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    Formulas and Tables PDF

    Uploaded by

    Palitha Seneviratne
    The document provides formulas and tables related to cooling towers, fans, water quality, and electrical calculations. It includes the fan laws to predict tower performance with a non-standard motor, formulas for heat rejected by a cooling tower and refrigeration tons, equations for AC line current, tables on steel gauge thickness and weights, and formulas for calculating bleed rate and water make-up rate to control cycles of concentration and maintain water quality guidelines.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Formulas and Tables PDF

    Uploaded by

    Palitha Seneviratne
    74 views2 pages
    The document provides formulas and tables related to cooling towers, fans, water quality, and electrical calculations. It includes the fan laws to predict tower performance with a non-standard motor, formulas for heat rejected by a cooling tower and refrigeration tons, equations for AC line current, tables on steel gauge thickness and weights, and formulas for calculating bleed rate and water make-up rate to control cycles of concentration and maintain water quality guidelines.

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    The document provides formulas and tables related to cooling towers, fans, water quality, and electrical calculations. It includes the fan laws to predict tower performance with a non-standard motor, formulas for heat rejected by a cooling tower and refrigeration tons, equations for AC line current, tables on steel gauge thickness and weights, and formulas for calculating bleed rate and water make-up rate to control cycles of concentration and maintain water quality guidelines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    74 views2 pages

    Formulas and Tables PDF

    Uploaded by

    Palitha Seneviratne
    The document provides formulas and tables related to cooling towers, fans, water quality, and electrical calculations. It includes the fan laws to predict tower performance with a non-standard motor, formulas for heat rejected by a cooling tower and refrigeration tons, equations for AC line current, tables on steel gauge thickness and weights, and formulas for calculating bleed rate and water make-up rate to control cycles of concentration and maintain water quality guidelines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Formulas and Tables

    Fan Laws:
    The fan laws can be used to predict the performance of a tower with a non-standard motor.
    RPM2 = RPM1 (CFM2) / (CFM1)
    Formulas and Tables

    Static Pressure2 = Static Pressure1 (CFM2/CFM1)2


    Horsepower2 = Horsepower1 (CFM2 / CFM1)3

    Formulas
    Range = Entering Water Temperature - Leaving Water Temperature
    Approach = Leaving Water Temperature - Ambient Wet-Bulb Temperature

    Heat Rejected by a Cooling Tower:


    BTUH = (Flow) X (Range) X 500 X (SG) X (SH)
    Note: SG = SH = 1 for water
    MBH = 1000 BTUH

    Did you know?


    Refrigeration Tons:
    Cooling tower tons account for the heat of
    BTUH compression imposed by the chiller in addition to the
    Tons = building load. The heat of compression is typically
    12,000 assumed to be a 25% addition, or 3,000 BTUH per ton.
    Cooling Tower Tons:

    BTUH
    Tons =
    15,000

    Basic Electrical:
    E=IxR
    P=IxE
    where: E = voltage (volts) I = current (amps) R = resistance (ohms) P = power (watts)

    AC Line Current in a Single Phase Supply


    P
    I=
    E x PF x EFF
    AC Line Current in a Three Phase Supply
    P
    √ 3x E x PF x EFF
    I=

    Where:
    I is the RMS line current in Amps PF is the input power factor
    P is the average output power in Watts EFF is the efficiency of the supply
    E is the AC line voltage in Volts
    Steel Gauge Thickness Specific Heat and Specific Gravity of Glycol
    and Weights Ethylene Glycol Propylene Glycol
    Gauge Inches lbs/ft2 SH SG SH SG
    8 0.165 6.9 10% 0.957 1.015 0.981 1.009
    9 0.150 6.3 20% 0.924 1.030 0.960 1.019
    10 0.135 5.6 30% 0.887 1.045 0.934 1.027

    Formulas and Tables


    11 0.120 5.0 40% 0.849 1.058 0.904 1.034
    12 0.105 4.3 50% 0.809 1.071 0.868 1.040
    13 0.090 3.7
    14 0.075 3.0
    15 0.067 2.8
    16 0.059 2.5

    Temperature Conversions
    Fahrenheit to Celsius: Temp ºC = 5/9 (Temp ºF - 32)
    For quick temperature
    conversion, see page M13.
    Celsius to Fahrenheit: Temp ºF = 9/5 (Temp ºC) + 32

    Water Quality Guidelines


    To control the cycles of concentration such that BAC water quality guidelines* are maintained, it will be
    necessary to “bleed” or “blow down” a small amount of recirculating water from the system. This “bleed”
    water is replenished with fresh make-up water, thereby limiting the build-up of impurities.

    The required continuous bleed rate can be calculated using the following formula:

    Bleed Rate = Evaporation Rate


    Number of Cycles of Concentration - 1
    Where:
    Evaporation Rate = (Flow) x (Range) x 0.001
    The evaporation rate can also be estimated as:
    • 2 GPM per 1 million BTU/HR of heat rejection
    • 3 GPM per 100 tons of refrigeration

    Number of Cycles of Concentration


    The degree to which dissolved solids and other impurities build up in the recirculating water may be
    defined as the cycles of concentration. Specifically, cycles of concentration is the ratio of the
    concentration of a dissolved solid (for example - chlorides, sulfates, etc.) in the recirculating water to
    the concentration of the same material in the make-up water.

    Water Make-Up Rate = Bleed Rate + Evaporation Rate

    * Note: BAC water quality guidelines are available in the applicable Operation and Maintenance
    Manuals in Section N.

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