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    Unit 2-1 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Alina Vo
    This document contains solutions to 29 exercises related to vectors and vector spaces. The exercises cover topics like the dot product, linear independence, orthogonality, norms, distances, and bases. For each exercise, the solution is provided, which is often just stating whether a given statement is true or false or providing the value of k that satisfies a particular vector equation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Unit 2-1 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Alina Vo
    12 views3 pages
    This document contains solutions to 29 exercises related to vectors and vector spaces. The exercises cover topics like the dot product, linear independence, orthogonality, norms, distances, and bases. For each exercise, the solution is provided, which is often just stating whether a given statement is true or false or providing the value of k that satisfies a particular vector equation.

    Original Description:

    Unit II: The Euclidean Space. Solutions

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    This document contains solutions to 29 exercises related to vectors and vector spaces. The exercises cover topics like the dot product, linear independence, orthogonality, norms, distances, and bases. For each exercise, the solution is provided, which is often just stating whether a given statement is true or false or providing the value of k that satisfies a particular vector equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views3 pages

    Unit 2-1 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Alina Vo
    This document contains solutions to 29 exercises related to vectors and vector spaces. The exercises cover topics like the dot product, linear independence, orthogonality, norms, distances, and bases. For each exercise, the solution is provided, which is often just stating whether a given statement is true or false or providing the value of k that satisfies a particular vector equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Solutions: Self-study material 2

    Departament of Economic, Financial, and Actuarial Mathematics Mathematics I

    Unit II: The Euclidean Space. Solutions

    Exercise 1.

    u · ~v = 17
    a) ~ c) Impossible
    u · ~v = 32
    b) ~ u · ~v = 0
    d) ~

    Exercise 2.

    u + ~v ) · (~u − ~v ) = −20
    a) (~ u) · (µ~v ) = −72
    c) (λ~
    u · ~v ) · ~v = (−45, 0, −27)
    b) (~ u + ~v )] · (µ~v ) = 200
    d) [λ(~

    Exercise 3.

    a) Not orthogonal e) Orthogonal


    b) Not orthogonal f ) Not orthogonal
    c) Orthogonal g) Not orthogonal
    d) Not orthogonal h) Not orthogonal

    Exercise 4. k = 1 or k = 2.

    Exercise 5. k = 1.

    Exercise 6. k = −1 or k = 5.

    Exercise 7. k = 3 or k = −2

    Exercise 8. We show by contradiction that {(a, b), (c, d)} is linearly independent. Suppose
    that {(a, b), (c, d)} is linearly dependent. Then one of the vectors is a linear combination of
    the other, that is, there is a λ ∈ R such that (c, d) = λ(a, b). Moreover, λ 6= 0 because
    (c, d) 6= (0, 0). From the orthogonality of (a, b) and (c, d) we have that (a, b) · (c, d) = 0.
    However,
    (a, b) · (c, d) = (a, b) · λ(a, b) = λk(a, b)k2 6= 0,

    because λ 6= 0 and (a, b) 6= (0, 0). So, we have obtained a contradiction which proves that the
    hypothesis in the beginning ({(a, b), (c, d)} is linearly dependent) is false.

    Exercise 9.
    √ √ √
    a) k~
    uk = 14 and k~v k = 17 c) k~
    u − ~v k = 17
    √ √ √
    b) k2~
    uk = 56 = 2 14 d) k2~
    u + ~v k = 101

    M. Álvarez Mozos 1 ADE - 2014/2015


    Solutions: Self-study material 2
    Departament of Economic, Financial, and Actuarial Mathematics Mathematics I

    Exercise 10.
    √ √ √
    a) k~
    uk = 29 and k~v k = 22 c) k−3~
    uk = 3 29
    √ √ √
    b) k3~
    uk = 261 = 3 29 d) k~
    u + ~v k = 97

    Exercise 11.

    a) Schwartz inequality: |~
    u · ~v | ≤ k~uk · k~v k
    For the particular vectors given by the exercise we compute: |~
    u · ~v | = 7 and
    √ √
    k~uk · k~v k = 238. Then, since 7 < 238 the Schwartz inequality is satisfied.
    b) Triangle inequality: k~
    u + ~v k ≤ k~uk + k~v k
    √
    For the particular vectors given by the exercise we compute: k~
    u + ~v k = 3 5 and
    √ √ √
    k~uk + k~v k = 14 + 17. Then, the Triangle inequality holds because 3 5 ' 6, 71 <
    √ √
    7,86 ' 14 + 17.

    Exercise 12.
    √
    a) The Schwartz inequality holds since 24 < 5 26.
    √ √
    b) The triangle inequality is a consequence of 3< 26 + 5.

    Exercise 13.    
    1 2 5 1 1 2 2
    · ~u = √ ,√ and · ~v = , , .
    k~uk 29 29 k~v k 3 3 3

    Exercise 14.
       
    1 2 1 −2 1 1 −1 −1 1
    · ~u = , , and · ~v = , , , .
    k~uk 3 3 3 k~v k 2 2 2 2

    Exercise 15. It is an orthogonal basis of R3 .

    Exercise 16. The vectors form an orthogonal basis but not an orthonormal basis because ~
    u2
    and ~
    u3 are not unit vectors.

    Exercise 17. It is an orthonormal basis of R3 .

    Exercise 18. k = 3 or k = −3.

    Exercise 19. 55◦ 330 .


    √ √
    Exercise 20. k = 3 43 or k = −3 43.

    Exercise 21. α ' 59◦ 310 4800 .

    Exercise 22. α = 60◦ .

    Exercise 23. 0◦ .

    M. Álvarez Mozos 2 ADE - 2014/2015


    Solutions: Self-study material 2
    Departament of Economic, Financial, and Actuarial Mathematics Mathematics I

    Exercise 24. d(~


    u, ~v ) = 5.

    Exercise 25. k = 1.

    Exercise 26. d(~


    u, ~v ) = 6.

    Exercise 27. k = −3 and k = 5.


    q q
    7 7
    Exercise 28. k = 2 and k = − 2.

    Exercise 29. k = 6 or k = −56/10.

    M. Álvarez Mozos 3 ADE - 2014/2015

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