, James A. SSBN Survivability: A Time for Confidence-Building Measures.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1982.
Abstract: This thesis will focus on the sea-based legs of the American and Soviet triads, examining a
series of confidence-building measures (CBMs) that may be considered during the Strategic Arms
Reduction Talks (START) that are underway in Geneva. Some proponents have argued that these CBMs,
if implemented, would strengthen each side's belief in the invulnerability of nuclear-powered, ballistic
missile launching submarines (SSBNs), thereby increasing strategic stability. These proposals seek to
increase confidence in SSBN survivability by managing both the employment of anti-submarine warfare
(ASW) forces and the development of technology that could be specifically directed against SSBNs. This
thesis will consider the possible effects that five different CBMs could have on U.S. perceptions of SSBN
survivability. These changes in perception will be measured against the costs that might be exacted in
other areas (e.g., tactical anti-submarine warfare) by agreeing to the CBMs.
Hilzer, Ralph Conrad. NANCEE: an Approach to Barrier Sonobuoy Pattern

Optimization. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Thesis (M.S. in Comp. Sci.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1974.
Abstract: NANCEE is a computer simulation program which uses convolution (or meeting) probabilities
to determine which barrier type of sonobuoy pattern has the highest probability of detection for a
68
transiting nuclear submarine. The program assumes that the optimum barrier is a straight-line one, two, or
three row sonobuoy pattern containing not more than 48 sonobuoys. The barrier is centered on the
submarine's expected line of transit, oriented perpendicular to the submarine's course, and placed far
enough ahead of the submarine's position that all pattern sonobuoys are in the water and being
monitored before the submarine enters the detection range of the sonobuoy pattern. If more than one
barrier is found to have the highest probability of detection, the one with the least number of sonobuoys is
selected as optimum. (Modified author abstract)
Huff, Michael Thomas. Comparison of ASTRAL and RAYMODE Propagation Loss

Models and Their Use in Air ASW Platforms. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA275015). 64 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1993.
Abstract: The development of new decision support systems for Antisubmarine warfare will entail the
installation of propagation loss models on ASW aircraft. The decision to put either a range dependent or
range independent model in the system will affect the predicted ranges, the overall probability of
detection, and the computation time. Comparisons of the range dependent ASTRAL and range
independent RAYMODE propagation loss models were made in the Eastern Mediterranean, the Gulf of
Oman and the South China Sea for eight source/receiver/frequency combinations. Computation time
differences between the two models were not significant at either of the source frequencies (50 Hz or 400
Hz). RAYMODE showed much better correlation with the split step PE model which was used as a
standard. The ASTRAL model often predicted lower transmission losses than either RAYMODE or PE.
For the short detection ranges normally encountered in air ASW the more complex range dependent
models are not necessary. The RAYMODE model or a comparable range independent model will provide
adequate propagation loss predictions. ASTRAL, RAYMODE, Propagation loss models.
Hughes, David L. and Jack D. Sirrine. Investigation into the Concepts of Flight
Crew Utilization. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Research paper (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1965.
Abstract: The contribution of a patrol squadron to the total ASW readiness is dependent in part upon the
effectiveness with which allocated or assigned personnel are utilized. In the hope of increasing that
effectiveness, organizationally induced problems encountered in the allocation and utilization of flight
crew personnel were investigated. A possible solution is offered which involves minor organizational
changes, establishment of a flight crew rate, and a functional application of manning level constraints.
Ingold, Barry W. Key Feature Identification from Image Profile Segments Using a High
Frequency Sonar. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 1992.
Abstract: Many avenues have been explored to allow recognition of underwater objects by a sensing
system on an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). In particular, this research analyzes the precision
with which a Tritech ST1000 high resolution imaging sonar system allows the extraction of linear features
from its perceived environment. The linear extraction algorithm, as well as acceptance criteria for
individual sonar returns are developed. Test results showing the actual sonar data and the sonar's
perceived environment are presented. Additionally, position of the sonar relative to the perceived image is
determined based on the identification of key points in the scene.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS I4525
69
Jaeger, Larry Ernest. Computer Program for Solving the Parabolic Equation Using
an Implicit Finite-Difference Solution Method and Incorporating Exact Interface
Conditions. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1983.
Abstract: An Implicit Finite-Difference (IFD) computer program that incorporates exact interface
conditions has been developed for solving the parabolic equation. The model preserves continuity of
pressure and continuity of the normal component of particle velocity at the interface between media
having different sound speeds and densities. Interface conditions are preserved for horizontal and sloping
interfaces along a user-specified bottom profile. Test cases are included to demonstrate the use of the
model.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS J2382
Jenkins, Alan K. Modeling Convergence Zone Gain on MS-DOS Based Personal

Computers. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 1991.
Abstract: The models for determining convergence zone Gain (G) were developed using a linearized
Sound Speed Profile (SSP) and applying ray tracing theory. The SSP was divided into three cases;
bilinear, bilinear with isospeed layer, and bilinear with mixed layer. Two analytical solutions were
developed using Taylor series and binomial series expansions to determine G, one for the bilinear and
bilinear with isospeed layer, and the other for the bilinear with a mixed layer. The solutions for G are
exclusively a function of the SSP gradients. Each solution was compared to the solutions from ray tracing
and the solutions from the Integrated Carrier Antisubmarine Warfare Prediction System (ICAPS) (which
runs on mainframe computers and requires more data in addition to the SSP). When the SSP's were not
too unusual, the solutions for G were fairly close when compared to ray tracing and ICAPS.
Joyce, Michael D. Quadruplet Expansion of the Acoustic Pressure Field in a

Wedge Shaped Ocean. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1993.
Abstract: In a wedge shaped ocean, the method of images is used to develop an analytical
approximation of the acoustic pressure field. Contemporary work develops acoustic doublets from a
combination of the source and surface reflection image using simple dipole theory. The method of images
is then used to sum the dipole images. This thesis matches dipole pairs to achieve a quadruplet
expansion. A computer program using the derived quadruplet equation is then created to verify the results
by comparing them with the URTEXT program. Method of images, Quadruplet expansion.
Kelley, Robert D. Verification of Mcdonnell'S Mixed-Layer Depth Forecasting Model.

Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1966.
Abstract: A model based on Kitaigorodsky's application of similarity theory and modified by McDonnell
to forecast the mixed-layer depth was studied. The model applies during the warming season and is
based on the theory of similarity. The parameters involved in the model were determined from
bathythermograph data recorded at Ocean Weather Stations November (latitude 30N, longitude 140W)
and Bravo (latitude 56 30N, longitude 51W). Parameters were evaluated daily and grouped by months.
70
Both seasonal and transitional MLD situations were treated. From these parameters, the form of the
dimensionless function P(N), claimed by Kitaigorodsky to be universal, was determined by least squares
fit to be best approximated by a second order polynomial. Forecasting equations involving P(N) were
developed for each month and tested with data from the following years for both OWS ships. There is
general agreement between the observed MLD and that found from the prediction equation based on the
last year's P(N) for the same month and location. Month-to-month and spatial differences in P(N) cast
considerable doubt on its universality, at least as determined by the parameters as currently defined.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS K272
Kern, Deborah R. Design and Implementation of the Acoustic Database and

Acoustic Trainer for ARGOS. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield,
VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1990. (ADA232052). 105 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.
Abstract: ARGOS is a multimedia database prototype system currently being developed by the
Computer Science department of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey. Its primary purpose is to
provide a prototype system that could be used as a Battle Group Commander's assessment tool and a
shipboard data management tool, in addition to providing increased efficiency and productivity to the
Navy ships. This implementation demonstrates the contribution such a system would make to the efforts
of the Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) community.
Keys, Richard Toney. Large Grain Data Flow Graph Construction and
Restructuring Utilizing the ECOS Workstation System. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1994. (ADA289632). 90 p.
Thesis (Master of Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1994
Abstract: The U.S. Navy's new multiprocessor, the AN/UYS-2 Enhanced Modular Signal Processor
(EMSP) utilizes a First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) algorithm to transfer data. This algorithm is simple to
implement but provides no mechanism to control execution of a specific application on the AN/UYS-2
which prevents performance predictions. A Large Grain Data Flow (LGDF) representation of a specific
application is utilized to predict performance, with the introduction of trigger queues (dependency arcs)
into the graphs to control execution. I utilized the EMSP Common Operational Software (ECOS)
Workstation to execute graph representations of specific applications used by the U.S. Navy in the Anti-
Submarine Warfare (ASW) arena. A complete description of the ECOS workstation, and the process of
transforming specific applications into graph representations to be executed on the ECOS Workstation is
demonstrated. Specifically, the Correlator Graph which represents a real-time ASW process is examined.
To control and improve performance, the technique of implementing trigger queues using the ECOS
Workstation is demonstrated. A basic graph is executed and referenced as a benchmark, with two
reconstructed graphs executed demonstrating how trigger queues effect graph execution. The node
execution times statistics indicate trigger queues control execution and will provide a mechanism to
predict node performance.
Kiland, IN and Jerry Allen Kotchka. A Game Theoretic Analysis of the Convoy-ASW
Problem. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Abstract: The problem of allocation of ASW forces assigned to an oceanic convoy in a submarine
warfare environment is postulated as a two-person game with the payoff function being based on the
'formula of random search.' The opponents in the game are a convoy system and a submarine system. A
submarine is given the option of attacking the convoy system either from afar with surface-launched
71
missiles or near with torpedoes. The convoy system is defended by units capable of destroying
submarines exercising either of their options. The optimal allocation of forces for both sides is shown to
be a set of pure strategies which are dependent on the parameters of the model. (Author)
King, Edward Francis. A Basic Approach to Evaluating and Predicting VP Crew

Performance. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Abstract: A basic approach to the problem of evaluating or predicting a crew' performance for the VP
community is presented. The method uses an application of multiple regression analysis techniques to a
model which has training parameters as its variables. The results would allow the squadron or wing
commanding officer to predict a crew's performance before the actual flight and to determine how to
allocate training time for the squadron. (Author)
King, Portia B. Use of the Wavenumber Technique with the Lloyds Mirror for an
Acoustic Doublet. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Abstract: This thesis examines a method to determine the depth of a point source in and isospeed
ocean environment. Using the Fourier Transform on the acoustic pressure field in the range domain
results in the attainment of the acoustic pressure spectrum in the wave-number domain and a
characteristic nodal spacing unique to the source-receiver depths. Quantitative examination of a
magnitude plot of the spectrum and use of simple mathematical formulae yield the source depth. The
debilitative effects of narrowband noise and surface roughness on the pressure spectrum is recognizable
in noise after the pressure field in the range domain has been lost in the noise field. The effect of surface
gravity waves on the pressure spectrum is similar to that on the pressure field in the range domain: the
characteristic nodal spacing is suppressed as the height of the surface waves increases. Keywords
include: Lloyds mirror; Underwater acoustics; Fast fourier transform; Wavenumber technique; Pressure
spectrum; Source depth determination; Acoustic propagation; Isospeed environment; Antisubmarine
warfare.(Author)
Kirsch, Walter J. Expected Value Analysis of the Center for Naval Analyses
Computer War Game - SEALIFT. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(AD475310). 61 p.
Abstract: The Center for Naval Analyses Computer War Game, SEALIFT, is a Monte-Carlo simulation
designed to help study sealift capabilities in an ASW environment. A mathematical model of the SEALIFT
game is posited to obtain expected value results approximating those of the SEALIFT game. The model
is cast in the Fortran terminology of SEALIFT and an effort is made to accurately reflect the SEALIFT flow
chart logic in its development. Comparisons with SEALIFT results to determine the model's reliability and
accuracy are not made. (Author)
Koepke, John Allen. Conceptual Design of a Stand-Off Weapon for Maritime Patrol
Aircraft. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
72
Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1988.
Abstract: A conceptual design of a stand-off weapon to be launched from maritime patrol aircraft for use
against hostile surface combatants was performed at the request of the Naval Air Test Center. The
purpose of this thesis was to study the feasibility of developing a low-cost, anti-ship missile for air ASW
platforms. A mission threat analysis was conducted to determine the lethality of probable targets and to
determine required missile performance characteristics. Current design methods and techniques were
used to calculate the necessary missile geometry to meet the derived performance characteristics. An
evaluation of navigation laws was conducted to determine the most appropriate flight profile for the
missile. The control system was tailored to meet the specifications of the selected navigation law. An
investigation of passive and active homing devices was conducted. A low cost seeker to adequately
locate and track targets of interest was examined. A target engagement model was used to verify the
missile's maneuverability. This model demonstrated that the missile could intercept highly maneuvering
craft when launched from a desirable stand-off distance.
Kreitler, Walter M. The Close Aboard Bastion: A Soviet Ballistic Missile Submarine
Deployment Strategy. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1988.
Abstract: This thesis describes and analyzes a possible deployment posture for the Soviet ballistic
missile submarine force. It examines the proposition that the Soviet Navy will establish a point defense,
labeled Close Aboard Bastions (CABs), for it ballistic missile submarine fleet within the Soviet claimed 12
nautical mile territorial sea. This is a logical derivation of the currently widely held view that the Soviet will
establish derivation of currently widely held view that the Soviets will establish a bastion defense for the
strategic portion of their seagoing forces. The thesis concludes that the postulated CAB strategy is a
viable option for the Soviet Union during a war that begins conventionally.
Kunigami, Masaaki. Optimizing ASW Search for HVU Protection using the FAB
Algorithm. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1997.
Abstract: This thesis researches the feasibility of a TDA (tactical decision aid) to defend a high value
surface unit from an enemy submarine. Accordingly, this research adopts a FAB (forward and backward)
algorithm to search for a moving target. It develops a prototype of a TDA: FABTDA which gives an
optimal allocation for search aircraft.
Lanman, George Maurice. An adaptation of a Markov chain model for

antisubmarine warfare carrier aircraft. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(AD489085). 63 p.
Abstract: It is the purpose of this paper to develop a useful mathematical model of ASW aircraft
availability. The increasing emphasis of systems studies dictates the use of accurate and representative
models of the ASW systems. At present, many studies are using essentially the same models developed
during World War II. This paper is an attempt to make use of advanced theory in a more powerful and
flexible model and to make the use of the model practical and verifiable. The writer adapted the time
homogeneous bivariate model as developed by F. C. Collins. This is a discrete time Markov process with
a stochastic matrix of transition probabilities wherein the maintenance process is modeled as a pulsed
input multiple server queue. The model was programmed in FORTRAN 63 on the CDC 1604 and then
73
modified to allow for variability in the input parameters. Other modifications include an increase in the size
of the model to accommodate a 16-aircraft squadron, the largest ASW squadron at present, and an
explicit form solution to the maintenance queueing equations. (Author)
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS L265
Lassman, Abraham Joel. Career Development for an Antisubmarine Warfare

Officer Specialist. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Abstract: Antisubmarine Warfare technology has made significant advances since World War II.
However, this thesis is based on the assumption that training for ASW Surface Officers has not kept pace
with this rapid technological growth. This thesis proposes that the career pattern for surface officers
desiring in-depth ASW training be modified to improve this situation while allowing surface officers to
maintain a viable career pattern in the Surface Warfare community. Such a career pattern seems to be
feasible.
Lee, Yuh-jeng. Improving the ASW System Evaluation Tool. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1992. (NPSCS-92-015, ADA258798). 18 p.
Report.
Abstract: This report summarizes the work on the evaluation, design, and reimplemenation of part of the
ASW System Eval Tool (ASSET), performed in the Computer Science Department, Naval Postgraduate
School, under the sponsorship of the Antisubmarine Warfare Division (OP-71), Office of Chief of Naval
Operations. We analyzed and implemented the improvements suggested in previous evaluations of
various sub-areas of ASSET. In addition, we have designed and implemented a prototype user interface
shell for ASSET on a Sun Sparcstation running X windows.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 208.14/2:NPS-CS-92-015
Lentz, Frederick Charles. Integration of ASW Helicopter Operations and

Environment into NPSNET. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield,
Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1995.
Abstract: Despite the increasing emphasis by the military on joint force operations, existing modelling
and simulation programs, including NPSNET, fail to address joint operations and crew coordination. The
problem is that previous work on NPSNET, the virtual environment and visual simulation platform
developed by the Computer Science Department at the Naval PostGraduate School in Monterey,
California, has focused primarily on individual ground force elements with little emphasis on naval forces
or crew concepts. This restricts the practical use of the system to ground force training while ignoring joint
force training with sea and air components and between crew members. One solution to is expand the
capability of NPSNET by incorporating a variety of vehicles from different components of the military with
the added capability of multiple workstation control of a single vehicle. The approach taken is to expand
NPSNET to simulate helicopter Anti-Submarine Warfare. This work focuses on realistic helicopter flight
control, multiple workstation control of a single vehicle, and interface design between workstations
controlling one vehicle. NPSNET has become a more useful training tool for today's military forces by
implementing more realistic helicopter flight controls and adding joint mission capabilities. The
significance of this work is that a broad range of forces can receive valuable joint training and crew
coordination training conducted in a virtual environment.
74
Llanos, Humberto M. An Investigation of the Problem of Optimizing a Search
Tactic for a Searchlight Type Sonar. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(AD754352). 42 p.
Abstract: A searchlight type sonar is one of the systems that small navies use to counteract the danger
which submarines present to their lines of supply and transport. In the paper, a standard search pattern
for this type of sonar is compared with search patterns which are based on a consideration of the tactical
value of detecting a submarine as a function of the relative location of the submarine. The results of the
comparison suggest that is possible to increase the effectiveness of a searchlight type sonar by using a
search pattern in which the sweep time allocated to a search sector is based on the sectors tactical
importance. (Author)
Lowery, John L. High Speed Marine Craft Threat: Buoyancy and Stability
Requirements for a Sub-Launched Weapon System. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1999. (ADA374340). 59 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1999.
Abstract: Military intelligence has considered various coastal scenarios in which the submarine is the
only platform -available to engage waterborne infiltration forces. Torpedoes are meant for large ships, and
cruise missiles are strategic weapons not to be wasted on small craft. Therefore, the submarine does not
have a weapons capability to engage and destroy high-speed marine craft (HSMC) that would be used for
coastal infiltration. The most practical scenario would utilize a torpedo stow for a weapon system that
would be tube launched, thus ensuring the maximum cruise missile capability of the submarine with a
minimal sacrifice to anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare capabilities. The maintaining of the
submarine's stealth will be paramount, therefore, an off-hull launcher is desired. The weapon *needs to
be highly discriminative due to high shipping traffic in coastal waters. In all, the major factors associated
with the design and employment of a sub-launched weapon system for engaging HSMC are the threat,
the missile, the launcher and the deployment method. In a hostile coastal environment, there are
numerous targets ranging from surface threats to air threats. Missile design is dependent on the threat
and can be varied for different scenarios. However, the launcher and deployment of a tube launched
weapon system are only restricted by the dimensions of the torpedo tube and the buoyancy and stability
of the designed system. These parameters can be quantified and modeled. This thesis focused on
designing a weapon system, SEABAT, to meet the basic buoyancy and stability requirements. The results
of the SEABAT design prove its feasibility as a torpedo tube launched weapon system.
Electronic access: http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/99Dec_Lowery.pdf
Martin, Claude F. Call for New ASW Screen Geometries for Carrier Battlegroup
Open Ocean Transits Under the 1990's Threat. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA257699). 143 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.
Abstract: A simulation model was specified. It examines United States Navy Antisubmarine Warfare
Screen alternative dispositions for Carrier Battlegroups. The scenario posed is open ocean transit under
the threat of an attack from foreign submarine hulls built in the 1990's. The investigation raises the issue
of the appropriateness of current Navy practices and suggests that new tactics be developed. The
author's thoughts are that in the 1990's there will be ever newer, more lethal, unpredictable threats to
United State's maritime independence than current doctrine addresses. The full implementation of the
75
simulation program has not been accomplished. A segment of verification output is shown for expository
purposes only. A discussion is given on the adequacy of the model's abstractions along with their
possible impact on potential results of experiments.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS M35725
McClure, Donald James. Experimental Design Considerations in the Operational

Test and Evaluation of Airborne Acoustic Processing Systems. Monterey, CA:
Abstract: The antisubmarine warfare (ASW) capability of the air arms of western navies depends upon
their ability to employ air-dropable sonobuoys for the detection and localization of enemy submarines.
The systems which process the acoustic information from these sonobuoys are sophisticated spectrum
analyzers. A constant effort to improve performance has led to frequent updates to existing systems and
the periodic development of completely new processors. Assessing the significance of these
improvements in the operational environment is the function of an operational evaluation. The operational
evaluation of an acoustic processing system is complicated by the impact of the constantly changing
acoustic propagation conditions encountered in ocean operating areas. This, along with the inherent
variability in the other factors affecting passive sonar performance, makes it difficult to compare the
ranges achieved from one trial to the next. However, it is imperative that the evaluation agencies report
findings that are applicable over the wide variety of operating conditions which are likely to be
encountered in the operational employment of the airborne acoustic processor.
McDonnell, John R. Application of Similarity Theory to Forecasting the Mixed-

Layer Depth of the Ocean. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield,
VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1944. (AD601580). 54 p.
Abstract: The thermal structure of the ocean, especially the uppermost mixed layer, greatly affects
sonar ranges. In this paper, similarity theory is applied to the problem of forecasting the depth of the
mixed layer during the warm season, assuming the controlling processes are secular, non-advective, and
non divergent. The resulting forecast method consists mainly of two equations. Parameters used are
wind, coriolis effect, the coefficient of thermal expansion and a measure of the excess heat within the
mixed layer. The constants in the equations were determined using data from OWS Papa (50N, 145W).
The forecast method treats both seasonal and transitional thermoclines. The method was tested with data
from OWS Papa and OWS November (30N, 140W). The tests apparently indicate wide applicability of this
forecast method and thus tend to corroborate the proposal by Kitaigorodsky that the mixed-layer depth is
a function of a universal coefficient. (Author)
McGinlay, Thomas Charles John. Personnel and Equipment Design Concept for a
Maritime Patrol Airship (Non-Rigid) to Conduct Search, Anti-Submarine Warfare,
and Airborne Mine Countermeasures Missions. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA085144). 227 p.
Abstract: A personnel and equipment design concept for a non-rigid, 100 hour endurance, Maritime
Patrol Airship meeting Search and Rescue (SAR), Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), and Airborne Mine
Countermeasures (AMCM) requirements was developed. The Maritime Patrol Airship could readily be
equipped with off-the-shelf equipment. Minimal new design equipment requirements were identified. A
baseline flight scenario and on station scenarios for: SAR, transoceanic ASW utilizing a passive towed
76
array sonar, and AMCM were developed. Human factors task analyses and a time line analysis were
constructed from the scenarios. Manning reductions resulted for each scenario (3 crewmembers for SAR,
10 crewmembers for transoceanic ASW, 7 crewmembers for AMCM). Further research areas are
identified. (Author)
McMichael, D.L. An on-Line Simulation of ASW in a Multi-Burst Nuclear

Environment. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Thesis (M.S. in E.E)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1966.
Abstract: A general approach is documented as a guide to aid in the formulation and implementation of
on-line, real time computer simulations. A computer program, MULNUC1, is developed as an on-line, real
time computer simulation of antisubmarine warfare in a multiple burst nuclear environment. The principals
of the game are a submarine armed with torpedoes, and two destroyers equipped with stand-off
antisubmarine weapons. The simulation is intended as a demonstration of the on-line capabilities of the
United States Naval Postgraduate School computer system and as a tool for further study of the factors
involved in a representative ASW operational environment. (Author)
Nash, Wyatt J.. Calculation of Barrier Search Probability of Detection for Arbitrary
Search Tracks. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Abstract: The Surface Warfare Development Group is responsible for conducting the Ship Anti-
submarine Warfare Readiness/Effectiveness Measuring program. They currently employ a standard set of
measures for evaluating the performance of shipboard anti-submarine warfare sensors. This research
investigates several new performance-based measures to determine if they are more suitable than the
standard measures for evaluating the conduct of anti-submarine warfare barrier searches. The
investigation simulates barrier searches to determine probability of detection, calculates the proposed
measures, and compares the two. The results indicate that the proposed measures can be improved. A
barrier search algorithm exploiting target-relative space ideas is developed which generalizes the
classical search theory results for predicting probability of detection during barrier search.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS N24536
Naval Postgraduate School. Summary of Research 1992. Monterey, CA: Naval

Service, 1992. (NPS-08-92-002, ADA280616). 484 p.
Abstract: This report contains 344 summaries of research projects which were carried out under funding
of the Naval Postgraduate School Research Program. A list of recent publications is also included which
consists of conference presentations, contributions to books, published papers, magazine articles, and
technical reports. The research was conducted under the areas Administrative Sciences, Aeronautics and
Astronautics, Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering Mathematics, Mechanical
Engineering, Meteorology, National Security Affairs, Oceanography, Operations Research, Physics, C3
Joint Academic Group, Electronic Warfare Academic Group, Antisubmarine Warfare Group, and Space
Systems Academic Group.
NPS/DKL Location: MICROFORM ADA280616
Naval Postgraduate School. Compilation of Abstracts of Theses Submitted by

Candidates for Degrees. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
77
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1985. (NPS-012-85-003PR,
ADA164988). 558 p. Report:
Abstract: This publication contains the abstracts of theses submitted during the period 1 October 1983 -
30 September 1984 by candidates for Doctoral, Master's and Engineer's degrees at the Naval
Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943. Subject areas include: Aeronautical engineering, Electrical
engineering, Mechanical engineering, Applied science, Computer science, Engineering acoustics,
Hydrography, Information systems, Management, Meteorology and oceanography, Operations research,
Systems technology(Antisubmarine warfare), Telecommunications systems management, and National
security affairs.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE Z5055.U39 U6 1983-84
Naval Postgraduate School. Compilation of Abstracts of Theses Submitted By

Candidates for Degrees; Summary rept 1 Oct 1989-30 Sep 1990. Monterey, CA:
Information Service, 1990. (NPS-08-91-001, ADA242938). 355 p.
Abstract: No abstract available.
Naval Postgraduate School. Summary of the Naval Postgraduate School Research

Program and Recent Publications, October 1988 to September 1989. Monterey,
Information Service, 1990. (NPS-012-90-002, ADA236052). 373 p.
of the Naval Postgraduate School Research Program. A list of recent publications are also included which
consist of conference presentations, contributions to books, published papers, and technical reports. The
research was conducted under the areas of: Computer science, Mathematics, Administrative Sciences,
Operations research, National security affairs, Physics, Electrical and computer engineering,
Meteorology, Aeronautics and astronautics, Oceanography, and Mechanical engineering, Antisubmarine
warfare, Space systems, Electronic warfare, and in Command control communications.
Naval Postgraduate School. Summary of the Naval Postgraduate School Research

Program and Recent Publications. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1990. (NPS-08-
91-002, ADA242939). 554 p.
of the Naval Postgraduate School Research Program. A list of recent publications are also included which
consist of conference presentations, contributions to books, published papers, magazine articles, and
technical reports. The research was conducted under the areas of Computer Science; Mathematics;
Administrative sciences; Operations research; National security affairs; Physics; Electrical and computer
engineering; Meteorology; Aeronautics and astronautics; Oceanography; Mechanical engineering, C3
Joint Group; Electrical Warfare Group; ASW Group; and the Space System Academic Group.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE V422.M5 Z97 (FY1989)
Nicholson, Charles Louis. Localization of Acoustic Transients in Shallow Water

Environments. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.
Abstract: Determination an of an underwater target's position using passive acoustic sensors is of
considerable use for the Navy, both for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and underwater surveillance. This
78
thesis proposes and develops localization algorithms capable of passively determining the location of a
transient source given some broad constraints. In particular, this thesis investigates the effect of the
source signal uncertainty on localizer performance. The localization process consists of two parts. First, a
time domain propagation modeling code determines the impulse response of the environment from all
possible source locations to a single hydrophone. This program predicts the signal as it would appear at
the receiver from a grid of possible source locations. Second, source localization results from finding the
maximum correlation between the positionally dependent, numerically modeled signals and the actual
received signal. The position of the maximum cross correlation reveals an estimate of source position.
Using model to model correlation, this technique successfully localized acoustic sources in both Monterey
Bay and Barents Sea scenarios.
Nissen, Richard J. Feasibility for the Integration of ASW Information Databases.

Abstract: There are currently three databases supported by three different commands that collect and
output basically the same type of information: PACER, SHAREM, and AIREM. These systems contain
initial detection data, tracking data, environmental data, system performance data, and weapon
performance data. This thesis investigates the commonalities and differences in structure and content of
the three databases, and examines the feasibility of integrating PACER, SHAREM, and AIREM into a
single database. The benefits of this database integration are a more comprehensive utilization of data,
reduced data collection for fleet users, and a standardization of how the data is analyzed.
Null, James Mark . Perturbative Inversion of Geoacoustic Parameters in a Shallow

Water Environment. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School,
1995.
Abstract: In many strategic shallow water areas the geoacoustic properties of the sub-bottom are largely
unknown. In this thesis it is demonstrated that inverse theory and measured data from a single
hydrophone can be used to accurately deduce the geoacoustic properties of the sub-bottom, even when
the initial background geoacoustic model is a highly inaccurate guess. Since propagation in shallow water
is very sensitive to the geoacoustic properties of the sub-bottom, the inverse technique developed in this
thesis presents the Navy with a vitally important, practical, and inexpensive means to improve sonar
performance prediction in a potentially hostile environment. To provide ground truth for the inverse
technique, measured data collected during Project GEMINI were compared to the inverse solutions.
Detailed, site-specific geoacoustic models were developed for two array locations and the Finite Element
Parabolic Equation (FEPE) model was used to estimate transmission loss (TL). The model estimates from
FEPE compared well with the measured data and the detailed geoacoustic models were considered as
ground truth. To test the efficacy of the technique, initial background geoacoustic models were
constructed assuming no a priori information of the bottom. The resultant inverse solution was used to
predict the geoacoustic properties at each of the sites. The final results were in excellent agreement with
the measured data and the resulting inverse technique TL estimates were as good or better than the Th
estimates obtained from the detailed, site-specific geoacoustic models.
Electronic access: http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/95_Null.pdf
79
Offenberg, Jerome William. Marginal Oscillator For A Modified Free Precession
Magnetometer. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Thesis (M.S.in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1969.
Abstract: The primary interest concerns the use of a magnetometer for mine detection, anti-submarine
warfare, salvaging and other related naval perations. The original concept of a modified free precession
magnetometer using the Overhauser Effect was formulated by A. Abragam. The objective of this thesis was
to develop an improved marginal oscillator for the magnetometer. (Author)
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS O248
Ong, Seow Meng. A Mission Planning Expert System with Three-Dimensional

Path Optimization for the NPS Model 2 Autonomous Underwater Vehicle.
Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1990.
Abstract: Unmanned vehicle technology has matured significantly over the last two decades. This is
evidenced by its widespread use in industrial and military applications ranging from deep-ocean
exploration to anti-submarine warfare. Indeed, the feasibility of short range, special-purpose vehicles
(whether autonomous or remotely operated) is no longer in question. The research efforts have now
begun to shift their focus on development of reliable, longer range, high-endurance and fully autonomous
systems. One of the major underlying technologies required to realize this goal is Artificial Intelligence
(AI). The latter offers great potential to endow vehicles with the intelligence needed for fully automated
and extended range capability; this involves the increased application of AI techniques to support mission
planning and execution, navigation and contingency planning. This thesis addresses two issues
associated with the above goal for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV's). Firstly, a new approach is
proposed for path planning in underwater environments that is capable of dealing with uncharted
obstacles and which requires significantly less planning time and computer memory. Secondly, it explores
the use of expert system technology in the planning of AUV missions. (KR)
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS O5825
Panoff, Timothy J. Reference Path Generation and Tracking of Marine Vehicles.

Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.
Abstract: This thesis analyzes the problem of accurate path keeping for marine vehicles. The reference
path is generated automatically through the use of a critically damped second order model. An
appropriate shift in the time axis allows a smooth path with zero overshoot regardless of the initial
conditions. Control design for the physical system is achieved through the use of optimum control and
linear quadratic regulator techniques. Results are presented for general maneuvering scenarios in the
horizontal plane and demonstrate the validity of the models used in the research.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS P145755
Peck, Robert Louis. A Systematic Approach Toward Developing ASW Tactics

Based on Plausible Soviet Resource Allocation. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(AD777216). 37 p.
Abstract: The thesis relates the fact that, in the past, our ASW community has placed great (and
justifiable) emphasis in detection and classification of submarines, while a serious lag in tactical
procedures has developed. In order to alleviate this problem, it was felt that a systematic approach be
80
taken which uses the principles of Operations Research. By examining submarine warfare from the
viewpoint of the Soviet Union, a resource allocation problem was devised which compares the various
submarine classes and the possible mission areas in which they may be assigned. Characteristics and
available numbers of submarines were estimated, and the resulting allocation of forces was determined.
(Modified author abstract)
Philipp, Brian F. Categorical Analysis of Weapon System Accuracy Trial (WSAT)

Data. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Abstract: This thesis contains an analysis of the last five years of Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW)
Weapon System Accuracy Trial (WSAT) data from both the Atlantic and Pacific Fleet. The analysis is
conducted in an effort to provide recommendations to be applied toward future evolution of the ASW Test
Program for surface ships. A statistical chi-square test is conducted on Fleet and Navy wide data to
determine which ASW combat system material categories are most prone to degradation. Additionally, a
critical examination of the existing WSAT data base is provided with an aim toward promoting future
statistical analysis. Results of this thesis indicate that degradation to weapons delivery systems like
torpedo tubes and ASROC launchers are statistically significant with respect to other material categories.
The analysis also shows how the existing WSAT data base can easily be modified and adapted for further
use to document inspections on existing ships as well as new construction ships with future material
systems.
Pollak, Kenneth D. Real-Time Enhancement of a Climatology or Forecast of Ocean

Thermal Structure Using Observed Ocean Temperatures. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1984. (ADA151118). 66 p.
Abstract: Vertical temperature profiles observed in the eastern North Pacific were used to examine the
feasibility of extrapolating an observation from one location to another. The technique, referred to as
simple enhancement, is a special case of the Gandin (1963) optimum interpolation methodology.
Application to Navy ASW (Antisubmarine Warfare) operations is considered. The technique requires the
use of a trial value and a local observation. Trial values are obtained from a climatology and a synoptic
analysis /forecast system provided by the Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center. An enhanced
temperature profile is calculated by adding an observed anomaly (i.e., observation minus trial value) to
the trial value at the desired location. Calculations of mean and RMS errors indicate that simple
enhancement can provide a closer estimate to actual conditions than unenhanced climatology. The mixed
layer depth cannot be extrapolated accurately to new locations presumably due to mesoscale eddies,
fronts, internal waves and small scale fluctuations at the base of the mixed layer. Experiments at different
locations and seasons would be required for a complete assessment of the application to ASW
operations.
Recalde, Cesar J. Reactive ASW Sonar Search Tactical Decision Aid. Monterey,
Abstract: This thesis develops, implements and tests a Tactical Decision Aid for a Reactive Target ASW
Active Search. The mode uses a Bayesian Filtering Process to fuse information from a real world search
conducted by several assets with information from a Monte Carlo Simulation that encompasses five
81
hundred equally likely different possible initial positions and behaviors of the real target. A Reactive
Target Model resembles the behavior of a target that is always aware and reacts because of the
presence and activity of the searchers. An initial 'prior', or best estimate of the location of the target is
updated using the movement of the simulated targets, the negative information conveyed in an
unsuccessful search over a period of time and the positive information implied in a contact report. The
search effort is measured using a Fixed Scan Stochastic Model that solves the Sonar Equation limited by
noise and reverberation. As a result of updating the prior, a 'posterior' distribution is obtained. The Law of
Total Probabilities is used to render a probability map of the location of the Target by mapping color
intensities to probabilities. A recursive expression for evaluating a contact report is also developed.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS R2576
Ridings, William V. Analysis of Effects of Variable Factors on Weapon

Performance. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Abstract: Statistical analysis provides a powerful tool for modern decision makers. Unfortunately, this
tool can be a two-edged sword. Improper or erroneous analysis can result in incorrect and costly
decisions. Many analysis errors can be traced to the misapplication of statistical methods. When
examining experimental data, it is first necessary to determine the true nature of that data, specifically,
the structure from which the data is drawn. This determination will then be a primary factor in the choice
of statistical tests. This thesis examines an analysis performed by Surface Warfare Development Group
(SWDG). The SWDG analysis is shown to be incorrect due to the misapplication of testing methods. A
corrected analysis is presented and recommendations suggested for changes to the testing procedures
used by SWDG. Additionally, a computer program to perform basic Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests is
provided to be appended to the current SWDG statistical software.
Rinaldi, Ronald Daniel. The Probable Distribution of Whales as False Sonar

Targets in the North Pacific Ocean by Analysis of Whaling Data. Monterey, CA:
Abstract: False Sonar targets present a serious unpredicted problem to U. S. Navy ASW units. It is
believed that planning and operations could be enhanced by a forecasting capability for whale
distribution. As a possible solution to this problem, a modified form of the 'Transect Method of population
estimation' is applied to whaling data to calculate probable numbers of false targets per 1000 nautical
miles of steaming with a 1000 yard sonar range. Japanese and Russian whale fishery data are analyzed
by the 'q' and Expected Catch methods of population dynamics to obtain two independent estimates of
the populations of fin, sei and sperm whales. The mean of the two estimates is applied to the equation
along with a term for assumed ideal sonar conditions. (Author)
Robbins, Douglas L. Decision-Making Process of an Antisubmarine Warfare

Commander. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Abstract: This thesis represents a study of the decision-making process of an Anti-submarine Warfare
Commander (ASWC). Several real world operational issues are analyzed and discussed as to how they
can influence his thought process when making decisions. One approach to model this individual's
thought process was accomplished by ALPHATECH, INC. By utilizing an ASW scenario, it evaluates how
82
an ASWC makes his tactical decisions to track submarines based upon pieces of received acoustical
information. In order to improve this model's representation of a realistic operational environment, a
conceptual ASWC decision-making model is provided here.
Roll, Raymond B. Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages Associated with

the Consolidation of the HS And HSL Missions and Communities. Monterey, CA:
Abstract: This study examines the advantages and disadvantages associated with the consolidation of
the Helicopter Antisubmarine (HS) and Helicopter Anti-submarine (Light) (HSL) communities. The primary
source material is generated from personal interviews of the Commanding Officers of these communities.
The helicopter and mission developments of each community are researched to determine the goals,
environments and technology that shape the squadron operational structures. The operational design of
the current squadrons are then examined to see how they are structured to respond to these
organizational constraints. This paper analyzes both sides of the consolidation issue and proposes four
combined community organizations. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of each new
structure are reviewed to make recommendations on consolidating the HS and HSL communities. This
study also recommends a Project Action Team be formed to continue analyzing the consolidation of these
communities and outline the steps required to implement a consolidation plan. Anti-submarine
Warfare(ASW), Fleet Replacement Squadron(FRS), Helicopter Anti-submarine(HS) Helicopter Anti-
Submarines(Light)(HSL).
Sanchez, Jaime Cortes. Small Computer analysis of Regional Ocean Data.

Abstract: The study presents the results of an experiment in objective analysis of oceanographic data
for a limited area. The objective analysis is designed to provide a reliable operational system for tactical
use in coastal waters. It is shown that this approach makes it possible to obtain a very detailed analysis
with good vertical consistency and that only a relatively small amount of highly accurate data is required.
The procedure requires only a small computer and little computer time. This method will provide a basis
for short-time forecasts of oceanographic parameters using only small computer centers or even time
sharing systems.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS S1579
Sandel, Clyde D and Mary F. Gleason. Enlistment Standards as Related to

Performance in Aviation Antisubmarine Warfare Operator and Aviation
Antisubmarine Warfare Technician Ratings. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA137558). 75 p.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to discover if the Navy's system of assigning personnel to the
Aviation antisubmarine Warfare Technician (AX) and the Aviation Antisubmarine Warfare Operator (AW)
ratings can be improved. A multivariable model is developed using success and failure as criterion
variables. Biographical and aptitude data available at the time of enlistment are used as predictor
variables. Two independent models were created using data available on personnel entering the Navy in
1976, 1977 and 1978. The models were then validated on a new sample. These models predict the future
fleet performance of AX and AW personnel as measured by length of service, paygrade achieved, and
83
recommendation for reenlistment. Other results and recommendations regarding implementation and
future research are discussed. (Author)
Saunders, Norman Thomas and Harald Ziehms. An Investigation of the Concepts of

Purposeful Searches. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Abstract: A discrete-time discrete-space search model is considered in which an observer employing an
idealized detection device is searching for a uniformly distributed stationary target. The model is
formulated as a discrete-time counting process, called the search process, which under weak additional
conditions is uniquely determined by a sequence of probabilities. Formulas for the time-to-detection and
the detection rate of a search are derived in terms of the parameters of the search process, and are
applied to two special types of searches, the systematic search and the random search. Using these
search types as boundary cases a purposeful search is defined, and sufficient conditions on the
sequence of probabilities are established for the purposeful search. Possible extensions of the search
process to less restricted models are indicated. (Author)
Sawrey, William Michael. Comparison of Propagation Loss Output from the

Tactical Environmental Support System (TESS v. 2.2A) and ASW Tactical
Decision Aid (v. 2.1.2.1). Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science) Naval Postgraduate School, 1993.
Abstract: The United States Navy uses a number of different systems to predict underwater acoustic
transmission loss for operational forces. Historically, these systems have used different acoustic models
and supporting databases, resulting in significantly different predictions. Major efforts to bring all acoustic
models and databases under configuration control in the Oceanographic and Atmospheric Master Library
(OAML) have reduced, but not eliminated, differences in acoustic predictions. Comparisons of 1600
transmission loss runs from the AntiSubmarine Warfare Tactical Decision Aid (ASWTDA) and the Tactical
Environmental Support System (TESS) were made in the Mediterranean and Sea of Japan for the
months of January and July. All inputs to the acoustic models were provided by the respective system
databases. Significant differences between ASWTDA and TESS in the areas investigated are evident in
regions of complex bathymetry, and these differences become more acute with higher frequency....
TESS, ASWTDA, RAYMODE, ASTRAL, PE, Transmisssion Loss.
Schmidt, Dennis Arvin. NPSNET: A Graphical Based Expert System to Model P-3
Aircraft Interaction with Submarines and Ships. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA271543). 89 p.
Thesis (Master of Computer Science) Naval Postgraduate School, 1993.
Abstract: The Computer Science Department at Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California has
developed a low-cost battlespace simulation system, known as NPSNET, to work on commercially
available Silicon Graphics IRIS workstations. Initial work on NPSNET has concentrated primarily on
ground-based forces with only limited work focusing on naval or maritime air forces. With the present
movement of the military towards totally integrated joint force operations, there exists a need to expand
existing modeling and simulation programs to include all aspects of military operations. This thesis takes
a step in that direction by incorporating naval maritime air units into NPSNET, expanding its capability to
include naval and Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) units. This work focuses on several areas of research,
including modeling of the P-3 aircraft, aircraft motion control, aircraft ordnance ballistics modeling,
84
interstation networking using the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocol and development of an
expert system to autonomously control aircraft behavior. Graphics, P-3, Expert systems, Torpedo
ballistics, Sonobuoy ballistics, CLIPS.
Schriner, Karl Leonard. A Study of Enlisted Training and Education in Applied

Oceanography. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Abstract: The study concludes that the primary reason for present programs of enlisted training and
education in oceanography is to support ASW. There is a significant lack of courses, schools, and self-
study material available to enlisted personnel on the subject of oceanography. Through more than the
surface ASW community in the ability to utilize ASW. ASW sonar technicians are inadequately trained in
environmental effects on underwater sound propagation. To increase the oceanography knowledge of all
enlisted personnel including STs and to provide enlisted ratings to better utilize training in environmental
effects, several programs are proposed. These programs include an ASW sensor rating and an
oceanographer rating. (Author)
Schroeder, Roger Glenn. Search and Evasion Games. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1966. (TR/RP-68; AD639921). 39 p.
Abstract: The author develops some two-person zero-sum formulations of search and evasion
problems. By employing a game theoretic approach, he allows the hider, as well as the searcher, to
choose a strategy. This is in contrast to most search models which assume a stationary or passive hider.
Both non-sequential and sequential search games are investigated. Some interesting aspects of the non-
sequential game and an example of an antisubmarine search problem are given. The sequential games
consist of a sequence of moves. When the players move, they not only determine a payoff but also the
probability that the game terminates before the next move. When at most a finite number of moves is
allowed, he proves that a solution may be found by solving a recursive sequence of matrix games. When
the number of moves is not bounded, the game is characterized by a special type of non-linear program.
The solution to this program can be approximated by successive perturbations of a related linear
program. He obtains the result that a pair of strategies minimaxes the expected duration of the game if
and only if these strategies also maximin the probability of termination in one step.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL TA7 .U62 NO.68
Shaffer, Richard M. Evaluation of the MPA Detection and Allocation Models

Utilized by the ASW Systems Evaluation Tool (ASSET). Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1991. (ADA246595). 52 p.
Abstract: The primary objective of this thesis is to analyze and recommend improvements to the
Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) detection and allocation models utilized by the ASW Systems Evaluation
Tool (ASSET), version 1.0. ASSET is a generic high-level ASW modeling tool, designed to aid CNO (OP-
71) in the development and refinement of ASW top-level warfare requirements and the ASW Master Plan.
ASSET's strengths lie in its C3I modeling of submarine, MPA, and overhead surveillance in large scale
ASW campaigns. To reduce the processing time required by ASSET, the current version of the MPA
detection model contains simplifications which can limit its ability to effectively simulate some MPA
tactical ASW scenarios. This thesis proposes two new MPA detection models which utilize the coverage
area of a user-defined sonobuoy pattern and address the limitations of the current ASSET model. Also
proposed is an MPA allocation scheme which should provide a higher cumulative detection probability.
85
Shaheen, Frederick F. Soviet Union and Its Caribbean Allies: Strategic, Maritime,
and Regional Threat to the United States. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA155886). 96 p.
Abstract: The Soviet Union's activity in the Carribean Basin, executed via its client-states of Cuba and
Nicaragua, has created a serious threat to U.S. security in the region. This threat to U.S. security takes
two forms. The first is the reality of a heavily militarized Cuba posing a significant anti-SLOC potential
against Caribbean sea lanes in the event of general war. Such a scenario would tie down NATO
antisubmarine warfare (ASW) assets in the Caribbean, detracting from NATO's ability to wage the ASW
campaign in more critical areas such as the Central and North Atlantic. The second threat is Nicaraguan
and Cuban active support of leftist insurgencies in the Basin. These efforts, at the direction of the Soviet
Union, pose, not a potential, but a present-day and ongoing security concern for the United States. This
thesis briefly examines the historical context of Soviet involvement in the region, and then proceeds to
catalog the above mentioned threats to U.S. security, and discusses their implications.
Shudde, Rex H. Estimation of a Contact's Course, Speed and Position Based on

Bearings-Only Information From Two Moving Sensors with a Program for an HP-
67/97 Calculator. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1977. (NPS-55-77-43,
ADA050011). 22 p.
Abstract: This report provides a procedure for estimating a contact's course, speed and position based
on bearings-only data from two moving sensors. This report also contains a program for the HP-67 /97
calculator to implement the procedure. (Author)
Smith, Billy Joe and Larry Wayne Vice. Probability and Its Applications to
Antisubmarine Warfare. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Abstract: A basic course with applications of probability to ASW, the course consists of six lesson plans
and a 'Study Guide.' The lesson plans are designed to give the/an instructor guidance in what to teach,
the depth required and objectives the student should be able to accomplish. The 'Study Guide' provided is
for the use of both the instructor and the student, and it should serve as a basic text for the course.
Current ASW tactical publications were examined by the authors while developing the course, and as
many of the probability applications and as much associated probability terminology from these sources
as practicable (and when this could be accomplished at the 'unclassified' level) are incorporated in the
course.
Smith, Thomas Joseph. Two Evaluative Models for a Family of Submarine Versus
Submarine Expanding Square Search Plans. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(AD7698244). 94 p.
Abstract: The thesis investigates the effectiveness of a search plan developed by B. O. Koopman in a
submarine versus submarine search situation. Two computer simulation models allow probability of target
86
detection as a function of sonar range to be used as a measure of effectiveness. The Koopman search
plan is analyzed and a family of alternate search plans are developed. The choice of a particular alternate
search plan is dependent on the parameters of the problem. These parameters are target speed,
searcher speed, time late to the search area and total time available to conduct the search. By use of the
computer programs a search plan can be chosen so as to maximize the probability of target detection at a
particular sonar range for each combination of input parameters. (Author)
Stair, Sammy Dean. The Application of the Kalman Filter to the Sonobuoy
Reference System on the S3A. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(AD753608). 33 p.
Abstract: In 1960 R. E. Kalman introduced a least square concept that gives optimal estimates for the
state of some dynamic systems. Included is a brief historical introduction leading to his work, a summary
of his work, and the application of the theory to the sonobuoy reference system used on the S3A aircraft.
Also, a tutorial development of certain quantities used in the filter is presented. (Author)
Story, William Ferguson. A Short History of Operations Research in the United

States Navy. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Abstract: The thesis traces the history of the practice of and organization for operations research in the
United States Navy. The author points out that operations research was being conducted in the U. S.
Navy before operations research became identified as a separate science. From that point its growth,
major accomplishments and organizational changes are described. The final part of the thesis outlines
the organization through which the Navy conducts its operations research and systems analysis at the
present. (Author)
Stuart, Jay C. Optimal Evasive Trajectories of an Isotropic Acoustic Radiator.

Abstract: The effects of detection equipment integration time on the optimal evasive trajectory of an
isotropic acoustic radiator are studied. The boundary cases of infinite and zero integration time are
examined. The infinite integration time case is formulated as a control problem and a maximum principle
solution is obtained. The results consist of advice as to the choice of control vectors. The zero integration
time problem is formulated in ordinary differential equations and the results consist of control vector
advice. The relative movement plots and control vectors of the two bounding cases are compared.
Sullivan, Daniel J. A Correlation Study of Some Factors Effecting Submarine

Detection by Destroyer Mounted Sonars. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(AD722573). 47 p.
Abstract: A FORTRAN IV computer program was employed to conduct a statistical analysis of data
collected during fleet antisubmarine warfare exercises. The object of the investigation was the
87
identification of those variables which had greatest influence on a destroyer's ability to detect a submarine
under certain conditions. The variables were treated as a random vector arising from one of two
multivariate normal populations with common covariance matrix. An artificial regression relation was
formulated to facilitate development of a linear discriminant function in a subset of those variables found
to be of dominant importance. This latter subset was identified by examination of multiple correlation
coefficients. The discriminant function was found to be seventy five per cent effective in classifying the
experimental data correctly. (Author)
The'berge, Marc W. Three Case Studies of Management Information Systems.

Abstract: The Naval Postgraduate School must, by default, make use of teaching cases in information
technology case studies oriented or based upon corporations. It has been difficult for the school to obtain
such studies oriented to the military, much less the United States Navy. This thesis provides the Naval
Postgraduate School with three teaching cases concerning automated information systems serving the
administrative and operational needs of unit-level command organizations.
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS T3634
Timmerman, Michael Jay. Genetic Algorithm Based Anti-Submarine Warfare

Simulator. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available from
Thesis (Master of Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1993.
Abstract: This research was aimed at improving the genetic algorithm used in an earlier anti-submarine
warfare simulator. The problem with the earlier work was that it focused on the development of the
environmental model, and did not optimize the genetic algorithm which drives the submarine. The
improvements to the algorithm centered on finding the optimal combination of mutation rate, inversion
rate, crossover rate, number of generations per turn, population size, and grading criteria. The earlier
simulator, which was written in FORTRAN-77, was recoded in Ada. The genetic algorithm was tested by
the execution of several thousand runs of the simulation, varying the parameters to determine the optimal
solution. Once the best combination was found, it was further tested by having officers with anti-
submarine warfare experience run the simulation in various scenarios to test its performance. The
optimum parameters were found to be: population size of eight, five generations per turn, mutation rate of
0.001, inversion rate of 0.25, crossover rate of 0.65, grading criteria of sum of the fitness values of all
alleles while building the strings, and checking the performance against the last five environments for the
final string selection. The use of these parameters provided for the best overall performance of the
submarine in a variety of tactical situations. The submarine was able to close the target and execute an
attack in 73.1% of the two hundred tests of the final configuration of the genetic algorithm.
Tisdale, Vance S. Investigation of Initial Detection Models in the Search and

Localization Tactical Decision Aid (SALT). Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA238698). 52 p.
Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to investigate the initial search planning phase of the Search and
Localization Tactical Decision Aid (SALT) developed by METRON, Incorporated of McLean, VA. SALT is
a Computer Assisted Search (CAS) program intended for use by P3 UPDATE IV crews to assist them in
optimal deployment of a sonobuoy field to prosecute a submarine threat. The initial search planning
phase of SALT takes as user inputs environmental data, an initial elliptical Search Probability Area, an
assumed target motion model, and the duration of the search. Outputs include a recommended sonobuoy
88
pattern and the probability of detection of this pattern. The investigation of this phase of the algorithm is
conducted in two parts. First, a series of simulation routines is used to ensure that the probability of
detection of the sonobuoy patterns generated by SALT is mathematically correct. Second, these same
computerized simulation routines are used to determine if there are alternate sonobuoy patterns that
result in higher probabilities of detection.
Tobin, Albert A. Analyst's and User's Guide to the Passive Sonar Model in the
Naval Warfare Interactive Simulation System. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA147055). 118 p.
Thesis (M.S. in System Tech.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1984.
Abstract: This user's guide examines the passive sonar model used by the Naval Warfare Interactive
Simulation System (NWISS). The processes by which passive sonar detections are made are discussed.
The thesis includes an explanation of how to affect those processes in order to control the interaction and
results of an NWISS ASW scenario. A method for determining a sonar system's figure of merit and
estimating ranges of detection is presented for the benefit of the operator who prepares the scenario, as
well as for the user. This method is primarily intended for use with NWISS in its tactical training role.
Traganza, Eugene Dewees. The Use of Temperature and Color in Satellite

Detection of Ocean Fronts and Eddies for ASW Applications. A Summary of
Selected Literature Condensed and Edited. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(NPS-68-79-008, ADA069955). 60 p.
Technical report, period July to September 1978.
Abstract: The purpose of this report is to briefly update the state of the art of detection of ocean fronts
and eddies by satellite sensed sea surface temperature and to consider oceanographic color
characteristics which may be used to detect their presence when the sea surface temperature pattern is
absent.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL G70.4 .T76
Trelles Sánchez, Jorge. Prediction of the Far-Field Beam Pattern of a Random

Noise Source from Measurements Made in the Near-Field. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1976. (ADA035850). 54 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Engineering Acoustics) Naval Postgraduate School, 1976.
Abstract: A theory is presented for computing the far field beam patterns from distributed random noise
sources. The theoretical model uses the Green's Function for the wave equation and the space-time
autocorrelation function for determining the radiation from a randomly vibrating area. The actual far field
beam pattern of a horn speaker in an anechoic chamber was obtained, and also near field measurements
were taken to obtain the correlation distance and the mean square of the particle velocity using the
autocorrelation function. Finally a computer program was written to evaluate the integral wave equation
by numerical methods. It was found that the critical parameters in the mathematical model were the
correlation distance and the frequency limits of integration. Small variations in the correlation distance
modified greatly the width of the predicted beam pattern, while changes in the limits of integration had a
moderate effect. The Frequency Spectrum was obtained in the anechoic chamber and it was used to
determine the limits of integration of the integral solution for the intensity field.
89
Tritten, James John. Naval Arms Control: An Idea Whose Time Has Yet to Come.
Technical Information Service, 1989. (NPS-56-89-015, ADA212743). 29 p.
Abstract: Analysis of three major areas for naval arms control proposals: restrictions on strategic
antisubmarine warfare, naval operations, and strategic antisubmarine warfare technology. Author reviews
the goals of arms control and finds none of these three areas in need of regulation. Author concludes with
a number of innovative areas for naval arms control in areas of doctrine, strategy, operations, and
exercises with concrete recommendations and acceptable (to USN) fallback positions. (SDW)
________. Naval Arms Control: A Poor Choice of Words and an Idea Whose Time
Has Yet to Come. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1990. (NPS-56-90-012,
ADA226710). 77 p.
Abstract: Author makes case that due to recent events, initiatives in areas of naval arms control are
extremely poorly timed. These events include political changes in USSR, the changing international
security environment, the new Soviet military doctrine and strategy, ongoing arms control negotiations,
unarticulated U.S. and NATO goals, and changes in Soviet and U.S. planning assumptions and
scenarios. Author then analyses three major areas for naval arms control proposals: (1) restrictions on
strategic antisubmarine warfare, (2) naval operations, and (3) strategic antisubmarine warfare technology
and fanks them on technical grounds. Author reviews the goals of arms control and finds none of these
three areas in need of formal regulation. Author concludes with a number of innovative areas for naval
arms control in areas of doctrine, strategy, operations, and exercises with concrete recommendations and
acceptable (to USN) fallback positions. (Author) (kr)
________. Scenarios of Nuclear Escalation Dominance and Vulnerability.

Technical Information Service, 1988. (NPS-56-88-013, ADA195668). 43 p.
Abstract: This document examines the role of strategic missile - carrying submarines in deterrence and
mission of attacking these forces during the conventional phase of a war. Strategies considered include
wars originating in varying regions. Included is a discussion of varying locations for submarine
deployments impacting on potential Antisubmarine Warfare campaign. Escalation considerations include
vertical, horizontal, and time. It concludes with analysis of possible arms control regulations. (KR)
________. Withholding and Attacking SSBNs. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate

(NPS-56-88-004, ADA189439). 23 p.
Abstract: This report examines the role of strategic missile carrying submarines in deterrence and the
mission of attacking these forces during the conventional phase of a war. It includes discussion of varying
locations for submarine deployments impacting on potential antisubmarine warfare campaigns, and also
analyzes possible arms control regulation of ASW.
Van Train, WA. Submarine Barrier Analysis by a Computer War Game Method.
Thesis (M.S. in ??) Naval Postgraduate School, 1961.
90
Abstract: The computer war game is emerging as a vital tool for finding near-optimal solutions to current
military problems. A computer war game designed to permit parametric analysis of a submarine barrier is
developed. Simulation techniques both mathematical and computer, are discussed. The effects of
assumptions inherent in the computer war game are described. Illustrative analyses conducted through
use of this computer war game are exhibited. Potential uses and methods for improvement of the
developed war game are discussed. (Author)
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS V32
Vebber, Paul W. Examination of Target Tracking in the Antisubmarine Warfare

Systems Evaluation Tool (ASSET). Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(ADA245802). 129 p.
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1991.
Abstract: The role of the Maneuvering Target Statistical Tracker (MTST), a Kalman filter tracking
algorithm based on the Integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (IOU) motion process, in the Antisubmarine
Warfare System Evaluation Tool (ASSET) is examined and its operation described. ASSET is a campaign
simulation which models open-ocean ASW scenarios featuring prosecution of hostile submarines by
friendly submarines and aircraft based on cues provided by data fusion centers. The heart of each data
fusion center is an MTST which integrates new contact information into tracks. Comparing the level of
sophistication of the tracking algorithm to that of the contact data provided to it, a number of
simplifications are proposed. These include using reduced complexity IOU prediction and Kalman filter
equations; the use of preprocessed variance data together with the true position of targets to estimate,
rather than explicity calculate, updated track states; and limiting contact processing based on information
content. Results indicate a good simulation of tracker output is produced using a greatly simplified
algorithm. This technique can be generalized to other types of simulations involving target tracking.
Vermillion, George M. Development of a Decision Aid for Passive Acoustic

Localization Using Knowledge of the Environment. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1983. (ADA128604). 87 p.
Abstract: No abstract available.
Walsh, Raymond Michael. The Effect of False Contacts on the Probability of

Detecting a Submarine. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Abstract: A computer war game is developed to measure the effect of false contacts on the probability
of detecting a submarine. The variables are the probability of correctly classifying a non-submarine
contact, the probability of correctly classifying a submarine contact, and the false contact density. A
scenario is developed to focus on the false contact problem while holding other ASW variables constant.
It is concluded from the output of the game that the effect of false contacts is deeply embedded in the
interrelationships between units. (Author)
NPS/DKL Location: THESIS W22284
Washburn, Alan. TBMs and the Flaming Datum Problem. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1993. (NPS-OR-93-015, ADA273215). 13 p.
91
Abstract: Theater Ballistic Missile launching systems are vulnerable just after a missile is launched
because the missile's track can be extrapolated backwards to the location of the launcher. The situation is
similar to one where a submarine torpedoes a ship, thus creating a flaming datum near which ASW forces
may concentrate a search for the submarine. This report describes how some simple analytic methods
adapted from ASW can be applied to the task of locating the TBM launcher. TBM, Scud, Search.
Waterman, Larry Wayne. Officer Education and Training in Oceanography for ASW
and Other Naval Applications. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(AD741135). 218 p.
Abstract: The study into the knowledge and experience required for optimum performance by officers
assigned to operational, R+D, and managerial duties in Anti-submarine Warfare concludes that
oceanography should receive the major emphasis in an interdisciplinary graduate level program of the
contributing disciplines in ASW. In planning education and training for officers in ASW and other
oceanography-related duties the total Service experience should be considered. Oceanography graduate
curricula are recommended which will provide knowledge for developing careers of three categories of
officers who respectively will: 'specialize' in ASW; become special duty 'environmentalists'; and serve in
technical management assignments. Billets are identified for each of these categories. (Author)
Whalen, Harold R. III. Preliminary Software Design for a Personal Computer-Based

Antisubmarine Warfare Tactical Flight Simulator. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1985. (ADA162255). 75 p.
Abstract: This thesis provides a preliminary software design for an Antisubmarine Warfare Tactical
Flight Simulator. The simulation uses AN/ASN-123 Tactical Navigation Set (TACNAV) display symbology
and selectable graphic functions to track and localize a single fully-evasive submarine. The primary
design objectives are flexibility, utility, and understandability. A composite design methodology including
levels of abstraction, information hiding, coupling, and cohesion as modularization criteria is used to effect
a top-down modular decomposition of the simulation. A hierarchical structure is developed and modular
packaging is discussed. Some aspects of physical implementation are also discussed and appropriate
recommendations made. (Author)
Wichert, Terry S. Feature Based Neural Network Acoustic Transient Signal

Classification. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1993.
Abstract: Utilization of neural network techniques to recognize and classify acoustic signals has long
been pursued and shows great promise as a robust application of neural network technology. Traditional
techniques have proven effective but in some cases are quite computationally intensive, as the sampling
rates necessary to capture the transient result in large input vectors and thus large neural networks. This
thesis presents an alternative transient classification scheme which considerably reduces neural network
size and thus computation time. Parameterization of the acoustic transient to a set of distinct
characteristics (e.g. frequency, power spectral density) which capture the structure of the input signal is
the key to this new approach. Testing methods and results are presented on networks for which
computation time is a fraction of the necessary with traditional methods, yet classification reliability is
maintained. Neural network acoustic classification systems utilizing the above techniques are compared
92
to classic time domain classification networks. Last, a case study is presented which looks at these
techniques applied to the acoustic intercept problem.
Wilde, Robert L. Comparative Analysis of a CV Helicopter and a JVX (Joint

Services Advanced Vertical Lift) Tilt-Rotor Aircraft in an Aircraft Carrier Based
ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare). Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(ADA156871). 134 p.
Abstract: This thesis analyzes the environmental compatibility and the potential performance
capabilities of two proposed types of vertical flight capable aircraft in an aircraft carrier Anti-Submarine
role. The aircraft compared are the CV Helicopter(SH-60F) and an ASW variant of the Joint Services
Advanced Vertical Lift (JVX) tilt-rotor aircraft. This thesis compares their adaptability and relative expected
mission effectiveness by analyzing their physical dimensions and characteristics and their projected flight
performance parameters. Their expected performance in a specific scenario, an ASW pouncer mission
employing active dipping sonar, is analyzed using a simulation model. Keywords: Time On-Station;
Search and rescue; Flight deck; Detection probability; Helicopter in-flight refueling; Tilt-rotor; and Dipping
sonar.
Wile, Ted Shannon. Sealane Defense: An Emerging Role for the JMSDF. Monterey,
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1981
Abstract: Japan's economy, the third largest in the world, is totally dependent on the sea lines of
communication for the importation of 90 percent of its energy requirements and strategic metals and for
over 70 percent of its food. Despite the importance of the sealanes to Japanese security, the Japanese
Maritime Self Defense Force (JMSDF) remains incapable of protecting those sealanes against
interdiction. Although the JMSDF is currently the seventh largest navy in the world, future expansion has
been stymied by Japan's steadfast refusal to increase defense spending above one percent of the GNP.
Long-range procurement plans focus on qualitative improvements with a primary emphasis on anti-
submarine warfare, a strategy which could foreshadow a building program to enable the JMSDF to
control the vital sea lanes. On the other hand, political and domestic constraints on a strong military
indicate a continuing reliance on the United States for Japan's security. This study examines the factors
affecting military decision-making in Japan, looks into the problems and realities of sealane defense and
analyzes the future prospects for the JMSDF. (Author)
Wirtz, JJ. Allies and Theater Missile Defense: The Benefits of an ASW Approach
to Counterforce. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA: Available
from National Technical Information Service, 1994. (NPS-OR-94-007, ADA282801). 40
p.
Abstract: This report describes how the philosophy that influenced Anti-Submarine Warfare operations
can be used to guide counterforce attacks against mobile missiles. It explains why an ASW approach to
counterforce is superior to just attacking an opponent's missile infrastructure. It also explains why this
type of counterforce strategy can be based on preemption not preventive war. The impact of ASW
counterforce operations are also evaluated in terms of the stability-instability paradox, crisis stability,
alliance relations and deterrence. TBM, Scud, Search, Crisis-stability, Counterforce, Alliances.
93
Wright, Sherman E. A Proposed Tactical Antisubmarine Warfare Service Utilizing
Resonant Bubbles. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Springfield, VA:
Thesis (M.S. in Engineering Acoustics)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1973.
Abstract: An experimental investigation was made of the scattering properties of a bubble cloud in a
sound field in a fresh water medium. The size of the bubbles was on the order of 0.125 cm radius, and
was far above resonant size for the ensonifying sound field. It was determined that the bubbles scattered
coherently in the forescatter direction, and incoherently in the backscatter direction. Based upon the
scattering properties of the bubble cloud, it appears feasible to develop a device that could have tactical
applications in the prosecution of long-range submarine contacts held by active sonars. Such a device
would utilize the principle of resonant bubbles, and would require approximately 2.5 cubic feet of air
(corrected to STP) to maintain a +20dB target strength for five minutes of continuous operation. (Author)
94
ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) -- OTHER THESES & TECHNICAL REPORTS
Acker, David D. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Defense Systems

Acquisition Review Council (DSARC). Volume I. Technical Report with
Appendices A and B. Arlington VA: Information Spectrum Inc.; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1983. (ADA129795; ISI-V-3824-
03-VOL-1). 149 p.
Final report 1969-1982.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the Defense System Acquisition Review Council
(DSARC) process since its inception and to assess, in a qualitative sense, the degree to which the
process has proved to be effective and efficient. In contrast to earlier studies, this study focuses on both
the process and the supporting procedures from the standpoint of the program by examining impacts on
programs reviewed. The study focuses on two specific areas, the actual process; and the procedures.
The process in defined as the basic concept of decentralized management with centralized control of key
decisions. The procedures are defined as those activities required to support the process.
________. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Defense Systems Acquisition

Review Council (DSARC). Volume II. Part 2. Appendices J through R. Arlington
VA: Information Spectrum Inc.; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical
Information Service, 1983. (ADA129797, ISI-V-3824-03-VOL-2-PT-2). 279 p.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Defense System Acquisition Review Council
(DSARC) process since its inception and to assess, in a qualitative sense, the degree to which the
process has proved to be effective and efficient. The study focused on both the process and the
supporting procedures from the standpoint of specific programs. Study Reports contained in this volume
include: ROLAND Program Study Report; Copperhead Program Study Report; SOTAS Program Study
Report; AV-8B Program Study Report; LAMPS Program Study Report; TRIDENT Program Study Report;
FFG Program Study Report; HARPOON Program Study Report; and TACTAS Program Study Report.
Antipov, I. And J. Baldwinson. Detection Performance Prediction Model for a

Generic Anti-Submarine Warfare Radar Mode. Salisbury (Australia):. Defence
Science and Technology Organisation, Electronics and Surveillance Research, 2001.
(DSTO-TR-1101); (ADA389153). 94 p.
Abstract: This report describes the design and implementation of a detection performance prediction
model that has been developed for a generic Anti-Submarine Warfare mode of a maritime surveillance
radar system. The model provides a map of the predicted average probabilities of detection as a function
of range and look direction compared to the wind/swell direction for a user defined target in user defined
operational and environmental conditions.
Bermingham ,William and Robert Wolfe. MIL-STD-1553B Protocol Specification for

P-3 Modernization. Warminster,PA: Naval Air Development Center Software And
Computer Directorate; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information
Service, 1982. (ADA111679; NADC-81089-50). 84 p.
Abstract: This report describes a protocol developed for the P-3C Modernization Program utilizing the
MIL-STD-1553B Data Bus. The protocol described in this report is intended as a menu of tools to be
utilized, as the interfacing requirements govern, by the I/O and applications programmers. The work
formats specified are a layer below that of the application software except where specifically mentioned.
95
This protocol is intended to satisfy all currently envisioned P-3C interfacing requirements which fall into
the realm of the restrictions and capabilities imposed by MIL-STD-1553B.
Berni, A. and L.Mozzone. Wireless Tactical Networks in Support of Undersea

Research. La Spezia (Italy): SACLANT Undersea Research Centre, 2001. 10 p.
Presented at RTO information Systems Technology Panel (IST), Istanbul, Turkey 9-11
Oct 2000. This article is from ADA391919, New Information Processing Techniques for
Military Systems (les Nouvelles techniques de traitement de l'information pour les
systemes militaires) p16-1/16-9.
Abstract: Emerging concepts for Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) and Rapid Environmental
Assessment (REA) increasingly rely on communication technology in order to implement distributed
information networks and to exchange information between naval units and military commands ashore.
The necessary communication links could be accomplished using a variety of solutions: our main focus is
on radio frequency (RF) links which offer easy deployment and flexible operations. This document
illustrates how spread-spectrum techniques can be adopted to substitute and enhance existing
communications systems to permit the deployment of distributed scalable networks of ships and sensors
characterized by reliable performance (resistance to hostile jamming and environmental interference) and
low probability of interception. An overview of real applications in ASW and REA is presented.
Bischoff, D.E. and R.E. Palmer. Development of Lateral-Directional Equivalent

System Models for Selected U. S. Navy Tactical Aircraft. Warminster, PA: Naval Air
Development Center Aircraft and Crew Systems Technology Directorate, 1983.
(ADA141672; NADC-83116-60). 100 p.
Abstract: The high order transfer functions representing the lateral directional responses to pilot control
inputs were matched with low order equivalent forms in the frequency domain for five Navy tactical
aircraft: the A-6, A-7, S-3, F-14, and F-18. The candidate low order equivalent forms investigated were: 1)
the complete three degree of freedom representation of roll and sideslip angle responses, and 2) the
single degree of freedom roll mode and Dutch roll approximations. Acceptable models were generally
obtained for both forms. Simultaneous matching of sideslip and roll angle responses and/or apriori
information for the roots was required to match the full three degree of freedom forms. The equivalent
system models are discussed in terms of their match statistics. The equivalent system modal parameters,
when compared against the requirements of the military flying qualities specification, demonstrate level 1
flying qualities for the conditions analyzed with the exception of roll angle time delay for the A-7 and F-18
airplanes. The A-7's lateral command augmentation structure results in Level 2-3 equivalent time delays,
while the F-18's control force inputs produce Level 2 equivalent time delays. (Author)
Breyer, S. KYNDA Class 20 Years Old. Washington DC: Naval Intelligence Support
Center; Springfield, VA; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1982.
(ADA119812; NISC-TRANS-6875). 9 p.
English translation of Marine Rundschau (Germany, F.R.) n5 p. 252-255 May 82.
Brook, Linton F. Pricing Ourselves out of the Market: The Attack Submarine
Program. Newport, RI: Naval War College, 1979. (ADA079599). 47 p.
Abstract: Present high costs of nuclear attack submarines have led to reduced procurement rates and
will lead to significantly reduced force levels in the 1990's. The paper examines the impact of these
reduced levels in order to suggest possible steps to mitigate their severity. An analysis is first made of
possible roles for submarines under a variety of wartime scenarios; submarine employment is determined
to depend more on invariant Soviet naval missions than on the precise nature of a future war. The
96
interaction of U. S. submarine capabilities and Soviet Navy missions suggests the most important use of
submarines is in anti-submarine warfare, both for sea control and for protection of carrier power projection
forces. Dealing with the projected decrease in submarine force levels by reducing missions, improving
effectiveness of existing forces and building more submarines are each examined; the examination
suggests that no totally satisfactory solution exists given the probability of continued austere shipbuilding
budgets. The analysis concludes that a mixed approach including procurement of less expensive (and
less capable) nuclear submarines after 1985, extension of service life of some existing submarines, and
various other steps is required to maintain submarine warfare capabilities. (Author)
CALS Test Network. Technical Engineering Drawing Transfer Using: Loral

Defense Systems' Data. Supporting: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Vertical
Launch ASROC Program (Code 416). MIL-STD-1840A, MIL-D-28000A (IGES). Quick
Short Test Report. Wright-Patterson AFB, Oh: CALS Test Network; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. (ADA 312310; AFCTN-TR-
94-097; AFCTB-ID-94-055). 57 p.
Abstract: The purpose of the informal test, reported in this QSTR, was to analyze moral Defense
System's interpretation and use of the CALS standards in transferring technical engineering data. Loral
used its CALS Technical Data Interchange System to produce data, in accordance with the standards,
and delivered it to the AFCTN technical staff using an electronic ftp transfer. The stated purpose of this
test was to evaluate the data and not the CALS format.
Cooper, Keith and Ted Jones. Project Execution Plan for the Installation of the
SOCAL Acoustic Range (SOAR). Washington, DC: Chesapeake Division Naval
Facilities Engineeering Command, 1984. (CHES/NAVFAC-FPO-1-84(4); ADA168632).
72 p.
Abstract: The Southern California Acoustic Range (SOAR) is designed to provide a 100 square mile
Anti Submarine Warfare training range in 4000 feet of sea water west of San Clemente Island, California.
SAR will provide accurate tracking of air, surface and submerged targets. This plan is a working
document that details the mobilization, execution and demobilization of the underwater portion of the
SOAR project. The overall scenario of the project is to accomplish the following; (a) Prefabrication and
assemble project materials at NOSC, San Diego; (b) Conduct training near Coronado beach; (c) Mobilize
the OCP SEACON and UCT-2 personnel and equipment at West Cove, San Clemente Island; (d) Land
the SSL cable and deploy the SSL system at sea; (e) Land the WQC cable and deploy the WQC
transducer at sea; (f) Conduct a complete as-built survey (g) Demobilize SEACON and return all
equipments and (h) Prepare a detail completion report.
Cote, Owen R. The third battle: innovation in the U.S. Navy's silent Cold War
struggle with Soviet submarines. Newport, RI: Naval War College, Center for Naval
Warfare Studies, 2003. (Newport paper; no. 16). 104 p.
Contents: From Holland to the second battle: the first fifty years -- Phase I of the third
battle: the German Type XXI and the early Cold War, 1945-1990 -- Phase II of the third
battle: ASW and the two nuclear revolutions, 1950-1960 -- Phase III of the third battle:
ASW and the happy times, 1960-1980 -- Phase IV of the third battle: ASW and acoustic
parity, 1980-1990 -- The fourth battle? Submarines and ASW after the Cold War.
Electronic access: http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/npapers/np16/NewportPaper16.pdf
97
DiOrio, David R. Forward .... From Under the Sea Historical Perspective and
Future Vision of Submarine Littoral Warfare. Newport, RI: Naval War College
Department of Operations, 1995. (ADA293706). 21 p.
Abstract: This paper addresses the role of submarine warfare in today's national strategy. Analysis of
submarine coastal operations during the Pacific War, specifically during the final campaign to invade
mainland Japan, provides insight into submarine littoral warfare today. Following the decline of the Soviet
Union, U.S. forces have focused on the application of maneuver warfare against emerging regional
threats. Undoubtedly, this means control of the littoral regions of the world, where joint forces, including
submarines, can influence events ashore. Included within the text is a historical perspective and future
vision of submarine littoral warfare as it relates to operational maneuver from the sea.
Dobeck, Gerald Joseph. System identification and application to undersea

vehicles. Tampa, FL: USF, 1976. 164 l.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 1976.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL QA402 .D63
Domselaar, Gijsbertus E. Van. Some Models Relating to Encounters between Ships

in Transit and Submarines on Patrol. La Spezia, Italy: SACLANT ASW Research
Centre, 1980. (ADA095111; SACLANTCEN-SM-145). 31 p.
Abstract: Recently in force employment studies several high level campaign models have been
developed. These models mainly describe the interactions between Soviet submarines and NATO
reinforcement and resupply shipping. Values of input parameters are required, which could either be
determined by submodelling or simply be given. The choice highly depends on the sensitivity of the
results to these input parameters and to the available information for developing submodels. This
memorandum describes submodels for two input parameters to higher models: the encounter rate
between transitting NATO ships and a submarine on patrol, and the average time a submarine will spend
inside the convoy defences when attempting to attack a convoy. (Author)
Dutton, L.M. Flight Test Techniques Employed in the Nimrod MR Mk 2 Weapon

System Performance Trials. Boscombe Down, England: Aeroplane And Armament
Experimental Establishment; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical
This article is from the Proceedings of the Flight Mechanics Panel Symposium Held in
Lisbon, Portugal on 2-5 Apr 84, ADA147625, p. 14-1 - 14-13.
Abstract: The Nimrod MR Mk 2 represents a large step forward in antisubmarine warfare (ASW)
technology. Therefore aircraft operators need to know not only how accurately the new systems and
sensors work, but also the best ways in which to use the overall system as a fighting machine. A&AEE
Boscombe Down and the RAF Central Tactics and Trials Organisation joined forces to assess the ASW
performance of the Nimrod in as near an operational environment as possible. The paper shows how the
potential accuracy of the Nimrod's ASW system had to be matched by the precision of trials data
collection, in the air and both on and below the sea surface. To gain such precision, the aircraft were
extensively instrumented and the majority of the trials were conducted at the AUTEC Range in the
Bahamas. The paper continues by explaining how the trials analysis technique had to match the variety of
combinations of the data which were needed to make a statement on overall system performance.
Egeberg, Lansing E., Lyle D Johnson and Neil H. Farlow. Operation DOMINIC. Shot
SWORDFISH. Project Officers Report - Project 2.1. Radiological Effects from an
98
Underwater Nuclear Explosion. Santa Barbara, CA: Kaman Tempo, 1981.
ADA995152; DNA-POR-2004(EX) DOE-WT-2004(EX)). 84 p.
Extracted version of report dated 14 Jun 63, AD345025L.
Ford, Robert D. The Excedrin Headache of ASW: From U-boats to the New Boats.
Newport, RI: Naval War College, 1997. (ADA328139). 21 p.
Abstract: US forces today are under-trained in antisubmarine warfare, at a time when the world
conventionally powered submarine base is at an all-time high. The conventional submarine poses a unique
and potent threat to US forces, particularly in the littoral regions where ASW is the most difficult. The
lessons of World War II, in which German U-boats inflicted great damage and caused a disproportionate
diversion of Allied ASW assets, and the inability of British forces to detect the single Argentine submarine
San Luis in the Falklands War underscore the relevance of proper planning to deal with the submarine
threat in today's joint littoral warfare arena. The approach taken by JTF and Maritime Component staffs in
countering the conventional submarine is critical in the success of the maritime forces achieving dominance
as an enabling force in the joint littorals.
Friedman, M.J., L.J. Cowles and R.C. Carson, Jr. Application of Flight Performance
Advisory Systems to U.S. Navy Aircraft. Warminster PA: Naval Air Development
Center; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1986.
(ADA182150). 14 p.
This article is from 'Efficient Conduct of Individual Flights and Air Traffic or Optimum
Utilization of Modern Technology for the Overall Benefit of Civil and Military Airspace
Users; Conference Proceedings of the Symposium of the Guidance and Control Panel
(42nd) Held in Brussels, Belgium on 10-13 June 1986,' ADA182150, p. 62-1-62-14.
Abstract: The U.S. Navy, is currently investigating methods for improving the fuel efficiency of Navy
aircraft. Fuel saving concepts include an aircraft integrated flight performance advisory system, a pre-
flight mission planning program using a desk type computer and an aircraft performance advisory system
using an HP-41 DV hand-held calculator. The integrated flight performance advisory system for the F/A-
18, the A-7E, and the S-3 are described in detail by reviewing the displayed outputs to the pilots and
describing the required inputs and their sources. Features of each aircraft system are described in
accordance with the development status of the program. The preflight mission planning program using an
HP-9845 desktop computer is described for the P-3C aircraft. The approach to weather, takeoff and
cruise are described by specifying input and output data. Sample displays are also shown. The hand-held
HP-41 CV calculator used for flight performance predictions is described for takeoff and cruise flight
modes of this aircraft.
General Accounting Office, National Security and International Affairs Div. Navy
Maintenance: The P-3 Aircraft Overhaul Program Can Be Improved. Washington,
DC: General Accounting Office National Security and International Affairs Div;
Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service., 1987.
(ADA182095; GAO/NSIAD87-157). 29 p.
Abstract: The P-3 is a shore-based, long-range aircraft designed to combat submarines. The Navy has
24 active P-3 squadrons, 13 reserve squadrons, and 5 squadrons for training and special projects. The P-
3 inventory totals 441 aircraft. During its 30-year life, a P-3 is expected to undergo six overhauls at one of
two Naval Air Rework Facilities, also known as depots. The study's objective was to determine whether
the Navy could reduce depot overhaul turnaround time for the P-3 aircraft by improving overhaul
procedures. Topics examined include: Selecting aircraft for overhaul; Inspections needed to ensure
99
overhauls are necessary; Overhauls can be scheduled more efficiently; Labor resources can be applied
more efficiently; and Depots have excess overhaul capacity.
________. Undersea Surveillance: Navy Continues to Build Ships Designed for

Soviet Threat. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office National Security and
International Affairs Div; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information
Service, 1992. (ADA258570; GAO/NSIAD93-53). 40 p.
Report to the Acting Secretary of the Navy.
Abstract: The Navy's Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System (SURTASS) program, like other
defense programs, has been caught in the midst of rapidly changing world events. SURTASS sensors
'listen' for acoustic signals from enemy submarines in the deep, open ocean. However, the submarine
threat for which SURTASS was designed has declined dramatically with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
The United States no longer faces a well-defined nuclear submarine threat in the deep water ocean areas
where strategic naval conflict and antisubmarine warfare operations were expected to occur. Instead, the
Navy faces an ill-defined, less predictable regional threat from diesel submarines operating in shallow
water areas. Yet, the Navy continues to build SURTASS surveillance ships designed for the deep water
threat. In light of the recent world changes, we examined (1) how the submarine threat environment has
changed and (2) what changes the Navy has proposed regarding its SURTASS program.
________. Weapon Systems Overview: A Summary of Recent GAO (General

Accounting Office) Reports, Observations and Recommendations on Major
Weapon Systems. Washington, DC: GAO; Springfield, VA: Available from National
Technical Information Service, 1983. (ADA133323; GAO/NSIAD83-7). 103 p.
Report to the Congress.
Abstract: To aid the Congress in its deliberations on the fiscal year 1984 defense budget, The General
Accounting Office issued, from August 1982 through July 1983, 17 reports on selected weapon systems.
Chapter 2 summarizes the potential impact of GAO's recommendations and observations. Chapter 3
categorizes and summarizes the major issues highlighted in each report. These issues could have a
direct impact on the systems' efficient acquisition and/or operational effectiveness. These issues formed
the bases for GAO's recommendations and observations. Chapters 4 through 7 contain individual report
summaries. The systems which were reviewed and which are included in this overview are: AH-64; Army
Helicopter Improvement Program; Patriot; Sergeant York; Stinger POST; S-3A; CG-47; Rapidly
Deployable Surveillance System; TOMAHAWK; F/A-18; Over-the-Horizon Backscatter radar; The
antisatellite development program; The Wide Area Antiarmor Munitions; The B-1B bomber; Light Armored
Vehicle; Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile; and Trainer aircraft.
Grant, S.C. Assessing Intelligent Software Agents for Training Maritime Patrol
Aircraft Crews. Downsview (Ontario): Defence and Civil Inst. of Environmental
Medicine, 2001. (DCIEM-TR-2001-036);(ADA400717). 36 p.
Abstract: Training simulators often require the participation of several people to play the role of
supporting players in the simulated operation. Use of intelligent software agents to play the role of these
personnel has the potential to reduce support staff and increase an instructor's control of training. This
report evaluates a simulator prototype developed for the CP140 Aurora maritime patrol aircraft that
incorporated intelligent software agents to play the roles of the Tactical Navigator and an Acoustic Sensor
Operator. Human crews, intelligent agent crews, and mixed human-agent crews performed a simulated
antisubmarine mission. Mission performance and crew communications were recorded and rated to
determine whether the intelligent software agents could perform individual crewmember functions and
whether they could provide the interaction necessary for crew coordination training. The results indicate
100
that: (1) agents can perform individual crewmembers' functions; (2) agent interaction with humans is
sufficient to allow humans to perform their own tasks; and (3) the agents did not interact in a way suitable
for crew coordination training. It is concluded that the prototype is suitable for supporting individual
training, but the agents' knowledge base must explicitly address team dynamics if crew coordination
training is to be supported.
Greenhill, S., S. Venkatesh, A. Pearce, T.C. Ly. Representations and Processes in

Decision Modelling. Victoria: Defence Science and Technology Organisation,
Aeronautical and Maritime Research Lab, 2002.
(DSTOGD0318);(DSTOAR012146);(ADA405860). 75 p.
Abstract: This report contains a survey by Curtin University on decision modelling which covers: (1)
Our current understanding of how we make decisions, and points out our qualities, our weaknesses and
the types of aids that could help us. Of note is the theory that people commit to options even though
alternatives exist once a situation has been recognised. (2) Techniques useful for eliciting and
representing knowledge about how experts make decisions. (3) What is situation assessment, and how
others have tried to capture the process and use the captured information. (4) The different technologies
that could be employed to represent the process of situation assessment. This report represents the first
step of a larger project to represent how submarine commanders assess situations.
Guidry, M. S. Whitley and B. Markowich. Boeing 767 Proximity Evaluation with F/A-
18C and S-3B Aircraft. Patuxent River, MD: Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Div.;
(ADA389851; NAWCADPAX/RTR-2001/17). 74 p.
Abstract: The Boeing Company participated in the Future Strategic Tanker Aircraft program which was
intended to provide aerial refueling and aerial transport capability to the United Kingdom Royal Air Force
under a Private Finance Initiative. Boeing contracted NAWCAD Patuxent River, Maryland, under a
commercial service agreement to determine if an area of acceptable wake turbulence existed in the
proximity of a 767 aircraft in order to perform the aerial refueling mission. This was accomplished by
evaluating the 767 aerodynamic and wake turbulence effects on two receiver aircraft (F/A-18C and S-3B)
at locations behind the 767, which approximated potential aerial refueling engagement areas. During the
period of 22 and 23 June 2000, three F/A-18 and three S-3B flights were flown totaling 5.8 F/A-18 flight-
hours, 6.7 S-3B flight-hours, and 12.5 767 flight-hours. A Lear 35 cinematography aircraft was used to
document test results. The test program consisted of proximity evaluations only with no aerial refueling
pods installed on the 767 aircraft and no receiver-to-"tanker" engagements. All flights were conducted
within the Patuxent River restricted or local warning areas. At the positions evaluated, areas of
acceptable wake turbulence existed for the F/A-18C and the S-3B in the proximity of the 767 aircraft in
order to perform the aerial refueling mission. Recommend that testing continue to evaluate the 767 tanker
aircraft.
Haralabus, G., E. Capriulo and W.M. Zimmer. SWAC 4: Broadband Data Analysis
Using Sub-Band Processing. LA SPEZIA (ITALY): SACLANT Undersea Research
Centre, 2000. (SACLANT Undersea Research Centre,); (SACLANTCEN-SR-320,
ADA378129). 41 p.
Abstract: The frequency dependence of broadband active detection/localization is examined. The
analysis is based on 1200 Hz (2300-3500 Hz) LFM signals acquired during the SWAC 4 sea trial. A sub-
band matched filter scheme is devised according to which a replica of the transmitted pulse is segmented
into ten 120 Hz sub-bands and processed independently through a matched filter detector. Comparison of
target detection and ranging results indicate comparable performance for all sub-bands. However, ping-
to-ping variability of the ten correlator outputs suggest that the detection performance may be improved
101
by employing incoherent processing schemes. Signal-to-noise ratio is proved to be controlled mainly by
noise (reverberation is the predominant noise source) rather than signal variations. The signal intensity
remains proportional to the distance between source and receiver due to favorable propagation
conditions. Doppler effects and sub-band detection synchronization problems which may lead to
performance degradation in large time-bandwidth signal processing are addressed. A method to estimate
range rate (relative velocity between source and receiver) based on single ping differential time delay
between sub-band MF outputs is developed. This intra-ping technique is an alternative to the standard
inter-ping method which requires multiping detection history.
________, _______ and ________. SWAC 4: Broadband Data Analysis Using Sub-
Band Processing - Part 2. La Spezia (Italy): SACLANT Undersea Research Centre,
2001. (SACLANTCEN-SR-337; ADA389996). 38 p.
Abstract: The frequency dependence of reverberation is examined using the processing method as for
the frequency analysis of target detection during the same experiment. In this experiment, reverberation
is induced by abrupt changes in the bottom bathymetry (a 200 m sea mount). For the analysis of the
received signal a sub-band matched filter scheme is devised, according to which, a replica of the
transmitted pulse (2300 Hz-3500 Hz LFM signal) is segmented into ten 120 Hz sub-bands, each of which
is processed independently through a matched filter detector. Following the necessary corrections for
array gain and calibration, transmitted power spectrum and propagation loss, the matched filter data are
compared to reveal the frequency dependence of reverberation. Due to insufficient in situ measurements,
the propagation loss estimate is based on model calculations - a challenging task for the range
dependent seafloor at the experimental site. After examining a large number of pings it is concluded that
the reverberation energy calculated at the correlator output is comparable for all ten sub-bands. This
leads to the conclusion that for the particular environment and experimental geometry, the frequency
spectrum is not sufficiently wide to allow significant frequency variability which may indicate an optimum
operational frequency.
Ingenito, F., R. H. Ferris, W. A. Kuperman, S. N. Wolf. Shallow Water Acoustics:

Summary report on Phase 1. Washington, DC: Naval Research Lab, 1978.
(ADA057691, NRL-8179). 57 p.
Abstract: In response to the Navy's need for a submarine warfare capability in shallow water areas of
the oceans, NRL has been conducting a research program in shallow-water acoustics. The goal of the
first phase of this program has been to determine if wave theory can be used to predict the acoustic field
at long rangesfrom a submerged acoustic source. The approach used an iterative process involving trial
models and at-sea measurements. The wave equation for the physical model is solved by numerical
methods and implemented on a high-speed general-purpose computer. Since the acoustic field at long
ranges is propagated in the discrete normal modes of the duct, special experimental methods were used
to resolve individual modal fields so that their measured characteristics could be compared with
predictions. This report presents a detailed description of the NRL normal-mode model in its current form
and describes the experimental evaluation procedures and results. Salient features of the model include
variable sound speed in the water, slowly variable water depth, statistically rough boundaries, sediment
layering, and both shear-wave and compressional-wave propagation in the bottom. Although certain
recognized problems remain to be solved, it has been demonstrated that the model can in most cases
predict the characteristics of the signal field with sufficient accuracy to be a sueful tool in system design,
performance prediction, and tactics.
Inspector General, Dept of Defense. Second Source Procedures for the ANSQQ-89
Combat System. Arlington, VA: Dept of Defense; Springfield, VA: Available from
National Technical Information Service, 1991. (ADA379828; IG/DOD-91-088). 35 p.
102
Abstract: This audit was performed at the request of Representative John Conyers, Jr., Chairman of the
House Committee on Government Operations. The Chairman requested that we perform an audit of the
procedures used by the Navy in soliciting a second source for the production of the AN/SQQ-89 ASW
Combat System. The request was based on information that GE's cost and pricing data may have been
disclosed to WEC, and that WEC may not have been qualified to produce the combat system.
Jorgensen, Jason T. The United States Navy's Ability to Counter the Diesel and
Nuclear Submarine Threat With Long-Range Antisubmarine Warfare Aircraft. Fort
Leavenworth, KS: Army Command And General Staff College, 2002. (ADA406874).
119 p.
Master's thesis.
ABSTRACT: The threat of the Soviet Union and Communism to the United States diminished with the
end of the Cold War in the early l990s. Instead, the asymmetric threat of terrorism has spread throughout
the world and become a grave danger to Amen can citizens at home and abroad. Throughout these
changes in global landscape, the US Navy has adapted and given new emphasis to a variety of missions
during these times of fiscal challenge. However, one of the most dangerous weapons of the Cold War,
the submarine, still exists and is being proliferated widely today. Once the primary ASW aircraft used in
the prosecution of submarines, the P-3C Orion, has added new equipment to perform its added warfare
missions. Thus, the central focus of the thesis: Does the US Navy have the airborne capability to defend
itself from current as well as projected submarine threats? The thesis will examine the relevancy of ASW
today and determine whether current and future submarines pose a threat to US, its interests as well as
its military. The final analysis involves an evaluation of P-3C Orion's capability to detect adversary
submarines in the contemporary as well as future operating environment.
Jung, P.A. and R.C. Shaw. Water Entry Structural Technique (WEST): An
Analytical Technique to Determine Frangible Nosecap Behavior During Water
Entry. San Diego, CA: Naval Ocean Systems Center; Springfield, VA: Available from
National Technical Information Service, 1989. (ADA219641; NOSC-TR-1317). 251 p.
Abstract: Described here is a computational method to design frangible nosecaps for air- and surface-
launched undersea weapons (such as for ASROC, VLA, and Mk-50 torpedoes). WEST is a technique that
can rapidly and accurately assess the state of stress and deformation of missile nosecaps intended to
break up at water entry. WEST links the powerful geometry and FEM pre- and post-processor PATRAN, a
potential-flow computer code that can calculate dynamic pressure-time histories of an arbitrary entry
body, and the nonlinear FEA code ABAQUS. This code linkage has been validated through comparison
with experimental work. WEST is a valuable analytical tool that reduces the design cycle time for frangible
nosecaps.
Karlsson, P.A.; K. Ohlson and L. Pers. Modellering av Tradstyrning av Torped Fran

Ubatsjaktenyheter med Aktiva Sonarer (Modelling of Wire-Guidance of Torpedoes
Fired by Anti-Submarine Units with Active Sonars). Stockholm: Div. of Systems
Technology, Swedish Defence Research Agency, 2001. (FOI-R-0212-SE). 32 p.
In Swedish.
Abstract: Duels between torpedoes and ships with counter measures for protection can be simulated
with the computer model MUMS. In earlier versions of the model the simulated torpedoes are
autonomous after firing. Recently passive sonars have been included which allows simulation of wire-
guided torpedoes from submarines. The development described in this report comprises modeling of
103
wire-guided torpedoes from submarines. The development described in this report comprises modeling of
wire-guided torpedoes launched from surface ships and/or helicopters with active sonars.
Kaufman, A.I. and E. Zdankiewicz. Gauging the Military Value of Naval

Infrastructure. Alexandria, VA: Istitute for Defense Analyses, 2001. (IDA-P-3605);
(IDA/HQ01-000666); (ADA394149). 47 p.
Abstract: This paper proposes a methodology for relating investments in naval infrastructure programs
to investment programs in naval structure and illustrates the utility of such a methodology in trading
infrastructure for structure by applying the methodology to organic mine countermeasure and shallow
water antisubmarine operations.
Kaye, G. T., Roger Nies and Michael Lovern. Uplink Laser Propagation
Measurements Through the Sea Surface, Haze and Clouds. San Diego, CA Naval
Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Center RDT&E Div.; Springfield, VA:
Abstract: An Airborne Optical Receiver (AOR) was developed and tested to investigate the propagation
and reception of optical communications uplinks from a submerged laser source to an overflying fleet
aircraft. The AOR was flown in a P-3C Orion aircraft for an at-sea test off the southern California coast in
August, 1990. A green laser transmitter was suspended from the Research Platform FLIP at depths of 15
to 45 m. During six nights of operations, the AOR received the laser light at various test geometries and
through clear and cloudy conditions. This represents the first optical uplink cloud experiment at visible
wavelengths. Results show that optical pulses in clouds are significantly more forward-scattered than
modeled. The results can be explained by Mie scattering theory. Measured cloud attenuation and pulse
stretching agreed with an existing optical propagation model. Significant attenuation and signal spreading
due to haze and fog was measured and compared with theory.
Kotchka, Jerry Allen. On a Bayesian methodology to the solution of the Naval ASW
screen placement problem. Columbus, OK: OSU, 1970. 182 l.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1970.
Kuhta, Steven F., Carol L. Kolarik, Samuel N. Cox, Daniel C. Hoagland and James F.
Dinwiddie. TRIDENT II: Reduction to MK-6 Guidance System Inventory Objectives
May Be Possible. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office National Security And
International Affairs Div; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information
Service., 1994. (ADA283196; GAO/NSIAD94-192). 29 p.
Abstract: The Navy plans to have 10 Trident II submarines by the end of fiscal year 1997. Currently, it
has six operational Trident II submarines and four others are under construction. Each Trident II
submarine carries 24 D-5 missiles. Each D-5 missile is equipped with the MK-6 guidance system, which is
comprised of an inertial measurement unit and an electronics assembly. The inertial measurement unit
senses velocity and direction and relays this data to the electronics assembly, which issues flight control
commands to the missile.
Lahey, George F. and Dewey Slough. Relationships between Communication

Variables and Scores in Team Training Exercises. San Diego CA: Navy Personnel
Research And Development Center; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical
Information Service, 1982. (ADA110117; NPRDC-TR-82-25). 25 p.
104
Abstract: As investigation was made of the practicality of assessing anti-submarine warfare (ASW) team
performance by means of measures of the volume of communications. A system for classifying
communications was developed based on an analysis of published data on communication rates (e.g.,
number of evaluative messages sent per minute) of ASW helicopter crews. Next, communication rates
were recorded for ship's teams during two exercises in the 14A2 ASW team trainer. Communication rates
were computed for various types of messages over the ship-to-ship and ship-to-air circuits. Rates were
compared against instructor grades for individuals, subteams, and teams. Communication rates on the
intership circuit tended to be negatively correlated with grades, primarily because instructors gave lower
grades to teams doing excessive talking. Rates on the ship to air circuit were positively correlated with
performance on the later exercise where two aircraft were used rather than one and where a much
greater volume of information needed to be transmitted. On the internal circuits, few significant
relationships were found between communication rates and performance. Implications of the findings for
development of an objective performance measurement system for team training are discussed. (Author)
Landry, Normand. The Canadian Air Force Experience: Selecting Aircraft Life
Extension as the Most Economical Solution. Ottawa: Department Of National
Defence; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000.
(ADA381871). 11 p.
Presented at RTO SCI Symposium on Aircraft Update Programmes, The Economical
Alternative?, Ankara, Turkey, 26-28 Apr 1999. This article is from ADA381871
Advances in Vehicle Systems Concepts and Integration. (les Avancees en concepts
systemes pour vehicules et en integration).
Abstract: Canada like several other countries has limited resources to trade-in its outdated and ageing
fleets for state-of-the-art weapon systems. With the CF188 and the CP140, the Canadian Forces (CF)
have chosen, as with the CF116 before, to perform a structural and systems upgrade. These upgrades
will allow the aircraft to meet their operational requirements until the first quarter of the next century. The
choice for this course of action is based on option analysis studies. In the end, fleet modernisation has
proven to be The most economical solution. This paper will present the approach taken and the
assumptions made for the various scenarios studied to reach That conclusion. Avionics packages are
readily available off-the-shelf and in most cases the decision is based mostly on structural limitations.
Hence in-service failures and results of full scale fatigue tests obtained through collaborative agreements
can be a cost effective way to determine The cost of ownership of each fleet. The paper will briefly talk
about The concept taken for the CP140 but will use the CF188 as the demonstration test case.
Lohrenz, M., M. Trenchard and S. Edwards. On-Line Evaluation of Cockpit Moving-

Map Displays to Enhance Situation Awareness in Anti-Submarine Warfare and
Mine Countermeasures Operations. Stennis Space Center, MS: Naval Research Lab
Marine Geosciences Div., 2001. (NRL/PP/7440--01-1008, ADA393119). 4 p.
Abstract: Cockpit moving-map systems have provided heightened situation awareness to the fighter
pilot for more than ten years, but these systems have yet to be integrated into military helicopters. The
Navy now plans to install a moving-map system into its new, multi-functional MH-60S helicopter, which
will perform mine countermeasures (MCM), combat search and rescue, special operations, and logistics.
Other H-60 variants (e.g., SH-60B) perform antisubmarine warfare (ASW), surface warfare, surface
surveillance, and other missions. Naval Research Laboratory scientists were tasked to demonstrate and
evaluate the potential of a cockpit moving-map for enhanced situation awareness during multi-functional
helicopter missions (particularly MCM and ASW). This project consisted of three main tasks: (1) conduct a
web-based survey of pilots and aircrew experienced in MCM and ASW for their preferences with respect
to various environmental data that could be displayed in a moving-map; (2) demonstrate and evaluate
pilot-preferred data on existing moving-map displays; and (3) recommend potential data types to be
collected and displayed in a multimission helicopter.
105
Lorch, Dan amd John Quartuccio. S-3A Ballast Block Final Design and Engineering
Tests; Final report. Warminster, PA: Naval Air Development Center Aircraft And Crew
Systems Technology Directorate; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical
Information Service, 1984. (ADA147685; NADC-84015-60). 50 p.
Abstract: The S-3A aircraft has (4) ejection seats. Both the pilot and copilot have Comand Eject
Selector levers which allow them the option to eject all crewmembers or 'Self Eject.' If one of the aft seats
is unoccupied, and 'Command Eject' is selected, the unoccupied seat will accelerate ahead of the
occupied seat next to it. Two hazards exist; first, the crewmember next to the unoccupied seat could be
burned by the rocket plume from the empty seat which has a higher acceleration; second, the empty seat
could tumble into one of the other seats because the center of gravity and the center of rocket thrust are
too far apart. To eliminate these hazards it is necessary to ballast the unoccupied seat. This is presently
being done with anthropomorphic test dummies, if they can be obtained. Unfortunately these dummies
have various weights and are usually damaged (i.e. arms, legs, or head missing). There is no guarantee
that the center of gravity is in the proper location to prevent tumbling. To correct this potentially
dangerous situation the Naval Air Systems Command tasked the Naval Air Development Center to design
a ballast block. After the initial prototype was developed and tested, references (1) and (2) recommended
changes to be incorporated into the final design. All of these recommendations have been incorporated
into the final design. The S-3A Ballast Block is a 169 pound (77 Kg) assembly of four (4) interlocking
aluminum blocks. It is used to control the trajectory of an unoccupied 1E-1 ejection seat. Tests indicate
that it meets all functional and structural requirements for use in the S-3A aircraft.
________ and ________. S-3A Ballast Block Final Design and Engineering Tests;
Final report. Warminster, PA: Naval Air Development Center Aircraft And Crew
Systems Technology Directorate; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical
Information Service, 1984. (ADA327372; NADC-84015-60) 58 p.
Abstract: The third prototype S-3A Ballast Block weighs 169 pounds (77 Kg). It is an assembly of four
interlocking aluminum blocks. One crewman can carry two blocks at a time into the aircraft where he can
quickly assemble the unit either on the 1E-1 ejection seat or on the avionics aisleway step Restraint on
the ejection seat is obtained by connecting the four quick disconnect adjuster fittings on the ejection seat
to fittings on the Ballast Block. When the Assembly is placed on the avionics aisle steps it is restrained
with two aluminum locking plates which are bolted to the top block. These plates extend beyond the
edges of the block and fit into keyways on either side of the main bulkhead forgings directly behind the aft
ejection seats. When the Block is secured on the 1E1-1 seat the overall center of gravity falls 0.72 inches
below the centerline of rocket thrust. The Ballast Block meets all operational and structural requirements
for safe function in the aircraft. It can be maintained at the Operational level; the only parts that may need
replacement are straps which are readily available. The S-3A Ballast Block provides a simple and cost
effective replacement for anthropomorphic dummies presently being used to ballast unoccupied 1E1
ejection seats.
Madey, S.L. and J.C. Petz. SH-60B/DDG-994 Dynamic Interface Tests; Interim
report 1. Patuxent River, MD: Naval Air Test Center; Springfield, VA: Available from
National Technical Information Service, 1984. (ADA383636; NATC-RW-49R-84). 15 p.
Abstract: NAVAIRTESTCEN was tasked by reference (a) to conduct dynamic interface (DI) testing of
the SH-60B helicopter on the DDG-993 class ships. Testing was conducted on board the USS
CALLAGHAN, DDG-994, from 14 through 18 May 1984. Lack of ambient winds precluded completion of
day/night launch/recovery envelopes. Further testing is possible 11 through 15 June 1984. Data were
collected using the DI Pilot Rating Scale (PRS) presented in enclosure (1).
106
Maskell, D.M. Navy's Best-Kept Secret: Is IUSS Becoming a Lost Art? Newport, RI:
Naval War College, Joint Military Operations Dept., 2001. (ADA401150). 73 p.
Master's thesis.
Abstract: There were a series of events that led to the consolidation and downsizing of the Integrated
Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS). These events occurred simultaneously during a period when the
United States was, defining its National Strategy toward the Soviet Union. What caused the IUSS
Downsizing and consolidation. Budget cuts. End of the Cold War (Change in National Strategy). The
Dissolution of the Soviet Union as a threat. Base realignment and closure. Were the decisions made valid
now that it is 2001, eight years after the consolidation.
Matzelevich, William W. Real-Time Condition Based Maintenance for High Value

Systems. Arete Associates, Arlington VA,; Springfield, VA: Available from National
Technical Information Service 2001. (ADA412395). 11 p.
Presented at the Meeting of the Society for Machinery Failure Prevention Technology
(55th) held in Virginia Beach, VA on 2-5 Apr 2001, p. 57-67. This article is from
ADA412395, New Frontiers in Integrated Diagnostics and Prognostics,
Proceedings of the 55th Meeting of the Society for Machinery Failure Prevention
Technology. Virginia Beach, Virginia, April 2-5, 2001.
Abstract: Many industries operate high value equipment often remotely -- that requires reliable
performance in severe environments. Similarly, the U.S. Navy's submarine p (TASs) stress conventional
approaches to operating and maintaining this system level capability comprised of integrated hydraulic,
mechanical, electronic and acoustic sub-systems. The Navy invested in a Condition Based Maintenance
(CBM) proof of concept for an individual ship TAS by developing the Thinline Health Monitoring System
(THMS). THMS collects real-time discrete reliability data and synchronizes this data with other historical
information and the TAS's current condition assessment. As a predictive "intelligent code" it uses
Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) to extract the full value of real-time data and provide a complete range
of system performance evaluations -- from diagnosis to prediction. Drawing upon THMS' success, the
U.S. Navy supported expanding this capability fleet- wide to encompass health assessments of the entire
submarine TASs population. Plans have been developed to build a relational database that is accessible
to a geographically separated towed systems community via the Internet for interactive analysis and
diagnostics. These system level analyses and first principal processes are directly translatable to other
government and commercial critical systems that cannot afford unscheduled -- or unnecessary --
maintenance.
McConnell, James M. A possible change in Soviet views on the prospects for anti-
submarine warfare. Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses, Naval Planning,
Manpower, and Logistics Division, [1985]. (ADA153610); (Professional paper; 431);
Soviet Union special studies, 1982-1985; 9); (Special studies series (University
Publications of America, Inc.). 19 p.
Abstract: In the summer of 1982 there was an apparent shift in Soviet views on the future potential for
combating submarines. The following points trace the perceived evolution of this shift. (1) From the early
1970s, Soviet emphasis had been on the submarine's great capacity for concealment and the decreasing
cost effectiveness of anti-submarine warfare (ASW) as a 'law-governed' trend extending into the
foreseeable future; (2) The first sign of a new perspective came in 1979-80; here, the Soviets implied that
no significant breakthrough in ASW was expected during the next five-year plan (1981-85), but they did
not rule out an effective innovation after that; (3) In 1982, however, the Soviets apparently saw an
operational capability arising ahead of this schedule. Using alleged U.S. views as an almost certain
surrogate for their own, they indicated that a 'technological break-through' in ASW (possibly nonacoustic
107
and space- based) was imminent, perhaps (this is the best interpretation) before the end of the current
planning period in 1985. A new 'law-governed' trend in naval affairs was set out: the growing susceptibility
of submarines to detection and the increasing cost effectiveness of ASW; (4) If Moscow is on the verge of
a long- range detection capability, then one might want to speculate on the means they would develop for
submarine kill. It is conceivable thay they might revive the concept, abandoned in the 1970s, of using a
submarine-launched ballistic-missile (SLBM) system for hitting mobile targets as sea.
McElhannon, Timothy S. Operational Maneuver and Anti-Submarine Warfare.

Newport, RI: Naval War College Dept of Operations; Springfield, VA: Available from
Abstract: Operational maneuver, one of the principles of operational art, is key to the Navy's doctrine in
From the Sea and Forward From the Sea. The objective of operational maneuver is to strike quickly and
violently to isolate and frustrate the enemy and destroy their forces and will to fight. The application of
operational maneuver can enable U.S. forces to overcome the shallow-water diesel submarine threat by
using speed and concentrated fires to avoid the enemy's strengths and attack their weaknesses, thus
isolating, neutralizing and destroying the threat.
McMillan, T., W.P. de La Houssaye and C.T. Johnson. OPERATION DOMINIC, SHOT
SWORD FISH. Project Officer's Report - Project 1.3b; Effects of an Underwater
Nuclear Explosion on Hydroacoustic Systems. San Diego, CA: Naval Electronics
Lab; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1985.
(ADA995394; DNA-POR-2003(EX); DOE-WT-2003(EX)). 62 p.
Extracted version of Report no. POR-2003(WT-2003).
Abstract: The objectives of Project 1.2 were to determine and evaluate the effects of an underwater
nuclear explosion on the operational capabilities of shipboard sonar and other types of hydroacoustic
systems. Project 1.3b included all measurements at ranges greater than 10 nautical miles and the results
of these measurements constitute the subject of this report. This report concerns the effects of the
underwater nuclear explosion, Sword Fish, on: (a) Long-range active detection systems at the first
convergence zone (25 to 30 miles); (b) Passive shipboard or submarine sonars at a few hundred miles;
and (c) Long-range passive detection and surveillance at Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) and
Missile Impact Locating System (MILS) stations at several hundred to several thousand miles. A
submarine station at the first convergence zone and five shipboard stations at ranges from 200 miles to
5,000 miles recorded signals from hydrophones suspended at various depths to approximately 2,000 feet.
Submarines on other assignments recorded signals on standard submarine sonar equipment on a not-to
interfere basis. SOSUS and MILS stations operated normally during the period and also made special
magnetic-tape and strip-chart recordings of signals from single hydrophones from before burst time to
several hours after burst.
Montana ,P.S. Use of Helicopters to Develop Operational Concepts for V/STOL

(Vertical and Short Takeoff and Landing) Aircraft in Naval Missions. Bethesda,
MD: David W Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Aviation And
Surface Effects Dept.; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information
Service, 1983. (ADA139354; DTNSRDC/ASED-83/07). 20 p.
Abstract: Vertical and short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) aircraft promise new operational capabilities
for the Navy. In the past, new vehicle types have been slow in gaining acceptance because of the
difficulty in visualizing how these new vehicles should be employed. Once built, experience gained with
the vehicle evolved into an operational concept exploiting its best qualities. Now, competition for fiscal
resources has reached a level from which it may be difficult to justify the development of any new vehicle
108
without having a well-defined operational concept in hand. This report discusses the use of existing large
helicopters to develop operational concepts for V/STOL in naval applications. (Author)
Murray, W.W. OPERATION DOMINIC, SHOT SWORD FISH. Scientific Director's

Summary Report. Washington, DC: David Taylor Model Basi; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service n, 1985. (ADA995502; POR-
2007(EX); WT-2007(EX)). 233 p.
Extracted version of report dated 21 Jan 63.
No abstract available.
Naval Underwater Systems Center (U.S.) Naval Underwater Systems Center Brief.
Newport, RI: NUSC, 1978. (ADA103242, NUSC-TD-5740). 17 p.
Abstract: The Naval Underwater Systems Center was formed in 1970 by the merger of two independent
laboratories of the Naval Material Command: the Naval Underwater Weapons Research and Engineering
Station (NUWS), Newport, Rhode Island, and the Naval Underwater Sound Laboratory (NUSL), New
London, Connecticut. These two complexes are now the principal laboratories of NUSC. In July 1971, the
Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Bahamas was made a detachment of
NUSC. A basic and applied research program supporting systems development is a major thrust at the
Center, and activities at NUSC cover all phases of the Center's primary mission responsibilities as the
Navy's principal research, development, test, and evaluation center for submarine warfare and submarine
weapons systems. These activities include responsibilities in programs in surface ship and submarine
sonars, ASW weapons, combat control, and in undersea ranges--including the management of the
AUTEC range complex.
Nedresky, Donald L. Aircraft Avionics Nonsupportability and Microcircuit

Obsolescence. Patuxent River, MD: Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Div.; Springfield,
Abstract: The declining military budget has resulted in service life extensions for many weapons
systems. Conversely, mission essential systems, such as the avionics suite, on naval aircraft extend,
must contend with the scheduled phase out of subcomponents and microcircuits over the next few years.
This unplanned obsolescence will have a costly impact on the ability of naval aviation to maintain
weapons systems in a high state of operational readiness. Identifying the size of this problem is made
more complex because provisioning data (for older systems) is often incomplete or inaccurate, making it
difficult to cross obsolete part numbers to specific system applications. This paper describes a proactive
process for analyzing avionics system supportability issues involving microcircuit obsolescence and other
factors, such as mission criticality, reliability, supply and demand, and aircraft allowance. Based on this
analysis, a comprehensive, life cycle model is developed to predict time critical mission degraders and
offers solutions for solving supportability issues.
Office Of The Assistant Inspector General For Audit (DOD) Systems And Logistics.
Acquisition: Acquisition of the Advanced Deployable System (ADS). Arlington,
VA: OAIG-AUD, 2002. (OAIG-AUD-D-2003-004O; ADA406702). 38 p.
Abstract: This report should be read by all who are interested in the acquisition of the Navy's Advanced
Deployable System (the System). The report addresses acquisition issues that require higher
management attention before the System program should be allowed to progress further through the
acquisition process. The System, a Navy Acquisition Category II program, is a next-generation, ship-
deployable, undersea surveillance system that is designed to operate in littoral waters, The System is
109
linked to a land facility for data processing, evaluation, and reporting. The System will be used to conduct
missions, such as threat port surveillance, friendly port protection, area defense, area sanitization, and
strategic indications and warnings. The System will have the ability to be installed overtly or covertly,
depending on the needs of the Joint Task Force Commander. The program office's estimate includes
$793.7 million for research, development, test, and evaluation for all four blocks of the evolutionary
acquisition strategy and $785 million for procurement for the first two blocks.
Operational Test and Evaluation Force. Follow-On Operational Test and Evaluation
of the CPU-152/A Standard Central Air Data Computer (SCADC). Norfolk, VA:
Operational Test and Evaluation Force; Springfield, VA: Available from National
Abstract: The purpose of the evaluation was to verify that all the deficiencies from OT-IIC OPEVAL has
been corrected prior to approval for full fleet introduction. The evaluation was based on the results of non-
scenario operational tests conducted under Project M756, supplemented by the results of OPEVAL,
developmental testing, and operational experience. Based on this evaluation, the CPU-152/A SCADC as
installed in the S-3A/B aircraft is determined to be operationally effective and operationally suitable.
Approval for full fleet introduction of the CPU-152/A is recommended. The SCADC uses air pressure from
the pitot static system and temperature signals from the temperature probe to provide air data outputs for
navigation, cockpit display, sonobuoy and weapon delivery systems, Automatic Flight Control System
(AFCS), and altitude reporting. While the digital SCADC is a form, fit, and function replacement for the
existing S-3 Airspeed Altitude Computer Set (AACS), it has, in addition, a Built-in-test (BIT) function
allowing maintenance personnel to determine system status without removing the unit. Keywords:
Antisubmarine aircraft. (KR)
Optical Communications Research Lab. The Mk 15 Destroyer-Launched Torpedo:

End of an Era. Stanford, CA: Optical Communications Research Lab; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. (ADA274999; NUWC-NPT-
TD-10132). 19 p.
Abstract: The Mk 15 torpedo, designed and developed by the former Naval Torpedo Station in Newport,
Rhode Island, in the 1930s, was the last destroyer-launched antisurface ship weapon to see wide service
use. Longer, heavier, and more powerful than its predecessors, it was the Navy's principal destroyer
torpedo when World War II began. During the early war years, three new classes of improved Navy
destroyers having twin deck mounts of multiple torpedo tubes began entering the fleet. As is recounted in
this booklet, salvos of Mk 15 torpedoes launched from those destroyer tubes proved decisive on several
occasions in the Pacific campaign.
Paris, Alfonso and Omeed Alaverdi. Nonlinear Aerodynamic Model Development

and Extraction from Flight Test Data for the S-3B Viking. Mclean VA: Science
Applications International Corp.; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical
Abstract: This paper addresses applied procedures for nonlinear aerodynamic model development and
extraction from flight data for the S-3B Viking aircraft. The entire analysis procedures, from dynamic flight
test data management to final blending and validation of the upgraded aerodynamic model, was
performed within the Integrated Data Evaluation and Analysis Systems (IDEAS) developed by SAIC.
IDEAS is a powerful database management system and analysis software containing a full complement
of flight data preprocessing, calibration, simulation, model estimation, model verification, and validation
tools.
110
Rich, H.L., R.L. Bort, E.T. Habib, R.E. Baker and W. E. Carr. OPERATION
HARDTACK. Project 3.3. Shock Loading in Ships from Underwater Bursts and
Response of Shipboard Equipment. Washington, DC: David Taylor Model Basin;
(ADA995438; DOE-WT-1627(EX)). 209 p.
Extracted version of report dated 30 Sep 61.
Abstract: The shock loading in ships and the response of shipboard machinery were measured during
Shots Wahoo and Umbrella to: (1) determine safe- and shock-damage ranges, particularly with respect to
shipboard machinery and equipment, for delivery of antisubmarine nuclear weapons by destroyers and
submarines; (2) determine the intensity and character of the shock motions on a submarine and on a
merchant ship under quasi-lethal attack by and underwater nuclear explosion; and (3) acquire shock-
motion data and correlate such data with other measurements and with theory in order to extrapolate the
results to other attack geometries. Conclusions include: (1) The shock damaging ranges for ships from
underwater explosions depend greatly on the design and condition of the machinery and equipments as
well as on charge size, burst depth, water depth, and the like. (2) Immobilization ranges for a destroyer
are given as horizontal ranges from surface zero to the center of the ship. (3) Temperature gradients in
the water increase or decrease the damage ranges.
Russell, Jerry C. Ultra and the Campaign Against the U-Boats in World War II.
Carlisle Barracks, PA: Army War College, 1980. (ADA089275). 45 p.
Abstract: The problem addressed is the extent to which the United States Navy used Ultra, or Special
Intelligence, in the campaign against the German U-boats. Information was gathered through published
and unpublished sources. Through a chronological approach, United States Navy involvement is traced
from entry into the war until its conclusion. Many factors are involved in the final outcome of the war and
Ultra is only one. The Battle of the Atlantic was long and gruesome rather than short and spectacular. The
United States Navy used Ultra along with technology, tactics, brilliant leadership and courageous men at
sea to win the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. The lessons for the future are clear. If the United
States intends to oppose the Soviet submarine force at sea anywhere in the world, then we must maintain
the lead in intelligence, tactics and technology. Further, and most importantly, we must strive to regain
superiority of forces in those ocean areas where our interests are at stake.
Shaw, R. C. Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Frangible Nosecap for Vertical

Launch Antisubmarine Rocket (VLA). San Diego, CA Naval Command Control and
Ocean Surveillance Center RDT&E Div.; Springfield, VA: Available from National
Abstract: Described here is the application of a nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) technique to
predict the structural behaviors for a class of brittle materials that shows near-complete brittleness when
loaded in tension, but exhibits some ductility when compressed. An ABAQUS* constitutive model,
consisting of an isotropically hardening yield surface, which is active when the stress state is dominantly
compressive, and an independent crack detection surface to determine if a point in the material fails by
cracking in tension, is employed to simulate the failure of the brittle material. The application of the
technique to determine if a potential frangible nosecap design of the Vertical Launch Antisubmarine
Rocket (VIA) would break up as intended upon water impact for a given entry condition is presented as
an example. Frangible nosecaps, Large deformation, Non-linear structural analysis, Water entry
NPS/DKL Location: MICROFORM: ADA276835
111
Tang, P. Y. A Piecewise Quadratic Strength Tensor Theory for Composites. San
Diego, CA: Naval Ocean Systems Center; Springfield, VA: Available from National
Technical Information Service, 1987. (ADA190929; NOSC/TR-1188). 60 p.
Abstract: Develop the piecewise quadratic strength tensor theory for composite materials and
demonstrate its applicability to the available biaxial fracture data on composites. The theory will have
application to current composite structures of Naval Ocean Systems Center's interest such as
transducers and future composite structures such as torpedo hull section, Vertical Launch ASROC (VLA)
nosecaps, and tethered deep submergence structures. The theory can also be used with a wide variety of
other NAVY structures such as aircraft and submarine substructures.
Thompson, J. Common USW Picture. Washington, DC: Naval Sea Systems

Command, 2001. (ADA393700). 15 p.
Proceedings from the Navy Interoperability Workshop, 30-31 May 2001; sponsored by
NDIA. Viewgraphs only.
Abstract: Presentation given at the Navy Interoperability Workshop, held on 30- 31 May, 2001, and
sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association.
Tofil, John A. Engineering Report for P-3/UWB Flight Portage, Maine 26-27 June
1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Environmental Research Inst of Michigan; Springfield, VA:
Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. (ERIM-241300-53-T-VOL-
1 ADA368196). 72 p.
Abstract: The report consists of a summary of each pass with crew comments included. Users of the
data should review the pass summaries to be alerted for anomalies that may have occurred during the
collection or noted by processing or analysis people. The appendix contains plots of critical parameters
as a function of time. This information is provided so that users can examine, in some detail the exact
time and magnitude of observed anomalies. In addition users can go back to this data to determine if
there is a correlation between funnies observed during processing and the engineering data. For
example, if there was a blank strip in the image it might correlate with the transmitter power plot showing
that the transmitter was off during that time. All of the data shown in the plots is also recorded on the
HDDT's in the Aux. data block and could be reproduced by the user. These plots are included in the
appendix as a convenience for users of the data. The appendix is available upon request and thus is not
included with this set of data.
________. Appendix for P-3/UWB Flight Portage, Maine 26-27 June 1995, Volume
3. Ann Arbor, MI: Environmental Research Inst of Michigan; Springfield, VA: Available
from National Technical Information Service, 1995. (ADA368195; ERIM-241300-53-T-
VOL-3). 266 p.
Abstract: This report is an appendix containing the results of the P-3 passes and radar imagery data.
________. Engineering Report for P-3/UWB Flight Portage, Maine 27-28 June
1995, Volume 1. Ann Arbor, MI: Environmental Research Inst of Michigan; Springfield,
VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. (ERIM-241300-54-T-
VOL-1; ADA368075). 72 p.
Abstract: This report is written as an aid to users of the SAR data collected by the P-3/SAR on 27-28
June 1995. The data set generated consists of: (1) HDDT #E1439, (2) HDDT #E1440, (3) HDDT#E1441,
112
(4) HDDT #E1442, (5) Mission Plan disk, data, etc., (6) Navigation disks, (7) Post Pass disks, and (8)
Post Pass Summary Sheets. The report consists of a summary of each pass with crew comments
included. Users of the data should review the pass summaries to be alerted for anomalies that may have
occurred during the collection or noted by processing or analysis people. The appendix contains plots of
critical parameters as a function of time. This information is provided so that users can examine, in some
detail the exact time and magnitude of observed anomalies. In addition users can go back to this data to
determine if there is a correlation between funnies observed during processing and the engineering data.
For example, if there was a blank strip in the image it might correlate with the transmitter power plot
showing that the transmitter was off during that time. All of the data shown in the plots is also recorded on
the HDDT's in the Aux. data block and could be reproduced by the user. These plots are included in the
VOL-3). 249 p.
Abstract: This document contains the appendix for P-3/UWB Flight Portage, Maine 27-28 June 1995,
Volume 3.
________. Engineering Report for P-3/UWB Flight Portage, Maine 28-29 June
1995, Volume 1. Ann Arbor, MI: Environmental Research Inst of Michigan; Springfield,
VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. (ADA368198, ERIM-
241300-55-T-VOL-1). 60 p.
Abstract: The report consists of a summary of each pass with crew comments included. Users of the
data should review the pass summaries to be alerted for anomalies that may have occurred during the
collection or noted by processing or analysis people. The appendix contains plots of critical parameters
as a function of time. This information is provided so that users can examine, in some detail the exact
time and magnitude of observed anomalies. In addition users can go back to this data to determine if
there is a correlation between funnies observed during processing and the engineering data. For
example, if there was a blank strip in the image it might correlate with the transmitter power plot showing
that the transmitter was off during that time. All of the data shown in the plots is also recorded on the
HDDT's in the Aux. data block and could be reproduced by the user. These plots are included in the
VOL-2). 250 p.
Abstract: This appendix contains the data recorded from the P-3 passes.
Torres, M. T. The Role of the Army Air Corps in Antisubmarine warfare in World
War II. Maxwell AFB, AL: Air Command and Staff College; Available from National
Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1985. 41 p.
113
Abstract: This historical review traces the development of the role of the Army Air Corps in antisubmarine
warfare. Pre-war plans exempted the Air Corps from this duty. Despite lack of training and equipment, the
Air Corps contributed significantly to the defeat of the submarine threat. In defeating this threat, the Air
Corps had to first battle the Navy's strategy of using airplanes to escort convoys. Before being relieved of
antisubmarine warfare duty, the Air Corps had proved the necessity of using the airplane in an offensive role
to search and destroy submarines.
Trinca, Joseph J. Defense of North America during a NATO-Warsaw Pact Conflict:

Some Implications of the USSR's Power Projection Capabilities. Fort Leavenworth,
KS: Army Command and General Staff College, 1980. (ADA094983; SBI-ADE750063).
122 p.
Master's thesis.
Abstract: This study attempts to determine whether or not the existing conventional military forces and
defense systems in North America are adequate both to meet commitments to NATO in the event of a
major European conflict and provide for continental security. Investigation reveals that Canada is weakly
defended relative to the capabilities of the USSR to project forces onto her territory. Thus, should the
USSR choose to exploit this vulnerability by executing rear area military operations on the North
American flank at the outset of a NATO-Warsaw Pact conflict, she could succeed in diverting crucial U.S.
and Canadian reinforcements away from their primary missions on the battlefields of Europe. (author)
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on

Seapower and Strategic and Critical Materials. Advanced submarine technology and
antisubmarine warfare: hearing before the Seapower and Strategic and Critical
Materials Subcommittee and the Research and Development Subcommittee of the
Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred First
Congress, first session, hearing held, April 18, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O.: For
sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O., 1990. 72 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS Y 4.AR 5/2 A:989-90/40
U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory. Milestones in the NEL Deep Submergence

Program: Special progress report. San Diego, CA: Navy Electronics Laboratory,
1965. (ADA074138). 9 p.
Abstract: This report summarizes the scientific efforts of the Deep Submergence Program at the Navy
Electronics laboratory, San Diego, California. Since its inception in 1958, the program has been vitally
concerned with development of techniques, instrumentation, and vehicles to fulfill its assignment –
research of the marine environment, from the continental shelf to the abyssal sea floor. While NEL's
primary interests are in relating applied research data in marine acoustics, biology, geology, and physical
oceanography to antisubmarine and submarine warfare projects, the Deep Submergence Program has
also added significantly to man's basic knowledge of the ocean sciences.
Werking, William E. and Jeffery A. Kuhlman. S-3B Small-Scale Applique Coupon

Flight Test Evaluation Results. Patuxent River, MD: Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft
Div.; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001.
(ADA388188 NAWCADPAX/RTR-2000/97). 32 p.
Abstract: An evaluation of FP500 and FP1500 paint replacement film (applique) small-scale coupons
with 52-4 adhesive installed on the S-3B aircraft was conducted during 225 hr of laboratory tests and 2
114
flights totaling 2.0 flight-hours to determine system suitability for large-scale coupon evaluation. Complete
adhesion of the film to the surface of the aircraft during basic maneuvers is an enhancing characteristic
that will promote reliable performance of FP500 and FP1500 applique material reducing corrosion and
maintenance down time aircraft. Tattering of prepeeled (failed) sections of the applique was an enhancing
characteristic that will prevent any in-flight failures from becoming catastrophic failures. The capability of
the adhesive to adhere to the film and not the aircraft surface during applique removal is an enhancing
characteristic that will facilitate the rapid removal of the applique. There are no deficiencies.
West, Bo. Analytic Optimizations in Crisis Stability. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos
National Lab; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service,
1991. (ADA344705; LA-11959-MS). 33 p.
Abstract: Second strikes are dominated by submarine-launched missiles in the absence of defenses,
but shift to aircraft at modest levels of defense. Defenses protect some retaliatory missiles, but not
enough to retaliate strongly. With defenses, missiles should be vestigial and could be eliminated without
penalty. Then aircraft could also be significantly reduced without impacting stability. The combination of
parameters that maximizes cost effectiveness also maximizes midcourse effectiveness and crisis stability.
Westerlund, K.E. At Least Six Soviet Submarines Participated in the Horsfjaerd

Operation (Mindestens Sechs Sowjetische U-Boote Nahmen an der 'Horsfjaerden-
Operation' Teil). Washington, DC: Naval Intelligence Support Center Translation Div.;
(ADA137392; NISC-TRANS-7233). 10 p.
Trans. of Marine-Rundschau (Germany, F.R.) n10 p. 454-459 1983.
No abstract available.
Whymark, Roy R. High Power Magnetostrictors For Sonar Applications. Chicago,

IL: IIT Research Institute; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information
Service, 1965. (IITRI-N149-7;AD471004). 99 p.
Final report: 1 Jun 59-31 Jul 65, Most Project-4.
Abstract: This report summarizes research on both metallic and ferrite magnetostrictive type
transducers. The research was directed toward (1) establishing methods for calculating how a
magnetostrictor responds to large amplitude excitation, (2) determining how magnetostrictive elements
respond to uniaxial static compressive stresses, (3) investigating the effect of hydrostatic stress on the
important magnetostrictive parameters lambda and mu, (4) extending existing theory to include the
dissipative forces inside a vibrating magnetostrictor, (5) investigations of the coupled vibrational modes of
a ferrite tube magnetostrictor, and (6) investigations of magnetostrictive ferrite transducers for high power
sonar applications. The lack of a suitable nonlinear theory for the behavior of magnetostrictors under
large amplitude excitations dictated the empirical approach taken. However, throughout the contract
limited work was directed, based upon these empirical results, toward the possible formulation of a
nonlinear theory. (Author)
Will, Albert S. and Robert R. Wilson. Missile Safety System for Assuring Minimum
Safe Distance. Washington DC: Department of The Navy, 1999. (ADD019417). 5 p.
Patent, Filed 28 Dec 64, patented 23 Mar 99 PATENT-5 886 284, supersedes PAT-
APPL-423 640-64. Government-owned invention available for U.S. licensing and
115
possibly, for foreign licensing. Copy of patent available Commissioner of Patents,
Washington, DC 20231.
Abstract: The invention pertains to an arming and safing system for a missile having an acceleration
responsive mechanism for actuating a timing device upon launching to insure arming only after the
passage of predetermined period of time, and an omni-directional impact switch for activating a dudding
switch in case of missile impact at a distance less than a minimum safe distance from the launching
vehicle.
Electronic access: http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/srchnum.htm
________ and ________. Variable Range Timer Impact Safety System. Washington
DC: Department of The Navy, 1999. (ADD019414). 7 p.
Patent, Filed 28 Dec 64, patented 23 Mar 99 PATENT-5 886 285, supersedes PAT-
possibly, for foreign licensing. Copy of patent available Commissioner of Patents,
Abstract: The invention pertains to an arming system for a missile which prevents destruction of the
missile outside of a specified area. The missile may be launched from a submarine, and follow a water-
air-trajectory, and includes a variable-range timer acting in conjunction with an impact detection system.
The timer drives arming switches to the armed condition after a predetermined time, and then opens the
switches after a second predetermined time, which establishes a maximum range for detonation of the
missile warhead.
________, ________ and George F. Fortin. Guidance Information Analyzer.

Washington DC: Department of The Navy, 1999. (ADD019367). 4 p.
Patent, Filed 26 May 65, patented 23 Mar 99, PATENT-5 886 287, supersedes PAT-
possibly, for foreign licensing. Copy of patent available from Commissioner of Patents,
Abstract: A gating circuit for a missile guidance system having a capacitor for supplying the output
signal together with plurality of silicon controlled rectifiers for applying or removing a supply voltage to the
capacitor.
Williams, M.J. and A.M. Arney. A Mathematical Model of the Sea King Mk.50
Helicopter Aerodynamics and Kinematics. Melbourne, Victoria, Aus.: Aeronautical
Research Labs; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service,
1986. (ADA174029, ARL-AERO-TM-379). 66 p.
Abstract: Details are given of the expression used to describe the aerodynamics and kinematics of the
Sea King Mk.50 helicopter during steady flight and low rate maneuvers up to an advance ratio of 0.3. The
aerodynamics/kinematics formulation is a major component of the Sea King mathematical model
developed by Aeronautical Research Laboratories (ARL) for flight simulation of this Anti-Submarine
Warfare helicopter.
Young, G.A. and D.E. Phillips. OPERATION DOMINIC, SHOT SWORD FISH. Project
Officers Report-Project 1.2 Surface Phenomena. White Oak, MD: Naval Ordnance
Lab; Springfield, VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1985.
(ADA995301; DASA-POR-2001(EX); DASA-WT-2001(EX)0. 140 p.
116
Extracted version of report dated 14 Aug 64.
Abstract: Shot Sword Fish was an operational test of the ASROC antisubmarine weapon system. The
general objectives of the project were (1) to record and measure the formation, growth, and dissipation of
the visible surface phenomena, including slicks, spray domes, plumes, fallout, base surge, and foam
patch resulting from the underwater detonation of an ASROC weapon; (2) to use the data obtained to
estimate the actual depth of burst, position of burst, yield, and bubble period; (3) to determine the location
of ships and platforms in the experimental array before, during and after the test; (4) to provide surface-
phenomena time-of-arrival data at platforms and ships in the array for use by other projects; and 85) to
make the results available for improving the surface-phenomena scaling and prediction techniques which
are currently employed for establishing delivery and lethal ranges for fleet nuclear weapons. In general,
there was good agreement between the observed dimensions of the Sword Fish phenomena and the
predictions.
CONFERENCE ON LIMITATION OF ARMAMENT-- WASHINGTON DC 1921-1922
Archimbaud, Léon. La conférence de Washington. Paris, Payot, 1923. 364 p.
Barcia Trelles, Camilo. La política exterior norteamericana de la postguerra (hasta

los acuerdos de Washington de 1922). [Valladolid?]: Talleres tipográficos "Cuesta"
[c1924]. 199 p.
Boston Evening Transcript. Review of the Conference on Limitation of Armament, in

connection with the Pacific and Far Eastern questions. [Boston, 1922]. 142 p.
Bouy, Raymond. Le désarmement naval. Paris, Éditions des Presses universitaires

de France, [1931]. 284 p.
Braisted, William Reynolds. The United States Navy in the Pacific, 1909-1922. Austin,
University of Texas Press, [1971]. 741 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL E182 .B83
Buell, Raymond Leslie. The Washington conference. New York, Russell & Russell
[1970, c1922]. 461 p.
Originally published: New York, London, D. Appleton and company, 1922.
Thesis (Ph.D.), Princeton University, 1923.
Conference on the Limitation of Armament (1921-1922: Washington, D.C.).

Conference on the limitation of armament, Washington, November 12, 1921-
February 6, 1922 = Conference de la limitation des armements, Washington, 12
novembre 1921-6 fevrier 1922. Washington: Govt. print. off., 1922. 1757 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL JX1974.7 .C7 WASHINGTON
Conference on the Limitation of Armament (1921-1922: Washington, D.C.). Treaties and

resolutions of the Conference on the Limitation of Armament: as ratified by the
United States Senate, facts and tables. New York: Federal Trade Information Service,
c1922. 60 p.
117
Goldstein, Erik and John Maurer, eds. The Washington Conference, 1921-22: naval
rivalry, East Asian stability and the road to Pearl Harbor. Ilford, Essex, UK; Portland,
OR: Frank Cass, 1994. 319 p.
Guilfoile, Joseph Vincent. The Japanese press and the Washington Conference of
1921-1922. Washington, 1949. 104 l.
Hoag, C. Leonard. Preface to preparedness, the Washington disarmament

conference and public opinion. Washington, DC, American council on public affairs,
[1941]. 205 p.
Ichihashi, Yamato. The Washington Conference and after, a historical survey. New
York, AMS Press, [1969]. 443 p.
Originally published: Stanford University, CA, Stanford University Press, 1928.
Ishimaru, Tota. Kore de mo sekai heiwa ka. [1925]. 415 p.
________. Washington Kaigi no shinso. 11 [1922]. 438 p.
Ito, Masanori. Gunshuku. [1929]. 330 p.
________. Kafu Kaigi to sonogo. 11 [1922]. 470 p.
Jacquemart, André. La Conférence de Washington. Paris, Jouvre & cie, 1923. 144
p.
Japan. Gaimusho. OBeikyoku. Dai 3-ka. Kafu kaigi hokoku. 11 [1922]. 2 v.
________. Washington kaigi keika. 11 [1922]. 181 p.
Jusserand, Jean Adrien Antoine Jules. La France et les sous-marins, in Washington,

DC Conference on the limitation of armament, 1921-1922, Washington, Govt. print.
off., 1922, pp. 818-829.
Katsuizumi, Sotokichi. Critical observation on the Washington conference. Ann

Arbor, Mich., 1922. 48 p.
Kawakami, Kiyoshi Karl. Japan's Pacific policy, especially in relation to China, the
Far East, and the Washington conference. New York, E.P. Dutton & company,
[c1922]. 380 p.
Knox, Dudley Wright. The eclipse of American sea power. New York city, American
army & navy journal, inc. [c1922]. 140 p.
Komatsu, Midori. Washington kaigi no shinso. 11 [1922]. 337 p.
118
Kowark, Hannsjörg. Die französische Marinepolitik 1919-1924 und die
Washingtoner Konferenz. Stuttgart: Hochschulverlag, 1978. 291 p.
Originally presented as the author's thesis, Stuttgart.
LePore, Herbert P. The politics and failure of naval disarmament, 1919-1939: the
phantom peace. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2003. (Studies in political
science; v. 19). 348 p.
Miura, Takeyoshi, ed. Washinton Kaigi keika. Dai 1-bu. Gunbi seigen ni kansuru
mondai. [Tokyo]: Obeikyoku Daisanka, Taisho 11 [1922]. 471 p.
Mochizuki, Kotaro. Kafu kaigi no shinso. 11 [1922]. 293
National Council for Prevention of War (U.S.). The United States navy since the
Washington conference; comparison with the navies of Great Britain, Japan,
France, and Italy; the facts derived from United States naval sources. Washington,
DC, National council for prevention of war, 1927. 26 p.
NHK "Dokyumento Showa" Shuzaihan. Orenji sakusen: gunshukuka no Nichi-Bei

Taiheiyo senryaku. Shohan. Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten, Showa 61 [1986].
(Dokyumento Showa; 5). 225 p.
Originally telecast in 1986 as an NHK television program: Dokyumento Showa.
Scheer, Reinhardt. Amerika und die abrüstung der seemächte. Berlin, A. Scherl,
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL JX1974 .O2
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Toyoda, Jo. Saisho Wakatsuki Reijiro: Rondon Gunshuku Kaigi shuseki zenken.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Treaty on the

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CONVOYS -- GENERAL
Apitz, Peter. Convoys - outdated by technology? Oslo: Institutt for Forsvarsstudier,

1991. (Forsvarsstudier; 1991:5). 43 p.
Bowling, Roland Alfred. The negative influence of Mahan on the protection of

shipping in wartime: the convoy controversy in the twentieth century. Orono, ME:
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Thesis (Ph.D.), University of Maine at Orono, 1980.
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Kemp, Paul. Convoy protection: the defence of seaborne trade. London: Arms and
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Smith, Kevin. Conflict over convoys: Anglo-American logistics diplomacy in the

Second World War. Cambridge [England]; New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University
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Vidaud, Jean. Les navires de commerce armés pour leur défense. Paris, Picart,
1936. 163 p.
Issued also as Thése - Univ. de Paris.
Winton, John. Convoy: the defence of sea trade, 1890-1990. London: M. Joseph,
1983. 378 p.
CONVOYS -- WWI
Bowling, Roland Alfred. Convoy in World War I: the influence of Admiral William S.
Sims, U.S. Navy. San Diego, CA: SDSU, 1975. 366 l.
Thesis (M.A.), San Diego State University, 1975.
Munro, Donald John. Convoys, blockades and mystery towers. London, S. Low,
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122
CONVOYS -- WWII -- GENERAL
Bennett, William Edward. The red duster at war. London, Gollancz, 1942. 192 p.
by Warren Armstrong [pseud.]
Convoys in World War II. Washington, DC: Navy Dept. Library, [1993]. (World War II
commemorative bibliography; no. 4). 14 p.
Campbell, A. B. (Archibald Bruce). Salute the red duster. London, C. Johnson,

[1952]. 207 p.
Creighton, Kenelm. Convoy commodore. [2d ed.]. London, W. Kimber [1956]. 205
p.
Elphick, Peter. Life line: the Merchant Navy at war, 1939-1945. London: Chatham,
1999. 224 p.
Hague, Arnold. The allied convoy system, 1939-1945: its organization, defence and
operation. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c2000. 208 p.
Originally published: Canada: Vanwell Publ. Ltd., St. Catharines, Ontario, 2000; London:
Chatham Publ., 2000.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V182 .H38 2000
Hope, Stanton. Ocean odyssey; a record of the fighting merchant navy. London,
Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1944. 220 p.
Johnston, Mac. Corvettes Canada: convoy veterans of WWII tell their true stories.
Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1994. 310 p.
Lane, Tony. The merchant seamen's war. Manchester; New York: Manchester
University Press; Distributed exclusively in the USA and Canada by St. Martin's Press,
c1990. 287 p.
Lewis, William J. Under the red duster: the merchant navy in World War II.
Shrewsbury: Airlife, 2003. 184 p.
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Nesbit, Roy Conyers. The strike wings: special anti-shipping squadrons, 1942-
1945. London: W. Kimber, 1984. 288 p.
O'Flaherty, Ferocious. Abandoned convoy; the U.S. merchant marine in World War
II. New York, Exposition Press, [1970]. 87 p.
Slader, John. The fourth service: merchantmen at war, 1939-1945. Wimborne

Minster: New Guild, 1995. 347 p.
123
Originally published: London: Hale, 1994.
________. The Red Duster at war: a history of the merchant navy during the
Second World War. London: W. Kimber, 1988. 352 p.
Woddis, Jack. Under the red duster: a study of Britain's merchant navy. London:
Senior Press, [1947]. 159 p.
CONVOYS -- WWII -- ARCTIC
Alotta, Robert I. and Donald R. Foxvog. The last voyage of the SS Henry Bacon. 1st
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Antier, Jean Jacques. La bataille des convois de Mourmansk. Paris: Presses de la

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Barashkov, IUrii Anatolévich. Arkticheskie konvoi v nastroenii Glenna Millera: opyt

kollektivnoi pamiati. Arkhangel´sk: M'Art, 2000. 181 p.
Added TP Title: Arctic convoys in the mood for Glen Miller
Bártl, Stanislav. Konvoj PQ 17: válecné drama v arktických morích. Praha: Paseka,
1995. 192 p.
Blond, Georges. Les Cargos massacrés: convois vers l'U.R.S.S. Paris, Presses de
la Cité, 1972. 251 p.
________. Convois vers l'U. R. S. S. Paris, Fayard, [1950]. 277 p.
________. Convois vers l'U. R. S. S. [Paris]: le Livre de poche, 1966. 256 p.
________. Kurs Murmansk: Die Schicksalsfahrten d. alliierten Eismeer-Konvois [

übers. von Karl Hellwig u. Cajus Bekker]. Oldenburg (Oldb); Hamburg: Stalling, 1957.
224 p.
German translation of Convoi vers l'URSS.
________. Kurs Murmansk: Die Schicksalsfahrten d. alliierten Eismeer-Konvois [

übers. von Karl Hellwig u. Cajus Bekker]. Bergisch Gladbach: Lübbe, 1981. 242 p.
________. Ordeal below zero; the heroic story of the Arctic convoys in World War
II. [1st English ed.]. London, Souvenir Press, 1956. 199 p.
English translation of Convoi vers l'URSS.
________. Ordeal below Zero. London: Transworld Publishers, 1957. 224 p.
________. Ordeal below Zero. London: Mayflower Books, 1965. 189 p.
124
________. Ordeal below zero. London: Mayflower Books, 1968. 189 p.
________. Ordeal below zero. Bath: Firecrest, 1987. 189 p.
Brookes, Ewart. The Gates of Hell. London: Jarrolds, 1960. 143 p.

On convoys to Murmansk during the 1939-45 war.
________. The Gates of Hell. London: Arrow Books, 1962. 190 p.
________. The gates of hell. New ed. London, Arrow Books, 1973. 192 p.
Bryzgalov, V. V. et al. Konvoi: issledovaniia, vospominaniia, bibliografiia,

dokumenty. Arkhangel´sk: Arkhangel´skii tsentr Russkogo geogr. ob-va, 1995.
(Istoriia i kul´tura Russkogo Severa). 317 p.
Campbell, Ian, Sir and Donald Macintyre. The Kola run; a record of Arctic convoys,
1941-1945. London, Muller, [c1958]. 254 p.
Carse, Robert. A cold corner of hell; the story of the Murmansk convoys, 1941-45.
[1st ed.]. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1969. 268 p.
________. Lifeline; the ships and men of our merchant marine at war. New York,
W. Morrow and company, 1943. 189 p.
________. There go the ships. New York, W. Morrow, 1942. 156 p.
Edwards, Bernard. The road to Russia: Arctic convoys 1942. Annapolis, MD: Naval
Originally published: London: Leo Cooper, 2002.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D770 .E394 2002
Evans, Mark Llewellyn. Great World War II battles in the Arctic. Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press, 1999. (Contributions in military studies no. 172). 165 p.
Herman, Frederick Sawyer. Dynamite cargo; convoy to Russia. New York, Vanguard,
[1943]. 158 p.
Heye, August Wilhelm. "Z 13" von Kiel bis Narvik, kriegserleben einer
zerstorerbesatzung. Berlin, E. S. Mittler & sohn, 1942. 242 p.
Hughes, Robert. Flagship to Murmansk; a gunnery officer in HMS 'Scylla', 1942-43.

London, Futura Publications, 1975. 191 p .
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Extracts and photos at http://www.world-war.co.uk/scylla_story.php3
125
Irving, David John Cawdell. The destruction of convoy PQ.17. New York, Simon and
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D771 .I7
Kemp, Paul. Convoy!: drama in arctic waters. London: Brockhampton Press, c1993.
256 p.
________. The Russian convoys, 1941-1945. Poole, Dorset: Arms and Armour
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64 p.
Kerslake, Sidney A. Coxswain in the northern convoys. London: W. Kimber, 1984.

191 p.
Kimata, Jiro. Kyokuhoku no kaisen. Shohan. Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, Showa 60

[1985]. (Koku senshi shirizu; 53). 411 p.
Lund, Paul and Harry Ludlam. Die Nacht der U-Boote: die Vernichtung des britischen
Geleitzugs SC 7 [Dt. Übers. von Klaus Kamberger]. 9. Aufl. München: Heyne, 1994.
222 p.
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German translation of Night of the U-boats
________ and ________. Night of the U-boats. London, New York, Foulsham, 1973.
204 p.
________ and ________. Night of the U-boats. London: New English Library, 1974.
173 p.
________ and ________. PQ 17--convoy to hell: the survivors' story. London, New
York [etc.], Foulsham, 1968. 240 p.
________ and ________. PQ 17--convoy to hell: the survivors' story. London: New
English Library, 1969. 192 p.
Macintyre, Donald G. F. W. The battle of the Atlantic. New York, Macmillan, [1961].
208 p.
Mouton, Patrick. L'or de Staline: 5 tonnes par 260 mètres de fond. Rueil-
Malmaison: Editions du Pen Duick, c1984. 196 p.
Pearce, Frank. Last call for HMS Edinburgh: a story of the Russian convoys. 1st
American ed. New York: Atheneum, 1982. 200 p.
Originally published: London: Collins, 1982.
126
Pearson, Michael. Red sky in the morning: the battle of the Barents Sea, 31
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Penrose, Barrie. Stalin's gold: the story of HMS Edinburgh and its treasure. 1st
American ed. Boston: Little, Brown, c1982. 223 p.
Originally published: London; New York: Granada, 1982. 223
Pertek, Jerzy. Bitwy konwojowe na arktycznej trasie. Wyd. 1. Poznań: Wydawn.

Poznańskie, 1982. 197 p.
Platonov, A. V. Poliarnye konvoi, 1941-1945. Sankt-Peterburg: Galeia Print, 1999.

(Arctic Allied Convoys in the World War II). 73 p.
Pope, Dudley. 73 North: the battle of the Barents Sea. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute
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NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D771 .P6 1988
Schofield, Brian Betham. The Arctic convoys. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1977.
198 p.
________. The Russian convoys. London, B. T. Batsford, [1964]. (British battles

series). 224 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D771 .S3
________. The Russian convoys. London: Pan Books, 1971. (British battles series).
237 p.
Smith, Peter Charles. Arctic victory: the story of convoy PQ 18. London: Kimber,
1975. 238 p.
________. Geleitzug nach Russland: d. Geschichte d. Konvois PQ 18 [Die Übertr.

ins Dt. besorgte Hans Renker]. 1. Aufl.. Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verlag, 1980. 284 p.
German translation of Arctic victory.
Suprun, M. N. Lend-liz i severnye konvoi: 1941-1945 gg. Moskva: Andreevskii flag,

1997. 363 p.
________, V.V. Bryzgalov and V.A. Liubimov. Severnye konvoi: issledovaniia,

vospominaniia, dokumenty. Arkhangel'sk: Arkhangel'skii filial Geograficheskogo
obshchestva SSSR, 1991-1994. 2 v.
Taylor, J. E. Northern escort. London, G. Allen & Unwin, [1945]. 127 p.
127
Taylor, Theodore. Battle in the arctic seas: the story of convoy PQ 17. New York:
Crowell, c1976. 151 p.
Wharton, Ric. The Salvage of the Century. Flagstaff, AZ: Best Publishing Company,
2000. 198 p.
Convoy QP-11; Recovery of HMS Edinburgh's cargo of gold.
Woodman, Richard. The Arctic convoys, 1941-1945. Pbk. ed. London: John Murray,
1995, c1994. 532 p.
Originally published: London: John Murray, 1994
CONVOYS -- WWII -- ATLANTIC
Bailey, Chris Howard. The Royal Naval Museum book of the Battle of the Atlantic:
the corvettes and their crews: an oral history. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press,
1994. 156 p.
Bertrand, Michel. Les escorteurs de la France libre. Paris: Presses de la Cite, c1984.
(Troupes de choc). 231 p.
Broome, John Egerton. Convoy is to scatter. London, Kimber, 1972. 232 p.
Burn, Alan. The fighting commodores: the convoy commanders in the Second
World War. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1999. 262 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V182 .B87 1999
Dennis, Owen. The rest go on. London, J. Crowther Ltd., 1942]. 132 p.
Edwards, Bernard. Attack and sink!: the battle for convoy SC42. Wimborne
Minster: New Guild, c1995. 199 p.
Essex, James W. Victory in the St. Lawrence: Canada's unknown war. Erin, Ontario:
Boston Mills Press, c1984. 159 p.
Gibson, Charles Dana, II. The ordeal of Convoy NY 119; a detailed accounting of
one of the strangest World War II convoys ever to cross the North Atlantic. New
York, South Street Seaport Museum, [1973]. 178 p.
________. The ordeal of Convoy NY 119; a detailed accounting of one of the

strangest World War II convoys ever to cross the North Atlantic. 2nd ed. Camden,
ME: Ensign Press, c1992. 180 p.
Gretton, Peter, Sir. Convoy escort commander. London, Cassell, [1964]. 223 p.
128
________. Crisis convoy; the story of HX231. London, P. Davies, 1974. 182 p.
________. Crisis convoy: the story of HX231. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press,
c1974. 182 p.
Halstead, Ivor. Heroes of the Atlantic; the British merchant navy carries on! New
York, E. P. Dutton & Co., inc., 1942. 235 p.
Hartmark, Arne. Atlanterhavsslaget og de norske korvettene. Oslo: Norsk maritimt

forlag, c1990. 123 p.
Haskell, Winthrop A. and Jürgen Rohwer. Shadows on the horizon: the battle of
Convoy HX-233. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1998. 192 p.
Originally published: London: Chatham Publ., 1998.
Kaplan, Philip and Jack Currie. Convoy: merchant sailors at war, 1939-1945.
Originally published: London: Aurum Press, 1998.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D810.T8 K37 1998
Kemp, Peter Kemp. Decision at sea: the convoy escorts. 1st ed. New York:
Elsevier-Dutton, c1978. (Men and battle). 84 p.
Knox, Collie. Atlantic battle. London, Methuen & co., ltd., [1941]. 103 p.
Lund, Paul and Harry Ludlam. Nightmare convoy: the story of the lost Wrens.
London. Foulsham. c1987. 128 p.
Middlebrook, Martin. Convoy. New York: Morrow, c1976. 350 p.
________. Convoy: the battle for convoys SC.122 and HX.229. London: Allen Lane,
1976. 378 p.
________. Konvoi: dt. U-Boote jagen allierte Geleitzüge [Aus d. Engl. von Erwin
Duncker]. Rastatt: Moewig, 1984. 320 p.
German translation of Convoy.
Milner, Marc. North Atlantic run: the Royal Canadian Navy and the battle for the
convoys. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1985. 326 p.
________. North Atlantic run: the Royal Canadian Navy and the battle for the
convoys. Toronto; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, c1985. 326 p.
129
Mumford, J. Gordon. The black pit-- and beyond. Burnstown, Ont.: General Store
Pub. House, c2000. 138 p.
Noli, Jean. The admiral's wolf pack [translated by J. F. Bernard]. [ 1st ed.]. Garden
City, NY, Doubleday, 1974. 396 p.
English translation of Les loups de l'amiral.
_____. Les loups de l'amiral. [Paris], Fayard, [1970]. (Grands documents

contemporains). 471 p.
O'Brien, David. HX 72: the first convoy to die: the Wolfpack attack that woke up
the admiralty. Halifax: Nimbus Pub., 1998. 168 p.
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Parker, Mike. Running the gauntlet: an oral history of Canadian merchant seamen
in World War II. Halifax, NS: Nimbus, c1994. 344 p.
Rayner, Denys Arthur, Stephen Wentworth and Evan Davies. Escort: the Battle of the
Atlantic. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1999. (Classics of naval literature). 258
p.
Originally published: London: W. Kimber, 1955.
Reid, Max. D.E.M.S. and the Battle of the Atlantic, 1939-1945. Ottawa: Commoners'
Pub. Society, c1990. 100 p.
Revely, Henry. The convoy that nearly died: the story of ONS 154. London: Kimber,
1979. 222 p.
Reynolds, Quentin James. Convoy. New York, Random House, [1942]. 303 p.
Rohwer, Jürgen. The critical convoy battles of March 1943: the battle for
HX.299/SC122 [translated from the German by Derek Masters]. London: I. Allan, 1977.
256 p.
English translation with revisions of Geleitzugschlachten im Marz 1943.
Rutter, Owen. Red ensign, a history of convoy. London, R. Hale limited, 1942. 214 p.
Sawicki, Jan Kazimierz. Bezbronne konwoje. Wyd. 1. Gdynia: Wyzsza Szkola

Morska, 1993. (Ksiegi Floty Ojczystej, 1230-7092; t. 3). 261 p.
Schofield, William G. Eastward the convoys. Chicago, Rand McNally [1965]. 239 p.
Seth, Ronald and P.W. Grelton. The fiercest battle: the story of North Atlantic
convoy ONS 5, 22nd April - 7th May 1943. [1st American ed.]. New York: Norton,
[1962, c1961]. 208 p.
130
Originally published: London: Hutchinson, 1961.
Smyth, Denis. Battle of St. Patrick's Day, March 1943: the story of the HX.229 and
SC.122 convoys-North Atlantic. [Belfast?]: North Belfast History Workshop, [196-?].
[32] p.
Tennent, Alan J. British and Commonwealth merchant ship losses to axis

submarines, 1939-1945. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Pub., 2001. 326 p.
Thomas, David Arthur. The Atlantic Star, 1939-45. London: W. H. Allen, 1990. 312 p.
Waters, John M. Bloody winter. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand, [1967]. 279 p.
________. Bloody winter. Rev. ed. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1984. 285
p.
Watt, Frederick B. In all respects ready: the Merchant Navy and the Battle of the
Atlantic, 1940-1945. Scarborough, Ont.; Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, c1985.
222 p.
Woon, Basil Dillon. Atlantic front, the merchant navy in the war. London, P. Davies
[1941]. 323 p.
CONVOYS -- WWII -- MALTA/MEDITERRANEAN
Cameron, Ian. Red duster, white ensign; the story of Malta and the Malta convoys.
Garden City, NY, Doubleday, 1960. 260 p.
Jurkovic, Ivo. Oni sa saveznickih konvoja. Rijeka: Visa pomorska skola, 1974. 151
p.
Kemp, Paul. Malta convoys, 1940-1943. London; New York: Arms & Armour Press,
[1988]. (Warships illustrated; no. 14). 64 p.
Nassigh, Riccardo. La battaglia dei convogli: Mediterraneo, 1940-1943. Roma:

Ufficio storia della marina militare, 1994. 233 p.
Contents: Part 1 -- La storia / Riccardo Nassigh -- La battaglia dei convogli --
Documentazione fotografica; Part 2 consists of papers presented at a conference held
Mar. 22, 1993, Naples, Italy.
Payne, Donald Gordon. Red duster, white ensign; the story of Malta and the malta
convoys. [1st ed.]. Garden City, NY, Doubleday, 1960. 260 p.
Originally published: London, Muller [1959].
131
Schembri, George and Mark Anthony Vella. Operation Pedestal: the convoy that
saved Malta, August 1942 = il-konvoj ta' Santa Marija, Awissu 1942. St. Julians,
Malta: M.A. Marketing, c1999. 1 v.
Shankland, Peter and Anthony Hunter. Malta convoy. London: Collins, 1961. 256 p.
Originally published: London: Collins, 1961.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D763.M3 S5
________ and ________. Malta convoy. London & Glasgow: Collins, 1963. 192 p.
________. and ________. Malta convoy. London & Glasgow, Collins: 1972. 192 p.
________ and ________. Malta convoy. Junior edition.. London: Collins, 1965. 256 p.
Smith, Peter Charles. Pedestal: the Malta convoy of August, 1942. London, Kimber,
1970. 208 p.
Thomas, David Arthur. Malta convoys 1940-42: the struggle at sea. London: Leo
Cooper, 1999. 234 p.
Woodman, Richard. Malta convoys, 1940-1943. London: J. Murray, 2000. 532 p.
CONVOYS -- WWII -- PACIFIC
McAulay, Lex. Battle of the Bismarck Sea. 1st ed. New York: St. Martin's, 1991. 226
p.
Komamiya, Shinshichiro. Senji yuso sendanshi. Tokyo: Shuppan Kyodosha, Showa 62

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144
most daring raids. Singapore: Cultured Lotus, 2002. 320 p.
Skulski, Janusz. The heavy cruiser Takao. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press,
c1994. (Anatomy of the ship). 256 p.
Wrecked by British X-craft XE-1 and XE-3 in the Straight of Johore.
Thomson, Peter And Robert Macklin. Kill the tiger: the truth about Operation
Rimau. Sydney: Hodder, 2002. 306 p.
These courageous men were part of Operation Rimau (Malay for tiger) which would use
the latest one-man submarines - Sleeping Beauties - developed by Royal Navy
scientists in Britain and yet to be tested in combat.
Torisu, Kennosuke. Ningen gyorai: Tokko heiki "Kaiten" to wakodotachi. Tokyo:

Shinchosha, 1983. 329 p.
Toschi, Elios. Tesei e i cavalieri subacquei. Roma, G. Volpe, 1967. (Italiani in guerra,
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Tsumura, Toshiyuki, pseud. Ningen gyorai Kaiten. 29 [1954]. 263 p.
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Shohan. Tokyo: Shounsha, Heisei 12 [2000]. 410 p.
Waldron, Thomas John and James Gleeson. The frogmen; the story of the wartime
underwater operators. London, Evans Bros., [1950]. 191 p.
________. The frogmen; the story of the wartime underwater operations. Cadet
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________. The frogmen. New ed. New York: Berkley Pub. Corp., 1963. 173 p.
________. The frogmen: the story of the wartime underwater operators. [New
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________. Midget submarine. New York: Ballantine Books, 1975. (Ballantine's

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________. Submarinos enanos [traductor: Juan Genova]. Madrid: Editorial San Martin,
1979. (Historia del siglo de la violencia. Armas; libro no. 33). 159 p.
Spanish translation of Midget Submarine.
Walker, Frank and Pamela Mellor. The mystery of X-5: Lieutenant H. Henty-Creer's
attack on the Tirpitz. London: William Kimber, c1988. 239 p.
145
Warner, Denis Ashton, Peggy Warner and Sadao Seno. The sacred warriors: Japan's
suicide legions. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, c1982. 370 p.
Warner, Peggy and Sadao Seno. The coffin boats: Japanese midget submarine
operations in the Second World War. London: Leo Cooper in association with Secker
& Warburg, 1986. 206 p.
Warren, Charles Esme Thornton and James Benson. The midget raiders. New York,
W. Sloane Associates, 1954. 318 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D784.G7 W2
________, ________ and Sir George Creasy. Above us the waves: the story of
midget submarines and human torpedos. London: Transworld, 1955. 332 p.
Originally published: London: George G. Harrap, 1953.
Watanabe, Yoshimitsu. Seishun no wasurezaru hibi: kaiten tokko ichi taiin no

senso. [Aichiken Tokai-shi]: Watanabe Yoshimitsu, Heisei 2 [1990]. 446 p.
Wilkinson, Burke. By sea and by stealth. New York: Coward-McCann, c1956. 218 p.
Wright, Bruce S. The frogmen of Burma: the story of the Sea Reconnaissance
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Yamaoka, Sohachi. Kaitei senki. [1943]. 218 p.
________. Kaitei senki. Tokyo: Chuo Koron Shinsha, 2000. (Chuko bunko). 191 p.
Yokota, Yutaka. Aa kaiten tokkotai. 46 [1971]. ?? p.
________. Aa Kaiten Tokubetsu Kogekitai. [1968]. 294 p.
________ and Harrington, Joseph D. Suicide submarine! New York: Ballantine Books,
[c1962]. (A Ballantine original; S600). 255 p.
Originally published: New York, Ballantine Books, [1962] as The kaiten weapon.
Q-SHIPS
Auten, Harold. "Q" boat adventures, the exploits of the famous mystery ships.
[London], H. Jenkins limited, [1935]. 289 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D581 .A9
Beyer, Kenneth M. Q-ship versus U-boats: America's secret project. Annapolis, MD:
Naval Institute Press, 1999. 336 p.
146
Bridgland, Tony. Sea killers in disguise: the story of the Q-ships and decoy ships in
the First World War. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1999. 274 p.
Originally published: London: Leo Cooper, 1999
Campbell, Gordon. My mystery ships. Garden City, NY, Doubleday, Doran &
Company, inc., 1929. 318 p.
Originally published: London, Hodder & Stoughton, limited, [1928].
Chatterton, E. Keble. Q-ships and their story. [Annapolis], Naval Institute Press, 1972.
276 p.
Originally published: London: Sidgwick & Jackson, ltd., 1922; Boston, C. E. Lauriat, 1927.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D581 .C44
________. Q-ships and their story. New York: Arno Press, 1980, c1972. 276 p.
Reprint, originally published: Anapolis, Naval Institute Press, 1972.
Coder, Barbara J. Q-Ships of the Great War. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air
University Command and Staff College, 2000. 30 p.
Electronic access: http://www.au.af.mil/au/database/projects/ay2000/acsc/00-220.pdf
Coles, Alan. Slaughter at sea: the truth behind a naval war crime. London, Hale,
1986. 220 p.
Higgins, Alexander Pearce. Defensively-armed merchant ships and submarine

warfare. London, Stevens, 1917. 56 p.
Noyes, Alfred. Mystery ships: trapping the "U" boat. London, Hodder & Stoughton,
1916. 181 p.
Ritchie, Carson I. A. Q-ships. Lavenham, Suffolk: Terence Dalton, 1985. 216 p.
SUBMARINES -- GENERAL
Arkin, William M. and Joshua Handler. Naval accidents, 1945-1988. Washington, DC

(1436 U St., NW, Washington 20009: Greenpeace: Institute for Policy Studies, [1989].
(Neptune papers; no. 3). 83 p.
Bergelin, Jacques and Victor Alexandrov. Guerre secrèté sous les océans. Paris,
Éditions maritimes it d'outremer, 1970. 198 p.
Bravetta, Ettore. Sottomarini sommergibili e torpedini. Milano: Fratelli Treves, Editori,

1915. 230 p.
147
Burcher, Roy and Louis Rydill. Concepts in submarine design. Cambridge [England];
New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998, 1994. (Cambridge ocean technology
series; 2). 300 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VM365 .B89 1998/VM365 .B89 1994
Burgess, Robert Forrest. Ships beneath the sea: a history of subs and
submersibles. New York: McGraw-Hill, [1975]. 260 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V857 .B9
Bynander, Fredrik, ed. Ubåtsfrågan – ett symposium (The Submarine Issue – A

Symposium). Stockholm: Swedish National Defence College, 2002. 132 p.
Cohen, P. The realm of the submarine. [New York], Macmillan, [1969]. 274 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V857 .C6
Compton-Hall, Richard. Submarine boats: the beginnings of underwater warfare.

New York: Arco Pub., 1984, c1983. 192 p.
________. The submarine pioneers. Phoenix Mill, Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire:

Sutton Pub., c1999. 182 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY V857 .C652 1999
________. Submarine versus submarine: the tactics and technology of underwater

confrontation. 1st ed. New York: Orion Books, c1988. 191 p.
Originally published: Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1988.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V214.5 .C65 1988
________. Submarine warfare: monsters & midgets. Poole, Dorset: Blandford Press;
New York, NY: Distributed in the U.S. by Sterling Pub. Co., 1985. 160 p.
Cope, Harley Francis and Leland P. Lovette. Serpent of the seas: the submarine.
New York; London: Funk & Wagnalls company, c1942. 252 p.
Douglas, Lawrence Henry. Submarine disarmament: 1919-1936. [Syracuse, NY]:

c1970.] 276 p.
Thesis (Ph.D.), Syracuse University, 1970.
Dugan, James. Man under the sea. New York: Harper & Brothers, c1956. 332 p.
Originally published: London: Hamish Hamilton: London, 1956 as Man explores the sea,
366 p.
Dunmore, Spencer. Lost subs: from the Hunley to the Kursk, the greatest
submarines ever lost - and found. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, 2002. 178 p.
Contents: The silent service -- August 12, 2000: the final moments aboard the Russian
Navy's nuclear submarine Kurst -- The birth of the submarine: A brief history of early
subs, including the Turtle and the Nautilus -- The first underwater weapon of war: the
148
American Confederate sub H.L. Hunley -- The submarine comes of age: the influence of
John Holland on submarine design -- Battle under the sea: the submarine has now
become a formidable weapon, as Germany's U-boats prove during the First World War -
- Lost in peace: two submarine tragedies, the US Navy's Squalus and the Royal Navy's
Thetis, dominate peacetime headlines -- The U-boat war: Germany revolutionizes the
way submarines are used in combat -- A casualty of the Cold War: a tiny piece of
aluminum foil spells disaster for the US Navy's nuclear submarine Scorpion -- Disaster
under the Barents Sea: the tragic story of the Kursk -- For those in peril.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VB230 .D97 2002
Ekman, Per-Olof. Havsvargar: ubatar och ubatskrig i Ostersjon. [Helsinki]: Schildt,

c1983. 348 p.
Ellacott, S. E. Ships under the sea. London: Hutchinson, 1961. 142 p.
Ferm, Anders. Perspektiv på ubåtsfrågan. Hanteringen av ubåtsfrågan politiskt

och militärt. SOU 2001:85. Stockholm: Ministry of Defence, 2001.
http://forsvar.regeringen.se/propositionermm/sou/.
Summary in English: http://forsvar.regeringen.se/propositionermm/sou/pdf/sou2001_85d.pdf
Forsen, Bjorn och Annette Forsen. Tysklands och Finlands hemliga

ubatssamarbete. [Helsingfors]: Soderstrom, c1999. 334 p.
Francis, Timothy L. Submarines: leviathans of the deep. New York: MetroBooks,

c1997. 144 p.
Friedman, Norman. Submarine design and development. Annapolis, MD: Naval

Fyfe, Herbert C. Submarine warfare: past, present and future. London: Grant
Richards, 1902. 332 p.
________. Submarine warfare past, present and future. 2nd ed. London: Grant
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V210 .F9 MISSING
________. Submarine warfare: past and present. 2nd ed. Revised. London: E. Grant
Gabler, Ulrich. Submarine design. Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe, c1986. 140 p.
English translation of Unterseebootbau.
________. Unterseebootsbau. Darmstadt, Wehr und Wissen, [1964]. 157 p.
Gardner, W. J. R. Anti-submarine warfare. 1st English ed. London; Washington:

Brassey's, 1996. (Brassey's sea power; v. 11). 160 p.
149
Garrett, Richard. Submarines. 1st American ed. Boston: Little, Brown, c1977. 143 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V857 .G24
Gates, P. J. and N. M. Lynn. Ships, submarines, and the sea. 1st ed. London;
Washington: Brassey's, 1990. (Brassey's sea power; v. 2). 178 p.
Gray, Edwyn. Few survived: a comprehensive survey of submarine accidents and

disasters. 2nd ed. London: Leo Cooper, 1996. 274 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VK1265 .G73 1996
________. Submarine warriors. New York: Bantam Books, 1990, c1988. 324 p.
Originally published: Novato, CA: Presidio, 1988.
Guierre, Maurice Casimir Lucien. Aux postes de plongee. 3rd ed. [Paris]: Gallimard,
c1959. 477 p.
________. Sous mariniers. Paris: Flammarion, 1948. 303 p.
Gunston, Bill. Submarines in color. New York: Arco Pub. Co., 1977, c1976. 200 p.
Originally published: Poole: Blandford Press, 1976 as Submarines in colour.
Hervey, John B. Submarines. 1st English ed. London; New York: Brassey's; New
York: Distributed by Macmillan, 1994. Brassey's sea power; v. 7). 289 p.
Herzog, Bodo. 60 Jahre deutsche Uboote 1906-1966. München, J. F. Lehmann,

[1968]. 324 p.
Hezlet, Arthur Richard. The submarine and sea power. London, P. Davies; New
York, Stein & Day, 1967. 278 p.
Horton, Edward. The illustrated history of the submarine. Garden City, NY:
Doubleday, [1974]. 160 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V210 .H8
________. The illustrated history of the submarine. London: Sidgwick & Jackson,
c1974. 160 p.
Hutchinson, Robert. Jane's Submarines: War Beneath the Waves from 1776 to the
Present Day. New York: HarperCollins, 2002. 223 p.
Ireland, Bernard. Warships of the world: submarines & fast attack craft. London: I.
Allan, 1980. 160 p.
150
Jackson, George Gibbard. The romance of the submarine. Philadelphia, J.B.
Lippincott company, [1930]. 244 p.
Originally published: London: Sampson Low, Marston, 1930.
Jackson, Robert. Submarines of the World. Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero, 2000. 320
p.
________. Unterseeboote. Bindlach: Gondrom-Vlg., 2001. 320 p.

German translation of Submarines of the World
Jameson, William. The most formidable thing; the story of the submarine from its
earliest days to the end of World War I. London, R. Hart-Davis, 1965. 280 p.
Jane's Information Group. Jane's underwater warfare systems. Coulsdon, Surrey,

UK: Jane's Information Group, annual.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE V214 .J36 YY/YY
Jones, Eric R. The proliferation of conventionally-powered submarines: balancing

U.S. Cruise missile diplomacy? The cases of India and Iran. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1997. (ADA333352). 98 p.
Abstract: The end of the Cold War has left the United States as the world's sole superpower. The ability of
the United States to strike deep into the territories of most nations with impunity represents a new security
threat to many nations. Defeating the U.S. military is not feasible in mostcases, but balancing the United
States may be possible, especially with weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Although WMD might provide
a formidable deterrent, their technical, political, and economic costs preclude most nations from pursuing
them. On the other hand, modern conventionally powered submarines are easier to obtain and operate and
could present a significant deterrent to U.S. military force. This thesis assesses whether the perceived threat
posed by the United States has emerged as a motivation for acquiring conventionally powered submarines
since the end of the Cold War. After examining the motivations behind the recent submarine acquisitions of
India and Iran, this thesis presents an economic model to predict when developing nations will be able to
afford submarines if they choose to acquire them.
Khiiainen, Lev Petrovich. Razvitie zarubezhnykh podvodnykh lodok i ikh taktiki.

Moskva: Voenizdat, 1979. 150 p.
Khvoshch, V. A. Taktika podvodnykh lodok. Moskva: Voen. izd-vo, 1989. 262 p.
Kolesnik, Eugene M. NATO and Warsaw Pact submarines since 1955. Poole,
England; New York: Blandford, 1987. [160] p.
Kvitnitskii, Aleksei Alekseevich. Bor´ba s podvodnymi lodkami (po inostrannym

dannym). 125 p.
151
Lewis, David R. The fight for the sea: the past, present and future of submarine
warfare in the Atlantic. Cleveland, World Pub. Co., [1961]. 350 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V210 .L6
Lipscomb, Frank Woodgate and Malcolm McGregor. Historic submarines. New York,
Prager, [1970]. 35 p.
Originally published: London: Evelyn, 1970. 39 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FOLIO V857 .L7
Mallison, W. Thomas. Studies in the law of naval warfare: submarines in general

and limited wars. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1968. (International law studies;
58). 230 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 208.207:58
Mattila, Tapani and Olavi Vitikka. Uhka lännestä: Suomen meripuolustus

autonomian aikana. Helsinki: Suomi merellä -säätiö, 1996. 222 p.
Middleton, Drew. Submarine, the ultimate naval weapon: its past, present & future.
1st ed. Chicago: Playboy Press, c1976. 256 p.
Miller, David. An illustrated guide to modern sub hunters. Arco Pub., c1984. 160 p.
________. An illustrated guide to modern submarines: the undersea weapons that

rule the oceans today. New York: Arco Pub., c1982. 159 p.
________. Submarines of the world. 1st American ed. New York: Orion Books,
c1991. 189 p.
________ and John Jordan. Modern submarine warfare. London; New York:
Salamander Books Ltd., c1987. 208 p.
Moore, John Evelyn, ed. Jane's pocket book of submarine development. New York:
Collier Books, 1976. 240 p.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE V857 .J3
________ and Richard Compton-Hall. Submarine warfare: today and tomorrow.

Bethesda, MD: Adler & Adler, 1987, c1986. 308 p.
Originally published: London: Joseph, 1986.
Preston, Antony. Navies of World War 3. New York: Military Press: Distributed by
Crown Publishers, c1984. 192 p.
152
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA41 .P75 1984
________. Submarine warfare: an illustrated history. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay
Press, 1998. 160 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V210 .P67 1998
________. Submarines. Greenwich, CT: Bison. 1982. 64 p.
________. Submarines. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982. 192 p.
________. Submarines. New York: Gallery Books, c1982. 192 p.

NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY V857 .P727 1982
________. Submarines: the history and evolution of underwater fighting vessels.

London: Octopus Books, 1975. 124 p.
Produced from material published by Phoebus Publishing Co. in 1974 and 1975.
Prichard, Pete. Submarine badges and insignia of the world: an illustrations [i.e.
illustrated] reference for collectors. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military/Aviation History,
c1997. (Schiffer military history). 136 p.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE VC345 .P75 1997
Rush, Charles W., W. C. Chambliss and H. J. Gimpel. The complete book of

submarines. Cleveland: World Pub. Co., c1958. 159 p.
Selwyn, Philip A., Glenn R Spalding and Frank M. Lev. Department of the Navy
Exploratory Development (6.2) Investment Strategy. Arlington, VA: Office of the
Chief of Naval Research, 1990. (ADA229337). 24 p.
Abstract: This document presents the Department of the Navy (DON) Exploratory Development (6.2)
Investment Strategy, which establishes the focus and major thrusts of the 6.2 Program. The Navy's
investment strategy for its exploratory development activities is derived from a national security strategy
that mandates continued fulfillment of U.S. responsibilities in both Europe and Asia. In addition, the
changing world environment will increase our responsibilities with respect to Third World nations.
Successful implementation of U.S. strategy presumes that our naval forces will maintain technical
superiority in their weaponry and platforms. As such, our warfighting strategy is achievable only if our
nation maintains its current technological leadership. The Soviet Union's quantitative advantages and
qualitative advances in space, submarine warfare, cruise missiles, and electronic warfare are tangible
evidence that our ability to maintain a technological edge clearly is being challenged. Proliferation of high
technology will continue to expand on the world arms market and will become prevalent in the Third
World. Therefore, the requirement to maintain technological superiority remains absolutely essential.
Siebe, Michael A. Force Protection of Sea Based Logistics, A Historical

Perspective. Newport, RI: Naval War College, 1991. (ADA370875). 21 p.
Abstract: The United States is heavily reliant on sea based logistics shipping. This shipping gives the
United States great flexibility but it is also a critical vulnerability. During WW II Japan was a nation
dependent on maritime shipping and Japan failed to provide adequate resources to protect that shipping.
The results were disastrous. The U.S. and Great Britain also experienced attacks on maritime shipping in
WW I and II. Resources were allocated and tactics developed to counter the German submarine threat.
153
Current U.S. doctrine addresses protection of maritime shipping, but without a credible threat and with ever
decreasing Naval resources, it is doubtful that the issue of maritime force protection will be seriously
addressed until disaster strikes.
Stafford, Edward Peary. The far and the deep. New York, Putnam, [1967]. 384 p.
________. The far and the deep. London: Barker, 1968. 382 p.
Thornton, W. M. and Gustavo Conde. Submarine insignia & submarine services of

the world. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1997. 155 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VC345 .T48 1997
Time-Life Books, eds. Hunters of the deep. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books;
Morristown, NJ: School & library distribution, Silver Burdett, c1992. (The New face of
war). 160 p.
Tunander, Ola. Hårsfjärden: det hemliga ubåtskriget mot Sverige; översättning

från engelska av Johan Erséus. Stockholm: Norstedts, 2001. 405 p.
________. The secret war against Sweden: US and British submarine deception
and political control in the 1980s. Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2003. (Cass series--
naval policy and history, 1366-9478; 21). 380 p.
United States. Office of Naval Intelligence. Worldwide submarine challenges.

[Washington, DC?]: The Office, 1997. 31 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 201.2:W 89
________. Worldwide submarine challenges. [Washington, DC?]: The Office, 1996.

32 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 5.202:W 89/2
Van der Vat, Dan. Stealth at sea: the history of the submarine. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1995, c1994. 374 p.
Originally published: London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1994
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V857 .V35 1995
Wahlbäck, Krister. Submarine Incursions in Swedish Waters, 1989-1992: A

Comment on the Report of the Latest Official Investigation and the Debate It
Brought About. The Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact, by
permission of the Center for Security Studies at ETH Zurich and the National Security
Archive at the George Washington University on behalf of the PHP network. 30
October 2002.
http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/research/AreaStudies/Wahlback.pdf
154
Watts, Anthony John. Non-nuclear submarines--the world market. Coulsdon, Surrey,
UK; Alexandria, VA: Jane's Information Group, 1996. (Jane's special report). 167 p.
Weybrew, Benjamin B. The ABC's of stress: a submarine psychologist's

perspective. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1992. 220 p.
SUBMARINES -- GENERAL -- BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Anderson, Frank J., comp. & ed. Submarines, diving, and the underwater world: a
bibliography. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1975. 238 p.
Originally published in 1963 as Submarines, submariners, submarining.
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Beer, Albert. Auswahl-Literaturverzeichnis zur Geschichte der Seekriegführung.

[Ellwangen, Kottenwiesen 7]: A. Beer, [1984 ?]. 72 p.
Bryce, Barbara Ann, comp. An annotated literature survey of submarines,

torpedoes, anti-submarine warfare, undersea weapon systems, and oceanography:
1941 to January 1962. [California?]: Autonetics, [1962]. 1 v.
Jameson, Mary Ethel, comp. Submarines; a list of references in the New York Public
Library. New York: New York Public Library, 1918. 97 p.
Martini, Ron. Hot, Straight and Normal: A submarine bibliography. Available from
[email protected], 1997. 108 p.
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Undersea warfare. An annotated

bibliography of submarine technical literature, 1557 to 1953. Washington, 1954. 261
p.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE V857 .A26
Paine, Thomas O, comp. Submarining: three thousand books and articles. Santa
Barbara, CA: General Electric Co.-TEMPO, Center for Advanced Studies, [1971]. 414 p.
Schlemm, Jürgen. Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939-1945 in der Literatur: eine kommentierte

Bibliographie. Hamburg: Elbe-Spree-Verlag, c2000. 212 p.
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SUBMARINES -- GENERAL -- FICTION (SELECTED AUTHORS)
Ballard, Robert D. and Tony Chiu. Bright shark. New York, NY: Delacorte Press,
1992. 483 p.
DKL Location: LEISURE BAL
155
________. Bright shark. Dunton Green: Coronet, 1992. 512 p.
Originally published: London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1992. 400 p.
________. Das Rätsel der dakar [Aus dem Amerikan. von Ralf Friese]. Frankfurt:
Verlag Ullstein GmbH, c1994. 454 p.
German translation of Bright Shark
DKL Location: GENERAL PS3552.A467 B71 1994
________. Das Rätsel der Dakar: Roman [Übers.: Ralf Friese]. Ungekürzte Ausg.
München: Ullstein, 2000. 454 p.
German translation of Bright Shark.
Beach, Edward Latimer. Cold is the sea. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1978. 348 p.
Originally published: New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1978.
________. Cold is the sea. New York: Dell Pub. Co., 1979, c1978. 447 p.
________. Dust on the sea. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1972. 349 p.
________. Dust on the sea. London: Coronet, 1972. 493p.
________. Dust on the sea. New York: Dell Pub. Co., 1973, c1972. 429 p.
________. Run silent, run deep. New York, NY: Holt, c1955. 364 p.
Originally published: London: Allan Wingate, 1955.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY PS3503.E2 R9 1955
________. Run silent, run deep. London: Coronet, 1955. 317 p.
________. Run silent, run deep. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, [1985], c1955.
(Classics of naval literature). 343 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY PS3503.E2 R9 1985
________. Run silent, run deep. South Yarmouth, MA: Curley Pub., [1992], c1955.
(Curley large print). 552 p.
________. Tödliche Tiefen: Roman d. U-Bootkrieges im Pazifik [Aus d. Amerikan.

übers. von Reimar von Bonin]. Stuttgart: Günther, 1956. 361 p.
German translation of Run silent, run deep.
Buchheim, Lothar-Günther. A tengeralattjáró [Ford. Farkas Tünde]. Budapest:

Magyar Könyvklub, 1999. 702 p.
Hungarian translation of Das Boot.
156
________. The boat; translated from the German by Denver and Helen Lindley. 1st
American ed. New York: Knopf: distributed by Random House, 1975. 463 p.
English translation of Das Boot.
________. The boat: one of the best novels ever written about war = Das Boot.
London: Cassell, 1999. (Cassell military paperbacks). 563p.
________. Das Boot. Frankfurt am Main, Wien, Zürich: Büchergilde Gutenberg, [1975].
575 p.
________. Das Boot. Stuttgart, Hamburg, München: Dt. Bücherbund, [1976]. 652 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. München: Piper, 1973. 601 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. Stuttgart: Europ. Bildungsgemeinschaft, [1975]. 575 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. Ungekürzte Ausg. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch-

Verlag, 1976. 633 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. Sonderausg. München: Piper, 1976. 601 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann-Club, [1981]. 574 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann-Club, [1985]. 575 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. Buchheim; Stuttgart; München: Dt. Bücherbund, [1985].
575 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. 27. Aufl., Neuausg. 1993, (1. Aufl. dieser Ausg).
München; Zürich: Piper, 1993. 601 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. 29. Aufl., Neuausg. 1995, (1. Aufl. der Neuausg).
München; Zürich: Piper, 1995. 601 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. Ungekürzte Buchgemeinschafts-Lizenzausg. Rheda-

Wiedenbrück: Bertelsmann-Club, [1997]. 575 p.
________. Das Boot: Roman. Ungekürzte Taschenbuchausg. München; Zürich:

Piper, 2002. 558 p.
________. De boot: de geschiedenis van een onderzeeboot en zijn bemanning

[Vertaling: Dolf Koning]. 7. dr. Baarn: Bosch en Keuning, 1990. 559 p.
Dutch translation of Das Boot.
157
________. Okret [Przel. Adam Kaska]. Wyd. 3. Warszawa: Wydawn. Bellona, 1996.
614 p.
Polish translation of Das Boot.
_______. Okret [Przel. Adam Kaska]. Wyd. 5. Warszawa: Dom Wydawn. Bellona,
2000. 614 p.
Polish translation of Das Boot.
________. Podmornica. Zalozba Lipa, 1975. 680 p.

Slovenia translation of Das Boot.
________. Ponorka. Praha: Nase vojsko, knizni obchod, 1991. 496 p.

Czech translation of Das Boot.
________. Le styx: roman [traduit de l'allemand par Bernard Kreiss]. Paris: A. Michel,
c1977. 496 p.
French translation of Das Boot.
________. Submarino. Madrid: Ultramar, 1975. 416 p.

Spanish translation of Das Boot.
________. Sukellusvene. Helsinki: Wilin & Göös, 1975. 459 p.

Finnish translation of Das Boot.
________. U-Båd [Overs. af Hans Chr. Dahlerup Koch]. - 2. udg., 3. opl.. - [København]:
Forum, 1992. 423 p.
Danish translation of Das Boot.
________. Ubåt [övers. från tyska av Britta Hagwall; teknisk fackgranskning av Wilhelm
Hagwall]. Forum, 1973. 470 p.
Swedish translation of Das Boot.
________. U-boat; translated by J. Maxwell Brownjohn. London: Collins, 1974. 480 p.

________. U-Boot: [Atlantico, 1941: la grande avventura di un sommergibile

tedesco; romanzo] [Trad. di Ursula Olmini Soergel]. 1. ed. Milano: Net, 2002 514 p.
Italian translation of Das Boot.
________. U-boto [Rotaru-Gyunta Bufuhaimu]. Tokyo: Hayakawa Shobo, 1977. 503 p.

Japanese translation of Das Boot.
________. U 96: Szenen aus d. Seekrieg; e. Film. Hamburg: Knaus, 1981. 348 p.
________. U 96: Szenen aus d. Seekrieg; e. Film. Ungekürzte Ausg., 1. Aufl.

München: Goldmann, [1985]. 347 p.
158
________. Der Film "Das Boot": e. Journal. Orig.-Ausg., 1. Aufl., 1. München:
Goldmann, 1981. 253 p.
________. Der Film Das Boot: e. Journal. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann-Club, [1982] 253 p.
Clancy, Tom. The hunt for Red October. New York: Berkley Books, 1985, c1984. 469
p.
Originally published: Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1984.
________. Jagd auf Roter Oktober: Roman [Einzig berecht. Übers. aus d. Amerikan.
von Hardo Wichmann]. 1. Aufl. Bern; München; Wien: Scherz, 1986. 383 p.
German translation of The hunt for Red October.
________. Jagd auf Roter Oktober: Roman [Einzig berecht. Übers. aus d. Amerikan.
von Hardo Wichmann]. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann-Club, [1987]. 383 p.
German translation of The Hunt for Red October.
________. Jagd auf "Roter Oktober": Roman [Einzig berecht. Übertr. aus d. Amerikan.
von Hardo Wichmann]. 1. Aufl. [München]: Goldmann, [1988]. 383 p.
________. Jagd auf Roter Oktober [Übers. aus dem Amerikan. von Hardo Wichmann].
Stuttgart; München: Dt. Bücherbund, [1989]. 383 p.
________. Jagd auf Roter Oktober: Roman; [Einzig berecht. Übertr. aus dem
Amerikan. von Hardo Wichmann]. Klagenfurt: Kaiser, [1992]. 317 p.
________. Jagd auf Roter Oktober: Roman [Einzig berechtigte Übers. aus dem
Amerikan. von Hardo Wichmann]. Wien: Tosa, 1996. 383 p.
German translation of the Hunt for Red October.
________. Jagd auf Roter Oktober: Roman [Aus dem Amerikan. von Hardo
Wichmann]. Taschenbuchausg. München: Heyne, 2001. 493 p.
German translation of the Hunt for Red October.
________. Octobre rouge: roman [traduit de l'américain par Marianne Véron avec la
collab. de Jean Sabbagh]. Paris: Albin michel, 1986. 485 p.
Franch translation of The Hunt for Red October.
________. Okhota za "Krasnym Oktëiìabrem." New York: Liberty Publishing House,

1986. 535 p.
Russian translation of the Hunt for Red October.
Grass, Günter. Crabwalk; translated from the German by Krishna Winston. 1st ed.
Orlando: Harcourt, c2002. 234 p.
English translation of Im Krebsgang.
159
Recounts refugee family from the singking of the Wilhelm Gustloff.
________. Crabwalk. London: Faber, 2002. 234 p.

Originally published as "Im Krebsgang". Gottingen: Steidl Verlag, 2002.
This English translation first published Orlando: Harcourt, 2002.
________. En crabe. Paris: le Grand livre du mois, 2002. 263 p.

French translation of Im Krebsgang.
________. Hodom raka [Prevela sa nemackog Aleksandra Gojkov Rajic]. Beograd:

Narodna Knjiga, 2002. 204 p.
Serbian translation of Im Krebsgang.
________. Im Krebsgang: eine Novelle. Göttingen: Steidl, 2002. 216 p.
________. Im Krebsgang: eine Novelle. München: Saur, 2003. 300 p.
________. Im Krebsgang: Eine Novelle. 1. Aufl. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch

Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2004. 224 p.
Topol, Edward. Chuzhoe litso. Moskva: Egro-Press, 1994. (Oboima detektivov ). 348
p.
________. Chuzhoe litso = Submarine U-137. N'iu-Iork: Eduard Topol Ltd., 1987.
390 p.
________. Submarine U-137. London: Corgi, 1985. 443 p.

Originally published: London, New York: Quartet Books, 1984.
English translation of Zagadka Y-137
In 1981 Soviet sub U-137 ran aground near the Swedish naval base at Karlskrona
________. U-137 oder Europa wird erschüttert [Übers. aus d. Russ. von Nina Stein
u. Hanns-Peter Pichl]. München: Roitman; Knaur: Droemer, 1983. 335 p.
German translation of Zagadka Y-137.
________. Ubåt 137: med uppdrag från KGB [övers.: Jan Järnebrand]. 1985. 367 p.
Swedish translation of Zagadka Y-137
SUBMARINES -- GENERAL -- NUCLEAR
Beaver, Paul. Nuclear powered submarines. London; New York: Arms & Armour
Press; New York, NY: Distributed in the U.S. by Sterling Pub. Co., 1986. (Warships
illustrated; no. 5). 72 p.
160
Clancy, Tom. Atom U Boot: Reise ins Innere eines Nuclear Warship. München:
Heyne, 1997. 375 p.
German translation of Submarine: a guided tour inside a nuclear warship.
________. Submarine: a guided tour inside a nuclear warship. 1st ed. New York:
Putnam, c1993. 328 p.
________ and John Gresham. Submarine: a guided tour inside a nuclear warship.
Berkeley revised mass-market edition. New York: Berkeley Books, 2002. 323 p.
________ and John Gresham. Submarine: a guided tour inside a nuclear warship.
Berkeley revised trade papaerback edition. New York: Berkeley Books, 2003. 368 p.
Cote, Owen R. The third battle: innovation in the U.S. Navy's silent Cold War
struggle with Soviet submarines. Newport, RI: Naval War College, Center for Naval
Warfare Studies, 2003. (Newport paper; no. 16). 104 p.
Electronic access: http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/npapers/np16/NewportPaper16.pdf
Craven, John P. The silent war: the Cold War battle beneath the sea. New York:
Simon & Schuster, c2001. 304 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V63.C7 A3 2001
Crouch, Holmes F. Nuclear ship propulsion. Cambridge, MD, Cornell Maritime

Press, 1960. 347 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VM774 .C9
Eriksen, Viking Olver. Sunken nuclear submarines: a threat to the environment?

Oslo: Norwegian University Press; Oxford; New York: Distributed world-wide excluding
Scandinavia by Oxford University Press, c1990. 176 p.
Ford, Thom W. Ballistic missile submarines of the United States and the Soviet
Union: a comparison of systems and doctrine. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
(ADA127829). 125 l.
Also published in microfilm: Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, Inc.,
c1986. (Soviet Union special studies, 1982-1985; 2).
Abstract: This thesis compares the development of fleet ballistic missile systems in the United States and
Soviet Union and their contribution to the achievement of national security objectives of each nation. To this
end, submarine and missile technologies, elements of operational practices and support, and general
strategic doctrine, are traced. A comparative assessment of weapon system effectiveness and potential in
achieving stated objectives is derived from capabilities, peacetime employment, and wartime plans as
stated in open doctrinal documents.
161
Fürst, Andreas, Volker Heise, and Steven E. Miller, eds. Europe and naval arms
control in the Gorbachev era. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. 341
p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL JX1974.7 .E85 1992
Gardiner, Robert and Norman Friedman, eds. Navies in the nuclear age: warships
since 1945. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1993. (Conway's history of the
ship). 224 p.
Originally published: London: Conway Maritime Press, 1993.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE VM317 .N38 1993
Great Britain. Defence Radiological Protection Service. Marine environmental

radioactivity surveys at nuclear submarine berths in the UK, 1988. London:
H.M.S.O., 1989. 112 p.
Great Britain. Working Group on Marine Reactor Research. Nuclear power for ship
propulsion; report. London, H.M. Stationery Off., 1964. (Papers by command,
comnd. 2358). 21 p.
Hori, Motoyoshi. Mei Su hai di zhan lue: Riben hai shang di Mei Su qian ting zhan.
Xianggang: Tian di tu shu gong si, 1978. 185 p.
Chinese translation of Nihonkai kyofu no sensuikan senso
________. Sensuikan. 1980. 409 p.
________, Kensuke Ebata and Kesaharu Imai. Nihonkai kyofu no sensuikan senso.
1976. 262 p.
Ladonchamps, Jean de et Jean Jacques Verdeau. Propulsion nucléaire. Paris (15e),

Centre d'édition et de documentation de l'E.N.S.T.A., 32 Brd Victor, 1970-. v.
Incomplete contents: 1. Théorie du réacteur. -- 2. Technologie des réacteurs à eau
pressurisée. -- 3. Applications à la propulsion navale.
________ and ________. Réacteurs nucléaires à eau pressurisée, théorie,

technologie et applications à la propulsion navale. Paris, Masson et Cie, 1972.
230 p.
LeSage, L. G. and A.A. Sarkisov, eds. Nuclear submarine decommissioning and

related problems. (Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems, Moscow, Russia, June 19-
22, 1995). Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer, c1996. (NATO ASI series. Partnership sub-series
1, Disarmament technologies; 8). 343 p.
________ and ________, eds.. Remaining issues in the decommissioning of

nuclear powered vessels. (Proceedings of the NATO/Russian Advanced Research
Workshop on Scientific Problems and Unresolved Issues Remaining in the
162
Decommissioning of Nuclear Powered Vessels and in the Environmental Remediation
of Their Supporting Infrastructure: Moscow, Russia, April 22-24, 2002). Boston, MA:
Kluwer Academic, 2003. (NATO science series. 4, Earth and environmental sciences;
v. 22). 420 p.
Lewis, John Wilson and Xue Litai. China's strategic seapower: the politics of force
modernization in the nuclear age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, c1994.
(Studies in international security and arms control. 393 p.
Miyake, Yasuo. Kakuheiki to hoshano. 1969. 206 p.
Moore, Richard. The Royal Navy and nuclear weapons. London; Portland, OR:
Frank Cass, 2001. 243 p.
The Nuclear duel: Strategic bombers, nuclear submarines, missiles, and

manpower. New York: Arco, 1985, c1983. (War today--East vs. West). 66 p.
Newhouse, John. War and peace in the nuclear age. 1st ed. New York: Knopf:
Distributed by Random House, 1989, c1988. 486 p.
Accompanies the PBS series War and peace in the nuclear age.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL U263 .N48 1989
Peng, Ziqiang. Qi jing shen long: Zhongguo he qian ting ji shi. Di 1 ban. Beijing Shi:
Zhong gong zhong yang dang xiao chu ban she: Xin hua shu dian jing xiao, 1995 (1996
printing). (Zhongguo guo fang ke ji bao gao wen xue cong shu). 436 p.
Pocock, Rowland F. Nuclear ship propulsion. London, Allan, 1970. 176 p.
Polmar, Norman and Kenneth J. Moore. Cold War submarines: U.S. and Soviet
design and construction. 1st ed. Washington, DC: Brassey's, c2003. 407 p.
Contents: Genesis -- Advanced diesel submarines -- Closed-cycle submarines -- U.S.
Nuclear-propelled submarines -- Soviet nuclear-propelled submarines -- Cruise missile
submarines -- Ballistic missile submarines -- "Polaris-from out of the deep..." -- The
quest for speed -- Second-generation nuclear submarines -- The ultimate weapon I --
The ultimate weapon II -- "Diesel boats forever" -- Unbuilt giants -- Aircraft-carrying
submarines -- Midget, small, and flying submarines -- Third-generation nuclear
submarines -- Submarine weapons -- Fourth-generation nuclear submarines -- Soviet
versus U.S. submarines -- U.S. submarine construction, 1945-1991 -- Soviet submarine
construction, 1945-1991 -- U.S. submarine reactor plants -- Soviet submarine design
bureaus -- Soviet ballistic missile systems.
Reynolds, Guy B. The nuclear-armed Tomahawk Cruise Missile: its potential utility
on United States and United Kingdom attack submarines. Monterey, CA: Naval
Service, 1998. (ADA359545). 70 p.
163
Abstract: In July 1998, Britain published its Strategic Defense Review(SDR). The SDR outlined
significant changes for Britain's nuclear weapons program and formalized the policy of sub-strategic
deterrence using the Trident missile. It is unprecedented for a nuclear power to haveconsolidated its
strategic and sub- strategic nuclear forces into a single system. The benefits offered by the British choice
might be enjoyed for only a short time. The British have slashed their nuclear forces and eliminated the
range of options previously available to their national command authority. Dependence on a single
delivery system could result in the inability to respond to crises, to act autonomously, or to negotiate
effectively with other nuclear weapon states. This thesis analyzes the benefits that nuclear Tomahawk
could provide the British. Since the United States owns the system, the future of the nuclear Tomahawk in
the American arsenal is crucial to any British decision to adopt it or a similar system. An unmanned
nuclear cruise missile weapon offers many advantages in today's security environment. The United
States should retain nuclear Tomahawk and Britain, with its mature maritime force, should consider
acquiring a similar capability. The elimination of nuclear Tomahawk from the U.S. arsenal would be a
mistake.
Electronic access: http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/98Dec_Reynolds.pdf
Ring, Jim. We come unseen: the story of Britain's Cold War submariners. London:
John Murray, 2001. 270 p.
Rohwer, Jürgen. 66 [i.e. Sechsundsechzig] Tage unter Wasser; Atom-U-Schiffe

und Raketen. Oldenburg, G. Stalling [1964? c1962]. 88 p.
Sarkisov, Ashot Arakelovich and Alain Tournyol Du Clos, eds. Analysis of risks
associated with nuclear submarine decommissioning, dismantling, and disposal.
Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer, 1999. (NATO ASI series. Partnership sub-series 1,
Disarmament technologies; 16). 443 p.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Analysis of Risks
Associated with Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantling, a nd Disposal,
Moscow, Russia, November 24-26, 1997.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V857.5 .A53 1999
Schomaekers, Gunter. U-Boote auf allen Weltmeeren: Fahrten uber u. unter Wasser,
Atom-U-Boote heute. Wels; Munchen: Verl. Welsermuhl, c1978. 218 p.
Shambroom, Paul. Face to face with the bomb: nuclear reality after the Cold War.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. (Creating the North American
landscape). 121 p.
Contents: Bombers -- Intercontinental ballistic missiles -- Submarines -- Command,
control, and communications (c3) -- The 21st century.
Shakai Shinposha. Henshubu. Sasebo, 1968-nen 5-gatsu: genshiryoku sensuikan

hoshano osen no kyofu. 46 p.
Solmi, Angelo. Il mistero dei sottomarini atomici. 1a ed. Milano: A. Mondadori, 1981.
177 p.
164
Tsipis, Kosta, Anne H. Cahn [and] Bernard T. Feld, eds. The Future of the sea-based
deterrent. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, [1973]. 266 p.
Papers of a symposium held in Racine, Wis., Nov. 1972 organized by the Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
under the sponsorship of the Johnson Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V993 .F9
Tsukudo, Tatsuo. Genshiryoku sensuikan. [1979]. (Jiji mondai kaisetsu; 238). 181 p.
Weiss, Stephanie. Nuclear reactors on ships; a bibliography. [Santa Monica, Calif.,

Rand Corp.], 1969. (P-4077). 47 p.
Whitestone, Nicholas. The submarine: the ultimate weapon. London, Davis-Poynter,

1973. 146 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V210 .W53
________. U-Boote: Superwaffe der Zukunft? [übersetzt von Karl-Friedrich Merten].

München: J.F. Lehmanns, c1975. 158 p.
English translation of: The submarine: the ultimate weapon
Yomiuri Shinbunsha. Genshiryoku sensuikan: senryaku kogeki gensen no zenbo.

Tokyo: Yomiuri Shinbunsha, Showa 60 [1985]. (Heiki saisentan; 2). 204 p.
SUBMARINES -- GENERAL -- WWI
Abbot, Willis J. Aircraft and submarines, the story of the invention, development,
and present-day uses of war's newest weapons. New York & London, G. P. Putnam's
sons, 1918. 388 p.
Blanchon, Georges. Les sous-marins et la guerre actuelle. Paris: Bloud et Gay, 1915.
(Pages actuelles; 1914-1915 no. 20). 38 p.
Dommett, William Erskine. Submarine vessels: including mines, torpedoes, guns,

steering, propelling, and navigating apparatus, and with notes on submarine
offensive and defensive tactics, and exploits in the present war. London; New York:
Whittaker & Co., 1915. 106 p.
Domville-Fife, Charles William. Submarines of the world's navies. London: F. Griffiths;

Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott co., 1911. 150 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VM365 .D6
________. Submarines, mines and torpedoes in the war. London; New York: Hodder
& Stoughton, 1914. 192 p.
________. Submarines and sea power. New York: Macmillan Co., [1919?]. 250 p.
165
Originally published: London: G. Bell & Sons, Ltd., 1919.
Gayer, Albert. General survey of the history of the submarine warfare in all theaters
of war, 1914-1918. Newport, RI: Naval War College, 1930. 36 l.
Gill, C. C. Naval power in the war (1914-1918) [Lectures delivered at the United States
Naval Academy in the winter of 1915-16 to midshipmen]. New York, George H. Doran
company, [c1919]. 302 p.
Groeling, Dorothy Trautwein. Submarines, disarmament and modern warfare. [New

York], 1935. 199 l.
Thesis (Ph.D.), Columbia University, 1935.
Wilson, Michael and Paul Kemp. Mediterranean submarines. Wilmslow: Crecy, 1997.
219 p.
Woodbury, David Oakes. What the citizen should know about submarine warfare.
New York, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. [1942]. 231 p.
SUBMARINES -- GENERAL -- WWII
Alden, John Doughty, comp. United States and Allied submarine successes in the
Pacific and Far East during World War II: chronological listing. Pleasantville, NY:
[s.n.], 1999. 1 v.
Bagnasco, Erminio. I sommergibili della seconda guerra mondiale. Parma: E.

Albertelli, 1973. (Documentari della storia e della tecnica). 335 p.
________. Submarines of World War Two. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press,
c1977. 256 p.
English translation of I sommergibili della seconda guerra mondiale.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE V857 .B25
________. Submarines of World War Two. London: Cassell & Co.; New York:
Distributed in the USA by Sterling Pub., 2000. 256 p.
________. Uboote im 2. [Zweiten] Weltkrieg: [Technik - Klassen - Typen; eine

umfassende Enzyklopädie] [Die Übertr. ins Dt. besorgte: Wolfram Schürer]. 1. Aufl.
Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verl., 1988. 294 p.
German translation of Submarines of World War Two.
________ and Achille Rastelli. Sommergibili in guerra: centosettantadue battelli

italiani nel secondo conflitto mondiale. [Italy]: Albertelli, c1989. 263 p.
166
Cairns, Lynne. Fremantle's secret fleets: Allied submarines based in Western
Australia during World War II. Fremantle, W.A.: Western Australian Maritime Museum,
c1995. ( Maritime history series; no. 1). 87 p.
Castex, Raoul. Synthese de la guerre sous-marine; de Pontchartrain a Tirpitz.

Paris, A. Challamel, 1920. 228 p.
Cope, Harley Francis and Walter Karig. Battle submerged; submarine fighters of
World War II. [1st ed.]. New York, Norton, [1951]. 244 p.
Dingman, Roger. Ghost of war: the sinking of the Awa Maru and Japanese-
American relations, 1945-1995. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1997. 373 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D777.5.A92 D56 1997
Icenhower, Joseph Bryan, comp. Submarines in combat. New York, F. Watts, [1964].
(The Watts seapower library). 180 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D780 .I2
Kemp, Paul. Friend or foe: friendly fire at sea 1939-1945. London: Leo Cooper,
1995. 198 p.
Krug, Hans-Joachim et al. Reluctant allies: German-Japanese naval relations in

World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2001. 456 p.
Laurens, A. Le blocus et la guerre sous-marine, 1914-1918. Paris: Librairie Armand

Colin, 1924. 217 p.
Manson, Janet M. Diplomatic ramifications of unrestricted submarine warfare, 1939-

1941. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990. (Contributions in military studies; no. 104).
215 p.
Padfield, Peter. War beneath the sea: submarine conflict during World War II. New
York: John Wiley, [1998]. 560 p.
Originally published: London: John Murray, 1995 as War beneath the sea. submarine
conflict, 1939-45.
Padoan, Gianni. La fossa della morte: gli U-Boote in guerra nell'Atlantico. Bologna:
Capitol, 1977. 228 p.
Pearsall, G. H. The Effects of World War II Submarine Campaigns of Germany and

the United States; A Comparative Analysis. Newport, RI: Naval War College;
Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, , 1994. 43 p.
Abstract: The effectiveness of the German and United States submarine campaigns during World War II is
compared by analyzing the genesis of each campaign, the commitment to each and the effort to overcome
the losses imposed by submarine warfare. This comparison highlights one aspect of the strategic and
operational consequences of conflict with an adversary able to build and maintain a superior industrial base
167
in support of the military effort. This analysis places primary focus on German U-boat efforts in the Battle of
the Atlantic and the U.S. submarine efforts in the Western Pacific. Ultimately, the overriding factor in the
outcomes of both campaigns was the ability of the United States to produce more ships than the Germans
could sink, to build more submarines than the Japanese could sink, and to sink more Japanese ships than
the Japanese could build. As a result, the United States was able to sustain its total military effort against
Germany; Japan was not able to sustain its efforts in the Pacific.
Pegolotti, Beppe. Uomini contro navi. [Firenze] Vallecchi, [1959]. 266 p.
Peillard, Léonce. Histoire générale de la guerre sous-marine, (1939-1945). Paris, R.

Laffont: 1970. 451 p.
________. Histoire générale de la guerre sous-marine, 1939-1945. Genève, Edito-

service: [Evreux], [diffusion le Cercle du bibliophile][1973]. 442 p.
Poolman, Kenneth. Allied submarines of World War Two. London: Arms & Armour;
New York: Distributed in the USA by Sterling Pub. Co., 1990. 160 p.
Robertson, Terence J., Jerauld Wright and N.L.A. Jewell. The ship with two captains.
E.P. Dutton, 1957. 256 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D772.S4 R6
Rohwer, Jürgen. Allied submarine attacks of World War Two: European theatre of
operations, 1939-1945. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1997. 252 p.
Companion volume to Rohwer's Axis submarine successes, 1939-1945.
Originally published: London: Greenhill Books, 1997.
________. Axis submarine successes, 1939-1945. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute

Press, c1983. 386 p.
Originally published: Cambridge, [Cambridgeshire]: Patrick Stephens, c1983.
English translation of Die U-Boot-Erfolge der Achsenmachte, 1939-1945, München, J. F.
Lehmann, [1968].
________. Axis submarine successes of World War Two: German, Italian and
Japanese submarine successes, 1939-1945. London: Greenhill; Annapolis, MD: Naval
Companion volume to Rohwer's Allied submarine attacks of World War Two: European
theatre of operations, 1939-1945.
________. Die U-Boot-Erfolge der Achsenmachte, 1939-1945. (Bibliothek fur

Zeitgeschichte Bd. 1). München, J. F. Lehmann, [1968]. 376 p.
Tennent, Alan J. British and Commonwealth merchant ship losses to axis

submarines, 1939-1945. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Pub., 2001. 326 p.
168
United States. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. German, Japanese, and Italian
submarine losses. World War II. Washington, DC: The Office, 1946. (OPNAV-P33-100
NEW 5-46). 28 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D780 .U55 1946
Van der Vat, Dan. The Atlantic campaign: the great struggle at sea 1939-1945.
Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2001. 576 p.
________. The Pacific campaign: World War II, the U.S.-Japanese naval war,
1941-1945. New York: Simon & Schuster, c1991. 430 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D767.9 .V36 1991
Whitehouse, Arthur George Joseph. Subs and submariners. London: F. Muller, 1963,
c1961. 416 p.
Originally published: Garden City, NY, Doubleday, 1961.
Wilson, Michael. A Submariners' War: The Indian Ocean 1939-45. Gloucestershire:

Tempus; Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2000. 192 p.
SUBMARINES -- AMERICAN – GENERAL
Alden, John Doughty. The fleet submarine in the U.S. Navy: a design and
construction history. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1979. 290 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V858 .A48
________. The fleet submarine in the U.S. Navy: a design and construction history.
Shrewsbury: Airlife, 1989. 285 p.
Barrows, Nathaniel A. Blow all ballast! The story of the Squalus. New York, Dodd,
Mead & Company, 1940. 298 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY VA65.S7 B2
Beach, Edward Latimer. Around the world submerged: the voyage of the Triton.
New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, [1962]. 293 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA65.T48 B3
________. Around the world submerged: the voyage of the Triton. Annapolis,
MD:Naval Institute Press, [2001]. (Bluejacket books). 336 p.
Beckman, Philip J. Scheduling attack submarine deployments. Monterey, CA: Naval

Service, 1997. (ADA331771). 47 p.
169
Abstract: The Navy's peacetime mission is "to conduct forward presence operations to help shape the
strategic environment by deterring conflict, building interoperability, and by responding, as necessary, to fast
breaking crises with the demonstration and application of credible combat power." (OPNAV INSTRUCTION
3501.316, February 1995) The ability to carry out this mission hinges on the Navy's ability to maintain ships
and submarines forward deployed in regions where such crises may occur. The end of the Cold War and
current budget constraints have caused a drawdown in the number of ships and submarines with which to
provide forward presence. Coupled with the continued requirement to maintain a certain level of forward
presence, this drawdown creates shortfalls when attempting to deploy ships or submarines to fill certain
mission requirements. To minimize these shortfalls, this thesis formulates the problem of scheduling attack
submarine deployments as an integer program. Due to its size and complexity, heuristic algorithms are
developed to provide near-optimal solutions in a reasonable amount of time. In addition to providing near-
optimal deployment schedules, results from the algorithms are also useful in evaluating changes in
maintenance and operational policies.
Bentley, John. The Thresher disaster; the most tragic dive in submarine history. [1st
ed.] Garden City, NY, Doubleday, 1974. 372 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA65.T7 B44
Birkler, John L. et al. The U.S. submarine production base: an analysis of cost,
schedule, and risk for selected force structures. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1994.
(MR-456-OSD);(ADA285646). 203 p.
________. The U.S. submarine production base: an analysis of cost, schedule,

and risk for selected force structures: executive summary. Santa Monica, CA:
Rand, 1994. (MR-456/1-OSD);(ADA288636). 27 p.
Blair, Clay. The atomic submarine and Admiral Rickover. [1st ed.]. New York: Holt,
[c1954]. 277 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY VA65.N3 B6
Cable, Frank T. The birth and development of the American submarine. NY; Lond.:
Harper, 1924. 337 p.
Callahan, Vincent Francis et al, eds. Underwater defense handbook. [2d ed.]
Washington, Callahan Publications, 1963. 138 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V396.3 .C3
Calvert, James. Surface at the Pole; the extraordinary voyages of the USS Skate.
[1st ed.]. New York, McGraw-Hill, [1960]. 220 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA65.S6 C2
Christley, J. L. United States Naval submarine force information book. Marblehead,

MA: Graphic Enterprises of Marblehead, c2000. 196 p.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE V858 .C47 2000
170
Clark, James I. Steel coffin at forty fathoms. Milwaukee: Raintree Publishers, c1980.
47 p.
The Squalus rescue.
Colby, C. B. Submarine: men and ships of the U. S. submarine fleet. New York:
Coward-McCann, c1953. 48 p.
________. Submarine warfare; men, weapons, and ships. New York, Coward-
McCann, [1967]. 48 p.
Cote, Owen. Mobile targets from under the sea: new submarine missions in the
new security environment.
[Cambridge, MA]: MIT Security Studies Program, [1999]. 72 p.
Electronic access: http://web.mit.edu/ssp/Publications/confseries/mobtarg.pdf
________. Precision strike from the sea: new missions for a new Navy. Cambridge,
MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. 44 p.
Electronic access: http://web.mit.edu/ssp/
Craven, John P. “Ocean technology and submarine warfare,” IN Institute for Strategic
Studies (London, England) The implications of military technology in the 1970s. New
York: Institute for Strategic Studies, c1968, 38-46; (Adelphi papers; 46 (March 1968)).
________. The silent war: the Cold War battle beneath the sea. New York; London:
Simon & Schuster, c2001. 304 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V63.C7 A3 2001
Cross, Wilbur. Challengers of the deep; the story of submarines. New York, W.
Sloane Associates, 1959. 258 p.
________. The encyclopedia of American submarines. New York: Facts on File,

2002. 304 p.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE V858 .C76 2003
Friedman, Norman. U.S. submarines since 1945: an illustrated design history.

NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY V858 .F75 1994
________. U.S. submarines through 1945: an illustrated design history. Annapolis,

NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY V858 .F75 1995
171
Genat, Robert and Robin Genat. Modern U.S. Navy submarines. Osceola, WI, USA:
Motorbooks International, 1997. (Enthusiast color series). 96 p.
Gordon, Robert B. Working for Admiral Rickover: memoir. Washington, DC: Naval
Historical Foundation Memoir program, 2000. (Memoir -- Naval Historical Foundation).
17 l.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY CT18.I52 G67 2000
Hastings, Scott A. An Assessment of Future United States Naval Force Structure in

the Pacific Theater. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Army Command and General Staff College;
Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1994. 178 p.
Master's thesis.
Abstract: The naval force structure proposed by the 1993 Department of Defense 'Bottom Up Review' was
analyzed in terms of three force planning cases built around illustrative scenarios using representative
depictions of future threats. Each case included: regional analysis in terms of mission, forces, area, and
command and control; development of military requirements; and comparison of requirements and
capabilities, identification of shortfalls, and characterization of risk. A notional U.S. carrier battle group and
air wing for the year 2000 were examined in scenarios involving a conventional global war with a
reconstituted Russia, a major regional contingency on the Korean peninsula, and a lesser regional
contingency involving a freedom of navigation dispute with Indonesia. The scenarios represent different
levels from the spectrum of conflict. The future naval force was found insufficient to ensure victory in global
conventional war, the scenario which involved the greatest risk to U.S. interests. The future force, optimized
for blue-water operations, was also shown seriously deficient in countering mines and diesel submarines,
another threat which entailed the potential for damage to U.S. interests.
Hinkle, David, ed. United States submarines. Southport, CT: Hugh Lauter Levin;
Lancaster: Gazelle, 2002. 352 p.
Published in association with the Naval Submarine League.
NPS/DKL Location: FOLIO V858 .U55 2002
Howes, Brian T. Determining the Future of the US Submarine Force. Monterey,

Abstract: The end of the Cold War has been the watershed event for changes in the international and
national security environments that present tremendous implications for the US submarine force. These
changes include calls for significant US defense cuts to reap a peace dividend, the increasing importance
of economics as a determinant of defense spending, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union resulting
in the absence of a clear tangible global threat to US national interests. What has resulted from these
chances is the formulation of a new US national security strategy that focuses on regional contingencies,
and the decision to cut US defense forces by at least 25% over five years including the cancellation of the
Seawolf submarine program. This thesis addresses the implications of these tremendous changes on the
US submarine force. Specifically, issues that are addressed include roles and missions, force structure,
submarine design, and changing the institutional mindset of the submarine community. The issue of roles
and missions involves demonstrating the applicability of the submarine to regional warfare. The issue of
submarine force structure deals with both the short term and long term factors affecting submarine force
reductions and ultimate submarine force size. The issue of submarine design addresses concerns over
the submarine industrial base, the Centurion program, and design requirements for a regional warfighting
submarine.
172
Hyatt, A. M. J., ed. Dreadnought to Polaris: maritime strategy since Mahan: papers
from the Conference on Strategic Studies at the University of Western Ontario,
March 1972. Toronto: Copp Clark Pub. Co.; Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1973.
125 p.
Jorgensen, Eric J., Joseph J. Fuller, Samuel C. Rainey and Theodore J. Post.
Potential Benefits to Navy Training Programs Resulting from Increased Use of
Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals. Phase 1. Initial Evaluation of IETM
Applicability to Schoolhouse and Worksite Training Functions: Interim report
Mar-Oct 1995. Bethesda, MD: Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division,
1995. (ADA309992; NSWCCARDIV-TR-96/016). 118 p.
Abstract: This report summarizes Phase I of a study entitled Training Benefit Analysis of the
Accelerated Use of Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETM's). An initial evaluation of the
interactive, computer controlled display of technical information has been carried out by the Navy training
community. Results indicate the use of IETM's, integrated with automated courseware, could significantly
improve training processes. Forty-seven candidate projects covering surface, air and submarine warfare
areas were identified. Fifteen IETM hypotheses and associated implementation scenarios were
evaluated. Of these, twelve were supported by more than two-thirds of the participants in this study.
Candidate projects were identified for business-case-analyses to be performed in Phase II. This report
also identifies technical and administrative issues which must be addressed before the full potential of
IETM's can be realized. Measures needed for greater integration, infrastructure support and
standardization of IETM's in training are recommended. Phase II of the study will consist of a more
detailed analysis of the selected candidate projects, particularly from the standpoint of return on
investment. This will provide the Chief of Naval Operations with the basis for training input to the Program
Objective Memorandum (POM) '98 preparation process.
Kaufman, Steve and Yogi Kaufman. Silent chase: submarines of the U.S. Navy.
Charlottesville, VA: Thomasson-Grant, c1989. 160 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FOLIO V858 .K38 1989
________ and ________. Silent chase: submarines of the U.S. Navy. Shrewsbury,
England: Airlife, 1989. 160 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FOLIO V858 .K38 1989
Kuenne, Robert E. The attack submarine; a study in strategy. New Haven, Yale
University Press, 1965. 215 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V210 .K9
Largess, Robert P. and James L. Mandelblatt. U.S.S. Albacore: forerunner of the

future. Portsmouth, NH: P.E. Randall, c1999. (Publication (Portsmouth Marine Society)
25). 189 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY VA65.A25 L37 1999
173
Leary, William M. Under ice: Waldo Lyon and the development of the Arctic
submarine. 1st ed. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, c1999. (Texas A & M
University military history series; 62). 303 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V857.5 .L43 1999
Lockwood, Charles A. Down to the sea in subs: my life in the U.S. Navy. [1st ed.].
New York: Norton, [1967]. 376 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL CT12.O23 A2
Maas, Peter. The rescuer. London, Collins, 1968. 256 p.

Originally published: New York: Harper & Row [1967]
________. The terrible hours: the man behind the greatest submarine rescue in
history. 1st ed. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, c1999. 259 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA65.S68 M33 1999
Mielcarz, Diane C. Submarines - Who Needs Em? Newport, RI: Naval War College;
Abstract: The current military/political climate of budget cuts, downsizing, the demise of the Soviet Union,
and the establishment of a new world order has forced all services to reexamine and justify their existence.
I will specifically examine what U.S. submarine has to offer in the defense of America in relation to the
National Military Strategy, to include deterrence, forward presence, crisis response and reconstitution;
enduring characteristics which include stealth, endurance and agility; critical roles such as peacetime
engagement, surveillance, deterrence, regional sea denial, precision strike, task group support, ground
warfare support and battlespace dominance; and contributions that the submarine can make to the post-
Cold War era. While there is no possible way to predict where or when the next conflict will occur, the
submarine possesses valuable attributes which can be successfully utilized at the operational level to
enhance the mission and achieve success.
Merrill, John and Lionel D. Wyld. Meeting the submarine challenge: a short history of
the Naval Underwater Systems Center. 1st ed. [Washington, DC: Dept. of the Navy,
1997]. 372 p.
Moss, Lee O. Operational Employment of Fast Attack Submarines in Littoral

warfare-A Force Multiplier or a Force. Newport, RI: Naval War College; Available from
National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1996. 22 p.
Abstract: With the Navy's shift in focus from blue water operations to littoral warfare, significant effort has
been expended toward developing operational concepts that optimize the employment of naval forces, with
the emphasis being placed on the Naval Expeditionary Task Force (Carrier Battle group and Amphibious
Ready Group). Submarines play a key role in tactical operations within the battle group, but also have the
potential to have a significant impact on the operational level of war, if properly utilized by the theater CINC.
In order to get the most out of the submarine force, the CINC must balance operational tasks with the
tactical needs of the CJTF. If the CINC allows the CJTF to control the SSNs to conduct littoral warfare
tasks, he is forfeiting some of his operational flexibility. By viewing the JTF as a unit operating at the
operational/tactical level, the CINC can better focus on tasks that need to be accomplished at the
operational level. Employment of SSNs at this level of warfare can fill the gap that has been left by the
Navy's concentration on littoral warfare. Emphasis on the development of doctrine for littoral warfare need
174
to focus on the value of the SSN at all levels of warfare. Proper integration at all levels will result in
maximum flexibility and will restore blue water Navy capabilities to the theater commander.
Navy times. They fought under the sea; the saga of the submarine [compiled by the
editors of Navy times]. Harrisburg, PA, Stackpole Co., [1962]. 184 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V210 .N3
Norris, David Thomas. Strategic planning, Polaris, and Tomahawk: technological

imperative hypotheses. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School; Available from
National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1987. (ADA193027). 126 p.
Abstract: This thesis examines the force procurement element of the military strategic planning process
and is comprised of two parts. First, models are constructed to depict ideal strategic planning. The initial
step in each model is the formulation of the national interest. The national interest is defined in terms useful
to strategic planners by creating a unique paradigm based on the Constitution. The technological imperative
hypothesis is explored as an aberration to the ideal strategic planning process. Second, the technological
imperative hypothesis is tested with case studies of the Polaris and the Tomahawk. Even though the
hypothesis was disproved in each case, the case studies yielded useful relationships between technology,
strategy, and doctrine.
Polmar, Norman. The American submarine. Annapolis, MD: Nautical & Aviation Pub.
Co. of America, c1981. 172 p.
________. The American submarine. 2nd ed. Annapolis, MD: Nautical & Aviation
Pub. Co. of America, c1983. 171 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V858 .P59 1983
________. Atomic submarines. Princeton, NJ, Van Nostrand, [1963]. 286 p.

________. Death of the Thresher. [1st ed.]. Philadelphia, Chilton Books, [1964]. 148
p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA65.T7 P7
________ and Thomas B. Allen. Rickover. New York: Simon & Schuster, c1982. 744 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL CT18.I52 P64 1982
Poluhowich, John. Argonaut: the submarine legacy of Simon Lake. College Station:
Texas A&M University Press, c1999. West Texas A&M University series; no. 4). 181 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VM1 .L25 P65 1999
Rees, Edwin. The seas and the subs. [1st ed.]. New York, Duell, Sloan & Pearce,
[1961]. 233 p.
175
Rodengen, Jeffrey L. Serving the silent service: the legend of Electric Boat. Fort
Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff Syndicate, c1994. 176 p.
NPS/DKL Location: ON-ORDER
Sakitt, Mark. Submarine warfare in the Arctic: option or illusion? Stanford, CA:
Stanford University, International Strategic Institute at Stanford, 1988. 93 p.
"An Occasional Paper of the Center for International Security and Arms Control."
Smith, Carole J. Small Fleet -- Big Risk. Newport, RI: Naval War College; Available
from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1995. 21 p.
Abstract: In any future conflict, the U.S. Navy will most likely enjoy a significant technological and
numerical superiority over its adversary. A relatively small navy may, however, avoid decisive battle and
influence events at sea indefinitely. Naval strategists have coined the terms fleet in being, fortress fleet, and
risk fleet to describe strategies designed to use inferior forces to an advantage. Through an examination of
these strategies as analyzed by both Alfred Thayer Mahan and Julian Corbett and study of historical
examples of each, the relevance of these strategies to current naval thought can be determined. While
fortress fleet and risk fleet have very limited value today, a diesel submarine fleet in being poses a
significant threat that must be addressed in future U.S. naval strategy.
Snider, Don M., ed. Attack submarines in the post-Cold War era: the issues facing
policymakers. [Washington, DC]: Center for Strategic & International Studies, c1993.
19 p.
Sontag, Sherry and Christopher Drew. Blind man's bluff: the untold story of
American submarine espionage. New York: Public Affairs, c1998. 352 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY VB231.U54 S65 1998
________ and ________. Blind man's bluff: the untold story of American submarine
espionage. Thorndike, ME: Thorndike Press, 1999. 728 p.
Originally published: New York: Public Affairs, 1998.
________ and ________. Jagd unter Wasser: Die wahre Geschichte der U-Boot-
Spionage. München: Goldmann, 2001. 542 p.
German translation of Blind man's bluff.
Soto, Alberto A. The Flaming Datum problem with varying speed. Monterey, CA:
Abstract: The problem of detecting an enemy submarine whose possible position was revealed by the hit
of a torpedo is known as the "Flaming Datum" problem. All previous studies devoted to this theme make
unrealistic assumptions about the speed of the escaping target when dealing with a diesel-electric
submarine. In this kind of submarine the constraint imposed by the remaining charge of its batteries
determines that its behavior is essentially conservative in how fast it should escape. The objective of this
thesis is to explore the idea of varying speed in the flaming datum problem. Two different approaches are
considered. An analytical model is developed based on the relationship among some of the physical factors
176
that could determine or constrain the behavior of a diesel submarine while escaping from the area of the
flaming datum. The second approach considers a discrete event simulation using the Java-based Simkit
package. Data analysis is used to determine a possible fit for the simulation results. Several tactics are
explored to determine their effects on detection probability.
Stambler, Irwin. The battle for inner space; undersea warfare and weapons. New
York, St. Martin's Press, [1962]. 259 p.
Steele, George P. Seadragon: Northwest under the ice. [1st ed.]. New York, Dutton,
1962. 255 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA65.S43 S7
Stern, Robert Cecil. U.S. subs in action. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal

Publications, c1979. (Warships; no. 2). 45 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D783 .S73 1979
Stumpf, David K. Regulus, the forgotten weapon: a complete guide to Chance

Vought's Regulus I and II. Paducah, KY: Turner Pub. Co., c1996. 192 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL UG1312.C7 S78 1996
Terzibaschitsch, Stefan. Submarines of the US Navy [translated by M.J. Shields].

London: Arms & Armour Press; New York: Distributed in the USA by Sterling, c1991. 214
p.
English translation of U-Boote der US Navy.
________. U-Boote der US Navy. Herford: Koehler, 1990. 214 p.

German translation of Submarines of the US Navy.
Thompson, Roger. Brown Shoes, Black Shoes, and Felt Slippers: Parochialism and
the Evolution of the Post-War U.S. Navy. Newport, RI: Naval War College; Available
from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1995. 70 p.
Abstract: This report examines how intra-service parochialism has affected the United States Navy since
the end of the Second World War. It traces the development of naval bureaucratic dominance from the
prewar battleship admirals, through the rise of naval aviators to the eventual dominance by nuclear
submariners. The author posits that the Navy may now have entered a new era once again dominated by
surface warfare officers and wonders what the consequences of this change may be. The study argues for
balance and urges naval leadership to rise above the natural tendency to square the past by primarily
promoting the interests of the dominant warfare group.
Tritten, James John. The submarine's role in future naval warfare. Monterey, CA:
Information Service, [1992]. (NPS-NS-92-010; ADA252808). 43 p.
Abstract: The three basic elements where we traditionally commence strategic planning have changed
dramatically in the past two years. A new national security strategy recasts the roles and missions of the
177
armed forces in new terms. The submarine force needs to be justified under the new grammar for warfare
as a part of the four new mission areas under the new national military strategy. The submarine force alone
can perform the strategic deterrence and defense missions. The submarine's role in presence involves a
high/low mix choice. There should be increased emphasis on the submarine force for crisis response: (1)
rapid response (2) shore bombardment and strike (3) as the initial leading maritime component for second
major regional contingencies, and (4) initial and limited sea control. A European regional war evolving out of
a major regional contingency is not the same thing as the old European-centered global war with the USSR.
Decreased emphasis should be placed on strategic anti-submarine warfare. Reconstitution goals could be
met with at-sea nuclear weapons.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 208.14/2:NPS-NS-92-010
United States. Defense Science Board. Task Force on Submarine of the Future. Report
of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Submarine of the Future. Washington,
DC: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition & Technology, 1998. 46 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V857 .R46 1998
United States. General Accounting Office. Navy acquisitions: improved littoral war-
fighting capabilities needed: report to the Chairman and ranking minority
member, Subcommittee on Military Research and Development, Committee on
Armed Services, House. of Representatives. Washington, DC: The Office, [2001].
(GAO-01-493). 32 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS GA 1.13:01-493
Electronic access: http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS12498
United States. Naval History Division. The submarine in the United States Navy.
Washington [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.], 1960. 30 p.
________. The submarine in the United States Navy. 2d ed. Washington [For sale by
the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.], 19639. 20 p.
________. The submarine in the United States Navy. 3d ed. Washington [For sale by
the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.], 1969. 24 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V858 .U3
United States. Naval Torpedo Station, Keyport, Wash. Undersea warfare fleet support.
Keyport, WA: Dept. of Defense, Dept. of the Navy, Naval Torpedo Station; Washington:
for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., [1976?]. 25 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA68.K4 U6
United States. Navy. Atlantic Fleet. Submarine Force. United States Ship Thresher
(SSN 593): in memoriam, April 10, 1963. [New York?, 1964]. 146 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA65.T7 T5
United States. Navy. Pacific Fleet. Submarine Force. Submarine search and rescue
plan. [Vallejo, CA, 1955]. (ComSubGru SFran; no. 1-55). 1 v.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VK1265 .U6
178
Watson, Kenneth M. and Victor C. Anderson. The Marine Physical Laboratory Multi-
Disciplinary Ocean Science and Technology Program. La Jolla, CA: Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1989. (ADA220008, MPL-U-27/89). 35 p.
Abstract: This report contains summaries of the research performed at the Marine Physical Laboratory.
Brief descriptions of the research and bibliographies of the publications resulting therefrom are included.
The general areas of our research include: Ocean Environmental Acoustics, Marine Physics, Marine
Geophysics, Signal Processing, Ocean Technology, Platform Development and Support, and Technical
Assistance and Technology Transfer.
Weir, Gary E. Building American submarines, 1914-1940. Washington, DC: Naval

Historical Center, 1991. 166 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V858 .W45 1991
________. Forged in war: the naval-industrial complex and American submarine

construction, 1940-1961. Washington: Naval Historical Center, Dept. of the Navy: For
sale by U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., 1993. 314 p.
Williams, Marion D. Submarines under Ice: The U.S. Navy's Polar Operations.
Zierke, William C. and D. A. Boger, eds. A physics-based means of computing the

flow around a maneuvering underwater vehicle. State College, Pa.: Pennsylvania
State University, Applied Research Laboratory, [1997]. (TR 97-002). 276 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL QA911 .P49 1997
SUBMARINES -- AMERICAN -- KOREAN WAR
Billy, Gregory M. An Operational Analysis of United States Submarine Employment

in the Korean War. Newport, RI: Naval War College; Available from National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1994. 29 p.
Abstract: United States submarine operations during the Korean War are critically analyzed from an
operational perspective. The Korean War represented a prototype for future Major Regional Conflicts
(MRCs). Examining the Operational Commander's use of submarines against a relatively weak naval
power, in a conflict dominated by land battle, provides lessons which may be applicable to future MRCs.
Brief historical and operational overviews are followed by operational analyses of submarine command and
control, operational reconnaissance missions, and the war's impact on the submarine force. Conclusions
discuss lessons learned for present and future operational planning. Compared to their significant
contribution during World War II, U.S. submarines did not play a major role in Korea. Their employment was
mostly directed towards training and reconnaissance operations. Korean War operational reconnaissance
set the stage for submarine operations throughout the Cold War. Submarine employment in the Korean
War was affected by three key issues: difficulty in preventing blue-on-blue engagements, communications
limitations which inhibited rapid, reliable submarine operational tasking, and defensive mining of the littoral
region. These three issues will continue to challenge operational Commanders when employing
submarines in future MRCS.
179
Cagle, Malcolm W. and Frank A. Manson. The sea war in Korea. Annapolis, [MD]:
United States Naval Institute, c1957. 555 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DS920.A3 C2
Field, James A. History of United States naval operations Korea. [U.S. Naval History
Division], 1962. 499 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DS920.A3 F4
Lederer, William J. The last cruise; the story of the sinking of the submarine, U.S.S.
Cochino. New York, Sloane, [1950]. 110 p.
A shorter version appeared in the Saturday Evening Post as *Miracle under the Arctic
sea.*"
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY V858 .L4
Naval Institute Press and Sonalysts, Inc. The sea services in the Korean War, 1950-
1953 [computer file] / produced by the Naval Institute Press and Sonalysts, Inc. in
conjunction with the historical offices of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard.
50th Anniversary of the Korean War Commemoration ed. Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval
Institute Press, 2000, c1957. 1 computer optical disc.
NPS/DKL Location: CIRCDESK DS920.A2 C3 2000
Schratz, Paul R. Submarine commander: a story of World War II and Korea.

Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, c1988. 322 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V63.S38 A3 1988
SUBMARINES -- AMERICAN – NUCLEAR
Adcock, Al. U.S. ballistic missile subs in action. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal
Publications, c1993. (Warships; no. 6). 50 p.
Anderson, William R. and Clay Blair, Jr. Nautilus 90 north. [1st ed.]. Cleveland, World
Pub. Co., [1959]. 251 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA65.N3 A6
________ and ________. Nautilus 90 north. 1st TAB ed. Blue Ridge Summit, PA:
Tab Books, [1989], c1959. (Military classics series). 251 p.
Baar, James and William E. Howard. Polaris! [1st ed.]. New York, Harcourt, Brace,
[1960]. 245 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VG93 .B2
Bivens, Arthur Clark. Of nukes and nose cones: a submarine story. Baltimore, MD:
Gateway Press, 1996. 125 p.
180
Duncan, Francis. Rickover and the nuclear navy: the discipline of technology.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL CT18 .I522 D86 1990
________. Rickover: the struggle for excellence. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute
Press, 2001. 416 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V63.R63 D86 2001
Duthie, Richard E. C. and Billy D. Donald. Nuclear powered submarines. [Oak Ridge,
TN] U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information, [1964]. 1 v.
Govan, Dale R. The Submarine Contribution to Operational Protection. Newport, RI:

Naval War College, 1997; Available from National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA. 24 p.
Abstract: How can nuclear powered submarines (SSNs) contribute to joint force protection? Are these
submarines essential to a joint force commander's concept of operations? Would their absence significantly
alter his branch and sequel plans? Although SSNs represent a significant combat capability, do they
possess the necessary range of capabilities to enhance operational protection in a given theater? SSNs can
be a force multiplier in the right scenario. 'The modern attack submarine is a versatile multi-mission warship
that is more survivable than any other naval vessel in history.' However, just as the special operating forces
complement ground troops, SSNs complement the naval forces. SSNs can not accomplish all tasks all the
time, but the capabilities they bring to joint force operations can free other forces to act in contributing areas
to accomplish the overall mission. This is their forte. The principle missions submarines can perform have
grown tremendously from the pre-World War II tasks. These tasks included covert strike warfare, surface
warfare, undersea warfare, intelligence collection and surveillance, covert indication and warning, electronic
warfare, special warfare, covert mine warfare, and battlegroup support. With so many capabilities available,
the operational commander must rely on doctrine to incorporate these tasks into his concept of operations.
This paper will attempt to articulate the fundamental principles to guide the use of SSNs in warfare. Just as
air superiority against an adversary requires phasing of operations, so does undersea superiority.
Submarines can best combine time and space with stealth to help prepare the littoral battlespace for future
operations.
Kuenne, Robert E. The Polaris missile strike; a general economic systems analysis.
[Columbus]: Ohio State University Press, [1967, c1966]. 434 p.
The third volume to emerge from the General Economic Systems Project at Princeton
University.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V993 .K9
Lawliss, Chuck. The submarine book: a portrait of nuclear submarines and the men
who sail them. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1991. 160 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V857 .L29 1991
________. The submarine book. Short Hills, NJ: Burford Books, c2000. 204 p.
Originally published: New York: Thames & Hudson, 1991.
LaCroix, F. W. et al. A concept of operations for a new deep-diving submarine.

Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2001. (MR-1395). 153 p.
181
Abstract: By 2012, the reactor on the U.S. Navy's only deep-diving research submarine will be exhausted,
making it necessary to either refuel the reactor or replace the submarine. If the Navy opts for a new
submarine, what capabilities should it retain and what capabilities should be added? What would be its most
important missions and what would be required for it to perform those missions? In this report, the authors
worked with panels of qualified scientists, defense experts, and naval officers to develop a concept of
operation for a possible replacement platform, analyzing which military and scientific missions should have
the highest priorities. The authors conclude by offering a list of the highest-priority missions and two design
concepts that would best be able to achieve them.
Electronic access: http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1395/
Leary, William M. Under ice: Waldo Lyon and the development of the Arctic
submarine. 1st ed. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, c1999. (Texas A & M
University military history series; 62). 303 p.
Lightbody, Andy and Joe Poyer. Submarines: hunter-killers & boomers.

Lincolnwood, IL: Publications International, c.1990. 192 p.
Polmar, Norman. Atomic submarines. Princeton, NJ, Van Nostrand, [1963]. 286 p.
________. Death of the Thresher. [1st ed.]. Philadelphia, Chilton Books, [1964]. 148
p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA65.T7 P7
Rees, Ed. The seas and the subs. [1st ed.]. New York, Duell, Sloan & Pearce, [1961].
233 p.
Rockwell, Theodore. The Rickover effect: how one man made a difference.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL CT18 .I52 R62 1992
________. The Rickover effect: the inside story of how Adm. Hyman Rickover built
the nuclear Navy. New York: J. Wiley, 1995. 411 p.
Originally published: Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1992.
Rodengen, Jeffrey L. Serving the silent service: the legend of Electric Boat. Fort
Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff Syndicate, c1994. 176 p.
Sapolsky, Harvey M. The Polaris system development; bureaucratic and

programmatic success in government. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
1972. 261 p.
Scharfenberg, Horst. Nautilus 90 Grad Nord; Atom-U-Boote erobern die Meere. [1.
Aufl.]. Stuttgart, K. Thienemanns Verlag, [1959]. 190 p.
182
German translation of Nautilus 90 north.
Spinardi, Graham. From Polaris to Trident: the development of US Fleet ballistic

missile technology. Cambridge [England]; New York: Cambridge University Press,
1994. (Cambridge studies in international relations; 30). 253 p.
Revision of author's thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Edinburgh.
Steele, George P. and Herbert J. Gimpel. Nuclear submarine skippers and what they
do. New York: F. Watts, 1962. 140 p.
Tritten, James J. A New Case for Naval Arms Control: Interim report Sep-Dec 1992.
Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School Department of National Security; Springfield,
VA: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1992. (ADA259759)1 v.
Abstract: This paper opens with an examination of existing legal restraints on naval forces and arms
control agreements and concludes that the U.S. is already heavily engaged in naval arms control. Given
the new international security environment and the new U.S. regionally-oriented national security and
military strategies, the author then recommends a series of additional naval arms control measures that
should be taken: exchanges of data, transparency, INCSEA, cooperative measures, an agreement on the
laws of submarine warfare, abolishing NCND, no first tactical nuclear use at sea, NWFZs, advanced
notification of operational-level exercises, environmental protection measures, controls over maritime
technologies, armed escorts of nuclear shipments, new Roes, PALs, the resolution of outstanding political
issues at sea, deep cuts in nuclear forces, CFE follow-on, limits on specific types of naval forces,
geographic limits, expanded standing naval forces, and a re negotiation of the ABM Treaty. The paper
then addresses verification and compliance issues. Author concludes that since the U.S. Navy has
already managed to avoid major arms control while balanced on the precarious 'slippery slope', there is
no reason to continue its stonewalling policies.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 208.14/2:NPS-NS-92-016
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries.

Disposal of decommissioned nuclear submarines: hearing before the Committee on
Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress,
second session, on oversight of the Ocean Dumping Act and National Ocean Pollution
Planning Act and the disposal of defueled, decommissioned nuclear submarines, October
19, 1982--Manteo, N.C. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1983. 166 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS Y 4.M 53:97-47
United States. Congress. House. Committee on National Security. Subcommittee on

Military Procurement. New attack submarine: hearing before the Military Procurement
Subcommittee of the Committee on National Security, House of Representatives, One
Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, hearing held September 7, 1995. Washington:
U.S. G.P.O.: For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office,
1996. 127 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS Y 4.SE 2/1 A:995-96/16
United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Nuclear submarines of

advanced design. Hearing, Ninetieth Congress, second session ... June 21, 1968.
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1968. 131 p.
183
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on
Nuclear Deterrence, Arms Control, and Defense Intelligence. Shipment of spent
nuclear fuel from U.S. Navy ships and submarines to the Idaho National
Engineering Laboratory (INEL): hearing before the Subcommittee on Nuclear
Deterrence, Arms Control, and Defense Intelligence of the Committee on Armed
Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, July 28,
1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O.: For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs.,
Congressional Sales Office, 1994. 163 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL KF26 .S20 V.103 NO.4
United States. Congressional Budget Office. Increasing the Mission Capability of the
Attack Submarine Force. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 2002. 35 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FICHEDOCS Y 10.2:AT 8
Electronic access: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=3312&sequence=0&from=1
United States. General Accounting Office. Attack submarines: alternatives for a more
affordable SSN force structure: report to Congressional requesters. Washington, DC:
The Office; Gaithersburg, MD (P.O. Box 6015, Gaithersburg 20884-6015): The Office
[distributor, 1994]. 45 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS GA 1.13:NSIAD-95-16
United States. Naval Material Command. Trident System Project Office. Trident system.
Washington, DC: Trident System Project Office, Navy Dept., 1977. 13 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V993 .U63
United States. Navy Dept. Strategic Systems Programs. Facts/chronology: Polaris-

Poseidon-Trident. Arlington, VA: Strategic Systems Programs, Navy Department, 1996.
95 p.
________. FBM facts/chronology: Polaris, Poseidon, Trident. Washington, DC:

Strategic Systems Project Office, Navy Department, 1982. 59 p.
________. FBM facts/chronology: Polaris, Poseidon, Trident. Washington, DC:

Strategic Systems Programs, Navy Department, 1990. 75 p.
Waller, Douglas C. Big Red: three months on board a Trident nuclear submarine.
New York: HarperCollins Publishers, c2001. 336 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA65.N35 W35 2001
Williams, Gorfon C. Employment of Fast Attack Submarines by the Operational

Commander. Newport, RI: Naval War College, 1998.
(ADA348604). 27 p.
184
Abstract: For operational commanders, the use of military force today requires flexibility, efficiency, and
careful risk management among joint forces. In light of these requirements, this paper examines the
influence of the fast attack nuclear submarine (SSN) and the Joint Force Commander's JFC) employment of
SSNs as an operational-level asset. The history of submarine warfare provides many lessons regarding
submarine employment. Although the JFC can use submarines to accomplish or support a broad scope of
missions, optimum employment requires analysis of the characteristics, capabilities, and expertise of
submarines. The intrinsic and enduring characteristics of the SSN are stealth, mobility, endurance, and
flexibility. The SSN also possesses diverse capabilities that allow it to perform a number of missions in
support of the operational commander. These include theater ISR, support of ground components and
operations ashore, and attacks on sea-based threats and objectives. Matching the submarine's
characteristics with these capabilities yields several employment principles. For the JFC, SSNs are flexible
assets that are best employed operationally deep where autonomous, survivable, or enabling forces are
required. As an operational asset, the SSN contributes directly to several of the JFC's operational functions.
First, submarines are important to the JFC because of their role in operational intelligence. Because of their
stealth and forward positions, SSNs are able to conduct ISR directed at the enemy's operational
weaknesses and centers of gravity. Second, the SSN's mobility and endurance enable it to execute
operational maneuver. Third, through their USW, SUW and MIW capabilities, SSNs provide superb
operational protection of naval forces. Finally, the SSN's extensive operational reach and autonomy make it
particularly effective at conducting operational fires. Effective employment of SSNs will help the JFC
achieveleverage and freedom of action in the theater.
Vyborny, Lee and Don Davis. Dark waters: an insider's account of the NR-1, the
Cold War's undercover nuclear sub. New York: New American Library, 2003. 243 p.
SUBMARINES -- AMERICAN – PERSIAN GULF WAR
Brown, Ron A. and Robert J. Schneller, comps. United States Naval Forces in Desert
Shield and Desert Storm: a select bibliography. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical
Center, 1993. 50 p.
NPS/DKL Location: REFERENCE DS79.72 .B76 1993
Marolda, Edward J. and Robert J. Schneller, Jr. Shield and sword: the United States
Navy and the Persian Gulf War. Washington: Naval Historical Center, Dept. of the
Navy: For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., 1998. 517 p.
NPS/DKL Location: FEDDOCS D 221.2:G 95
Meisner, Arnold. Desert Storm sea war. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International,
1991. 128 p.
Pokrant, Marvin. Desert Storm at sea: what the Navy really did. Westport, Ct:
Greenwood Press, 1999. (Contributions in military studies, no. 175). 329 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DS79.744 .N38 P65 1999
United States. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. The United States Navy in
"Desert Shield" "Desert Storm." Washington, DC: The Office, [1991]. 1 v.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL DS79.72 .U55 1991
185
SUBMARINES -- AMERICAN -- WWI
Bass, Herbert J., ed. America's entry into World War I: submarines, sentiment, or
security? New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, [1964]. 122 p.
Battey, George Magruder. 70,000 miles on a submarine destroyer; or, The Reid boat
in the world war. Atlanta, The Webb & Vary company, 1919. 384 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D589.U6 B3 1919
Leighton, John Langdon. Simsadus: London; The American navy in Europe. New
York, H. Holt & Company, 1920. 169 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D589.U6 L5
Millholland, Ray. The splinter fleet of the Otranto barrage. New York, The Bobbs-
Merrill company, [c1936]. 307 p.
Moffat, Alexander White. Maverick Navy. 1st ed. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University
Press, c1976. 157 p.
Silverstone, Paul H. U.S. warships of World War I. Garden City, NY, Doubleday, 1970.
304 p.
Simulaneously published: Shepperton: Allan, 1970.
Sims, William Sowden and Burton J. Hendrick. The victory at sea. Garden City, NY:
Doubleday, Page & Company, 1920. 410 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D589.U6 S6 1920
________, ________ and David F. Trask. The victory at sea. Annapolis, MD: Naval
Institute Press, c1984. (Classics of naval literature). 420 p.
Originally published: Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1920.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D589.U6 S6 1984
Thompson, Terry Brewster. Take her down, wartime adventures of U.S. submarine L-
9. [New York] Sheridan house, [1942]. 313 p.
Originally published: New York: Sheridan House, [c1937] as Take her down, a submarine
portrait.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D595.U3 T4
United States. Office of Naval Records and Library. American ship casualties of the
world war including naval vessels, merchant ships, sailing vessels, and fishing
craft. Comp. by Historical section. Cor. to April 1, 1923. Washington, Govt print. off.,
1923. 24 p.
186
SUBMARINES -- AMERICAN -- WWII
Alden, John D. U.S. submarine attacks during World War II: including Allied
submarine attacks in the Pacific theater. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1989.
285 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D783 .A54 1989
Banning, Kendall. Submarine! The story of undersea fighters. Random House, 1942.
51 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY VM365 .B2
Barnes, Robert Hatfield. United States submarines. [1st ed.] New Haven, CT, H.F.
Morse Associates, [1944]. 195 p.
Reprinted mostly from articles published in the Connecticut Circle magazine.
________. United States submarines. 2nd Edition. New Haven, CT, H. F. Morse
associates, inc. [1945]. 221 p.
________. United States submarines. 3d ed. New Haven, CT: H.F. Morse, 1946. 221
p.
Beach, Edward Latimer. Salt and steel: reflections of a submariner. Annapolis, MD:
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL CT2.E44 A3 1999
________. Submarine! New York, Holt, [1952]. 301 p.

NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D783.5.T7 B3
________. Submarine! London: W. Heinemann, 1953. 274 p.
________. Submarine [Traduction par J. Jouan]. Paris: les Presses de la Cité, 1953.
316 p.
French translation of Submarine
________. Submarine! London: Brown, Watson, 1958. 318 p.
________. Submarine [Traduction de R. [René] Jouan]. Paris: Presses pocket, 1966.

317 p.
French translation of Submarine
________. Submarine! London: Coronet, 1974. 301 p.
________. Submarine! Annapolis, MD:Naval Institute Press, [2003]. (Bluejacket

books). 301 p.
187
________. Ubåt!: amerikanske undervannsbåter i kamp mot Japan [til norsk ved
Herbrand Lavik; forord av S. Valvatne]. Bergen: J.W. Eides, 1953. 326 p.
Norwegian translation of Submarine!
Bell, Art. Peter Charlie: the cruise of the PC 477. Woodland Hills, CA: Courtroom
Compendiums, 1982. 384 p.
Benere, Daniel E. A Critical Examination of the U.S. Navy's Use of Unrestricted

Submarine Warfare in the Pacific Theater during WWII. Newport, RI: Naval War
College, Department of Operations, 1992. (ADA253241). 31 p.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the United States use of unrestricted submarine warfare against the
Japanese in World War II. Within the framework of the principles of war, the paper critically analyzes the
strategy of the use of submarines during the war and how the operational strategy changed during the
course of the war. This paper also critically surveys the use (or misuse) of the key tenets of modern,
fundamental military thought. Recommendations and observations are offered which are considered
applicable to modern warfare.
Beynon, Robert P. The Pearl Harbor avenger. 1st ed. Deland, FL: Just Books 1,
c2002. 298 p.
USS Bowfin
Blair, Clay. Silent victory: the U.S. submarine war against Japan. Philadelphia,
Lippincott, [1975]. 1072 p.
________. Silent victory: the U.S. submarine war against Japan. Annapolis, MD:
Originally published: Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1975.
Bouslog, Dave. Maru killer: the war patrols of the USS Seahorse. Sarasota, Fla.:
Seahorse Books, c1996. 210 p.
Boyd, Carl. American command of the sea through carriers, codes, and the silent
service: World War II and beyond. Newport News, Va.: Mariners' Museum, c1995.
(Mariners' Museum publication; no. 43). 79 p.
Briggs, Raymonde. The super submarine, the only vessel now capable of safely
carrying and servicing a sixteen inch gun. [Bogota, NJ, The Dancey printing
company, 1942]. 20 p.
Discussion of a proposed new submarine with sixteen inch gun, invented by N. M.
Hopkins.
Calvert, James F. Silent running: my years on a World War II attack submarine.

New York: J. Wiley, c1995. 282 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D782.J33 C35 1995
188
Carmer, Carl Lamson. The Jesse James of the Java Sea. New York: Farrar &
Rinehart, [1945]. 119 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D783.5.S8 C2
Carr, Roland T. To sea in Haste. Washington: Acropolis Books, c1975. (The Acropolis
Americana bicentennial series). 260 p.
Casey, Robert J. Battle below: the war of the submarines. Indianapolis: Bobbs-
Merrill, [c1945]. 380 p.
Chambliss, William C. The silent service. [New York], New American Library, [1959].
158p.
Christodoulou, Nicholas. Saga of the submarine Scabby, U.S.S. Scabbardfish (SS-

397). 1st ed. Nashville, TN: L.H. Cunningham, c1985. 208 p.
Cline, Rick. Final dive: the gallant and tragic career of the WWII submarine, USS
Snook. Placentia, CA: R.A. Cline Pub., c2001. 235 p.
________. Submarine Grayback: the life & death of the WW II sub, USS Grayback.
1st ed. Placentia, CA: R.A. Cline Pub., c1999. 252 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D783.5 .G73 C55 1999
Conner, Claude C. Nothing friendly in the vicinity: my patrols on the submarine

USS Guardfish during WWII. 1st ed. Mason City, IA: Savas Publ., c1999. 230 p.
Crowell, Charles D. SHO-1 versus KING II - Victory at Leyte Gulf - Was it United
States Luck or Japanese Mistakes? Carlisle Barracks, PA: Army War College;
Abstract: The Battle for Leyte Gulf was the greatest naval battle of all time in terms of number of ships
involved, losses of ships and aircraft and size of area over which the battle was fought. The American
victory effectively marked the end of the Japanese Navy in World War Two. The battle was marked by
furious surface, air and submarine action at sea and fierce fighting ashore on Leyte Island by US Army and
Marine ground forces. While U.S. Navy dealt devastating losses to the Japanese fleet and claimed a
resounding victory, the battle continues to be discussed for the significant operational, tactical and
judgmental errors made by commanders of both sides. This study examines the errors made, the reasons
for the errors and the effect the errors had toward deciding the outcome of this battle. It investigates the
Japanese plan for the battle and the Japanese philosophy toward the war in 1944 and how these issues
affected the outcome. It also considers the American chain of command in the Pacific theater and the
problems caused by that unique setup. The paper discusses what we have learned, if anything from Leyte
Gulf, and if in a similar situation would we make the same mistakes again. Finally the paper evaluates the
composite effect of errors on both sides.
189
DeRose, James F. and Roger W. Paine, Jr. Unrestricted warfare: how a new breed of
officers led the submarine force to victory in World War II. New York: Wiley, c2000.
310 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D783.5.W3 D39 2000
Dienesch, Robert M. Submarine against the rising sun: the impact of radar on the
American submarine war in 1943, the year of change. [Fredericton]: University of
New Brunswick. 1996. 227 l.
Thesis (M.A.), University of New Brunswick, Dept. of History 1996.
Dingman, Roger. Ghost of war: the sinking of the Awa Maru and Japanese-
American relations, 1945-1995. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1997. 373 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D777.5 .A92 D56 1997
Farago, Ladislas. The Tenth Fleet. New York, I. Obolensky, [1962]. 366 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D783 .F22
________. The Tenth Fleet. New York: Paperback Library, 1971, c1962. 366 p.
Felsen, Henry Gregor. He's in submarines now. New York: Robert M. McBride & Co.,
c1942. 175 p.
Fluckey, Eugene B. Thunder below!: the USS Barb revolutionizes submarine

warfare in World War II. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1992. 444 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D783.5 .B36 F58 1992
Frank, Gerold, James D. Horan and Joseph M. Eckberg U.S.S. Seawolf, submarine
raider of the Pacific. New York, G. P. Putnam's sons, [1945]. 197 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D783.5.S4 F7
Galantin, I. J. Take her deep!: a submarine against Japan in World War II. Chapel
Hill, NC: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1987. 262 p.
Galvin, John R. and Frank Allnutt. Salvation for a doomed zoomie: a true story.
Indian Hills, CO: Allnutt Pub., c1983. 272 p.
Gannon, Robert. Hellions of the deep: the development of American torpedoes in

World War II. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996. 241 p.
Germinsky, Robert A. Submarines in World War II: the silent service. [Washington,
DC]: U.S. Navy Commemorative Committee, [1994?]. (WWII fact sheet). 1 sheet.
Grider, George and Lydel Sims. War fish. [1st ed.] Boston, Little, Brown, [1958]. 282 p.
190
Gugliotta, Bobette. Pigboat 39: an American sub goes to war. Lexington, KY:
University Press of Kentucky, c1984. 224 p.
Hawkins, Maxwell. Torpedoes away, sir! Our submarine navy in the Pacific. New
York, H. Holt & company, [1946]. 268 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D783 .H3
Holmes, Harry. The last patrol. Shrewsbury, Eng.: Airlife Pub. Ltd., 1994. 212 p.
Holmes, Wilfred Jay. Double-edged secrets: U.S. naval intelligence operations in the
Pacific during World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1979. 231 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D810.S7 H74
________. Double-edged secrets: U.S. naval intelligence operations in the Pacific

during World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1979 (1998 printing).
(Bluejacket books). 231 p.
________. Undersea victory: the influence of submarine operations on the war in

the Pacific. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966. 505 p.
Howarth, Stephen, ed. Men of war: great naval leaders of World War II. 1st U.S. ed.
New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. 602 p.
Originally published: London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1992.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL CT32 .M461 1993
Hoyt, Edwin Palmer. Bowfin. Short Hills, NJ: Burford Books, [1998]. (Classics of war).
234 p.
Originally published: New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983.
________. The destroyer killer. New York: Pocket Books, c1989. 222 p.
USS Harder.
________. Submarines at war: the history of the American silent service. New
York: Stein & Day, 1983. 329 p.
________. Submarines at war: the history of the American silent service. New
York: Jove Books, 1992, c983. 316 p.
Hunnicutt, Thomas G. The Operational Failure of U.S. Submarines at the Battle of

Midway - and Implications for Today. Newport, RI: Naval War College; Available from
National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1996. 31 p.
Abstract: U.S. submarine operational failure led to tactical insignificance at the Battle of Midway. This was
a remarkable outcome since interwar U.S. policy, submarine design, and fleet exercises dictated fleet
191
support by submarines. From today's view this failure is neither unique to a platform nor specific to an
operation. It can and does cross all services. The operational failure at Midway resulted from the failure to
abide by the operational art factors of synergy, simultaneity and depth, anticipation, and leverage. These
were compounded by failure to provide adequate C31 system operational support. These failures were a
consequence of the submarine force, and the Navy, not adequately addressing and training on operational
art during the interwar years. Today, Navy doctrine and training still have not adequately addressed
operational art though it is an essential part of joint warfare. The present use of exercises designed only to
test and build tactical proficiency of air, land, or sea forces risk the same type of operational failure in future
wars. Suggestions on developing operational art proficiency through innovation as a function of today's
forces, budgets, and training technology are presented for consideration.
Jaffee, Walter W. Steel shark in the Pacific: USS Pampanito SS-383. 1st ed. Palo
Alto: Glencannon Press, 2001. 208 p.
Kaufman, Yogi and Paul Stillwell. Sharks of steel. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press,
c1993. 107 p.
Kiefer, Edward A., comp. The Golden belly of the 202 U.S.S. Trout: a memorial
edtion of the Second War Patrol during World War II. [1st ed.]. [Fairlawn, Ohio]:
[Kiefer Publications, c1993]. 1 v.
Kimble, David L. Chronology of U.S. Navy submarine operations in the Pacific,

1939-42. 2nd World War II monograph ed. Bennington, VT: Merriam Press, 1999.
(World War II monograph series; no. 11). 60 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D780 .K56 1999
Kimmett, Larry and Margaret Regis. U.S. submarines in World War II: an illustrated
history. Seattle, WA: Navigator Pub., [c1996]. 159 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D783 .K56 1996
LaVo, Carl. Back from the deep: the strange story of the sister subs Squalus and
Sculpin. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1994. 226 p.
The Squalus is also indexed as Sailfish (Submarine).
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D783 .L38 1994
________. Slade Cutter, submarine warrior. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press,
2003. 265 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V63.C88 L39 2003
Lanigan, Richard J. Kangaroo express: the epic story of the submarine Growler:
with recollections by "Skipper" Arnold Schade. Laurel, FL: RJL Express Publications,
c1998. 173 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D782.G76 L36 1998
Lenton, H. T. American submarines. Garden City, NY, Doubleday [1973]. (Navies of

the Second World War). 128 p.
192
Originally published: London, MacDonald, [1973].
Lockwood, Charles A. Sink 'em all: submarine warfare in the Pacific. 1st ed. New
York: Dutton, 1951. 416 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D783 .L6 1951
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________. Unbroken, the story of a submarine. London, F. Muller, [1953]. 223 p.

NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D784.G7 M2
206
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________. The secret capture. London: Collins, 1959. 156 p.

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207
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________ and ________. Only four escaped: the sinking of the submarine Thetis.
William Sloane Associates, 1959. 219 p.
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________ and ________. Will not we fear: the story of His Majesty's submarine
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D784.G7 W2
Wemyss, David Edward Gillespie. Walker's Groups in the Western Approaches.

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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D784.G7 Y7
________. One of our submarines. Revised ed. London, Pan, 1968. 272 p.
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208
________. Submarine sailor: the First World War adventures of a Canadian
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________. German warships, 1815-1945. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1990-
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA513 .G6813 1990
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211
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL V859.G3 M555 2000
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VM365 .R6413
________. The U-boat: the evolution and technical history of German submarines
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________. U-Boottyp XXI. 2., verb. Aufl. München, J. F. Lehmann, 1967.

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213
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________. The U-boat wars, 1916-1945. New York: Putnam, c1989. 841 p.
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________. The U-boat wars, 1916-1945. 1st Owl book ed. New York: Holt, 1990. 841
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SUBMARINES -- GERMAN -- WWI
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214
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D589.U6 C6
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Kriegsmarine.
________. Schlachtkreuzer im Nebel. Munchen, J.F. Lehmann, 1934. 70 p.
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Frost, Wesley. German submarine warfare; a study of its methods and spirit,
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Fuss, Richard. Der U-Boot-Krieg des Jahres 1915; ein Kapitel auswartiger Politik im
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Kreuzerkrieg in den auslandischen Gewassern. (3 v.) -- Der Krieg in den Turkischen
Gewassern. (2 v.) -- Die Kampfe der kaiserlichen Marine in den deutschen Kolonien. (1
v.) -- Der Handelskrieg mit U-Booten. (5 v.) -- Die Uberwasserstreitkrafte und ihre
Technik. (1 v.)
Gibson, Richard Henry and Maurice Prendergast. The German submarine war, 1914-
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________ and ________. The German submarine war, 1914-1918. 2d ed. London,
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Grant, Robert M. U-boat intelligence, 1914-1918. [Hamden, CT]: Archon Books, 1969.
192 p.
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VB230 .G7
Gray, Edwyn. The U-boat war, 1914-18. New York, Scribner, [1972]. 280 p.
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217
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Grosse, Karl Friedrich. Politische und militarische Bedeutung des

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NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D591 .H3
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Heitmann, Jan. Unter Wasser in die Neue Welt: Handelsunterseeboote und

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NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D592.L8 H6
Hubernagel, Wilhelm. Die Bekanntmachungen des U-Boot-Handelskrieges: vom 4.

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219
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________ and ________. Wir leben noch! Deutsche seehelden im U-bootkampf.

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NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D591 .N6
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220
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D592.L8 S5
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221
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224
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________. Verdammte See: ein Kriegstagebuch der deutschen Marine 1939 -

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________. Verdammte See: ein Kriegstagebuch der deutschen Marine 1939 -

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225
________. Hitler's U-boat war. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 1997, c1996. 2 v.
Contents: v. 1. The hunters, 1939-1942. -- v. 2. The hunted, 1942-1945.
Originally published: New York: Random House, 1996-1998.
________. Die U-Boot-Krieg: Die Jäger 1939-1942 / Die Gejagten 1942-1945.

Gebundene Ausgabe. Augsburg: Bechtermünz Verlag, 2001. 1103 p.
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Contents: v. 1. Allied communication intelligence and the Battle of Atlantic -- v. 2. U-boat
operations -- v. 3. German naval communication intelligence -- v. 4. Technical intelligence
from Allied communications intelligence -- v. 5. German naval grid and its cipher -- v. 6
Appendices.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL Z102.5 .C782
Brennecke, Hans Joachim. Der Fall Laconia; ein hohes Lied der U-Boot-Waffe.
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________. Haie im Paradies; der deutsche U-Boot-Krieg in Asiens Gewässern

1943-45; dramatische Originalberichte Überlebender und bisher unveröffentlichte
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________. Haie im Paradies. Der deutsche U-Boot-Krieg in Asiens Gewassern

1943-45. Dramatische Originalberichte Uberlebender und bisher unveroffentlichte
Geheim-Dokumente. 2., uberarb. und verb. Aufl. Herford, Koehler, [1967]. 342 p.
________. Haie im Paradies: der deutsche U-Boot-Krieg in Asiens Gewässern

1943-1945; dramatische Originalberichte Überlebender und bisher
unveröffentlichte Geheimdokumente. 16. Aufl.. München: Heyne, 1995. 251 p.
________. The hunters and the hunted [translated by R. H. Stevens]. London, Burke
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________. The hunters and the hunted [translated by R. H. Stevens]. London,

Transworld Publishers, 1960. 383 p.
________. The hunters and the hunted [translated by R. H. Stevens]. [Morley, Eng.],
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English translation of Jager-Gejagte: deutsche U-Boote, 1939-45
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________. The hunters and the hunted [translated by R.H. Stevens]. Annapolis, Md.:
Naval Institute Press, 2003. (Bluejacket books). 328 p.
226
________. Jäger-Gejagte: deutsche U-Boote, 1939-45. 3. Aufl. Biberach an der

Riss: Koehlers, c1956. 382 p.
________. Jäger - Gejagte: deutsche U-Boote 1939-1945. 6. Aufl. Herford: Koehler,

1982. 432 p.
________. Jäger-Gejagte: deutsche U-Boote, 1939-45. 4. Aufl. München: Heyne,

1994. 437 p.
________. Jäger-Gejagte: deutsche U-Boote, 1939-45. 8. Aufl. Biberach an der

Riss: Koehlers, 2000. 494 p.
________. Die Wende im U-Boot-Krieg: Ursachen und Folgen, 1939-1943. Herford:

Koehler, c1984. 361 p.
________. Die Wende im U-Boot-Krieg: Ursachen und Folgen 1939-1943.

München: Heyne, 1991. 573 p.
Breyer, Siegfried. German U-boat Type XXI [translated from the German by Ed
Force]. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. Ltd., c1999. ( Schiffer military history book). 49 p.
English translation of Wunderwaffe Elektro-Uboot Typ XXI.
________. “Wunderwaffe” Elektro-Uboot Typ XXI. Wölfersheim-Berstadt: Podzun-

Pallas, c1996. 48 p.
Brustat-Naval, Fritz. Ali Cremer: U 333. Frankfurt/M; Berlin: Ullstein, 1994. 400 p.
________ and Teddy Suhren. Nasses Eichenlaub: als Kommandant u.F.d.U. im U-

Boot-Krieg. Herford: Koehler, 1983. 175 p.
________ and ________. Nasses Eichenlaub: als Kommandant u. F.d.U. im U-Boot-

Krieg. 3. Aufl.. Herford: Koehler, 1987. 175 p.
________ and ________ Nasses Eichenlaub: Als Kommandant und F.d.U. im U-

Boot-Krieg. Berlin: Ullstein, TB-Vlg., 1995. 175 p.
________ and ________. Nasses Eichenlaub: als Kommandant und F.d.U. im U-

Boot-Krieg. Sonderausg. Hamburg: Koehler, 1998. 153 p.
Buchheim, Lothar Günther. Die U-Boot-Fahrer: die Boote, die Besatzungen und ihr
Admiral. München: C. Bertelsmann, c1985. 307 p.
________. Die U-Boot-Fahrer: die Boote, die Besatzungen und ihr Admiral.
Munchen: Piper, c1998. 307 p.
227
________. U-Boot-Krieg. München; Zürich: Piper, 1976. 308 p.
________. Zu Tode gesiegt: der Untergang der U-Boote. 1. Aufl. München: C.

Bertelsmann, c1988. 307 p.
________ and Alexander Rost. Jäger im Weltmeer. 1. Aufl. Hamburg: Hoffmann und
Campe, 1996. 63 p.
Originally published: Berlin Suhrkamp, 1943.
________ and Michael Salewski. U-boat war [translated by Gudie Lawaetz]. New York:
Bonanza Books; Distributed by Crown Publishers, 1986. 300 p.
English translation of: U-Boot-Krieg.
Originally published: New York: Knopf, 1978.
Busch, Fritz-Otto. Krieg der "Grauen Wölfe": die Feindfahrten des Unteseebootes U
110. Rastatt: E. Pabel, c1986. (Die deutsche Wehrmacht im II. Weltkrieg). 108 p.
________. U-Bootsfahrten. Leipzig: F. Schneider, c1934. 95 p.
Busch, Harald. So war der U-Boot-Krieg. Bielefeld: Dt. Heimat-Verl., 1952. 391 p.
________. So war der U-Boot-Krieg. 2. Aufl.. Bielefeld: Dt. Heimat-Verl., 1954. 472 p.
________. So war der U-Boot-Krieg: Totentanz der Sieben Meere. Rastatt i. Baden:
Pabel, 1960. 381 p.
________. U-boats at war [translated from the German by L.P.R. Wilson]. New York,
Ballantine Books, [1955]. 176 p.
English translation of So war der U-Boot-Krieg.
Busch, Rainer and Hans-Joachim Roll. German U-boat commanders of World War II:
a biographical dictionary [translated by Geoffrey Brooks]. London: Greenhill Books;
English translation of Deutschen U-Boot-Kommandanten.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL CT32 .B87 1999
________ and ________. Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945. Hamburg: Mittler & Sohn,
[1996-1998]. 4 v.
Incomplete Contents: 1. Die deutschen U-Boot-Kommandanten -- 2. Der U-Boot Bau
auf deutschen Werften -- 4. Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai
1945.
Caram, Ed, comp. Records and reports of the U-352: WW II German U-boat in the
N.C. graveyard of the Atlantic. 1st ed. [S.l.: s.n.], c1983. 1 v.
228
________. U-352, the sunken German Uboat in the graveyard of the Atlantic. 1st
ed. [s.l.: E. Caram], c1987. 105 p.
Caulfield, Malachy Francis. A night of terror; the story of the Athenia affair.
London, Muller, [1958]. 222 p.
Cernigoi, Enrico. U-Boote: battaglia nell'Atlantico. Firenze: Giunti, c1999. 63 p.
Cheatham, James T. The Atlantic turkey shoot: U-Boats off the Outer Banks in
World War II. Greenville, NC: Williams & Simpson, [c1990]. 61 p.
Chewning, Alpheus J. The approaching storm: U-boats off the Virginia coast during
World War II. Lively, VA: Brandylane, c1994. 171 p.
Cosgrove, Brian A. From the Sea Versus The U-Boat. Newport, RI: Naval War
College Dept of Operations. (ADA279488). 1994. 36 p.
Abstract: This paper will analyze World War II U-boat operations against Allied sealift with focus on the
period from May 1943 to the end of the war. It will show the relevance of the operational and strategic
decisions of this historical campaign to the challenges of today's potential regional conflicts. In 1943,
Allied technological innovations and convoy employment precipitated a decline in U-boat successes and
changes to the final portion of the U-boat campaign produced fewer U-boat victories, yet remained an
effective operational scheme. It is relevant that the inability of Allied forces to consistently thwart
successful U-boat attacks, along their own coastlines, emphasizes a weakness in our Naval Strategy
Today, insufficient and usually lightly protected sealift. The Navy and Marine Corps joint White Paper,
From the Sea, articulates Navy support of the National Security and National Military Strategies of the
United States with a commitment to concentrate more on capabilities required in the complex operating
environment of the 'littoral' or coastlines of the earth.
NPS/DKL Location: MICROFORM: ADA279488
Cremer, Peter Erich and Fritz Brustat-Naval. U 333: the story of a U-boat ace
[translated by Lawrence Wilson]. London: The Bodley Head, 1984. 303 p.
English translation of Ali Cremer, U 333.
________ and ________. U-boat commander: a periscope view of the battle of the
Atlantic. [translated by Lawrence Wilson]. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1984.
244 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D781 .C7413 1984A
Davis, Donald L. A New Look at the Battle of the Atlantic. Newport, RI: Naval War
College; Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1993.
(ADA266796). 37 p.
Abstract: The paper examines the Battle of the Atlantic from an operational rather than the usual strategic
perspective. The impressive achievements of the small force of German submarines against such
overwhelming odds was a direct result of Admiral Karl Doenitz's skillful practice of the Operational Art. An
examination of his attributes and methods may provide useful guidance for the commander of the small,
austere force of the future. Superior numbers or technology does not guarantee for military success.
Sound doctrine, vision, operational excellence, initiative and audacity, on the other hand, can produce
substantial advantages. The paper also cautions that the dramatic allied reconstitution which did so much
to turn the tide in the Battle of the Atlantic, is unlikely to reoccur and that the large, costly multi-purpose
229
weapons platforms of today may be as ineffective in fighting the low intensity naval battle on the littoral as
the large capital ships were in the Battle of the Atlantic.
Donitz, Karl. The conduct of the war at sea: an essay. Washington: Division of Naval
Intelligence, 1946. 34 p.
________. 40 Fragen. 3., neugestaltete Aufl. München: Bernard & Graefe, c1979. 230
p.
English translation of La guerre en 40 questions.
Earlier editions published as Deutsche Strategie zur See im Zweiten Weltkrieg.
________. 40 [i.e. Vierzig] Fragen. Vierte Auflage. München: Bernard & Graefe,
c1980. 230 p.
________. Deutsche Strategie zur See im Zweiten Weltkrieg; die Antworten des
Grossadmirals auf 40 Fragen. Frankfurt am Main, Bernard & Graefe, 1970. 230 p.
________. Memoirs: ten years and twenty days [translated by R. H. Stevens, in

collaboration with David Woodward]. [1st ed.] Cleveland, World Pub. Co., [1959]. 500 p.
English translation of Zehn Jahre und zwanzig Tage.
________. Memoirs: ten years and twenty days [translated by R. H. Stevens, in

collaboration with David Woodward]. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976, c1959.
500 p.
________. Die U-Bootswaffe. Berlin: E. S. Mittler, c1939. 65 p.
________. Zehn Jahre und zwanzig Tage. Bonn, Athenaum, 1958. 512 p.
________. Zehn Jahre und Zwanzig Tage. [2. Aufl.]. Frankfurt am Main, Athenaum
Verlag, 1963. 490 p.
________. Zehn Jahre und zwanzig Tage. [4. Aufl.]. Frankfurt am Main, Bernard &
Graefe fur Wehrwesen, 1967. 491 p.
Dupuy, Trevor N. The naval war in the west: the wolf packs. London: Ward, 1965.
(The illustrated history of World War II; v.5). 68 p.
Edwards, Bernard. Donitz and the wolf packs. London: Brockhampton Press, 1999,
c1996. 240 p.
Enders, Gerd. Deutsche U-Boote zum Schwarzen Meer: 1942 - 1944; eine Reise
ohne Wiederkehr. 2. Aufl.. Hamburg; Berlin; Bonn: Mittler, 2001. 130 p.
230
Ernst, Georg. Bis zur letzten Stunde: der U-Boot-Krieg 1939 – 1945. Augsburg:
Bechtermünz-Verl., 1999. 223 p.
________. Bis zur letzten Stunde: Illusion und Wirklichkeit. Hamburg; Berlin; Bonn:
Mittler, 1995. 223 p.
________. Bis zur letzten Stunde: Illusion und Wirklichkeit. 1. Aufl. [München]:
Ullstein, 2003. 377 p.
Essex, James W. Victory in the St. Lawrence: Canada's unknown war. Erin, Ontario:
Boston Mills Press, c1984. 159 p.
Filipowski, Sean R. Operation PAUKENSCHLAG: An Operational Analysis. Newport,

RI: Naval War College; Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
VA, 1994. (ADA279625). 44 p.
Abstract: Operation Paukenschlaq, a German U-boat operation against Allied shipping along the East
Coast of the United States and Canada in early 1942, is analyzed from the perspective of the operational
level of war. The plan and its execution are examined to provide conclusions and lessons learned for future
operational planning considerations. Chapter One provides a short historical summary of the German U-
boat Force and the Battle of the Atlantic. Chapter Two analyzes the operational design of Paukenschlaq.
Chapter Three discusses the execution of the operation. Finally, Chapter Four offers information from the
operation which could be useful for future commanders. This analysis of Operation Paukenschlag shows
that an operation conceived, planned, and executed in as short as time as Paukenschlaq was, can be
successful, provided several critical factors prevail.
Fock, Harald. Marine-Kleinkampfmittel: bemannte Torpedos, Klein-U-Boote, Klein-

Schnellboote, Sprengboote; gestern - heute - morgen. 1. Aufl. Herford: Koehler,
1982. 200 p.
Frank, Wolfgang. Enemy submarine: the story of Gunther Prien, captain of U47.
London: W. Kimber, 1954. 200 p.
________. Prien greift an; nach aufzeichnungen des verfassers an bord undden
beim befehlshaber der unterseeboote vorliegenden dienstlichen
kriegstagebuchern des korvettenkapitans Gunther Prien. Hamburg, H. Kohler,
[c1942]. 281 p.
________. The Sea Wolves; the story of German U-boats at war [translated by R. O.
B. Long]. New York, Rinehart, [1955]. 340 p.
English translation of Die Wölfe und der Admiral.
________. The Sea Wolves: the story of German U-boats at war [translated by
R.O.B. Long]. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1955. 251 p.
Abridged English translation of Die Wölfe und der Admiral.
231
________. Der Stier von Scapa Flow; Leben und Taten des U-Boot-
Kommandanten Günther Prien. Nach Aufzeichnungen des Verfassers an Bord U
47 und den seinerzeit beim Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote vorliegenden
dienstlichen Kriegstagebüchern des Korvettenkapitäns Günther Prien, sowie
deutschen und englischen Dokumenten der Kriegs- und Nachkriegszeit.
[Oldenburg (Oldb.)] G. Stalling, [1958]. 292 p.
________. U-Boote contre les marines alliées. [Grenoble], Arthaud, [1956]. 429 p.
French translation of Die Wölfe und der Admiral.
________. Die Wölfe und der Admiral; der Roman der U-Boote. Oldenburg (Oldb)
G. Stalling, [1953]. 552 p.
________. Die Wölfe und der Admiral; Triumph und Tragik der U-Boote. 3. Aufl.
Oldenburg (Oldb), G. Stalling, [1957]. 580 p.
________. Die Wölfe und der Admiral: [U-Boote im Kampfeinsatz - Triumpf und
Tragik]. 6. Aufl. Bergisch Gladbach: Lübbe, 1995. 752 p.
________. Die Wölfe und der Admiral: U-Boote im Kampfeinsatz. [Augsburg]:

Bechtermünz, 2001. 751 p.
Franks, Norman L. R. Conflict over the bay. London: William Kimber, 1986. 284 p.
Freyer, Paul Herbert. Der Tod auf allen Meeren. (2., durchges. Aufl.). [Berlin],
Deutscher Militärverl, [1971]. 390 p.
Originally published: Berlin, Deutscher Militärverl., 1970.
________. Der Tod auf allen Meeren. (4., durchges. Aufl.). [Berlin] Militärverl. d. DDR,
[1973]. 390 p.
________. Die Versenkung der Athenia. [Berlin], Deutscher Militärverl., [1970].

(Tatsachen, 104). 61 p.
Fuhren, Franz. Kapitanleutnant Schepke erzahlt. Minden (Westf.), W. Kohler, 1943.

26 p.
Biography of the Commander, U-100, rammed and depth charged by the British
destroyers HMS Walker and HMS Vanoc.
Gallery, Daniel V. Twenty million tons under the sea. Chicago, H. Regnery Co., 1956.
344 p.
History of the U 505.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D782.U18 G2
________. Twenty million tons under the sea. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press,
[2001]. (Bluejacket books). 344 p.
232
Originally published: Chicago: Regnery, 1956.
Gamelin, Paul. Les bases sous-marines allemandes de l'Atlantique et leurs

defenses: 1940-1945. La Baule: Editions des Paludiers, c1981. 99 p.
Gannon, Michael. Black May. 1st ed. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, c1998. 492
p.
________. Operation Drumbeat: the dramatic true story of Germany's first U-boat
attacks along the American coast in World War II. 1st ed. New York: Harper &
Row, c1990. 490 p.
________. Operation Paukenschlag: der deutsche U-Boot-Krieg gegen die USA

[Dt. übertr. von Klaus-Dieter Schmidt]. Frankfurt/M; Berlin: Ullstein, 1992. 510 p.
German translation of Operation Drumbeat.
________. Operation Paukenschlag: der deutsche U-Boot-Krieg gegen die USA.

[Übers.: Klaus-Dieter Schmidt]. Augsburg: Bechtermünz-Verl., 1997. 510 p.
________. Operation Paukenschlag: Der deutsche U-Boot-Krieg gegen die USA

[Aus dem Amerikan von Klaus-Dieter Schmidt]. Berlin: Ullstein TB-Vlg., 1998. 550 p.
________. Schwarzer Mai: die Entscheidung im U-Boot-Krieg [aus dem Amerikan

von Horst Rehse]. 1. Aufl.. München: Ullstein, 2001. 699 p.
German translation of Black May.
Germany. Wehrmacht. Oberkommando. 1939 gegen England, Berichte und Bilder,

herausgegeben vom Oberkommando der Wehrmacht. Berlin, Zeitgeschichte-Verlag
W. Andermann, 1940. 156 p.
Gasaway, E. B. Grey wolf, grey sea. New York, Ballantine Books, [1970]. 245 p.
Jochen Mohr and the U-124.
Giese, Otto and James E. Wise, Jr. Shooting the war: the memoir and photographs
of a U-boat officer in World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1994. 289
p.
Gmeline, Patrick de. Sous-marins allemands au combat. Paris: Presses de la Cité,

c1997. 567 p.
Great Britain. Admiralty. His Majesty's submarines [prepared for the Admiralty by the
Ministry of Information]. London, H. M. Stationery Off. [c1945]. 64 p.
233
Great Britain. Central Office of Information. The battle of the Atlantic. The official
account of the fight against the U-boats, 1939-1945. [Prepared for the Admiralty and
the Air Ministry]. London, H.M. Stationery Off., [1946]. 104 p.
Grooms, Bruce E. Critical German Submarine Operations Versus Allied Convoys

During March 1943: An Operational Analysis. Newport, RI: Naval War College;
Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1993.
(ADA264185). 46 p.
Abstract: German submarine operations against allied convoys, during March 1943 is critically analyzed
from an operational perspective. The theater commander's operational scheme is dissected for the purpose
of identifying lessons which can be applied to the planning and execution of today's theater operations. A
brief historical account of the early phases of the war and the events and decisions which preceded the
critical convoy battles will be followed by an analysis of the operational scheme employed by Admiral
Doenitz. German victory during the spring offensive clearly demonstrated numerous operational successes,
a reasonably well conceived operational plan, and proof positive of the potential for a larger scale victory,
yet history recorded Germany's ultimate defeat in the Battle of the Atlantic. This analysis identified three
significant flaws which led to the German demise; first, strategic guidance and operational means were
inadequately reconciled.
Grossmith, Frederick. The sinking of the Laconia: a tragedy in the battle of the
Atlantic. Stamford: P.Watkins, c1994. 236 p.
Grove, Eric J., ed. The defeat of the enemy attack on shipping, 1939-1945.
Aldershot, Hant; Brookfield, VT: Ashgate for the Navy Records Society, c1997.
(Publications of the Navy Records Society; vol. 137). 380 p.
Hadley, Michael L. U-boats against Canada: German submarines in Canadian

waters. Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, c1985. 360 p.
________. U-Boote gegen Kanada: Unternehmungen deutscher U-Boote in

kanadischen Gewässern [übertr. von Hans und Hanne Meckel]. Herford; Bonn: Mittler,
1990. 352 p.
German translation of U-Boats against Canada
________. U-Boote gegen Kanada: Unternehmungen deutscher U-Boote in

kanadischen Gewässern [Aus dem Engl. von Hans und Hanne Meckel]. Ungekürzte
Ausg. Berlin: Ullstein, 1997. 568 p.
German translation of U-boats against Canada
Hahn, Gunther Ernst. Deutsche Netzleger. Wolfersheim-Berstadt: Podzun-Pallas-

Verlag, 1996. (Marine-Arsenal; Bd. 37). 48 p.
Hardegen, Reinhard. "Auf gefechtsstationen!": U-boote im einsatz gegen England

und Amerika. Leipzig: Boreas, 1943. 227 p.
234
Hartmann, Werner. Feind im fadenkreuz, U-boot auf jagd im Atlantik. Berlin, Die
Heimbucherei, [1942]. 232 p.
Hasslinger, Karl M. The U-Boat War in the Caribbean: Opportunities Lost. Newport,
RI: Naval War College; Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
VA, 1995. (ADA297938). 22 p.
Abstract: This paper reviews the specific segments of the Battle of the Atlantic that were conducted in and
around the Caribbean Sea. The background information explores Germany's political goals and policies in
the years prior to the second world war, and the military situation that resulted. The Battle of the Atlantic is
reviewed to determine the reasons for sending U-boats to the Caribbean theater, which was at the effective
limit of their operational endurance. Further, the operational art aspects of the use of U-boats in the
Caribbean theater and the results they achieved are examined in detail. The subsequent withdrawal of U-
boats from the Caribbean after only eleven months in the theater is specifically evaluated in light of the
personal leadership and operational art abilities of the Command in Chief of the U-boat Arm, Admiral Karl
Doenitz. The paper's conclusion is an evaluation of the title question. Despite the acknowledged tactical
success of sinking 400 merchant ships, with the loss of only seventeen U-boats, the author concluded that
the Germans did not exploit all available opportunities that may have allowed them to achieve an even
greater operational success in the prosecution of the Battle of the Atlantic.
Herlin, Hans. Les damnés de l'Atlantique. Paris, Éditions France-Empire, [1960]. 300
p.
French translation of Verdammter Atlantik.
________. Verdammter Atlantik: Schicksale deutscher U-Boot-Fahrer:

Tatsachenbericht. Sonderausg. Dusseldorf: Econ, c1981. 317 p.
Originially published: Hamburg: Nannen Verlag, [1960, c1959].
Herzog, Bodo. Kapitanleutnant Otto Steinbrinck; die Geschichte des

erfolgreichsten U-Boot-Kommandanten in den Gewassern um England. Krefeld, H.
Ruhl, [1963]. 223 p.
________. U-Boote im Einsatz. U-Boats in action. 1939-1945. Eine

Bilddokumentation [translated by von Sigrun und Ulrich Elfrath. Dorheim, Podzun-
Verlag, [1970]. 256 p.
________ und Gunter Schomaekers. Ritter der Tiefe--Graue Wölfe; die

erfolgreichsten U-Boot-Kommandanten der Welt des Ersten und Zweiten
Weltkrieges. München, Wels, Verlag Welsermuhl, [1965]. 563 p.
Hessler, Gunter, comp. and Andrew J. Withers. The U-boat war in the Atlantic, 1939-
1945: German naval history. facsimile edition. London: H.M.S.O., 1989. (German
naval history). 3 v. in 1.
Hickam, Homer H. Torpedo junction: U-boat war off America's East Coast, 1942.
235
Hirschfeld, Wolfgang. Das letzte Boot: Atlantik farewell. München: Universitas,
c1989. 332 p.
________. Feindfahrten: das Logbuch eines U-Boot-Funkers. Wien: Neff, c1982.

384 p.
________. Feindfahrten: das Logbuch eines U-Boot-Funkers. Berlin; Darmstadt;

Wien: Dt. Buch-Gemeinschaft, [1984]. 384 p.
________. Feindfahrten: das Logbuch eines U-Boot-Funkers. Gütersloh: Prisma-

Verlag, 1986. 384 p.
________. Feindfahrten: das Logbuch eines U-Boot-Funkers. Klagenfurt: Kaiser, c

1991. 383 p.
________. Hirschfeld: the secret diary of a U-boat. London: Cassell, 2000. (Cassell
military paperbacks). 255 p.
________. Hirschfeld: the story of a U-boat NCO, 1940-1946. Annapolis, MD: Naval
Hogel, Georg. Embleme, Wappen, Malings deutscher U-Boote 1939-1945. Herford:

Koehlers, c1987. 316 p.
________. Embleme, Wappen, Malings deutscher U-Boote 1939-1945. 3. erw. Aufl.

Hamburg: Koehler, c1996. 227 p.
________. U-boat emblems of World War II. Atglen, PA: Schiffer, c1999. (Schiffer
military history). 227 p.
English translation of Embleme, Wappen, Malings deutscher U-Boote 1939-1945.
How, Douglas. Night of the Caribou. Hantsport, N.S.: Lancelot Press, 1988. 153 p.
Hoyt, Edwin Palmer. The death of the U-boats. New York: McGraw-Hill, c1988. 248 p.
________. The sea wolves: Germany's dreaded U-boats of WW II. New York,
Lancer Books, [1972]. 160 p.
________. The U-boat wars. New York: Stein & Day, 1986, c1984. 242 p.
Originally published: New York: Arbor House, c1984.
________. U-boats: a pictorial history. New York: McGraw-Hill, c1987. 289 p.

236
________. U-boats offshore: when Hitler struck America. New York: Stein & Day,
c1978. 278 p.
________. U-boats offshore: when Hitler struck America. 1st Scarborough House
pbk. ed. Chelsea, MI: Scarborough House; Chicago, IL: Distributed by Independent
Publishers Group, 1990. 278 p.
Ireland, Bernard. Battle of the Atlantic. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c2003.
232 p.
Originally published: Barnsley [U.K.]: Leo Cooper, 2003
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D770 .I735 2003.
Jackson, Carlton. Allied secret: the sinking of the HMT Rohna. Norman, OK:
University of Oklahoma Press, 2001. 207 p.
Originally published: Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1997, as Forgotten tragedy:
the sinking of HMT Rohna.
Jackson, Robert. Kriegsmarine: the illustrated history of the German Navy in WW II.
London: Aurum, 2001. 176 p.
Also published: Osceola, WI: MBI Pub. Co., 2001.
Johr, Barbara, Hartmut Roder and Thomas Mitscherlich. Der Bunker: ein Beispiel
nationalsozialistischen Wahns: Bremen-Farge 1943-45. Bremen: Edition Temmen,
1989. 68 p.
Jones, Geoffrey Patrick. Autumn of the U-boats. London: W. Kimber, 1984. 224 p.
________. Defeat of the wolf packs. London: William Kimber, 1986. 223 p.
________. Defeat of the wolf packs. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1987, c1986. 223 p.
________. The month of the lost U-boats. London: Kimber, 1977. 207 p.
________. Submarines versus U-boats. London: W. Kimber, 1986. 224 p.
________. U-boat aces and their fates. London: Kimber, 1988. 256 p.
Jouan, René. La Marine allemande dans la seconde guerre mondiale, d'aprés les
Conférences navales de Führer. Paris, Payot, 1949. 304 p.
Just, Paul. Vom Seeflieger zum Uboot-Fahrer: Feindflüge u. Feindfahrten 1939-

1945. Aufl. Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verlag, 1979. 220 p.
237
Kaden, Wolfgang. Auf Ubootjagd gegen England. 2. aufl. Leipzig, Hase & Koehler,
[1941, reprinted 1942]. 203 p.
Kahn, David. Seizing the enigma: the race to break the German U-boat codes, 1939-
1943. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1991. 336 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D810.C88 K34 1991
Kaplan, Philip and Jack Currie. Wolfpack: U-boats at war, 1939-1945. Annapolis, MD:
Originally published: London: Aurum Press, 1997.
Karzhavin, Boris Aleksandrovich and Gunter Fuhrmann. Nemetskaia podvodnaia

lodka U-250: novye dokumenty I fakty. Sankt-Peterburg: Nevskoe vremia, 1996. 71
p.
Original Russian text was published in 1994 in a German translation under title: Das
Deutsche Unterseeboot U-250. The present edition was translated from the 1984
German translation into Russian.
Keatts, Henry and George Farr. U-boats. Houston, TX: Pisces Books, c1994. 224 p.
Originally published: Kings Point, NY: American Merchant Marine Museum Press, United
States Merchant Marine Academy; Eastport, NY: Distributed by Fathom Press, c1986.
Kelshall, Gaylord. The U-boat war in the Caribbean. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute
Press, c1994. 514 p.
Originally published: Port of Spain, Trinidad, West Indies: Paria Pub. Co., 1988.
________. U-Bootkrieg in der Karibik 1942 – 1945 [translated by Hans-Jürgen

Steffen]. Hamburg; Berlin; Bonn: Mittler, 1999. 336 p.
German translation of The U-boat war in the Caribbean.
Kemp, Paul. U-boats destroyed: German submarine losses in the World Wars.
Kemp. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997. 288 p.
King, Joyce E. Admiral Karl Doenitz: A Legacy of Leadership. Newport, RI: Naval
War College; Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA,
1995. (ADA297842). 23 p.
Abstract: A study of the operational leadership exhibited by ADM Karl Doenitz, Commander in Chief,
Submarines, German Navy, during World War II. An examination of his planning, preparation and conduct
of the U-boat war in the Atlantic Theater of Operations against the British, and later, the Americans. His
objective of sinking the merchant fleet of the British nearly brought Britain to defeat. He displayed great
talent in his dedicated fight for resources, innovative tactics of using wolfpacks, his intensive training
program and unique command and control system, of these innovations enabled him to maximize use of his
limited resources in the optimum way possible to achieve the strategic and operational objectives in the
theater. He was also a master of operational maneuver and shifted his focus and his assets within his
theater to take advantage of allied vulnerabilities. His personal character traits served him well as he
238
inspired trust and unparalleled loyalty from his subordinates. His operational thinking and practice of
operational art throughout this campaign remain a relevant model of operational leadership.
Kludas, Arnold. Technikmuseum Wilhelm Bauer. Bremerhaven: A. Kludas, 1984. 44

p.
Koop, Gerhard. Kampf und Untergang der deutschen U-Boot-Waffe: eine Bilanz in
Wort und Bild aus der Sicht des Gegners. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe, c1998. 223 p.
Korganoff, Alexandre. Le Mystère de Scapa Flow. Paris, Arthaud: 1969. 272 p.
________. The phantom of Scapa Flow [translated from the French by W. Strachan
and D. M. Strachan]. London: Allan, 1974. 235 p.
English translation of Le Mystère de Scapa Flow.
________. Prien gegen Scapa Flow: Tatsachen, Geheimnisse, Legenden [Übers. ins
Dt. besorgte Hans u. Hanne Meckel]. 1. Aufl.. Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verlag, 1977. 228 p.
German translation of The phantom of Scapa Flow.
________. Prien gegen Scapa Flow: Tatsachen, Geheimnisse, Legenden [Übers. ins
Dt. besorgte Hans u. Hanne Meckel]. 3. Aufl.. Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verl., 1989. 228 p.
________. Prien proti Scapa Flow [Czech transl. by V. Pauer]. - Vyd. 1. - Plzen:
Mustang, 1994. 135 p.
Czech translation of The phantom of Scapa Flow.
Kosich, Francis X. Strategic Implications of the Battle of the Atlantic. Carlisle

Barracks, PA: Army War College; Available from National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA, 2000. (ADA378290). 26 p.
Abstract: The battle of the Atlantic is perhaps the most pivotal battle of the Second World War. In it,
Germany's use of asymmetric warfare, mines and submarines, once again threatened Britain's economic
survival. Although Hitler correctly identified Britain's economy as its center of gravity and had success in
attacking it through 1943, he failed to demonstrate the strategic vision necessary to achieve a decisive
victory in the Atlantic. Hitler failed because he did not grasp the impact that submarine warfare had in
WWII, he wanted a quick, decisive victory like Poland, and he underestimated both the will of the British
leadership and the industrial capacity of the United States. Allied success in this campaign enabled the
successful prosecution of the war on the European continent through the sallyport of England. From an
Allied perspective the Atlantic became the proving ground for the advancement of the carrier-based navy
and emerging technology, gave Roosevelt a means with which to invigorate an isolationist society, and gave
Britain the time she needed to develop and improve measures to fight the asymmetric threat confronting
them. This study looks at the battle of the Atlantic in closer detail while examining Hitler's overarching
strategic objectives and those in this decisive theater in an attempt to explain why Hitler allowed it to simply
run its course.
239
Kraft, Helmut J. Submarinos alemanes en Argentina. Córdoba: Editorial PUMA, 1998.
171 p.
Krause, Günter. U-Boot-Alarm: zur Geschichte der U-Boot-Abwehr 1914-1945.

Berlin: Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, c1998. 255 p.
Kühn, Volkmar [pseud.] -- see Kurowski, Franz.
Kurowski, Franz. [Also uses the following pseudonyms: K(arl) Alman, Heinrich Bernig,
Rüdiger Greif, Franz K. Kaufmann, Volkmar Kühn, Jason Meeker, Gloria Mellina,
Joh(anna) Schulz, Hermann Schulze-Dierschau, Heinrich Schulze-Dirschau, Franz
Kurowski-Tornau].
________. An alle Wölfe, Angriff!: deutsche U-Boot-Kommandanten im Einsatz,

1939-1945. Friedberg/H.: Podzun-Pallas, c1986. 525 p.
________. An alle Wölfe: Angriff!: U-Boote, Crews und Kommandanten im

Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939 - 1945. Herrsching: Pawlak, 1990. 525 p.
________. An alle Wölfe: Angriff!: U-Boote, Crews und Kommandanten im

Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939 - 1945. Utting: Ed. Dörfler im Nebel-Verl., [2000]. 525 p.
________. Angriff, ran, versenken; die U-Bootschlacht im Atlantik. Rastatt, E.

Pabel, [1965]. 326 p.
________. Angriff, ran, versenken!: Die U-Boot-Schlacht im Atlantik. Rastatt:

Pabel, c1975. 350 p.
________. Angriff, ran, versenken!: die U-Boot-Schlacht im Atlantik. Rastatt:

Moewig, 1998. 350 p.
________. Graue Wölfe in blauer See: Der Einsatz d. dt. U-Boote im Mittelmeer.
Rastatt: Pabel, 1967. 310 p.
________. Graue Wölfe in blauer See: der Einsatz der deutschen U-Boote im
Mittelmeer; Tatsachenbericht. 8. Aufl. München: Heyne, 1995. 315 p.
Originally published: München: Heyne, 1980.
________. Günther Prien: der "Wolf" und sein Admiral. Leoni am Starnberger See:
Druffel, 1981. 288 p.
________. Günther Prien: ein deutsches U-Boot in der britischen Flottenbasis

Scapa Flow. Rastatt: E. Pabel, c1986. (Deutsche Wehrmacht im II. Weltkrieg). 108 p.
________. Jäger der sieben Meere. Die berühmtesten U-Boot-Kommandanten des

II. Weltkriegs. Stuttgart: Motorbuch, 1994. 508 p.
240
________. Kampffeld Mittelmeer. Herford: Koehler, c1984. 251 p.
________. Knight's Cross holders of the U-boat service [translated from the
German by David Johnston]. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., c1995. (Schiffer military
history). 307 p.
English translation of Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes der U-
Bootwaffe 1939-1945
________. Krieg unter Wasser. Rastatt: Moewig, 1986. 478 p.

Originally published: [Rastatt]: Moewig, 1982.
________. Krieg unter Wasser: U-Boote auf d. sieben Meeren, 1939-1945. 1. Aufl.
Dusseldorf; Wien: Econ-Verlag, 1979. 478 p.
________. Krieg unter Wasser: U-Boote auf d. 7 Meeren 1939 - 1945. Berlin;
Darmstadt; Wien: Dt. Buch-Gemeinschaft, [1981]. 478 p.
________. Krieg unter Wasser: U-Boote auf d. 7 Meeren 1939 - 1945. Herrsching:
Pawlak, 1984. 478 p.
________. Krieg unter Wasser: U-Boote auf den sieben Meeren 1939 - 1945.
Berecht. Ausg. Klagenfurt: Kaiser, [1993]. 400 p.
________. Der letzte Torpedo: U 201 auf grosser Fahrt. Balve i.W.: Zimmermann,
[1960]. 271 p.
________. Ritter der sieben Meere: Chronik e. Opfergangs. Ritterkreuzträger d. U-

Boots-Waffe. - 2. Aufl. Rastatt: Pabel, [1964]. 304 p.
Originally published: Rastatt: Pabel, 1963.
________. Tödlicher Atlantik: d. grösste Geleitzugschlacht d. 2. Weltkrieges.

Eltville/Rhein: WTB-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1975. 187 p.
________. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes der U-Bootwaffe
1939-1945: die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges der
U-Bootwaffe. Friedberg/H.: Podzun-Pallas, c1987. 80 p.
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________. Wolfgang Lüth: der erfolgreichste U-Boot-Kommandant des Zweiten

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243
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244
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245
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253
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Gothling, U-26; 7. Hermann Frubrich, U-845; 8. Hermann Wien, U-180; 9. Otto Dietz, U-
180, U-505; 10. Tom Poser, U-222; 11. Wolfgang von Bartenwerffer, U-536; 12. U-682
and U-735; 13. Oskar Kusch, U-154; 14. Siegfried Koitschka, U-616; 15. Hans Georg
Hess, U-995; 16. Walter Tegtmeier, U-597, U-718, U-997; 17. Josef Matthes, U-963; 18.
Helmut Wehlte, U-903, and Gunther Thiemrodt, U-1205; 19. Peter Petersen, U-518; 20.
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The story of Izrail´ Fisanovich, commander of the mini-sub M-172..
265
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1994. (Podvodnoe korablestroenie: proshloe, nastoiashchee, budushchee; vyp. 5). 60
p.
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Riffaud sous la redaction d'Oleg Tarassenkov]. Moscou, Editions du Progres, [1967].
421 p.
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________. Submarines in Arctic waters; memoirs [translated from the Russian by

David Skvirsky]. Moscow, Progress Publishers, [1966]. 252 p.
English translation of V glubinakh poliarnykh morei.
________. Submarines in Arctic waters; memoirs [translated from the Russian by

David Skvirsky]. New York: Universal Distributors Company, 1966. 253 p.
English translation of V glubinakh poliarnykh morei.
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memuary). 327 p.
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NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VA593 .L45 1987
Livshits, I. A. and IU. A. PanteleeVA. Podvodnoe korablestroenie v Rossii, 1900-

1917; sbornik dokumentov. [Leningrad], Sudostroenie, 1965. 402 p.
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________. Vertikal'noe vsplytie: zapiski podvodnika. Sankt-Peterburg: "Nauka",

1995. 533 p.
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267
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Mefkure im Schwarzen Meer (Februar 1942, August 1944); Historische
Untersuchung. Frankfurt/M.: Bernard & Graefe, 1965. 153 p.
“Rohwer was the first to uncover the submarine records with the break-up of the Soviet
Union. A Russian submarine commander, Lt Denezhko was given a "medal" for his
"heroic" action of killing all these defenceless people.”
http://www.dangoor.com/73page120.html
Romanov, D. A. Tragediia podvodnoi lodki "Komsomolets": argumenty

konstruktora. Sankt-Peterburg: Assotsiatsiia izdatelei, 1993. 189 p.
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1984. 515 p.
Sunk by the S-13 after leaving Gydnia (Gotenhafen) on January 30, 1945.
________. Ostsee '45: Menschen, Schiffe, Schicksale; d. umfassende

Dokumentarbericht über d. grösste Rettungswerk d. Seegeschichte; d. Rettung
von mehr als 2 Millionen Menschen mit Schiffen d. Dt. Handels- u. Kriegsmarine
1944, 45 über d. Ostsee u.d. Schiffsuntergänge "Wilhelm Gustloff", "General
Steuben", "Goya", "Cap Arcona" 1945 in d. Ostsee. 1. Aufl. Stuttgart: Motorbuch-
Verlag, 1983. 696 p.
________. SOS Wilhelm Gustloff: die größte Schiffskatastrophe der Geschichte. 1.

Aufl. Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verl., 1998. 254 p.
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Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1996. (Bluejacket books). 159 p.
Originally published: London: A. Wingate, 1973.
Sunk by the S-13 after leaving Gydnia (Gotenhafen) on January 30, 1945.
268
Shakhov, Sergei Sergeevich. Atakuet "Shchuka". Moskva, Voen. izd-vo, 1967.
(Rasskazyvaiut frontoviki). 94 p.
Shigin, Vladimir. Nad bezdnoi. Moskva: "Andreevskii flag", 1997. (Tainy minuvshego).
284 p.
Spassky, I. D., V.P. Semyonov, and Norman Polmar, eds. Submarines of the tsarist
navy: a pictorial history. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1998. 94 p.
NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY V859.R8 S83 1998
Starikov, Valentin Georgievich. Na boevom kurse / Literaturnaia obrabotka N.

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publication; no. 89-20X). 33 p.
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Monica, CA: Rand Corp., 1983. (Report No.: P-6910). 25 p.
Strizhak, Oleg. Sekrety Baltiiskogo podplava: ne utait' v glubinakh flotskikh

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[Leningrad], Lenizdat, 1963. 333 p.
Trusov, Grigorii Martynovich. Podvodnye lodki v russkom i sovetskom flote. Izd. 2.,
ispr. i dop. Pod red. V. IA. VeresoVA Leningrad, Gos. soiuznoe izd-vo sudostroit.
promyshl., 1963. 439 p.
Tully, John M. Russia's Submarine Force: determinants and prospects. Monterey,

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs), Naval Postgraduate School, 2001.
Abstract: This thesis analyzes the factors likely to shape the future of the Russian submarine force. It
examines key events affecting this force since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, and explores the
determinants of these events. The Russian Federation inherited a huge submarine fleet from the Soviet
Union. Due to the changing conditions in the world and in Russia, its future status is in doubt. The thesis
begins by analyzing the development and roles of the Soviet submarine force. It then considers the four
most significant factors that have affected the submarine force since 1991: 1) Russia's poor economic
performance, 2) Russia's changing national security requirements, 3) competition from the other military
services for a limited defense budget, and 4) changes within the military and society . The thesis concludes
that the Russian submarine force is unlikely to undergo a major revival. The most probable scenario
269
involves a smaller and less capable force. The most influential factors may be Russia's economic
performance and the military reform plans of Russian President Vladimir Putin and Defense Minister Sergey
Ivanov.
Electronic access: http://theses.nps.navy.mil/Thesis_01jun_Tully.pdf
Tymoshchenko, Borys. Pam'iatnyk: dokumental'na povist'. L'viv: "Kameniar", 1995.

45 p.
Varner, Roy and Wayne Collier. A matter of risk: the incredible inside story of the
CIA's Hughes Glomar Explorer mission to raise a Russian submarine. London:
Hodder & Stoughton, 1979, c1978. 258 p.
Originally published: New York: Random House, c1978.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL VB230 .V28
Vinogradov, N. I. Podvodnyi front. Moskva: Voen. izd-vo, 1989. (Voennye memuary).

316 p.
Weir, Gary E. and Walter J. Boyne. Rising tide. New York: Basic Books, 2003. 304 p.
Contents: 1. Stalin's grand plan -- 2. Cruises and troubles -- 3. The Cuban Missile Crisis
-- 4. The ever present danger -- 5. An uncertain nuclear beginning -- 6. A variety of
intelligence gathering methods -- 7. Improving the breed -- 8. An insider's view of the
mystery of the Kursk.
Zinger, Maks Emmanuilovich. Geroi Sovetskogo soiuza I.A. Kolyshkin. Moskva:

Voennoe izd-vo Ministerstva vooruzhennykh sil SSSR, 1949. 87 p.
SUBMARINES -- RUSSIAN/SOVIET – NUCLEAR
Aleshin, Vasilii Sergeevich, Nikolai Mikhailovich Kuznetsov and Ashot Arakelovich

Sarkisov. Sudovye iadernye reaktory. 1968. 491 p.
Antonov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich. Pervoe pokolenie atomokhodov SKB-143. Sankt-

Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburgskoe morskoe biuro mashinostroeniia "Malakhit", 1996.
(Podvodnoe korablestroenie--proshloe, nastoiashchee, budushchee; vyp. 6). 73 p.
________, Walerie Marinin, and Nikolai Walujew. Sowjetische-russische Atom-U-

Boote: Gefahr aus der Tiefe. Berlin: Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, c1998. 144 p.
Bártl, Stanislav. Stíny morských hlubin. 1. vyd. Praha, CTK-Pragopress, t. Mír 1,,
1971. 211 p.
________. Stíny morských hlubin: dobrodruzství atomových ponorek. Praha:

Mladá fronta, 1989. (Edice Archiv; sv. 59). 221 p.
270
Berezhnoi, S. S. Atomnye podvodnye lodki VMF SSSR i Rossii. Moskva: Naval
Kollektsiia, 2001. (Naval Kollektsiia: Morskoi istoricheskii al´manakh; vyp.7). 80 p.
Bukalov, Valerii Mikhailovich and Aleksandr Abdugaparovich Narusbaev. Proektirovanie

atomnykh podvodnykh lodok. 1964. 287 p.
________. and ________ Proektirovanie atomnykh podvodnykh lodok. 1968. 334

p.
Burleson, Clyde W. Kursk down!: the shocking true story of the sinking of a
Russian nuclear submarine. New York: Warner Books, c2002. 261 p.
Bykhosvkii, Izrail´ Adol´fovich. Atom-U-Boote [Übers.: Eugen Arnold]. Berlin, Verlag

des Ministeriums für Nationale Verteidigung, 1959. 119 p.
German translation of Atomnye podvodnye lodki.
________. Atomnye podvodnye lodki. 1957.
________. Atomnye podvodnye lodki. 2-e, perer. i dop. izd. Leningrad: Gos.
soiuznoe izd-vo sudostroit. promyshl., 1963. 230 p.
________. Boevye atomnye korabli stran NATO. 1959. 51 p.
Cherkashin, Nikolai. "Khirosima" vsplyvaet v polden´: geroi i zhertvy pervogo

sovetskogo strategicheskogo podvodnogo kreisera-raketonostsa K-19. Moskva:
"Andreevskii flag", 1993. (Vakhtennyi zhurnal. Avariinaia trevoga). 80 p.
________. Unesennye bezdnoi: gibel' "Kurska": khronika, versii, sud'by. Moskva:

Kollektsiia "Sovershenno sekretno", 2001. 318 p.
Chernavin, V. N. Atomnyi podvodnyi--: flot v sud´be Rossii: razmyshleniia posle

shtormov i pokhodov. Moskva: "Andreevskii flag", 1997. (Rossiiskaia morskaia
biblioteka). 470 p.
Droblenkov, Viktor Feoktistovich and Vladimir Nikolaevich Gerasimov. Ugroza iz

glubiny. 1966. 306 p.
Giltsov, Lev, Nicolaï Mormoul and Leonid Ossipenko. La dramatique histoire des
sous-marins nucléaires soviétiques: des exploits, des échecs, et des
catastrophes cachées pendant trente ans. Paris: R. Laffont, c1992. (Collection
"Vécu"). 357 p.
Kellogg, Sanoma Lee and Elizabeth J. Kirk, eds. Reducing wastes from
decommissioned nuclear submarines in the Russian Northwest: political,
technical, and economic aspects of international cooperation: proceedings from
the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Recycling, Remediation, and
271
Restoration Strategies for Contaminated Civilian and Military Sites in the Arctic Far
North," Kirkenes, Norway, 24 to 28 June, 1996. Washington, DC: American
Association for the Advancement of Science, 1997. 221 p.
Kholostov, Dmitrii Ivanovich. Sredstva korablevozhdeniεa podvodnykh

atomokhodov. Moskva, Voen. izd-vo, 1967. 210 p.
Kirk, Elizabeth J., ed. Decommissioned submarines in the Russian Northwest:

assessing and eliminating risks (Proceedings of NATO Advanced Research
Workshop on Recycling, Remediation and Restoration Strategies for Contaminated
Civilian and Military Sites in the Arctic Far North (1996: Kirkenes, Norway).
Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1997. (NATO ASI series. Partnership
sub-series 2, Environment; 32). 179 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL TD898.14.R8 D43 1997
Kostev, Georgii Georgievich. Nuclear safety challenges in the operation and

dismantlement of Russian nuclear submarines. Moscow: Committee for Critical
Technologies and Non-Proliferation, 1997. 142 p.
English translation of Problemy bezopasnosti pri ekspluatatsii i utilizatsii atomnykh
podvodnykh lodok.
________. Problemy bezopasnosti pri ekspluatatsii i utilizatsii atomnykh

podvodnykh lodok. Moskva: Kom-t po kriticheskim tekhnologiiam i nerasprostraneniiu,
1997. 138 p.
Krupnick, Charles. Decommissioned Russian nuclear submarines and international

cooperation. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2001. 260 p.
NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL TD898.13.R8 K78 2001
Kurushin, M. Podvodnaia lodka "Kursk": rozhdenie, zhizn´, versii gibeli,

podrobnosti. Moskva: "Olimp": Izd-vo AST, 2000. 157 p.
Kuznetsov, Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Komponovka i raschet reaktorov sudovykh

iadernykh ustanovok. Utverzhdeno v kachestve ucheb. posobiia dlia
sudomekhanicheskikh fakul´tetov vysshikh inzhenernykh morskikh uchilishch. i
Odesskogo in-ta inzhenerov morskogo flota. Moskva, Transport, 1966. 218 p.
________. Sudovye iadernye reaktory: osnovy teorii i ekspluatatsii. Ucheb. izd.

Leningrad: "Sudostroenie", 1988. 262 p.
Lazarev, Nikolai Mikhailovich. Pervye sovetskie atomnye podvodnye lodki i ikh

voennaia priemka. Sankt-Peterburg: Sankt-Peterburgskoe morskoe biuro
mashinostroeniia "Malakhit", 1996. (Podvodnoe korablestroenie--proshloe,
nastoiashchee, budushchee; vyp. 7). 184 p.
272
________. Pervye sovetskie atomnye podvodnye lodki: u istokov atomnogo
voennogo korablestroeniia: trudnosti i uspekhi, liudi, sobytiia, fakty. Izd. 2.
Moskva: Paleia, 1997. 227 p.
Maziuk, Igor'. IAdernaia ruletka Kremlia: drama atomnykh submarin SSSR.

Sevastopol': Izd-vo "Flot Ukrainy", 2000. 218 p.
Mezhenkov, Vladimir. Atomnaia podlodka "Kursk": khronika gibeli. Moskva

Izdatel´skii dom "Pushkinskaia ploshchad´", 2000. 328 p.
Moore, Robert. A time to die: the untold story of the Kursk tragedy. Crown
Publishers, c2002. 271 p.
Mormul´, Nikolai. Atomnye, unikalńye, strategicheskie: zapiski ispytatelia

atomnykh podvodnykh lodok. Murmansk: Izdatel´skii Dom "999", 1997. 265 p.
Osipenko, Leonid. Podvodniki: zapiski komandira pervoi atomnoi podvodnoi

lodki. Volgograd: Komitet po pechati i informatsii, 1997. 158 p.
________, Lev Zhil´tsov, Nikolai Mormul´. Atomnaia podvodnaia epopeia: podvigi,

neudachi, katastrofy. Moskva: AO "Borges", 1994. 350 p.
Savichev, Gennadii Aleksandrovich. Pod vodoi vokrug Zemli. 1967. 78 p.
________. Sluzhba morskaia. Moskva: DOSAAF, 1977. 110 p.
Sengling, Bettina and Johannes Voswinkel. Die Kursk; Tauchfahrt in den Tod.
Deutsche V.-A., Stgt., 2001. 287 p.
Shamanov, Nikolai Pavlovich and Gennadii Efimovich Romantsov. Sudovye iadernye

energeticheskie reaktory: osnovy teorii i rascheta. Leningrad: "Sudostroenie",
1984. 230 p.
Shigin, V. V. APRK "Kursk": Posleslovie k tragedii. Moskva: OLMA-Press, 2002.

447 p.
________. Taina ischeznuvshei submariny: Zapiski ochevidtsa spasatelńoi

operatsii APRK "Kursk". Moskva: OLMA-Press, 2001. 416 p.
Snell, Benjamin Aaron. Dismantling Russia's Northern Fleet Nuclear Submarines

environmental and proliferation risks. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School;
(ADA378654). 74 p.
Thesis (M.A. in National Securty Affairs), Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.
Abstract: This thesis examines the 1986 Chernobyl accident and its consequences as the basis for an
analysis of the possible dimensions of the nuclear catastrophes that could occur during the dismantlement
process of Russia's Northern Fleet nuclear submarines. It assesses the potential demographic, ecological,
273
and economic consequences of a nuclear accident. Given the systemic problems at Russian nuclear
facilities, the risks of a catastrophic event in the poorly maintained and operated submarine yards housing
over 100 operating nuclear reactors are significant. A major nuclear accident at these facilities could cause
damage to the environment of global proportions. This thesis considers the potential environmental impact
of a nuclear accident during the nuclear submarine dismantlement process and discusses the
environmental damage that has already occurred as a result of Soviet and Russian practices. This thesis
also evaluates the risk of diversion of nuclear materials to proliferators or terrorists. Lastly, this thesis
examines how the United States, the European Union, and perhaps others could assist Russia in reducing
the environmental and proliferation risks in this dismantlement process.
Electronic access: http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/00Jun_Snell.pdf
Sorokin, Anatolii Ivanovich. My s atomnykh. Moskva, Izd-vo DOSAAF, [1968]. 112 p.
________. My s atomnykh. 2-e dop. i pererab. izd. Moskva, Izd-vo DOSAAF, 1972.
(Za chest' i slavu Rodiny). 253 p.
Stoecker, Sally W. Life aboard a Soviet destroyer and a Soviet submarine. Santa
Monica, CA: Rand Corp., [1983]. (P-6910). 5 p.
Sviatov, Georgii Ivanovich. Atomnye podvodnye lodki. Moskva, Voenizdat, 1969.

(Nauchno-populiarnaia biblioteka). 176 p.
Timofeev, Riurik Aleksandrovich. K Severnomu poliusu na pervoi atomnoi. Sankt-

Peterburg: Sankt-Peterburgskoe morskoe biuro mashinostroeniia "Malakhit", 1995.
(Podvodnoe korablestroenie--Proshloe, nastoiashchee, budushchee; vyp. 4). 86 p.
Zapol´skii, Anatolii Aleksandrovich. Rakety startuiut s moria. Sankt-Peterburg: Sankt-

Peterburgskoe morskoe biuro mashinostroeniia "Malakhit", 1994. (Podvodnoe
korablestroenie, proshloe, nastoiashchee, budushchee; vyp. 2). 151 p.
________. Strategicheskim raketonostsam--byt'! Sankt-Peterburg: SPMBM

"Malakhit", 1998. (Podvodnoe korablestroenie, proshloe, nastoiashchee, budushchee;
vyp. 11). 194 p.
SUBMARINES -- SWEDISH -- GENERAL
Bergström, Lars & Klas Åma, eds. Ubåtsfrågan: en kritisk granskning av den
svenska nutidshistoriens viktigaste säkerhetspolitiska dilemma. Uppsala:
Verdandi, 1999. (Verdandi-debatt; 88). 199 p.
Ellerström, Hans. Swedish submarines: Swedish export submarines. 5. ed.

[Malmö]: [Kockums AB], [1997]. 40 p.
SUBMARINES -- TURKISH -- GENERAL
274
Metel, Raþit. Türk denizaltýcýlýk tarihi. Ýstanbul: Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanlýðý,
1960-1980. 1 v.
SUBMARINES -- YUGOSLAV -- GENERAL
de Majnik, John. Diary of a submariner: the first hand story of the daring escape
of a Yugoslav submarine and her crew from the Germans during World War II.
Inglewood W.A., Australia: Asgard Press, 1996. 93 p.
275
PERIODICAL ARTICLES
SUBMARINES -- GENERAL
Abele, Bradford L. “The Loss of USS GRUNION,” Submarine Review 94-97 July 2002.
Ackley, Richard T. “Submarines for the 21st Century?” Submarine Review 57-60 April
1993.
Adams, Allan. “Leveraging submarine power in the 21st century,” Submarine Review
16-24 October 1998.
“Advance in Size of Submarines,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 38(2):762

June 1912.
Alden, John D. “Hell Ship of Convoy MATA-30; U.S. POWs and U.S. Submarines,”
Submarine Review 83-90 October 1999.
________. “Loss of Grunion possibly explained,” Submarine Review 72-74 April

1998..
________. “Ultra Revisited,” Submarine Review 37-43 April 1992.
________. "Unfaced Challenge: Submarine Versus Free World," U.S. Naval Institute
Proceedings 90(4):26 April 1964.
________. “The ups and downs of Electric Boat,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings
125(7):64-67 July 1999.
Alves, Dora. “Submarines in East Asia,” Submarine Review 58-66 October 1995.
Amidon, C. Philip. “The virtual submarine,” Naval Forces 20(3):54-55 Special Issue
1999.
"Anchors aweigh for submarine data,” Mechanical Engineering 120(11):18 November

1998.
Anderson, Jon. “A Changing World Beneath,” Navy Times 10 April 4, 1994.
Andrade, Ernest J. "Submarine policy in the United States Navy, 1919-1941," Military
Affairs 35(2):50-56 1971.
Annati, Massimo. “AIP (Air-Independent Propulsion) systems: A solution for everybody?”

Military Technology 20(11):107-108+ November 1996.
276
________. “Trends and requirements in torpedo development,” Military Technology
22(11):44-49 November 1998.
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Doughty, L. Jr. "Mistaken Attacks In World War,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings
60(12):1729 December 1934.
"'Eagle' Boats,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 44(4):838 April 1918.
"Efficiency of Submarine Chasers,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 43(4):791 April

1917.
"50-Mile Motor Boats to Rout Submarines,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings

41(4):1388 July/August 1915.
Furer, J.A. “The 110-ft. Submarine Chasers and Eagle Boats,” U.S. Naval Institute
Hazlett, E.E. Jr. “Austro-American Navy,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings

66(12):1757 December 1940.
"Illustration of Ford's Standardized Submarine Chaser,” U.S. Naval Institute

"Motor Boats as Submarine Chasers,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 42(4):1311

July/August 1916.
"Motor Boats as Submarine Destroyers for U.S. Navy,” U.S. Naval Institute
Proceedings 42(2):585 March/April 1916.
"Motor Patrol Boats of U.S. Navy (1916),” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings
42(4):1288 July/August 1916.
"Patrol Boats and Their Operations,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 43(7):1502 July
1917.
Raguet, E.G. “United States Submarine Chasers at Gibraltar November 1918,” U.S.
Naval Institute Proceedings 62(12):1703 December 1936.
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"Report on U.S. Patrol Boats 1916,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 42(6):2002
"Russian Submarine Chasers (1916),” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 42(1):237

"Sims Reports Submarine Chasers Unsatisfactory,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings

43(10):2311October 1917.
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"Submarine Chasers not up to Expectations,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings

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43(6):1251 June 1917.
Vicker, M. “PC Attacks,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 70(8):991 August 1944.
369
SUBMARINE WEBSITES
GENERAL
Warships Of The World (By Country’s Fleet)

http://www.warships1.com/index_ships.htm
Warships on the Web

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/aj.cashmore/index.html
Submarine World Network (mostly U.S. Links)

http://www.rontini.com/
Kockums Submarines (not just Swedish anymore)

http://www.submarines.com/Submarines/submarinesmain.html
SUBMARINE WEBSITES BY COUNTRY

AMERICAN
The Submarine (Official U.S. Navy Site)

http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/ships/submarines/
The Submarine Center

http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Quarters/9000/
DANFS Online: Submarines

http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/submar/
United States Navy Submarine Fleet

http://www.subnet.com/fleet/fleet.htm
AUSTRALIAN
Submarine Service Fact File

http://www.navy.gov.au/6_facts/3_submarine.htm
Discovery of the AE2 off Gallipoli in the Sea of Marmara

http://www.navy.gov.au/history/ae2/default.htm
Report on the Discovery of the AE2

http://www.navy.gov.au/history/ae2/1998report.pdf
370
BRITISH
BriTsub
http://www.britsub.net/
Royal Navy Submarines

http://members.iinet.net.au/~eadej/
British Submarines of World War II

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/wtv/ww2sm2wtv.html
Royal Navy Submarine Museum

http://www.rnsubmus.co.uk/welcome.htm
Warships.Net: The British Royal Navy, It's History, Ships and Men.
http://www.warships.net/royalnavy/rnshiptypes/submarines/
CANADIAN
Canadian Navy Victoria Class

http://www.navy.dnd.ca/mspa_fleet/vic_overview_e.asp
Canadian Navy of Yesterday and Today

http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/canada/
DUTCH
Submarines of the Royal Netherlands Navy 1906-2000

http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/
FRENCH
The French Navy's Submarines In July 1939

http://perso.wanadoo.fr/bertrand.daubigny/FSS39uk.htm
GERMAN
The U-boat War 1939-1945, with U-boat War in World War One
http://uboat.net/
371
The U-Boat Bases in France
http://www.uboat-bases.com/fr/index.php
ITALIAN
Submarines of the Italian Navy

http://www.sommergibili.com/
I Sommergibili Italiani
http://www.regiamarina.net/arsenals/ships_it/subs_it.htm
JAPANESE
Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy

http://www.combinedfleet.com/ss.htm
POLISH
THE POLISH NAVY 1918 - 1945 /A Short Story/

http://www.computerage.demon.co.uk/navy/index.html
SINGAPORE
The Riken Project

http://www.kockums.se/News/oldnews/riken.html
TURKISH
Welcome to the History of Turkish Submarines

http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Bunker/7704/
MIDGET SUBMARINES
Fine Scale Models
http://www.walruscarpenter.com/midget.html
WWII SUBMARINE HISTORY

The Bosun’s Website
372
http://www.bosun.net/index.html - home
WWII SUBMARINE STATISTICS

Statistics - Submarine Fleets over the 1939-1945 Wa
http://members.tripod.com/mackenziegregory/log/Underwater/30Statistics-
SubmarineFle.html
373

Submarine Warfare in The 20 & 21 Centuries: A Bibliography: TH ST

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Submarine Warfare in The 20 & 21 Centuries: A Bibliography: TH ST

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Submarine Warfare in the

Dudley Knox Library

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ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) 349

SUBMARINE CHASERS AND PATROL BOATS 368

MIDGET SUBMARINES 372

WWII SUBMARINE HISTORY 372

WWII SUBMARINE STATISTICS 373

Cable, James. Diplomacia de cañoneras: empleo político de fuerzas navales

________. Gunboat diplomacy 1919-1979: political applications of limited naval

________. Gunboat diplomacy 1919-1991: political applications of limited naval

Cowman, Ian. Dominion or decline: Anglo-American naval relations on the Pacific,

Diwald, Hellmut. Die Erben Poseidons: Seemachtpolitik im 20. Jahrhundert. 1. Aufl.

Dunaway, William Michael. Gunboat diplomacy in a new world order: strategic

George, James L. History of warships: from ancient times to the twenty-first

________. Collins/Jane's warships of World War II. Glasgow: HarperCollins

Modelski, George and William R. Thompson. Seapower in global politics, 1494-1993.

Murfett, Malcolm H. Fool-proof relations: the search for Anglo-American naval

Tucker, Spencer, et al., eds. Naval warfare: an international encyclopedia. Santa

Willmott, H. P. Sea warfare: weapons, tactics and strategy. Strettington, Chichester:

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- AMERICAN

Packard, Wyman H. A century of U.S. naval intelligence. Washington, DC: Office of

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL --AUSTRALIAN

Stevens, David. The Impact of the submarine threat on Australia's maritime

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- AUSTRIAN

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- BRAZILIAN

Vianna Filho, Arlindo. Estratégia naval brasileira: abordagem à história da

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- BRITISH

Cable, James. Britain's naval future. London: Macmillan, 1983. 220 p.

Dolby, James. The steel Navy: a history in silhouette 1860-1962. London:

Preston, Antony. Dreadnought to nuclear submarine. London: H.M. Stationery Off.;

Warner, Oliver. Cunningham of Hyndhope, Admiral of the Fleet: a memoir. London,

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE – GENERAL -- CANADIAN

Sarty, Roger F. The maritime defence of Canada. [Toronto]: Canadian Institute of

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- CHINESE

Huang, Alexander Chieh-cheng. Chinese maritime modernization and its security

Stepanov, E. D. Ekspansiia Kitaia na more. Moskva: Mezhdunar. otnosheniia, 1980.

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- FRENCH

Labouérie, Guy. Défense et océans: propos de marin, 1969-1994. Paris: ADDIM,

Laurens, Adolphe. Histoire de la guerre sous-marine allemande (1914-1918).

________. Précis d'histoire de la guerre navale, 1914-1918. Paris: Payot, 1929.

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- GERMAN

Breyer, Siegfried and Gerhard Koop. Die deutsche Kriegsmarine, 1935-1945:

________ and ________. The German navy at war, 1935-1945 [translated by

Epkenhans, Michael. Die wilhelminische Flottenrüstung, 1908-1914:

Pertek, Jerzy. Od Reichsmarine do Bundesmarine, 1918-1965. [Wyd. 1]. [Pozna´n]

Stang, Knut. Das zerbrechende Schiff: Seekriegsstrategien- und Rüstungsplanung

________. Der Aufbau der deutschen Weltmacht. Einmalige Ausg. Hamburg,

Witthöft, Hans Jürgen. Lexikon zur deutschen Marinegeschichte. 1. Aufl. Herford:

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- INDIAN

Roy-Chaudhury, Rahul. India's maritime security. New Delhi: Knowledge World in

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- IRANIAN

HISTORY OF NAVAL STRATEGY/WARFARE -- GENERAL -- ITALIAN

Bagnasco, Erminio. Le costruzioni navali della regia marina italiana (1861-1945).

Minardi, Salvatore. Il disarmo navale italiano (1919-1936): un confronto politico-

Hori, Motoyoshi. Kaiyo boetgaku nyumon. 1978. 274 p.

Jensen, Gustav. Japans seemacht; der schnelle aufstieg im kampf um

________. Seemacht Japan, der schnelle Aufstieg im Kampf um Selbstbehauptung

Jentschura, Hansgeorg, Dieter Jung, and Peter Mickel. Die japanischen

________. Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945 [translated by

________. Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945 [translated by

Sekine, Gunpei. Kokoku no kiki 1936-nen ni sonaeyo. Tokyo: Heisho Shuppansha,

Takagi, Sokichi. Jidenteki Nihon Kaigun shimatsuki: Teikoku Kaigun no uchi ni

________. Jidenteki Nihon Kaigun shimatsuki: Teikoku Kaigun no uchi ni

and . The German navy at war, 1935-1945 [translated by

and . The naval war in the Mediterranean 1940-1943.