Final Research

NEGROS ORIENTAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM

Kagawasan Avenue, Capitol Area
Dumaguete City
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY ABOUT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING

PLASTIC PIPES IN DUMAGUETE CITY’S WATERLINE
Presented to
Joel D. Patula LLB-JD
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course Research Project
PREPARED BY:
LARENA, SHEEM JOHANN
PATRIARCA, JOJO
RADO, ANGELO P.
ROMANO, ELRIEH
UMBAC, BRANDON G.
Dumaguete City
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to know what is the best Plastic pipe used for
plumbers in Dumaguete City. There are many benefits you can get in using
Plastic pipe because it will not rust, cheaper to buy, easy to install, non-toxic
and safe to drink water using Plastic pipe. The The data that we gathered is from
the Engineering and Operations Department in Dumaguete City Water District
(DCWD) we choose are respondents by the kind of their work field. We the
researcher’s uses Questionnaire to gather the data responses of our
respondents. After we finish the gathering of data’s we used frequency and
percentage to determine the profile of our respondents who were using Plastic
pipes in their duty. But before we gave the questionnaire to our respondents we
first make a transmittal letter to the General Manager, Principal, and Teacher
in charge, and to our Research teacher. After they signed the letter we
immediately gave the questionnaires to our respondents. In the Presentation,
Analysis and Interpretation of data we use tables and pie charts to present or
interpret the data’s that we gathered from our respondents. And after finishing
the Chapter 4 we make our summary of findings and conclusions.
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Acknowledgements
A special thanks to our research teacher Sir. Joel S. Patula. Thank you for
believing that we can make our research. We truly appreciate your valuable
guidance, support, and words of encouragement. Your advice helped me focus
on some of the most important contribution for this work.
We would also like to thank the HUMMS 12B for helping us to finish our
research. Thank you for helping us even though they are also busy on their
research, especially Dominique Mariel, Maecaella Ramirez, Gaunica Villamil and
all the students of HUMMS 12B. We sincerely treasure your most articulate and
impeccable timely suggestions.
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction
Background of the study----------------------------------------------------------- 1
Statement of the problem --------------------------------------------------------- 2

Hypothesis--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Assumptions of the study --------------------------------------------------------- 7
Study of variables and indicators ------------------------------------------------ 8

Theoritical Framework--------------------------------------------------------------9
Conceptual framework ------------------------------------------------------------
Scope and limitation ----------------------------------------------------------------11
Significance of the study ------------------------------------------------------------12
Definition of terms ----------------------------------------------------------------15
CHAPTER 2
Review of related literature and related studies -----------------------------17
Conceptual literature ------------------------------------------------------------29

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CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology------------------------------------------------------33
Research Design-------------------------------------------------------------33
Locale of the Study----------------------------------------------------------33
Research Respondents------------------------------------------------------34
Research Instrument--------------------------------------------------------34
Research Procedure---------------------------------------------------------35
Statistical tool----------------------------------------------------------------37
CHAPTER 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of the data-----------------38
CHAPTER 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation------------ 61
Dumaguete City
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
This study tends to know the effectiveness of using Plastic pipes in

Dumaguete city, used for Plumbers. And it also gives information to people who
are planning to build their own commodity of what kind of pipes are the best to
be used in school buildings. Further, it also makes people more aware of the
advantages and disadvantages of using Plastic pipes.
Plumbing system is used for water supply in buildings. It supplies water

to kitchen and toilet outlets through distribution system of pipes. To get rid of
human wastes, drainage system is used through well-arranged network of
drainage pipes. For distribution system pipes generally used are Polyethylene
(PE), High-density polyethylene (HDPE), mostly nowadays Chlorinated Polyvinyl
Chloride(CPVC) plastic pipes are used as they don’t get rusted, lightweight, easy
installation and maintenance and economic.
Plastic pipe used for water supply residential houses in Dumaguete City.
It supplies water to kitchen and toilet outlets through distribution system of
pipes. To get rid of human wastes, drainage system is used through well-
arranged network of drainage pipes. For distribution system pipes generally used
are Polyethylene (PE), High-density polyethylene (HDPE), mostly nowadays
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride(CPVC) plastic pipes are used as they don’t get
rusted, lightweight, easy installation and maintenance and economic.
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Statement of the problem
This study aims to identify the effectiveness of using Plastic pipes in Dumaguete
City like: Polyethylene (PE) High-density polyethylene (HDPE), Chlorinated
Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC), and Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC).
This study also aims to answer the following research questions:
1. Have you ever tried using Plastic pipes?
2. In Dumaguete City, is polyethylene pipe useful and effective?
3. What Plastic pipe is used in residential houses in Dumaguete City?
4. How this Plastic pipes attribute in Dumaguete City?

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Hypothesis
Ho. Not all plastic pipes can be used in residential areas.
Ho. There is no most effective plastic pipes for residential areas.

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Assumption of the study
The contribution of Plastic pipes in today’s modern industry is this provides the
people to have a clean water source through water transportation.
Plastic pipes have many advantages in terms of long term use. The estimated
life. The expected life span of a Plastic pipe is 15 years or more for underground
piping system show a much lower failure rate than other materials. Durability,
in combination with low maintenance and installation cost, makes PVC pipes a
very cost-efficient choice.
Plasti pipe are known to constitute important functions on the drainage system.
Attributes with great features that withstand heat and cold, they are a great
choice for the users.
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Study of variables and indicators
Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of

applications. Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other
apparatuses to convey fluids. ... Boilermakers and pipefitters are not plumbers,
although they work with piping as part of their trade, but their work can include
some plumbing.
That is why, we came up with this study to identify the variables that will
indicate as to why it is important to use Polyethylene` Pipe in plumbing for
waterline.
Environmental stress on critical pipe joints can cause cracking and severe
fractures, which require immediate pipe repair to limit their effects. Factors like
these, when compounded with high surface pressure, human error or poor pipe
structure, can easily result in full collapse. Also potentially hazardous to pipe
strength are sudden drops in temperature during winter months.
This study contains variables an dependent variables. The indicator in this

study is the Factors affecting the efficacy of using Plastic pipes in Dumaguete
City.
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Theoretical Framework
PVC pipes are classified as flexible pipes. They flex without breaking when loaded
externally from soil weight and vehicular traffic. Rigid pipes, such as those made
of concrete or clay, do not perceptibly flex when loaded and experience wall
crushing when their load limit is reached. This mode of failure for rigid pipes has
given rise to the terms “crush strength” and “D-Load”, but these terms do not
apply to PVC pipes.When a PVC pipe encounters external loading, its diameter
will begin to deflect, meaning its sides will move outward and slightly downward.
If the pipe is bur-ied in supportive soil, the stiffness of the soil will resist the
deflection (see Figure 1). This action and reaction is the key to how a PVC pipe
carries external loads. external loads. By itself, the pipe may not support much
weight, but the soil/pipe system can have tre-mendous load capacity. A PVC
pipe’s resistance to deflection in an unburied state is measured by its “pipe
stiffness”. Pipe stiffness is usually less significant than soil stiffness in PVC pipe
installations, but in general, a higher pipe stiffness results in a higher load
capacity.Soil stiffness is most affected by the level of compac-tion achieved, and
to a lesser extent by the soil type. Soil stiffness values for various conditions and
soil types have been derived through extensive testing.
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Conceptual framework
The kind of Plastic pipe that is most effective in Residential Areas preffered by
Dumaguete City Water District Plumbers
Plastic Pipes Durability
 Polyethylene  Cheaper to buy
 Polyvinyl Chloride  Last for decades
 Polypropylene  Rust Resistance
 High Density Polyvinyl  Hassle-Free

Chloride
POLYETHYLENE
Therefore Polyethylene Pipe is most effective pipe in residential pipe in

Dumaguete City. It is proven by the Plumbers of Dumaguete City Water District
because aside from cheaper this pipe is long-lasting quality.
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Scope and limitations
This study focuses on the kind of plastic pipe that is most effective in
residential areas preferred by Dumaguete City Water District Plumbers. It aim
to the durability of plastic pipes to determine what the best plastic pipe for
residential areas is.
The researcher seek to identify the perceptions and manner of the DCWD
Plumbers. Furthermore, this study contains answers of some questions for those
individual in order for them to know what the best plastic pipe is.
The locale of the study is at Dumaguete City Water District [Address]. The
target respondents in this study are the 100% plumbers in DCWD. The
respondents are expected to answer the guide questions given by the
researchers.
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Significance of the study
The result of the study will be of great benefit to the following:
School Administration. The result of this study will help the administration to
approve the right selection of pipe used.
Engineers. The result of this study will help the school engineer to identify what
pipe to use in building.
Building Inspector. The result of this study will provide them the knowledge to
make professional judgment whether a building meets building code
requirement.
Plumbing Students. The result will provide them the knowledge for future study
purposes.
Other Researchers. This study will be used as a reference of future researchers

related to this study.
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Operational Definition of Terms
High-density polyethylene (HDPE)
 It is sometimes called "alkathene" or "polythene" when used

for HDPE pipes. With a high strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is
used in the production of plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant
piping, geomembranes and plastic lumber. HDPE is commonly
recycled, and has the number "2" as its resin identification code.
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC),
 Is a thermoplastic produced by chlorination of polyvinyl

chloride (PVC) resin, which is significantly more flexible and can
withstand higher temperatures than standard PVC. Uses include
hot and cold water delivery pipes and industrial liquid handling.
PPR
 Polypropylene Random Chloride

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PE-PEX/ AI/ PE-PEX
 A multi-layer combination Cross-linked polyethylene and

aluminium
PVC Pipe
 is a common, strong but lightweight plastic used in construction.

It is made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers.
If no plasticizers are added, it is known as uPVC (unplasticized
polyvinyl chloride) or rigid PVC.
Dumaguete City
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
Plastics are polymeric material that has the capability of being molded or
shaped, usually by the application of heat and pressure. This property of
plasticity, often found in combination with other special properties such as low
density, low electrical conductivity, transparency, and toughness, allows plastics
to be made into a great variety of products.
Plastics are important materials of our society and the world demand and
production of plastics are higher more than ever (Arabiourrutia et al., 2012).
The commonly used plastic products include tough and lightweight

beverage bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), flexible garden hoses
made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), insulating food containers made of foamed
polystyrene, and shatterproof windows made of polymethyl methacrylate. Plastic
debris is composed of several different polymers, and their unique chemical
ingredients may make some types of plastic more hazardous than others when
their chemical constituents are bioavailable to organisms. For example, polyvinyl
chloride (PVC), polycarbonate, polyurethane and polystyrene (PS) are composed
of hazardous monomers (e.g., vinyl chloride, bisphenoland styrene) and/or
contain hazardous additives (e.g. PBDEs, phthalates and lead)
(Rochman et al., 2014).

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Plastics consist of carbon, hydrogen, silicon, oxygen, chloride and

nitrogen. Oil, coal and natural gas are used for extraction of the basic materials
of plastics.
The plastics of various forms such as nylon, polycarbonate, polyethylene

terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly tetra flour
ethylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride are being continuously used in our
day to day life (Sangale et al., 2012).
Polymers that are classified as plastics can be divided into two major categories:
Thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics such as polyethylene and

polystyrene are capable of being molded and remolded repeatedly. Thermosets,
on the other hand, cannot be reprocessed upon reheating. During their initial
processing, thermosetting resins undergo a chemical reaction that results in an
infusible, insoluble network.
Annual worldwide manufacture of thermoplastics has increased from less than

two million tonnes in 1950 to between 230 and 245 million tonnes during the
last decade (Harrison et al., 2014).
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Worldwide production of plastics is increasing by approximately 5% every

year, because plastics exhibit advantages such as clarity, hardness,
processability and lightness together with price competiveness (Yoon et al.,
2012). Plastics can be classified into four categories considering their
biodegradability and raw materials. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and
poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), which have contributed to the development
of today‘s human society, are typical oil-based non-biodegradable plastics.
Whereas most of the oil-based plastics are recognized as non-biodegradable, poly
(e-capro- lactone) (PCL), poly (butylene succinate/adipate) (PBS/A), and poly
(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBA/T) are biodegradable (Tokiwa and
Pranamuda, 2002).
Among the various types of plastic polymers, the most popular and
convenient plastic polymers include low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-
density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
polystyrene (PS), nylon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET)and polyurethanes
(Sangeethadevi et al., 2015).Polythene is very useful in our day to day life to meet
our desired needs. It can be used for wrapping the goods, food material, medicine
and scientific instruments. Due to its good quality its use is increasing day by
day. Among the synthetic plastics waste produced, polythene shares about 64%.
Polythene is made from the cheap petrochemical stocks extracted from oil or gas
through efficient catalytic polymerization of ethylene monomers. Polythene finds
a wide range of applications in human’s dailyuse because of its easy processing
for various products used for carrying food
articles, for packaging textiles, for manufacturing laboratory instruments and

automotive components. Among the numerous applications of thermoplastics
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commodities,polyethylene (PE) occupies a major role in the production of films

for food and non-food packaging, carrier bags, wrapping and agricultural films.
The revolution in the production of PE based plastic items is connected to its low
cost, easy process ability and good mechanical properties (Corti et al., 2012).
Polyethylene (Figure 1) belongs to an important class of materials and is

used in many technological sectors. Low-density polyethylene, especially, is often
used in the automotive, medical, aerospace and electronics fields (Sanchis et al.,
2008).
LDPE is prepared from gaseous ethylene under very high pressures (up to
about 350 mega pascals, or 50,000 pounds per square inch) and high
temperatures (up to about 350 °C [660 °F]) in the presence of oxide initiators.
These processes yield a polymer structure with both long and short branches.
Because the branches prevent the Polyethylene molecules from packing closely
together in hard, stiff, crystalline arrangements, LDPE is a very flexible material.
Its melting point is approximately 110 °C (230 °F). Synthetic polymers like low-
density polyethylene are mostly inert towards microorganisms. In the initially
produced form, they undergo very slow biodegradation in both stabilized and un-
stabilized forms (Raut et al., 2015).
HDPE is manufactured at low temperatures and pressures. The lack of branches

in its structure allows the polymer chains to pack closely together, resulting in
a dense, highly crystalline material of high strength and moderate stiffness. With
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a melting point more than 20 °C (36 °F) higher than LDPE, it can withstand
repeated exposure to 120 °C (250 °F) so that it can be sterilized. It is well-known
that high and low density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE) and polypropylene (PP)
are the main plastics in municipal solid waste around the world. Several reports
have been published on different ways for chemical or petrochemical feedstock
recycling of PE and PP, because it results in hydrocarbon products like fuel after
pyrolysis (Yan et al., 2015).
Impact of plastics on environment

The annual global production of the organic polymer has rapidly
increased from 1.7 to 280 million tons within the last 60 years resulting in the
accumulation of plastic litter in virtually all habitats (Lechner et al., 2014).
Plastic wastes represent a serious concern for the environment because of its
recalcitrance to microbial attack. Degradation of waste plastics through
microorganisms represents one of the alternatives to deal with such problems.
Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi are involved in the degradation of
both natural and synthetic plastics (Gu, 2003).
Plastic pollution, originating from sea- and land-based sources, migrates

into subtropical gyres where it forms accumulation zones of microplastic
particles distinct from surrounding waters relatively free of plastic pollution
(Eriksen et al., 2013).
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Ingestion of marine debris by wildlife, and that of plastics by seabirds in

particular, has been widely documented. The northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis
was among the earliest seabird species reported to ingest marine plastic debris
(Franeker and Law, 2015). Plastic pollution is the dominant type of
anthropogenic debris ubiquitous throughout the marine environment. Plastic
pollution enters the marine environment via rivers, beaches, maritime activities,
and illegal dumping at sea (Ryan et al., 2009). Under the effects of UV
degradation and hydrolysis, plastic loses its elasticity, and powered by wind and
waves, gradually breaks into smaller particles (Cole et al., 2011). In other studies
of marine debris, primarily from coastal assessments, 60–80% of marine debris
is petroleum-based plastic (Derraik, 2002).
All of the marine organism groups are at an eminent risk of interacting

with micro plastics according to the available literature. Dozens of works on
other relevant issues (i.e., polymer decay at sea, new sampling and laboratory
methods, emerging sources, externalities) were also analyzed and discussed (do
Sul and Costa, 2014).
Recycling of waste plastics can be a good alternative solution. However,

collection and cleansing of waste plastics are an expensive process, and the
physical properties decay seriously during the reprocessing procedure (Yoon et
al., 2012). The pollution profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted
from different recycling workshops processing different types of plastic solid
waste (PSW) and their health risks were investigated. At the high temperature
(more than 400 °C), PSW could be converted into valuable substances, which
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can be used as either fuels or feedstock in the petrochemical industry. Although

the melting temperature in the mechanical recycling is around 150–300 °C which
is much lower than the pyrolysis, various volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
might still be produced and released into the atmospheric environment at this
temperature due to the aging, long thermal exposure, intrinsic sensitivity, and
the interactions between the additives and polymers (He et al., 2015).
The synthetic plastics are thus, dumped into landfills or are incinerated.
Incineration burns off the plastic waste completely, but at the same time causes
heavy toxic fume generation (Al-Salem et al., 2009; Crowley et al., 2003).
Recycling is a very environmentally-attractive solution, but a very small part of
the plastics can be recycled where the remaining goes to the burial sites (Bhatia
et al., 2014).
These polymers feature ester bonds, which can be degraded by certain

enzymes that are secreted by microorganisms, and are thus categorized as oil-
based biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics and bio-based plastics are
often confused with each other as eco-friendly plastics, although they are not
identical in terms of the original concept. Biodegradable plastics have been
developed from the view point of biodegradability, whereas for bio-based plastics,
biomass is used as the raw material instead of oil (Iwata, 2015).
Under environmental conditions, larger plastic items degrade to so-called

microplastics (MP), fragments typically smaller than 5 mm in diameter. MP are
of special concern since their bioaccumulation potential increases with
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decreasing size (Wagner et al., 2014). MP may be ingested by various organisms

ranging from plankton and fish to birds and even mammals, and accumulate
throughout the aquatic food web (Wright et al., 2013).In addition, plastics
contain a multitude of chemical additives (Dekiff et al., 2014) and adsorb organic
contaminants from the surrounding media (Bakir et al., 2014).Since these
compounds can transfer to organisms upon ingestion, MP act as vectors for other
organic pollutants (Zarfl and Matthies, 2010).
Pollution with plastic debris and microplastic fragments has been

recognized as a major problem in fresh and marine water systems (Derraik,
2002; Andrady, 2011). Negative effects may relate to entanglement in plastic
wires or nets, or to ingestion, which has been reported for benthic invertebrates,
birds, fish, mammals and turtles (Koelmans et al., 2014).
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The result of this study are based on the 30 responses from the Dumaguete City
Water District, in which the researchers floated the 30 questionnaires and
retrieved 30 questionnaires.
Locale of the Study
The locale of the study is at Dumaguete City Water District. The target
respondents in this study are the 100% Plumbers in DCWD. The respondents
are expected to answer the guide question given by the researchers.
Research Respondents
The target population of this study is the Plumber of from Dumaguete City Water
District. This people is selected by the kind of their working field.
Research Instrument
The researchers developed the 11 items survey questionnaire based on the
researcher’s review of related literature which would simplify the response
regarding the effects of using Plastic pipes. This allows the Plumbers to know the
effectiveness of Polyethylene pipe at the same time, answering the questions
which this study was aimed at.
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Research Procedure
The research started by formulating possible topics to focus for a

research study. After deciding for a topic, then a specific problem to the study
and investigate, the researcher convened once more to list possible problems
which would be the aim of their study.
Based on the criteria made by the researchers, a list of plumbers, the

currently workers of the Dumaguete City Water District and Dumaguete City
Engineers office was obtained from the senior high school Student Government.
The list was used to select randomly the constituents of the sample which would
fairly represent the general number. Respondents were filtered according to the
given criteria, that the respondents should be a worker from Dumaguete City
Water District and Dumaguete City Engineers, regardless of the age and gender.
In order to build a strong foundation of the study, the researchers looked

for possible sources like books, journals, publications, and internet based
materials which would support the variables and other factors circulating within
the topic. The articles obtained were then utilized in all parts of the research,
especially in the making of the research instrument, which would be used to
extract the answers to the possible problems created.
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After finishing the tool and having the final sample size, the researcher
wrote a transmittal letter which was noted and approved by the researcher’s
teacher Sir. Joel D. Patula respectively then started to gather data by giving out
copies of the tool and allowing the selected respondents to answer the material.
The tool was then collected, and the responses were tabulated according
to the appropriate statistical means.
Upon arriving with the final results and through examination of the whole
process, conclusions were derived, and recommendations were made to further
improve and create expansions for the study.
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Statistical Tool
Frequency and percentage were used to determine the profile of the Plumbers
who were using Plastic pipes. Here is the formula.
Percentage (%)=F/Nx100
Where:
F= Frequency of each indicator
N= Total number of respondents
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Chapter 4
PRESENTAION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA
This chapter provides information about the data gathered from the survey
questionnaires. The data have been analyse, statistically treated and interpreted.
To facilitate better understanding, the researched showed the result in every
table.
Table 1.
Gender Frequency Percentage Rank
Male 30 100% 1st
Female 0 0% 2nd
Total 30 100%
N=30
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Gender
Male
Female
Thirty or 100% of the plumber’s respondents are males. This means the all of
the respondents are male and they are using Plastic pipes.
Table 2.
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Years of working experience
5-10 years
18%
21-25 years
32%
11-15 years
23%
16-20 years
27%
5-10 years 11-15 years 16-20 years 21-25 years
Table 3.
As revealed in table 2, over 18% of the respondents were in 5 to 10 years of
working experience second to it were in the 11 to 15 years of working
experience with the percentage of 23%. And in the third spot we have 27% in
16to 20 years and 32% in 21-25 years.
This emphasizes that majority of our respondents in DCWD were in 21 to 25

years of working experience.
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Commonly Used Pipe
86.60%, 20%
0%, 0%
10%, 2%
3.3, 78%
Polypropylene HDPE PVC Polyethylene
Table 4.
Over 78% of the respondents chooses Polyethylene pipes. And 20% of the
respondents chooses Polypropylene pipe.
This table shows the lightweight characteristics is the main reason why
plumbers work is easier or faster to be done when using PVC pipes.
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Long-lasting pipe
0, 0%
16.6, 17%
30, 31%
50, 52%
1-5 months 2-4 years 10 years 15 years
Table 5.
In this table shows that the long- lasting years of pipe is 10 years. And for the
lowest is 1-5 months.
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Installation of Pipe
0, 0%
20, 20%
40, 40%
40, 40%
30 minutes 3-4 hours 1-2 hours 5 hours above
Table 6.
In this table it show the biggest allotted time used to install the pipe is 3-4 hours.
While the lowest allotted time is 5 hours above.
The number of respondents prove that Polyethylene pipe is useful and effective
are 96.6%.
The number of respondents who agreed are 100%. So this shows that
Polyethylene pipe is useful, hassle-free, non-toxic to humans and commonly
used in residential areas.
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Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter contains the restatement of the problem, summary of findings,
conclusions and recommendation.
Profile of the Respondents
Name (Optional): _______________________________
Age: _______________
Gender: _______________
Occupation: _______________
Work Experience: _______________
Directions: Put a checkmark on the box provided below for your choices.
1. Have you ever tried using Plastic pipes?

Yes No
1.1 What pipe do you commonly use in household and in waterlines?
Polyethylene (PE)
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Polypropylene (PP)
1.2 Based on your knowledge and expertise, how long does this pipe
last?
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1-5 Months 10 years
2-4 Years 15 years and above
1.3 How long does it take to install the pipe?

30 minutes 1-2 hours
3-4 hours 5 hours and above
2. In Dumaguete City, is polyethylene pipe useful and effective?
Yes No
Directions: Put a check mark on the space beside the statements below to
whichever applies to you.
STATEMENTS AGREE NUETRAL DISAGREE
1. Polyethylene pipe is commonly used

pipe in Dumaguete City.
2. Polyethylene pipe is safer to use
not toxic/ harmful to humans.
3. Installation of Polyethylene pipe is
easy, hassle-free, and convenient.
4. Polyethylene pipe beats the
effectiveness of other pipes like
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC),
Polypropylene (PP) and Post
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
(CPVC) and etc.
5. I recommend the use of Polyethylene
in the households of Dumaguete
City.
Dumaguete City
Summary of findings
The result presented herein are derived from the analysis and the
interpretation of data.
As the researchers collect data we found out that polyethylene pipe

is used by men plumbers in Dumaguete City Water District for about 21-25
years in service. Plastic pipes are the best to be used because it is lightweight,
tough, resistant to chemical attack and have thick walls to deal with water
pressure which means it is a durable product. Plastic pipe is safer to use because
it is not toxic or harmful to humans and it never pits, scales or corrodes and
won’t develop pinhole leaks from aggressive water or soil conditions. Plastic pipes
are not only durable it also cost cheaper than metal pipes and can be installed
for 3-4 hours.
There are many forms of plastic pipes out there and yes some of
them do contain harmful plasticizers but these are used to make them softer.
Plastic pipes also have a few disadvantages such as it cannot be installed in high
temperature because the strength of the plastic pipes reduces and easily
cracked.
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Conclusion
Throughout the process of researching and writing this research,

the researchers therefore conclude that polyethylene pipe is commonly used in
the area of Dumaguete City because it is safer to use and can be installed easily,
hassle-free and is convenient.
Plastic pipes are adequate to be used because of its durability,

flexibility, lightweight, cheaper and easier to install. Plastic pipes are unrustable
so it provides cleaner and safer water to people in Dumaguete City. The flexibility
of plastic pipes offers an extra dimension of safety. Plastic pipes have been
successfully used in service for over 50 years.
The researchers further conclude that plastic pipes are best for
conveying water and waste. The researchers gained new knowledge as to what
pipe is used in the city of Dumaguete and to choose wisely before ending up in
a poor choice making for future purposes. The findings from this study have
urged the researchers to continue exploring more about pipes for this will be
their reference in the future.
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Recommendation
Teachers. The researchers recommend the teachers to assess the students in

identifying plastic pipes so that they can use it whenever they need to.
School Administration. The researchers recommend the teachers to school

administration to help the students by providing materials needed in hands on
activities.
Parents. The researchers recommend the parents to support their children in

their academic activities.
Students. The researchers recommend that the students should know the
proper usage and importance of plastic pipes.
Future Researchers. This study will be used as a reference for future

researchers that has studies related to plumbing.

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NEGROS ORIENTAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY ABOUT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course Research Project

LARENA, SHEEM JOHANN

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Background of the study----------------------------------------------------------- 1

Statement of the problem --------------------------------------------------------- 2

Assumptions of the study --------------------------------------------------------- 7

Study of variables and indicators ------------------------------------------------ 8

Conceptual framework ------------------------------------------------------------

Scope and limitation ----------------------------------------------------------------11

Significance of the study ------------------------------------------------------------12

Definition of terms ----------------------------------------------------------------15

Review of related literature and related studies -----------------------------17

Conceptual literature ------------------------------------------------------------29

Background of the study

This study tends to know the effectiveness of using Plastic pipes in

Plumbing system is used for water supply in buildings. It supplies water

Statement of the problem

This study also aims to answer the following research questions:

1. Have you ever tried using Plastic pipes?

2. In Dumaguete City, is polyethylene pipe useful and effective?

3. What Plastic pipe is used in residential houses in Dumaguete City?

4. How this Plastic pipes attribute in Dumaguete City?

Ho. Not all plastic pipes can be used in residential areas.

Ho. There is no most effective plastic pipes for residential areas.

Assumption of the study

Study of variables and indicators

Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of

This study contains variables an dependent variables. The indicator in this

Plastic Pipes Durability

 Polyethylene  Cheaper to buy

 Polyvinyl Chloride  Last for decades

 Polypropylene  Rust Resistance

 High Density Polyvinyl  Hassle-Free

Therefore Polyethylene Pipe is most effective pipe in residential pipe in

Scope and limitations

Significance of the study

The result of the study will be of great benefit to the following:

Other Researchers. This study will be used as a reference of future researchers

Operational Definition of Terms

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)

 It is sometimes called "alkathene" or "polythene" when used

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC),

 Is a thermoplastic produced by chlorination of polyvinyl

 Polypropylene Random Chloride

PE-PEX/ AI/ PE-PEX

 A multi-layer combination Cross-linked polyethylene and

 is a common, strong but lightweight plastic used in construction.

Review of Related Literature

The commonly used plastic products include tough and lightweight

(Rochman et al., 2014).

Plastics consist of carbon, hydrogen, silicon, oxygen, chloride and

The plastics of various forms such as nylon, polycarbonate, polyethylene

Thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics such as polyethylene and

Annual worldwide manufacture of thermoplastics has increased from less than

Worldwide production of plastics is increasing by approximately 5% every

articles, for packaging textiles, for manufacturing laboratory instruments and