ZLD Presentation 3 PDF
ZLD Presentation 3 PDF
ZLD Presentation 3 PDF
Potential issues:
- Tboil elevation (for MVC)
- Prior removal of SS and Ca required
- Mg(OH)2 precipitation (scaling and corrosion)
Freger ZLD Feb 2014 7
- High MgCl2 and CaCl2 solubility
Crystallization
90.0
uct
BC - 150
nts /m 3 produ
80.0
70.0
BC - 100
60.0
Cen
50.0
40.0 BC - 50
30.0
70 80 90 100
% Recovery
Glueckstern,
Freger ZLD Feb 2014 Proc. 6th IDS, 2003 10
RO Limitations on Recovery
180
Exit conc pressure, atm
2.5 atm
160 Brine
8.3 atm
140 Conc
120
100 Scaling Onset
80
60
40
20
E
RO Recovery
0
50 60 70 80 90 100
RO
O Recovery, %
Rahardianto, et al., JMS 2007; EST, 2008; Des. 2010,
Sanciolo et al., Chemosphere, 2008.
et al., Chemosphere, 2008.
Yprimary = 85%
3000 mg/L
Qf
Ysec = 67% Product
18100 mg/L
54000 mg/L 0 05 Qf
0.05
0.15 Qf
Brine Treatment
FB
Crystallizer
Freger ZLD Feb 2014 12
High Efficiency RO (HERO) Process
• High Silica Water
• Cooling Tower
Blowdown
• Tertiary Treated Effluent
(Sewage)
• High/TOC
g Biologically
g y
Active Water
By removing Ca and carbonate hardness RO can run at
By removing Ca and carbonate hardness RO can run at
pH >10.5
High pH creates a
High pH creates a “cleaning
cleaning environment
environment” =>> low fouling
low fouling
Silica solubility very high, hardness removed => low scaling
Salt rejection and flux are increased
Salt rejection and flux are increased
Recovery >90%
However high chemical costs add ~$0
However, high chemical costs add 13/m3 overall product
$0.13/m overall product
Freger ZLD Feb 2014 Source: FEMP Bulletin, DOE/EE – 0294; aquatech.com 13
ZLD Combined with ED
ED is not limited by osmotic pressure and thus it can achieve a
much higher recovery.
T i ll ED d l i
Typically, ED desalting cost is higher than RO but lower than
i hi h h RO b l h
MVC/crystallization. The optimal placement of ED is then
between RO and evaporation
between RO and evaporation.
40
m Oversaturatioon (%)
35
30
25
20
Gypsum
15
10
0 2 4 6 8
Time (Hrs)
O se oof pprecipitation
Onset ec p o
place crystallizer in brine loop
Freger ZLD Feb 2014 15
R. Bond et al, 2011, Florida Water Res J; J. Gilron, Wetsus, 2013.
ED Metathesis
Formation of sparingly
soluble salts prevented
using a stack of 4-
compartment units
Freger ZLD Feb 2014 R. Bond et al, 2011, Florida Water Res J; T. Davis, USBR Rpt. 135. 16
RO+EDM+Off‐Stack Precipitation ZLD Process
Tirupur Project
Project
Textile Effluent,
54 MLD, 2007
Ambur–Vaniyambadi
Tannery Effluent
7 MLD, 2007
Several alternative technologies or hybrids are in use or being
examined for ZLD.
i d f ZLD
SPARRO (Seeded RO)
ARROW (O’Brien and Gere, 2007) – pH elevation + IX + RO
VSEP (by New Logic Rerearch
S (by e og c e ea c Inc.) –c ) membranes vibrated
e b a es b ated
HEEPM (by EET Corporation) – ED treats the feed to RO
F
Forward Osmosis (FO)
dO i (FO)
Molecular distillation (MD)
Wind‐assisted intensified evaporation (WAIV)
Developed for treating hard waste water from mining industry.
Gases to NCG
adsorb out
Concentrated
seawater
Diluted
draw
solution
Feed
Proposed concept seawater
(M C t h
(McCutcheon ett al.,
l 2005) Concentrated
draw solution
Product water
1.5
ed
kWh/m3 fee
Brine
Mgt
1
wind ROII
Esp, k
water
ROI
0.5
0
Courtesy, Lesico Ltd. BC WAIV Evap Pond
Prof. Jack Gilron
(Zukerberg Institute for Water research), Ben
Institute for Water research) Ben‐Gurion
Gurion University)
University)
Prof. Rafi Semiat
(Chemical Eng Department Technion – IIT)
(Chemical Eng. Department, Technion –