ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project defines and signifies shear mannerism in which

numerous interactive tasks are performed by a team of committed
members bearing their own importance and providing contribution,
which is nothing short of being valuable.

The day which ,marked the beginning of our project bears a special
status for all of us; we begin with the proceedings and supports and
blessing of our parents and teachers ‘ good wishes for our project
work entitled-

“PLANNING OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING”

We are thankful to Prof. SANJAY VERMA (H.O.D) under whose

support we have been able to make the project a great success.

Special thank to Prof. Satyam Tiwari for their valuable support and
supervision.

We also give thanks to all of our teachers of Civil Engineering

Department for their valuable support in the preparation of this
project. Last but not the least we wish to remember deep immense
of gratitude to the encouragement provided to us by the staff
members, friends and batch mates.

1. Amit Kumar Macorya [0207CE131012]

2. Deepanshu Singh Solanki[0207CE131039]

(VII SEM)

1
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work presented in this project entitled
“PLANNING OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING”
Is the outcome of my own work and correct to the best of my
knowledge. This work has been carried out taking care of
engineering ethics. The work presented does not infringe upon
my patented work and has not been submitted to any other
University or anywhere else for award of any degree or any
professional diploma.

1. Amit Kumar Macorya [0207CE131012]

2. Deepanshu Singh Solanki[0207CE131039]

(VII SEM)

CONTENTS
2
 Page No.
1. CHAPTER 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................04
2. CHAPTER 2
2.1 DESIGNING A BASE PLAN........................................... ...05
3. CHAPTER 3
3.1 DETERMINING AND PLANNING DIFFERENT

COMPONENTS OF THE BUILDING...................................06

3.1.1 AUTOCAD AND OTHER SOFTWARES............................07

3.1.2 DEMANDS OF THE BUILDING.......................................09
3.1.3 PLOT STUDY AND SITE SURVEY....................................10
3.1.4 MINIMUM BUILT UP AREA AND HEIGHT.....................11
3.1.5 BUILDING BY LAWS AND REGULATION........................14
3.1.6 DETERMINATION OF SUB STRUCTURES SIZES.............15
3.1.7 DETERMINATION OF COLUMN/FOOTING LAYOUT......16
3.1.8 DETERMIMNG WINDOW AND DOOR SIZES.................17
3.1.9 PLANNING OF ROOMS.................................................18
3.1.10 ELECTRICAL AND COMMODITIES PLAN...................20
4. CHAPTER 4
4.1 COMPARISION OF ALL COMPONENTS AND
PREPARING A FINAL PLAN..............................................22
5. CHAPTER 5
5.1 CONCLUSION..................................................................24
6. REFRENCE

3
 CHAPTER-1
1. INTRODUCTION
The basics needs of human existences are food, clothing’s &
shelter. From times immemorial man has been making efforts in
improving their standard of living. The point of his efforts has been
to provide an economic and efficient shelter. The possession of
shelter besides being a basic, used, gives a feeling of security,
responsibility and shown the social status of man.

Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful

environment needed for his pleasant living, this object is achieved
by having a place of living situated at the safe and convenient
location, such a place for comfortable and pleasant living requires
considered and kept in view.
• A Peaceful environment.

• Safety from all natural source & climate conditions

• General facilities for community of his residential area.

The engineer has to keep in mind the municipal conditions,

building bye laws, environment, financial capacity, water supply,
sewage arrangement, provision of future, aeration, ventilation etc.,
in suggestion a particular type of plan to any client.

CHAPTER-2
4
 2. DESINGING A BASE PLAN
The base plan of a building lies on the demand put forwarded by
the client and the land on which has to be constructed.

Every engineer has to keep in mind the standard rules and

regulation, placements of room and nominal sizes of the room so
as to build a engineered structure and to fulfil the demands of the
client.

The Base plan starts with the number of room required with the
given land and then rough sketch is prepared by the Engineer to
have conversations negotiations and to know if any type of
constrains are there then only with the final base plan the
engineer creates a drawing of ground floor plan or first floor plan
or as many floor required over the AutoCAD software and hands it
over to the contractor or builder working on it.

CHAPTER-3
5
 3.1 DETERMINING AND PLANNING
DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF THE BUILDING
There are many different aspects that are related with building. As a
engineer we have to cover up all the aspects and to fulfil them rightly
so as to have a better, economic and sustainable structure to
withstand all sort of natural and non natural activities. Also so as to
provide good components we need to design those various
components and a copy of every plan should be provided to the
builder and should be inspected by the engineer from time to time to
check the correct working of his plans.

The following are the components of building to be planned for or

considered for the design.

1. AUTOCAD AND OTHER PLANNING SOFTWARE

2. DEMANDS OF THE BUILDING

3. PLOT STUDY AND SITE SURVEY

4. MINIMUM BUILT UP AREA AND HEIGHT

5. BUILDING BY LAWS AND REGULATION

6. DETERMINATION OF COLOUMN/BEAM SIZES

7. DETERMINATION OF FOOTING

8. DETERMIMNG WINDOW AND DOOR SIZES

9. PLANNING OF ROOMS

10. ELECTRICAL AND COMMODITIES PLAN

6
 3.1.1 AUTOCAD AND SOFTWARES
The AutoCAD software plays a very vital role in today’s word of
planning. The software not only helps us to create a building design
but also helps in creation of various other plans.

The software works both in 2D and 3D way so that a realistic

representation of the house can be present while proposing the plan.

The latest version can automatically place a door and window

without and settings.

The drawings from AutoCAD can directly be imported to the STAAD

PRO software which automatically calculates the type of beams,
column, slab their reinforcement requirements and their CC
requirements.

The local Governing Body now a day only accepts the plan created by
AutoCAD and in layers provided in their software mainly known as

7
PreDCR.

8
 3.1.2 DEMANDS OF THE BUILDING
The house is the first unit of the society and it is the primary unit of
human habitation. The house is built to grant the protection
against wind, weathers, and to give insurance against physical
insecurity of all kinds.

The special features of the demand for housing consist of in its

unique nature and depend on the following factors.

• Availability of economic structure.

• Availability of skilled labours.

• Availability of transport facility and connectivity.

• Cost of labours & material of construction.

• Predictions of future demand.

• Rate of population growth and urbanization.

• Arranged plan as per requirement by client.

• Vastu Shastra placements if required.

• Town planning & environmental conditions.

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 3.1.3 PLOT STUDY AND SITE SURVEY
Selection of plot is very important for buildings a house. Site
should be in good place where there community but service is
convenient but not so closed that becomes a source of
inconvenience or noisy. The conventional transportation is important
not only because of present need but for retention of property value
in future closely related to are transportation, shopping, facilities
also necessary. One should observe the road condition whether
there is indication of future development or not in case of
undeveloped area.
The factor to be considered while selecting the building site are
as follows:-

• Access to sub road or the main road.

• Availability of public utility services, especially water, electricity

& sewage disposal.

• Contour of land in relation the building cost. Cost of land.

• Distance from places of work.

• Ease of drainage.

• Location with respect to school, collage & public buildings.

• Nature of use of adjacent area.

• Land diversions and local MC’s regulations on the area.

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 3.1.4 MINIMUM BUILT UP AREA AND
HEIGHT
LIMITATION OF BUILT UP AREA

Area of plot up to 200sq.m maximum permissible

(240sq.yd) ---- built up area
60% of site area on floor
Ground and first ---- only.
201 to 500sq.m (241to
600sq.yd) ---- 50% of the site area.
501 to 1000sq.m (601 to
1200sq.yd) ---- 40% of the site area

More than 1000sq.m ---- 33% of the site area.

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MINIMUM FLOOR AREA & HEIGHT OF ROOMS
FLOOR AREA HIEGHT (m)

LIVING 10sqm (100sqft)

(breadth min 2.7 m 3.3 (11’)

or 9’)

KITCHEN 6sqm (60sqft) 3.0 (10’)

BATH 2sqm (20sqft) 2.7 (9’)

TOILET 1.6sqm (16sqft) 2.7 (9’)

BATH & WATER CLOSET 3.6sqm (36sqft) 2.7 (9’)

DRAWING ROOM 10sqm (100sqft) 3.0 (10’)

GARAGE 2.5*4.8 m (8’*16’) 3.0 (10’)

MIN. HIEGHT OF PLINTH

FOR MAIN BUILDING ------- 0.6 (2’)

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 MIN. DEPTH OF ------- 0.9 (3’)
FOUNDATION

THICKNESS OF WALL 20cms to 30cms ------

(9” to13.5”)

DAMP PROOF COURSE 2cms to 2.5cms thick full

width of

(3/4” to1”) plinth wall

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 3.1.5 BUILDING BY LAWS AND REGULATION

• Line of building frontage and minimum plot sizes.

• Open spaces around residential building.

• Minimum standard dimensions of building elements.

• Provisions for lighting and ventilation.

• Provisions for safety from explosion.

• Provisions for means of access.

• Provisions for drainage and sanitation.

• Provisions for safety of works against hazards.

• Requirements for off-street parking spaces.

• Requirements for landscaping.

• Special requirements for low budget housing.

• Size of structural elements.

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 3.1.6 DETERMINATION OF SUB STRUCTURES
SIZES
The beams colums , footing and slab aare analytically calcuted by
the loads acting on them, their bending moment , type of
reinforcement used and spacincing is calculated between stirrups.
But as per the therotical concepts a lot of time is utilised in
calculating these values and coming up to the exact values of the
sub structures sizes.

Working with plannning now a days deals with the accuracy of

machines with the construction, as a little fault can be dangerous
considering the future aspects and sustainability of the structure
of the building.

So mordern technologies like STAAD PRO and AutoCAD

Architectural can calculate the requirements of the Sub Structure
and eases the engineer and saves his time and effort over the
analytical methods. But the engineer’s own sense and workabaility
is the most important element that is required while working with
technologies.

15
 3.1.7 DETERMINATION OF COLUMN
AND FOOTING LAYOUT
After planning the building and its component it becomes very
necessary the supervision of the engineering with the start work
the building and bringing the plan to actual exsistence on the
ground.

The engineer marks up the lines along with which the column,
footing and wall work has to be done. All the coloumn marks are
laid with the boundary of the built up area and the floor plans
show up on the ground with the help of line strings and white
cement.

The holes are then only digged on the marked area and footings
are laid on which the columns stands. Holes are made according to
the requirement of the soil as they require different foundations.

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 3.1.8 DETERMIMNG WINDOW AND DOOR
SIZES
Door and windows add up to the building and are not just the wood
work to decorate the house but they are most important component
for the human survival inside a house.

The ventilation and the lighting source of the house are windows
whereas a door provides access to the room and at the same time it
provides privacy too. The shape and size of the window are to be
designed or planned very efficiently as they have to support the slab
above as well so their planning becomes very important.

Not just as source of ventilation lighting and access the modern

crafting results into very good looking and strengthening wood
frames and windoors. Normally the size of a door in height is 7’0”
and with can be anything more than 2’6” as per its use. And that in
window is that the top of the frame should be in contact with the
lintel and the bottom should be minimum 1’6” high from the plinth

17
level and broadness can be designed as per requirement.

3.1.9 PLANNING OF ROOMS

Room planning is the most important and difficult aspect to
be worked on. Sometimes the requirement of the client
becomes the problem sometimes the present land for
construction.

A room should be designed so that it fulfils its criteria of

being called up by that name. The room’s standards are
already being defined in the earlier section. There should be
common walls used as much as possible and we should
design rooms in such a manner that there is an economic as

18
 well as sober structure.

Also the vastu shastra has to be keeping in mind while planning as

per spiritual values of the Indian people. The rooms should be of full
us e as it should have a source of light if window is not suitable there
as required OTS should be provided so to maintain the air balance
and the light coming into the room.

19
Also the directions of the windows and doors should be such that it
provides maximum light for the major part of the day. The role of
directions is very important while planning a building structure.

The above vastu shastra chart tells about the directions in which the
rooms and things are to be placed towards. Rooms should have
sufficient door plans for ease movement of heavy furniture and
laying out any sort of home activities like cleaning etc.

3.1.10 ELECTRICAL AND

COMMODITIES PLAN
The electrical plan consists of all the wiring paths and
junction boxes that are being laid while at the time of laying

20
roof slab. The wiring of a building should always be internal
as it prevents from fire from short circuit. The foundations of
internal wiring or simple wiring are done at the time of roof
slab being laid.

Every current and future aspect is kept in mind and switch

boards and electrical plan is designed in that way. For
example at least two switch boards in every room and 15
Ampere board for AC. Keeping in mind the future aspects.

The electrical design is designed for the electrician so that he

brings down electricity to every corner of the room and can
provide every sort of supply to every appliance. This helps
him work more effectively.

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22
 CHAPTER-4
4.1 COMPARISION OF ALL COMPONENTS
AND
PREPARING A FINAL PLAN
The final plan comprises of all the above plans and is provided to the
client after the work and to the builder during the required phases of
the work. The plan can be further use for the building up of more
floors. The final plan should follow all the bylaws and should be to
the fulfilment of the client and strengthen too.

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24
 CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION
For any civil engineering structure planning is the most necessary
part. Without planning there is no way ahead of constructing any
structure. It becomes very economical and safe construction. In this
minor project we have studied on how to approach for a planning of
a residential structure.

Every aspect has its own importance ranging from base layout to final
layout. Also very important thing that has to be kept in mind is the
Indian Standards and the jurisdictions of the local governing bodies.
The structure has to be designed according to the guidelines of the
local body and IS codes.

Also for precise work with the latest software and technologies one
should have experience. Basically you must a have a good knowledge
of what type of soil you are working on and in which seismic zones
your area lies in. As this would vastly affect the designs of your
structure and would help you in creating a better sustainable
structure for your client.

For fresher engineers this is the most suitable work that they can do
soon after their Degree of Bachelors will help in gaining experience.
Planning is the best way to express a structures virtual
representation. I have chosen this topic as my minor project as i have
completed my AutoCAD Certificate and have very sort of interest in
planning.

25
 CHAPTER-6
REFERENCES
1. Autodesk PVT LTD. (USA) – For software development and
training centres.
2. Prof Sanjay Verma, for BDD lectures reason selection of this
topic.
3. B.P Verma (HOD)(CIVIL) Jamshedpur Institute of Technology,
CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGS & HOUSE PLANNINGS, Khanna
Publishers, New Delhi.

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