Reproductive Hormones in Domest Anim G N Purohit
Reproductive Hormones in Domest Anim G N Purohit
Reproductive Hormones in Domest Anim G N Purohit
REPRODUCTION IN
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Prof G N Purohit
Pineal gland Melatonin
Liver Insulin like growth factors
(IGF I & IGF II)
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
(GnRH)
Dopamine
Oxytocin
Hormones secreted by pituitary gland
Anterior Pituitary
Folliclestimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Adrenalocorticotropic hormone
Estrogen Inhibin
Corpus Luteum
Progestins Relaxin
Leydig cells Androgens
Estrogens/ Progestins
Relaxin
Placental Lactogens
UterineEndometrium,
Seminal Vesicles,
Graafian Follicles
Prostaglandin F2α
(PGF2α)
Histology of Bovine
Uterus
Identified by Nobel Laureates Roger Guillemin and Andrew
V Schally in 1977. GnRH is released from nerve endings at
the median eminence of the hypothalamus, where it is
stored in secretory granules; it then travels through portal
vessels to reach the adenohypophysis where it binds to
receptors on gonadotropes in the pars distalis of the
hypothalamus
Neuropeptide ---Arcuate nucleas—Tonic release
---Preoptic area—Surge like release
Transported and stored in median eminence and released into
hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system on stimulation
(Leuprolide) (Gonadorelin)
GnRH analog Trade Name Company Dose and indications
Cattle/Buffalo Sheep and Mares Bitches Camels
Goat
Buserelin Receptal MSD Anestrus 20 µg Ovarian cysts Ovulation of Ovarian cysts
acetate IM 10 µg IM mature follicle 40 µg IM
Pregulate Virbac
Ovarian cysts Cystic changes
20-40 µg IM in ovaries 40
µg
Delayed
ovulation 5-10 Anestrus 20 µg
µg IM twice at 24 h
interval
Fertirelin Conceral Takeda 50-200 µg IM
Chemicals
Japan
Gonadorelin Factrel 50 Zoetis 100 µg IM
µg/mL estrus
MSD synchronizatio
Fertagyl n and ovarian
Forte Dodge
Cystorelin cysts
Deslorelin Sucromate Thorn 1.5 mg Ovulation
induction 1.5
Ovuplant Zoetis 2.1 mg mg 48 h before Prevention of
planned breeding,
Suprelorin Virbac 4.7 mg estrus
ovulation when
9.4 mg the follicle is induction in
30-40mm females and
chemical
sterilization of
male dogs
Leuprolide Lupride Sun Pharma 3.75 mg 0.10 mg/Kg SC
India once for estrus
Lupron Depot induction
Abbvie
Endocrine Inc
GnRH ANTAGONISTS
(under development)
Use
Pregnancy termination
Estrus suppression in Pets
DETIRELIX
CETRORELIX
GANORELIX
AZALINE
ACYLINE
Octapeptide (neuropeptide)
Treatment of uterine
inertia in bitches Foaling in mare
For uterine involution
Expulsion of a retained placenta
(ROP) in mare and bitch
(ROP in Mare)
Suggested doses of oxytocin in
Obstetrics cases (I/M)
5 IU / ml oxytocin
Secreted by lactotrops or mammotrops
cells of anterior pituitary gland
Lactotrophic hormone Suckling is a
potent stimulus for prolactin secretion
Maternal behavior
Heterodimeric glycoprotein
LH
Luteal cells Progesterone
Delayed Ovulation
Planned Ovulations
Ovarian Cysts
Corpus Luteum development
Produced via gonadotroph cells (Ant.
pituitary)
Target tissues
Immunoprotection of fetus
Formation of accessory corpus luteum
Chorulon MSD 1500IU Ovarian cysts Inducing 250-500 IU Inducing 500 IU for
3000-5000 IU IM ovulation for ovulation inducing
or IV 2000-2500 ovulation 500-1000 ovulation in
Delayed IU when the induction IU IM estrus
ovulation/ follicle is induced by
Anovulation above 35 eCG (250
1500-3000 IU mm IU IM for 9
days)
eCG
Folligon MSD 1000IU Anestrus/Out of -do not Out of Estrus Inducing
the season respond season induction estrus 250
breeding 800- breeding 1000-1500 IU IM daily
1000 IU IM or SC 100-500 IU IU 5-7 days for 10 days
Superovulation IM after after
2000-3000 IU progesteron weaning
e
Inhibin × FSH
GnRH Inhibin
Stimulates
FSH synthesis
Cell proliferation
Cell differentiation
Apoptosis
Homeostasis
Keratinocytes
FSH induced aromatization
Progestagens
Androgens
Estrogens
Corticosteroids
Lipophiliccompounds
Primary steroid producing tissues
Testes, ovaries, adrenals, placenta
fetal gonads
Steroids bound to large carrier proteins
Albumin Globulin
Synthetic estrogens:
Estradiol valerate, estradiol cypionate,
estradiol acetate, estradiol benzoate,
ethinyl estradiol, Di ethyl stilbesterol
Phytoestrogens & mycoestrogens
Anabolic
Mammary development
Skin growth
Follicular growth
Estrus expression
Receptivity to male
Luteolytic in ruminants
Luteotropic in sow & mare
At parturition contraction of uterus
Anestrus
Fetal mummification
Fetal maceration
Pyometra
Metritis
Estrus synchronozation
In bitches
misalliance, estrus suppression,
spayed bitches
Side effects
• Tamoxifen
• Clomiphene
citrate 300 mg
Synthesized by
corpus luteum, feto-placental unit,
adrenal cortex. Secretion is controlled by
LH, PG, prolactin and many other
intermediaries
Role
Ovulation, implantation, pregnancy
maintenance, lactation, initiation of
follicular growth waves, development of
dominant follicle.
Half life 22-36 min in cow
CIDR with
applicator
• Mifepristone
• Pregnancy termination in the bitch 2.5
mg/kg BD for 4.5 days beginning at Day
32 of pregnancy
Aglepristone
The twice daily SC
administration of
10mg/kg
Onapristone
Anabolic Growth of muscle mass
&territorial marking
Side effects
Lower
production of
androgens Leuprolide, abarelix,
goserelin, triptorelin
Others Ketoconazole
,Spironolactone,
medroxyprrogesterone acetate
Targettissue in females
corpus luteum, uterine myometrium,
ovulatory follicles
Prostaglandin
(PG) has 2 derivatives
Prostacyclines & thromboxanes
Natural PG analogs
Synthetic PG analogs
Cloprostenol, fluprostenol,
prostalene, fenprostalene
Metritis
Pyometra
Mucometra
Endometritis
Retention of placenta
Fetal mummification
Fetal maceration
Hydrometra
Estrus induction
Estrus synchronization
Induction of parturition
Vetromedical termination of pregnancy
Polypeptide placental hormone
Stimulate
the growth of alveoli during
pregnancy (mammotropic)
Luteotropic
Produced by: corpus luteum, placenta,
ovaries throughout pregnancy
Target
organs: cervix, vagina, pubic
symphysis and related structures