Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
The practical dye that will be used, methyl orange in powdered form, will be
solutions, reagents will be obtained from the Analytical Laboratory while the commercial
grade sodium chloride will come from the Bio-fuels Laboratory, Department of Chemical
Furthermore, for the determination of the free chlorine content of the electrolyzed
water, glycine and DPD (N,N Diethyl-1,4 phenylenediaminesulfate) tablets will be used
The glasswares that will be used in the experiment are graduated cylinders,
pipette, beaker, volumetric flask, screw-capped test tubes and Hach vials.
The equipment that will be used in reading the absorbance of the dye solution is
acidic electrolyzed water will be generated from Cawolo Disinfectant Generator CA-5,
while for the characterization of electrolyzed, pH and the free chlorine content of the
electrolyzed water, will be determined using the pH meter and Lovibond tintometer from
Furthermore, for the other equipments such as the analytical balance, which will
be used in the determination of the mass of the sample, the hot plate for the source of heat
for the effect of the temperature set-up, and the magnetic stirrer for the distribution of
heat throughout the system, these will be obtained in the analytical laboratory, DChE-
UPLB.
Three hundred milligrams of methyl orange dye powder will be dissolved in a one
(1) liter of distilled water using a 1-L volumetric flask, in order to obtain a 300 mg/L of
aqueous methyl orange solution that will be characterized based on its pH and color.
electrolyzed water. About 15 g of commercial grade NaCl will be prepared and will be
placed into the cup then 300 mL water will also be added. The salt solution that will be
formed will be stirred continuously until all the salt is completely dissolved. After this,
the salt solution will be poured into the generator tank and 200 mL of water will also be
dispensed into the generation tank together with the cup. Upon closing the cover, the
Cawolo Disinfectant Generator CA-5 will be plugged, a red LED light will be expected
to blink, which is the indication that the Cawolo Disinfectant Generator CA-5 is already
on. Then, the start button will be pressed and 20 minutes of electrolysis will be done until
the red LED light is turned off and the green LED light is started to blink which will be
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the signal that acidic electrolyzed water is generated. The acidic electrolyzed water that
will be produced will be characterized based on its free chlorine content and pH.
between the absorbance and the concentration of methyl orange solution will be
determined first. In order to obtain a standard curve, the sample (methyl orange solution)
can read its absorbance. The linear equation of the standard curve that will be obtained
Additionally, the determination of the free chlorine content that is responsible for
the decolorization of the aqueous methyl orange dye solution will also be obtained. This
will be done by using the method that was presented by Lovibond Water Testing with the
reagents glycine and DPD tablet. Furthermore, the concentration of methyl orange will be
In the parametric analysis of this experiment, in order to identify the effect of one
or two variables to another, two-level factorial design will be used. Table 3-1 shows the
constructed experimental design matrix for the four factors: concentration of aqueous
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methyl orange dye solution, electrolyzed water to aqueous methyl orange dye solution
Parameters
Volume ratio of
Concentration of
electrolyzed water to Reaction Reaction
Sample aqueous methyl
aqueous methyl Time, Temperature
# orange dye
orange dye hours (°C)
solution (ppm)
(mL/mL)
1 200 0.5: 9.5 2 RT
2 300 0.5: 9.5 2 RT
3 200 2: 8 2 RT
4 300 2: 8 2 RT
5 200 0.5: 9.5 8 RT
6 300 0.5: 9.5 8 RT
7 200 2: 8 8 RT
8 300 2: 8 8 RT
9 200 0.5:9.5 2 50
10 300 0.5:9.5 2 50
11 200 2:8 2 50
12 300 2:8 2 50
13 200 0.5:9.5 8 50
14 300 0.5:9.5 8 50
15 200 2:8 8 50
16 300 2:8 8 50
The stock solution will be diluted using different dilution factor which are within
the range of the spectrophotometer readings. A 100-mL of 10 ppm methyl orange dye
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solution will be prepared from the stock solution using the equation C1V1 = C2V2. Then a
100 mL of the target diluted concentrations for the aqueous methyl orange solution (0.1,
0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 ppm) will be prepared using the stock solution. The
maximum absorbance of the 10 ppm methyl orange dye solution at varying wave length
will be obtained using the spectrophotometer, and then using the same wavelength where
will be checked and recorded. An absorbance versus concentration standard curve will
then be plotted.
The prepared wastewater is only composed of methyl orange dye and distilled
water. This aqueous methyl orange dye solution will be characterized based on its initial
pH and color.
free chlorine level of acidic electrolyzed water, reaction time and temperature will be
wastewater will be varied in the experiment so that the effect of free chlorine level in a
10-mL volume will be determined. Additionally, the response to determine the color
removal of each combination will be known through the TCU removed per amount of
Also, the pH of each treated aqueous methyl orange solution will be measured in
order to conclude if the treated dye solution passed the effluent standards as presented in
DAO 2016-08. Lastly, the best condition for the decolorization of methyl orange dye
solution will obtained at the combinations with highest decolorization per amount of free
chlorine used.
efficiency, two different concentrations will be considered, this includes 200 ppm and
300 ppm at the specified combination of reaction time and volume of electrolyzed water
in the 10-mL sample that will be placed in a screw-capped test tube. The generated
electrolyzed water from Cawolo Disinfectant Generator CA-5 will then be added to 200
ppm and 300 ppm, respectively, following the specified condition presented in Table 3.1.
The final concentration of the treated sample will be determined using the standard curve
and the absorbance that will be read by the Hach Spectrophotometer DR-2800 located in
efficiency, different volume of electrolyzed water will be added to the aqueous dye
solution. The volumes of electrolyzed water that will be considered in this experiment are
aqueous methyl orange dye solution in the 10-mL sample that will be placed in a screw-
capped test tube. The generated electrolyzed water from Cawolo Disinfectant Generator
CA-5 will then be added to the aqueous methyl dye orange solution following the
specified condition presented in Table 3.1. The final concentration of the treated sample
will be determined using the standard curve and the absorbance that will be read by the
two different reaction times will be considered in this experiment. The reaction times that
will be considered are 2 hours and 8 hours at the specified combination of added volume
of electrolyzed water and concentration of methyl orange dye solution in the 10-mL
sample that will be placed in a screw-capped test tube. The generated electrolyzed water
from Cawolo Disinfectant Generator CA-5 will then be added to the aqueous methyl dye
orange solution following the specified condition presented in Table 3.1. The final
concentration of the treated sample will be determined using the standard curve and the
absorbance that will be read by the Hach Spectrophotometer DR-2800 located in the
Effect of Temperature
efficiency, two different reaction temperatures will be considered in this experiment. The
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reaction temperatures will be considered are 50 °C and room temperature. The generated
electrolyzed water form Cawolo Disinfectant Generator CA-5 will then be added to the
aqueous methyl dye orange solution following the specified condition presented in Table
3.1. For the 50 °C – condition, this set-up will be submerged in a water bath together with
the thermometer and heat source, wherein a magnetic stirrer will be in-charge in
distributing the heat evenly in the system. When the decolorization of the aqueous methyl
orange dye solution is already seen, the final concentration of the treated sample will be
determined using the standard curve and the absorbance that will be read by the Hach
Among the conditions that will be tested, the best condition, the condition
wherein there is the highest removal of methyl orange per amount of free chlorine used,
will be considered. In this condition, the time profile versus the efficiency of
removal/free chlorine will be plotted. Through this, the order and the kinetic parameters
will be calculated by integral method. In integral method, the order of reaction will be
assumed first, among the assumed orders of reaction; the highest value for R2 for the
linear regression that will be obtained will be the final order of the reaction.
Where:
Ci is the initial concentration in mg/L
V is the volume in mL
ew is electrolyzed water
To analyze the statistical proposition of the result, Design Expert Version 10 will