2006-Ultimateflexural Strength Hollow Sections
2006-Ultimateflexural Strength Hollow Sections
2006-Ultimateflexural Strength Hollow Sections
are some
shaft type stagingfor supporting overheadwater tanks, other examples of structures which rely on strength of thin hollow
tower structures and chimneys. As per current Indian practice circular sections for their load resistance ability. These
structures are subjected to significantly large lateral loads
such sections are designed using working stress approach,
due to wind or earthquakes, in addition to direct compressive
which neither explicitly ensures safety against collapse nor
force which causesadditional flexural stresses.It is essential
results in economic design. Further, it is necessary that that thesestructural members are checkedat the ultimate-load
thesestructures are checkedfor the ultimate-load conditions conditions in view of large tensile stressescausedby horizontal
in view of large tensile stresses caused by horizontal loads loads due to earthquakes and wind, which is also stipulated
due to earthquake and strong wind conditions, which is in IS 456: 20001.
also stipulated in IS 456 : 2000. The analysis for ultimate
flexural strength involves selecting a position of neutral As per current Indian practice, for example, analysis of
axis in terms of an angle and calculating the ultimate axial the shaft type staging is performed in accordance with the
force and ultimate bending moment resisted by the resulting provisions of IS 11682 : 1985, which follows the Working
stress envelope of steel and concrete,for which IS 456 : 2000 StressDesign (WSD) approach, assuming elastic behaviour of
recommended material modelsfor limit state design method m~terials and use of permissible stresseson cracked section2.
Ho~ever, SectionB-4.3requires that such "members subjected
is used. Closed10rm expressions are presentedfor generating
tocombmed direct load and flexure shall be designed by limit
envelopesof ultimate flexural resistancein terms of axial force
statemethod". Even the earlier version IS 456 : 1978had similar
and bending moment interaction curve. For some commonly provision in its Section 46.3,where it required that "Members
occurring parameters, theseinteraction curves are also plotted . . . should be further checked for their strength under ultimate
in non-dimensional form, which can beeasily usedfor analysis load conditions to ensure the desired margin of safety, this
and design of thin RC hollow circular sections. check is especially necess:arywhen the bending moment is
due to horizontal loads.',3 For solid circular sections, many
Keywords: Hollow circular sections,ultimate strength,flexure, textbooks (such as by Dayaratnam) have provided necessary
P-M interaction. expressions to compute flexural strength in presenceof axial
loads as per Limit State Design (LSD) provisions4.
Hollow circular sections of reinforced concrete are often used Currently there are no Indian codesavailable for designing
for structural members that are to resist combined action of hollow circular sectionsby limit state design method and it has
axial and bending moments. Shaft type staging of elevated been a long felt need to develop such provisions, especially
.
December2006 The Indian Concrete Journal 39
as Part 2 of Indian chimney code, IS 4998: 19925. On the
other hand, internationally all major reinforced concrete
Concreteand
codes have addressed this issue and a detailed comparative Reinforcement in reinforcement in
tension
study is reported elsewhere6.These codes primarily differ in compression
the description of concrete stress-strain curve that is used in
developing the strength estimates.
Case 1: Neutral axis falls inside the section Similarly, the axial forces and moment due to stressesin
Assume that the neutral axis is located by angle Goand a1' a2' steel reinforcements are
and a3be the yield point angles:a1and a2corresponds to yield
strains of steel in compression and tension, respectively and dP lIS= pO"sIr da
a3corresponds to the concrete stain of 0.002at which concrete
reachesits peak strength. Consider an element da at an angle
a as shown in Fig 1. These angles can be expressed as under
dM us= pO",tr2cosa da (10)
cosa = (~ )
0.0035
(cos13 - cosao)+ cosao (1)
0.0035 (4)
2fcrctrda =21
p p
where E5is Young's modulus of steel (200 GPa), and E is
strain in concrete in the element da,O"ysc and are yield O"ysc
stressesin steel in tension and compression, respectively, with
appropriate partial safety factors. Stresses in concrete and
reinforcing bars can be given as
aj>a>13
~ )21 ao >a >a3
0.002 r (5)
.
December2006 The Indian Concrete Journal
41
Total bending moment Mil can be obtained by summing The integrals of (14) can be computed using expressions
as follows: as follows:
a.
M. =M.c +M", 2 factr2cosa.da = 20.45fcktr2cosa.da +
uf " (14)
f
= 2 J 0 ctr2 cosa.da + 2 po ,tr2 cosa.da
II II
9 I" tr2 da
Jct
cosj3-cosao
- 2pO"ys,tr2sma2
.
)6)
Acknowledgement
Acknowledgement is due to Council of Scientific and Indusmal
Research, New Delhi for providing funds for this research
under its Extra Mural ResearchScheme.
References
1. _Code of practice.forplain and reinforcedconcrete,IS 456 : 2000,Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi.
.1~