Revision Points 3rd Year

THE THREE THEORIES OF LEARNERS
Why they are important
What are the common things between them?
How do they differ?
1. Characteristics in each of them

2. Researchers’ assumptions in each of them
3. Definition of learning
4. Does learning occur in the same way?
5. What is the place of memory in each of the three theories?
6. How does transfer happen in each of them?
7. The use of each of them in language teaching?
HOW DOES BEHAVIORIM EXPLAIN THE MECHANISTIC PROCESS INVOLVED IN

LEARNING
Why do we forget?
What is the different between Skinner’s and Pavlov’s experiments?
How do people develop a phobia?
Watson’s experiment
What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
IN WHAT WAYS IN COGNITIVE AND CONSTRUCTIVISM DIFFERENT?
What is information processing? What does it include?
What is the difference between short term memory and long term memory?
What is bloom’s taxonomy?
What is meant by ZPD and scaffolding?
WHAT IS HUMANISM?
What are the principles?
What are teachers required to do?

1. Classroom management: the ways in which students behavior, movement, interaction
during a lesson are organized and controlled by the teacher to enable teaching to take
place most effectively.
2. Structuring: teacher’s intentions are clear and instructional activities are sequenced
according to a logic students can perceive.
3. Tasks: teachers should think about the appropriate tasks and also about the order of
theses tasks and how much time should be given.
4. Grouping: grouping of the learners to help students carry out instructional tasks; a strong
relationship between different kinds of arrangement and achievement
METHODS AND APPROACHES OF LANGUAGE LEARNING
Why methods are important to learn?

Teaching methods are very important is the key to successful learning and can enhance or
prevent teaching effectiveness. However, no method can be recommended for every context.
Different methods are appropriate for different contexts. the best teachers are eclectic and use
what works for them
How are they different?Definition of the terms
Approach: is a sum of assumptions (something that you accept is true even though you have no
proof) course designers make about language. It gives a description of the way they look at language
Teaching/Learning This means that an approach is a combined theory, involving both language and
the learning process, which does not require demonstration. Each approach sees and defines
language differently from other approaches. The difference can be extreme in some cases; and
almost the same in others.
Method: is the way(s) of presenting language materials to students; it deals with the practical sides of
foreign language teaching: An approach is axiomatic, a method is procedural, they can be many
methods within one approach An approach can have several methods which are dependent on the
nature of students, their age, their cultural background, their previous experiences in English, their
needs; the place and status English occupies in the school system, in everyday life and the time
devoted to its teaching.
Technique: is what takes place in the classroom. It is a particular trick (a clever or the best way to do
something) used to accomplish an immediate objective. Techniques must be consistent with a
method, and therefore in harmony with an approach as well. Techniques depend on the teacher, his
individual artistry, and on the composition of the class.
Are they enough?What are the common specifications between them?
Thus we can conclude that approach is translated into methhod that contains technique with
series of procedure.
GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD- SILENT WAY- COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING
What are the principles of each one of them?
Theory of language and theory of learning of each one of them
SW
The students’ oral and aural facility is important as part of the basic elements of the target language.
Learning is a problem-solving, creative, discovery activity. Learning is facilitated by mediating physical
objects.
CLL
Language is used freely.Language is a social process. Language must be a blend of what the student
feels, thinks and knows with what he is learning in the target language. Learning must engage the
whole person, including the emotions and feelings as well as linguistic knowledge
GTM
Students are taught to translate from one language into another. Students study grammar
deductively; They memorize native language equivalents for target language vocabulary
words.exercise mental muscles
CLT
Language is a system for expressing meaning. The goal of language teaching is to develop the
four dimensions of communicative competence: grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse and
strategic.Activities that promote learning are the ones that: involved real communication, used
language for carrying out meaningful tasks and used la
nguage that is meaningful to the students nowledge and behavioral skills.
Roles of teachers in each of them
Roles of learners in each of them
Role of materials
Advantages and disadvantages

OTHER ELEMENTS
The use of the Mother tongue
Is translation a good thing in language teaching?
What is whole-person learning?
Learn nondefensively as whole persons which includes the elements of security ,attention,
aggression, reflection, retention, discrimination Whole-person learning means that teachers
consider not only their students’ intellect, but they also have some understanding of the
relationship among students’ feelings, physical reactions, protective reactions, and desire to
learn.
COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING
Background
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) originated from the changes in the British Situational
Language Teaching approach 1960 .Stemming from the socio-cognitive perspective of the socio-
linguistic theory, with an emphasis on meaning and communication, and a goal to develop learners’
“communicative competence”, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach evolves as a
prominent language teaching method and gradually replaced the previous grammar-translation
method and audio-lingual method .
Communicative competence

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Revision Points 3rd Year

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THE THREE THEORIES OF LEARNERS

Why they are important

What are the common things between them?

How do they differ?

1. Characteristics in each of them

HOW DOES BEHAVIORIM EXPLAIN THE MECHANISTIC PROCESS INVOLVED IN

How do people develop a phobia?

What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

IN WHAT WAYS IN COGNITIVE AND CONSTRUCTIVISM DIFFERENT?

What is information processing? What does it include?

What is bloom’s taxonomy?

What is meant by ZPD and scaffolding?

What are the principles?

What are teachers required to do?

METHODS AND APPROACHES OF LANGUAGE LEARNING

Why methods are important to learn?

How are they different?Definition of the terms

Are they enough?What are the common specifications between them?

GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD- SILENT WAY- COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING

What are the principles of each one of them?

Theory of language and theory of learning of each one of them

nguage that is meaningful to the students nowledge and behavioral skills.

Roles of teachers in each of them

Roles of learners in each of them

Advantages and disadvantages

The use of the Mother tongue

Is translation a good thing in language teaching?

What is whole-person learning?

COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING

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