Vdocuments - MX Solucionario Capitulo 15 Paul e Tippens
Vdocuments - MX Solucionario Capitulo 15 Paul e Tippens
Vdocuments - MX Solucionario Capitulo 15 Paul e Tippens
15.1. What volume does 0.4 kg of alcohol occupy? What is the weight of this volume?
m m 0.4 kg
; V= ; V = 5.06 x 10-4 m3
V 790 kg/m 2
15-2. An unknown substance has a volume of 20 ft3 and weighs 3370 lb. What are the weight
15-3. What volume of water has the same mass of 100 cm3 of lead? What is the weight density
of lead?
m 1130 g
Now water: Vw 1130 cm 3 ; Vw = 1130 cm3 D = g
w 1 g/cm 3
15-4. A 200-mL flask (1 L = 1 x 10-3 m3) is filled with an unknown liquid. An electronic balance
indicates that the added liquid has a mass of 176 g. What is the specific gravity of the
m 0.176 kg
; = 880 kg/m3, Benzene
V 2 x 104 m3
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
Fluid Pressure
15-5. Find the pressure in kilopascals due to a column of mercury 60 cm high. What is this
0.145 lb/in.2
P 80 kPa ; P = 11.6 lb/in.2
1 kPa
80 kPa
P ; P = 0.790 atm
101.3 kPa/atm
15-6. A pipe contains water under a gauge pressure of 400 kPa. If you patch a 4-mm-diameter
hole in the pipe with a piece of tape, what force must the tape be able to withstand?
D 2 (0.004 m) 2 F
A 1.257 x 10-5 m 2 ; P ;
4 4 A
15-7. A submarine dives to a depth of 120 ft and levels off. The interior of the submarine is
maintained at atmospheric pressure. What are the pressure and the total force applied to a
hatch 2 ft wide and 3 ft long? The weight density of sea water is around 64 lb/ft.3
15-8. If you constructed a barometer using water as the liquid instead of mercury, what height of
P 101,300 Pa
P gh; h ;
g (1000 kg/m3 )(9.8 m/s 2 )
h = 10.3 m or 34 ft !
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
15-9. A 20-kg piston rests on a sample of gas in a cylinder 8 cm in diameter. What is the gauge
D 2 (0.08 m) 2 F mg
A 5.027 x 10-3 m2 ; P
4 4 A A
Pabs = 1 atm + Pgauge = 101.3 kPa + 39.0 kPa; Pabs = 140 kPa
*15-10. An open U-shaped tube such as the one in fig. 15-21 is 1 cm2 in cross-section. What
volume of water must be poured into the right tube to cause the mercury in the left tube
15-11. The gauge pressure in an automobile tire is 28 lb/in.2. If the wheel supports 1000 lb, what
F 1000 lb
A ; A = 35.7 in.2
P 28 lb/in.2
15-12. Two liquids that do not react chemically are placed in a bent tube like the one in Fig. 15-
21. Show that the heights of the liquids above their surface of separation are inversely
h1 2
proportional to their densities:
h2 1
The gauge pressure must be the same for each column: gh1 = gh2 So that:
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
h1 2
h2 1
15-13. Assume that the two liquids in the U-shaped tube in Fig. 15-21 are water and oil.
Compute the density of the oil if the water stands 19 cm above the interface and the oil
15-14. A water-pressure gauge indicates a pressure of 50 lb/in.2 at the foot of a building. What is
the maximum height to which the water will rise in the building?
15-15. The areas of the small and large pistons in a hydraulic press are 0.5 and 25 in.2,
respectively. What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the press? What force must be
exerted to lift a ton? Through what distance must the input force move, if the load is
15-16. A force of 400 N is applied to the small piston of a hydraulic press whose diameter is 4
cm. What must be the diameter of the large piston if it is to lift a 200-kg load?
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
do = 8.85 cm
15-17. The inlet pipe that supplies air pressure to operate a hydraulic lift is 2 cm in diameter.
The output piston is 32 cm in diameter. What air pressure (gauge pressure) must be used
15-18. The area of a piston in a force pump is 10 in.2. What force is required to raise water with
the piston to a height of 100 ft? [ 10 in.2(1 ft2/144 in.2) = 0.0694 ft2 ]
Archimedes’ Principle
*15-19. A 100-g cube 2 cm on each side is attached to a string and then totally submerged in
water. What is the buoyant force and what is the tension in the rope?
T T
V = (0.02 m)3 = 8 x 10–6 m3; m = 0.100 kg; FB = gV FB
Fy = 0; T + FB – mg = 0; T = mg – FB ;
*15-20. A solid object weighs 8 N in air. When it is suspended from a spring scale and
submerged in water, the apparent weight is only 6.5 N. What is the density of the object?
W 8N m
m 2
; m 0.816 kg T T=6.5 N
g 9.8 m/s V
To find density, we need to know the volume V of the block FB
which is the same as the volume of the water displaced.
8N
FB 1.50 N
FB = 8 N – 6.5 N; FB = 1.5 N; FB = gV; V
g (1000 kg/m3 )(9.8 m/s 2 )
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
m 0.816 kg
V 1.53 x 10-4 m3 ; ; = 5333 kg/m3
V 1.53 x 10-4 m3
*15-21. A cube of wood 5.0 cm on each edge floats in water with three-fourths of its volume
submerged. (a) What is the weight of the cube? (b) What is the mass of the cube?
(c) What is the specific gravity of the wood? [ V = (0.05 m)3 = 1.25 x 10–4 m3 ]
The weight is the same as the buoyant force if the block floats: W = 0.919 N
W 0.919 N
m ; m = 0.0938 kg or m = 93.8 g
g 9.8 m/s 2
mV 3 (125 cm 3 )
Specific gravity: 4 ; Specific gravity = 0.75
w mVw 125 cm3
*15-22. A 20-g piece of metal has a density of 4000 kg/m3. It is hung in a jar of oil (1500 kg/m3)
by a thin thread until it is completely submerged. What is the tension in the thread?
*15-23. The mass of a rock is found to be 9.17 g in air. When the rock is submerged in a fluid
of density 873 kg/m3, its apparent mass is only 7.26 g. What is the density of this rock?
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
*15-23. (Cont.) The volume Vf displaced is found from the mass displaced: mf = 1.91 g
mf 0.00191 kg
Vf 2.19 x 10-6 m3 ; Vf = Vrock = 2.19 x 10-6 m3
f 873 kg/m 3
*15-24. A balloon 40 m in diameter is filled with helium. The mass of the balloon and attached
WHe = gV = (0.178 kg/m3)(9.8 m/s2)(3.351 x 104 m3) = 5.845 x 104 N; Wb = mbg
The densities of air and helium were taken from Table 15-1 in the text.
Fluid Flow
15-25. gasolina fluye a través de una manguera de 1 pulgada de diámetro a una velocidad
promedio de 5 ft/s. ¿Cuál es la velocidad de flujo en galones por minuto? (1 pie3 = 7,48
[ A = R2 = (0.5 in.)2 = 7.854 in2(1 ft/144 in.2) = 5.454 x 10-3 ft2 ]
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
20 gal
Time ; Time = 1.63 min
12.2 gal/min
15-26. agua fluye desde una terminal de 3 cm de diámetro y tiene una velocidad media de 2
m/s. ¿Cuál es la velocidad de flujo en litros por minuto? (1 L = 0,001 m3.) ¿Cuánto
0.04 m3
Time ; Time = 28.3 s
1.41 x 10-3 m3 /s
15-27. lo que debe ser el diámetro de una manguera si es para ofrecer 8 L de aceite en 1 min con
8 L 0.001 m3 1 min
R 1.33 x 10 m /s ;
-4 3
R = vA
1 min 1 L 60 s
15-28. El agua de una tubería de 2 in. emerge horizontalmente a una velocidad de 8 gal/min. ¿Cuál
de la tierra?
R 0.01782 ft 3 /s
v ; v = 0.817 ft/s
A 0.0218 ft 2
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
2y 2(4 ft)
t 0.500 s ; Ahora es x = vxt
g 32 ft/s 2
15-29. flujo a 6 m/s a través de una tubería de 6 cm de agua está conectado a un tubo de 3
cm. ¿Cuál es la velocidad en el tubo pequeño? ¿La velocidad del flujo es mayor en el tubo más
pequeño?
2
A1v1 d12 v1 6 cm
A1v1 = A2v2 v2 2 (6 m/s) ; v2 = 24.0 m/s
A2 d2 3 cm
encuentran en la misma línea horizontal, ¿cuál es la diferencia de presión entre los dos tubos de
15-31. Cuál es la velocidad emergente de agua por una grieta en su contenedor de 6 m debajo de
la superficie? ¿Si el área de la grieta es de 1.2 cm2, a qué velocidad de flujo de agua sale del
Tenga en cuenta que anula y recordar que v1 puede considerarse como cero.
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
por debajo del nivel de agua en el tanque. ¿Cuál es la velocidad emergente del agua por el
agujero? ¿Qué volumen de agua será salir de este hoyo en 1 minuto? [ Teorema de Torricelli se
aplican]
D 2 (0.02 m) 2
A 3.18 x 10-5 m2 ; R vA
4 4
3.11 x 10-4 m3 60 s 1 L
R 3 ; R = 187 L/min
1s 1 min 0.001 m
*15-33. El agua fluye a través de una tubería horizontal a una velocidad de 82 ft3/min. Un
manómetro colocado en una sección de 6 pulgadas de esta tubería Lee 16 lbs/pulg2. ¿Qué es la
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
R 1.37 ft 3 /s R 1.37 ft 3 /s
v1 6.959 ft/s; v2 27.84 ft/s
A1 0.1964 ft 2 A2 0.0491 ft 2
lb 144 in.2
P1 30.7 2 2 4421 lb/ft (Absolute pressure pipe 1)
2
in. 1 ft
D 62.4 lb/ft 3
D = g; 1.95 slugs/ft 3
g 32 ft/s 2
*15-33. (Cont.) P1 = 4421 lb/ft2; v1 = 6.959 ft/s; v2 = 27.84 ft/s; = 1.95 slugs/ft3;
lb 1 ft 2
P2 3713 2 2
25.8 lb/in.2 (Absolute pressure in pipe 2)
ft 144 in.
*15-34. El agua fluye a razón de 6 gal/min aunque una abertura en la parte inferior de un tanque
Por lo tanto, P de 6,933 lbs/pulg2 produce una tasa de 6,0 gal/min ahora el nuevo P:
Thus, P of 6.933 lb/in.2 produces a rate of 6.0 gal/min. Now the new P is:
P’ = 6.933 lb/in.2 + 9 lb/in.2 = 15.93 lb/in.2, By ratio and proportion, we have
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
R 6 gal/min
2
and R = 13.8 gal/min
15.93 lb/in. 6.933 lb/in.2
*15-35. El agua se mueve a través de un tubo pequeño a 4 m/s bajo una presión absoluta de 200
2
2d
v1 = 4 m/s; v2 2 (4 m/s) 16 m/s
d2
P2 200, 000 Pa �(1000 kg/m 3 )(4 m/s) 2 �(1000 kg/m3 )(16 m/s) 2
*15-36. Water flows steadily through a horizontal pipe. At a point where the absolute pressure in
300 kPa, the velocity is 2 m/s. The pipe suddenly narrows, causing the absolute pressure
to drop to 100 kPa. What will be the velocity of the water in this constriction?
1
P1 +½v12 = P2 + ½v22 2
d1 d1
½v2 = P1 +½v1 – P2
2 2
d2
Challenge Problems
214
Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
*15-37. Human blood of density 1050 kg/m3 is held a distance of 60 cm above an arm of a
patient to whom it is being administered. How much higher is the pressure at this position
*15-38. A cylindrical tank 50 ft high and 20 ft in diameter is filled with water. (a) What is the
water pressure on the bottom of the tank? (b) What is the total force on the bott0m? (c)
What is the pressure in a water pipe that is located 90 ft below the water level in the tank?
(a) P = (62.4 lb/ft3)(50 ft) = 3120 lb/ft2 or 21.7 lb/in.2 (Gauge pressure)
(c) P = (63.4 lb/ft3)(90 ft) = 5616 lb/ft2; P = 39.0 lb/in.2 (Gauge pressure)
*15-39. A block of wood weighs 16 lb in air. A lead sinker with an apparent weight of 28 lb in
water, is attached to the wood, and both are submerged in water. If their combined
apparent weight in water is 18 lb, find the density of the wooden block?
FB = 28 lb + 16 lb – 18 lb = 26 lb; FB = DV
FB 26 lb 16 lb
V 3
0.417 ft 3 ; Dwood ; D = 38.4 lb/ft3
D 62.4 lb/ft 0.417 ft 3
*5-40. A 100-g block of wood has a volume of 120 cm3. Will it float in water? Gasoline?
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
*15-41. A vertical test tube has 3 cm of oil (0.8 g/cm3) floating on 9 cm of water. What is the
*15-42. What percentage of an iceberg will remain below the surface of seawater ( = 1030 kg/m3)?
FB
If iceberg floats, then: FB = mig and FB = gVw
*15-43. What is the smallest area of ice 30 cm thick that will support a 90-kg man? The ice is
The question becomes: What volume of ice will support a 90-kg person?
The smallest area occurs when the ice is level with the surface and Vice = Vw
Vw 1.125 m3
A and A = 3.75 m2
h 0.300 m
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
*15-44. A spring balance indicates a weight of 40 N when an object is hung in air. When the
same object is submerged in water, the indicated weight is reduced to only 30 N. What is
FB 10 N
FB =wgVw ; Vw ; Vw 1.02 x 10-3 m3
w g (1000 kg/m3 )(9.8 m/s 2 )
The volume of the object is the same as the water displaced: V = 1.02 x 10-3 m3
W 40 N m 4.08 kg
m 4.08 kg; = 4000 kg/m3
g 9.8 m/s 2 V 1.02 x 103m3
*15-45. A thin-walled cup has a mass of 100 g and a total volume of 250 cm 3.
What is the maximum number of pennies that can be placed in the cup
15-46. What is the absolute pressure at the bottom of a lake that is 30 m deep?
Pabs = 1 atm + gh = 101,300 Pa + (1000 kg/m3)(9.8 m/s2)(30 m); P = 395 kPa
15-47. A fluid is forced out of a 6-mm-diameter tube so that 200 mL emerges in 32 s. What is
d 2 (0.006 m) 2 2 x 10-4 m 3
A 2.83 x 10-5 m 2 ; R 6.25 x 10-6 m3 /s
4 4 32 s
R 6.25 x 10-6 m3 /s
v ; v = 0.221 m/s
A 2.83 x 10-5 m 2
*15-48. A pump of 2-kW output power discharges water from a cellar into a street 6 m above. At
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
15-49. A horizontal pipe of diameter 120 mm has a constriction of diameter 40 mm. The
velocity of water in the pipe is 60 cm/s and the pressure is 150 kPa (a) What is the
2 2
d 120 mm
v d v2 d ;
1 1
2 2
2 v2 v1 1 (60 cm/s) ; v2 = 540 cm/s
d2 40 mm
P2 150, 000 Pa �(1000 kg/m3 )(0.06 m/s) 2 �(1000 kg/m3 )(5.4 m/s) 2
*15-50. The water column in the container shown in Fig. 15-20 stands at a height H above the
base of the container. Show that the depth h required to give the horizontal range x is
given by
h
H H x2 2 H
h
2 2
y
x
Use this relation to show that the holes equidistant above and
below the midpoint will have the same horizontal range? [y=H–h]
x x x2
t ; t
2
; ( Now substitute t2 into y = ½gt2 )
vx 2 gh 2 gh
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
x2 gx 2 gx 2
y �g ; y ; y H h
2 gh 4h 4h
b b 2 4ac x2
Now, h where a = 1, b = H, and c =
2a 4
H H 2 4 x 2 /4 H H 2 x2
h ; h
2(1) 2 2
The midpoint is (H/2), and the term indicates the distance above and below that point.
*15-51. A column of water stands 16 ft above the base of its container. What are two hole depths
H H 2 x2
From Problem 15-50: h
2 2
*15-52. Refer to Fig. 15-20 and Problem 15-50. Show that the horizontal range is given by
x 2 h( H h )
Use this relation to show that the maximum range is equal to the height H of the water
column.
H H H2
xmax 2 H 2 and xmax = H
2 2 4
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
*15-53. Water flows through a horizontal pipe at the rate of 60 gal/min (1 ft3 = 7.48 gal). What is
the velocity in a narrow section of the pipe that is reduced from 6 to 1 in. in diameter?
gal 1 ft 3 1 min
R 60 0.1337 ft /s ;
3
d1 = 6 in. = 0.5 ft
min 7.48 gal 60 s
R 0.1337 ft 3 /s
v1 ; v1 = 0.6809 ft/s
A1 (0.25 ft) 2
2 2
d 6 in.
v d v2 d ;
1 1
2 2
2 v2 v1 1 (0.6809 ft/s) ; v2 = 24.5 ft/s
d2 1 in.
15-54. What must be the gauge pressure in a fire hose if the nozzle is to force water to a height
of 20 m?
*15-55. Water flows through the pipe shown in Fig. 15-22 at the rate of 30 liters per second. The
absolute pressure a pint A is 200 kPa, and the point B is 8 m higher than pint A. The lower
section of pipe has a diameter of 16 cm and the upper section narrows to a diameter of 10
cm. (a) Find the velocities of the stream at points A and B. (b) What is the absolute
The rate of flow is the same at each end, but v1 = 1.49 m/s and v2 = 3.82 m/s
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
15-56. A living room floor has floor dimensions of 4.50 m and 3.20 m and a height of 2.40 m.
The density of air is 1.29 kg/m3. What does the air in the room weight? What force does
the atmosphere exert on the floor of the room? V = (4.50 m)(3.20 m)(2.40 m);
m
V = 34.56 m3; Afloor = (4.5 m)(3.2 m) = 14.4 m2; ; W = mg
V
15-57. A tin coffee can floating in water (1.00 g/cm3) has an internal volume of 180 cm3 and a
mass of 112 g. How many grams of metal can be added to the can without causing it to
The volume of the can and the volume of displaced water are the same.
*15-58. A wooden block floats in water with two-thirds of its volume submerged. The same block
floats in oil with nine-tenths of its volume submerged. What is the ratio of the density of
The buoyant force is same for oil and water, FB(oil) = FB(water)
oil Vw 2
oilgVoil = wgVw ; 3
; Specific gravity = 0.741
w Voil 9
10
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
*15-59. An aircraft wing 25 ft long and 5 ft wide experiences a lifting force of 800 lb. What is the
difference in pressure between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing?
800 lb
P1 P2 6.40 lb/ft 2 ; P = 0.0444 lb/in.2
(25 ft)(5 ft)
*15-60. Assume that air ( = 1.29 kg/m3) flows past the top surface of an aircraft wing at 36 m/s.
The air moving past the lower surface of the wing has a velocity of 27 m/s. If the wing
has a weight of 2700 N and an area of 3.5 m2, what is the buoyant force on the wing?
F
P 365.7 Pa; F = (365.7 Pa)(3.50 m2); F = 1280 N
A
*15-61. Seawater has a weight density of 64 lb/ft3. This water is pumped through a system of
pipes (see Fig. 15-23) at the rate of 4 ft3/min. Pipe diameters at the lower and upper ends
are 4 and 2 in., respectively. The water is discharged into the atmosphere at the upper end,
a distance of 6 ft higher than the lower section. What are the velocities of flow in the
upper and lower pipes? What are the pressures in the lower and upper sections?
ft 3 1 min B
R4 0.0667 ft /s dA = 4 in.; dB = 2 in.
3
min 60 s
6 ft
R 0.0667 ft 3 /s R 0.0667 ft 3 /s
vA 0.764 ft/s; v2 3.06 ft/s
AA 0.0873 ft 2 A2 0.0218 ft 2
The rate of flow is the same at each end, but vA = 0.764 ft/s and vB = 3.06 ft/s
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Chapter 15. Fluids Physics, 6th Edition
D 64 lb/ft 3
D = g; ; 2.00 slugs/ft 3
g 32 ft/s 2
0
PA + ghA +½vA2 = PB + ghB + ½vB2 ; PA = PB + ½vB2 + ghB - ½vA2
PA = 2116 lb/ft2 + 9.36 lb/ft2 + 384 lb/ft2 – 0.584 lb/ft2; PA = 2509 lb/ft2
lb 1 ft 2
PA 2209 2 ; PA = 17.4 lb/in.2 (absolute)
ft 144 in.2
223