SIMPLE PRESENT

EL "SIMPLE PRESENT" SE UTILIZA:

 Para expresar hábitos y rutinas, hechos generales, acciones repetidas o situaciones,

emociones y deseos permanentes:

I smoke (hábito); I work in London (permanencia); London is a large city (hecho general)

 Para dar instrucciones o indicaciones:

You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.

 Para hablar de eventos programados, presentes o futuros:

Your exam starts at 09.00.

 Para referirse al futuro, detrás de algunas conjunciones: after, when, before, as soon as,
until:

He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.

¡Cuidado! El "simple present" no se utiliza para hablar de lo que está ocurriendo en este
momento.

EJEMPLOS
 Hábitos y rutinas

He drinks tea at breakfast.

She only eats fish.
They watch television regularly.

 Eventos y acciones repetidos

We catch the bus every morning.

It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer.
 Hechos generals

Water freezes at zero degrees.

The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Her mother is Peruvian.

 Instrucciones o indicaciones

Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.

 Eventos programados

His mother arrives tomorrow.

Our holiday starts on the 26th March

 Construcciones de future

She'll see you before she leaves.

We'll give it to her when she arrives.

FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PRESENT": TO THINK

Afirmativa Interrogativa Negativa

I think Do I think? I do not think

You think Do you think? You do not think

He thinks Does he think? He does not think

She thinks Does she think? She does not think

It thinks Does it think? It does not think

We think Do we think? We do not think.

They think Do they think? They do not think.

NOTAS SOBRE LA TERCERA PERSONA DEL SINGULAR DEL
"SIMPLE PRESENT"
 En la tercera persona del singular, el verbo siempre termina en -s:

he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.

 Para las formas negativa e interrogativa, se emplea DOES (= tercera persona del auxiliar 'DO')
+ el infinitivo del verbo.

He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.

 Verbos que terminan en -y : en la tercera persona del singular, se cambia la -y por -ies:
fly --> flies, cry --> cries

Excepción: cuando una vocal precede a la -y:

play --> plays, pray --> prays

 Añadimos -es a los verbos que terminan en:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:

he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes

EJEMPLOS

 He goes to school every morning.

 She understands English.
 It mixes the sand and the water.
 He tries very hard.
 She enjoys playing the piano.
SIMPLE PAST
FUNCIONES DEL "SIMPLE PAST"
El "simple past" se utiliza para hablar de una acción que concluyó en un tiempo anterior al actual.
La duración no es relevante. El tiempo en que se sitúa la acción puede ser el pasado reciente o un
pasado lejano.

EJEMPLOS

 John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.

 My father died last year.
 He lived in Fiji in 1976.
 We crossed the Channel yesterday.

Siempre se utiliza el "simple past" para referirse a cuándo ocurrió algo, de modo que va asociado a
ciertas expresiones temporales que indican:

 frecuencia: often, sometimes, always

I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.

I often brought my lunch to school.

 un tiempo determinado: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.

Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.

She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night

 un tiempo indeterminado: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves
a long time ago.

 She played the piano when she was a child.

Nota: el término ago es útil para expresar distancia temporal en el pasado. Se coloca después del
periodo de tiempo de que se trate: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.

Cuidado: el "simple past" del inglés puede parecerse a un tiempo verbal de tu propio idioma y, sin
embargo, su significado puede ser distinto.
 FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PAST"
FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PAST" CON VERBOS REGULARES

Afirmativa

Sujeto + raíz + ed

I skipped.

Negativa

Sujeto + did not + infinitivo sin to

They didn't go.

Interrogativa

Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Did she arrive?

Interrogativa negativa

Did not + sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Didn't you play?

 TO WALK

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I walked I didn't walk Did I walk?

You walked You didn't walk Did you walk?

He walked He didn't walk Did he walk?

We walked We didn't walk Did we walk?

They walked They didn't walk Did they walk?

"SIMPLE PAST" DE LOS VERBOS TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO

Sujeto Verbo

Be Have Do

I Was had did

You were had did

He/She/It Was had did

We were had did

You were had did

They were had did

NOTAS SOBRE LAS CONSTRUCCIONES AFIRMATIVA,
NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
AFIRMATIVA
La forma afirmativa del "simple past" es sencilla.

 I was in Japan last year

 She had a headache yesterday.
 We did our homework last night.

NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
Para las formas negativa e interrogativa del "simple past" del verbo "do" como verbo ordinario, se
emplea como auxiliar "do", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.
La forma negativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele construirse utilizando el auxiliar "do",
aunque en ocasiones solo se añade not o la contracción "n't".

La forma interrogativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele emplear el auxiliar "do".

EJEMPLOS

 They weren't in Rio last summer.

 We didn't have any money.
 We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
 We didn't do our exercises this morning.
 Were they in Iceland last January?
 Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
 Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?

Nota: para construir las formas negativa e interrogativa de todos los verbos en "simple past", se
utiliza siempre el auxiliar 'did''.

"SIMPLE PAST": VERBOS IRREGULARES

Algunos verbos hacen el "simple past" de forma irregular. Estos son los más comunes.

TO COME
TO GO
 My parents came to visit me last July.
 He went to a club last night.
 We didn't come because it was raining.
 Did he go to the cinema last night?
 Did he come to your party last week?
 He didn't go to bed early last night.

TO GIVE

 We gave her a doll for her birthday.

 They didn't give John their new address.
 Did Barry give you my passport?
SIMPLE FUTURE

FUNCIONES DEL "SIMPLE FUTURE"

El "simple future" se refiere a un tiempo posterior al actual y expresa hechos o certezas. En este
caso, no hay lugar para la actitud.

El "simple future" se emplea:

 Para predecir un evento futuro:

It will rain tomorrow.
 Con "I" o "we", para expresar una decisión espontánea:
I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
 Para expresar voluntad o disposición de hacer algo: I'll do the washing-up.
He'll carry your bag for you.
 En forma negativa, para expresar rechazo o falta de disposición para hacer algo:
The baby won't eat his soup.
I won't leave until I've seen the manager!
 En forma interrogativa con "shall" y "I", para formular un ofrecimiento:
Shall I open the window?
 En forma interrogativa con "shall" y "we", para formular una sugerencia:
Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
 En forma interrogativa con "shall" y "I", para solicitar consejo o instrucciones:
What shall I tell the boss about this money?
 Con "you", para dar órdenes:
You will do exactly as I say.
 En forma interrogativa con "you", para formular una invitación:
Will you come to the dance with me?
Will you marry me?

Nota:en el inglés actual, will tiene un uso preferente frente a shall. "Shall" se utiliza
fundamentalmente con las primeras personas, I y we, para ofrecer o sugerir algo, o para pedir
consejo (ver los ejemplos anteriores). Con el resto de las personas (you, he, she, they) "shall" se
emplea únicamente en construcciones poéticas o literarias, e.g. "With rings on her fingers and bells
on her toes, She shall have music wherever she goes."
 FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE FUTURE"
El "simple future" está compuesto por dos partes: will / shall + infinitivo sin to

Sujeto Will infinitivo sin to

Afirmativa

I Will go

I shall go

Negativa

They will not see

They won't see

Interrogativa

Will she ask?

Interrogativa negativa

Won't they try?

CONTRACCIONES
I will = I'll
We will = we'll
You will = you'll
He will = he'll
She will = she'll
They will = they'll
Will not = won't

La forma "it will" no suele contraerse.

 TO SEE: "SIMPLE FUTURE"
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Interrogativa Negativa

I will see I won't see Will I see? Won't I see?

*I shall see *Shall I see?

You will see You won't see Will you see? Won't you see?

He will see He won't see Will he see? Won't he see?

We will see We won't see Will we see? Won't we see?

*We shall see *Shall we see?

They will see They won't see Will they see? Won't they see?

*"Shall" está en desuso pero se emplea normalmente en lugar de "will" con construcciones
afirmativas e interrogativas en primera persona (I y we) en determinados casos (ver más arriba).