Worked Examples H. Exchangers
Worked Examples H. Exchangers
Worked Examples H. Exchangers
A hot fluid at 100ºC enters a double-pipe heat exchanger and is cooled to 75ºC.
A cooler fluid at 5ºC enters the exchanger and is warmed to 50ºC. Determine the LMTD for
both counter-flow and parallel flow configurations.
Counter-flow Parallel-flow
100 100
75 75
50
50
5 5
q q
50 - 70
DTm = = 59.4ºC
log e (50 70)
95 - 25
DTm = = 52.4ºC
log e (95 25)
Problem 2
A hot fluid at 120ºC enters a double-pipe heat exchanger and is cooled to 65ºC.
A cooler fluid enters the exchanger at 38ºC and is to be warmed to 65ºC. Determine the
LMTD for both counter-flow and parallel flow configurations.
55 - 27
DTm = = 39.4ºC
log e (55 27)
82 - 0
DTm = = 0ºC
log e (82 0)
Counter-flow Parallel-flow
120 120
65 65
65
38
38
q
q
A parallel-flow heat exchanger would have to have an infinite area in order that both fluids
leave at the same temperature. This, of course, is not physically possible.
Problem 3
Water at a mass flow rate of 68 kg/min is heated from 35ºC to 75ºC by an oil
having a heat capacity of 1.9 kJ/kg K. The fluids are used in a counter-flow, double-pipe heat
exchanger and the oil enters the exchanger at 110ºC and leaves at 75ºC. If the overall heat
transfer coefficient is 320 W/m2 K, calculate the heat exchanger area.
Counter-flow
q = mcCc (Tco - Tci ) = (68/60)(4180)(75-35)
110
= 189.5 kW
75
75
ΔT1 = 110-75 = 35 ΔT2 = 75-35 = 40
DT1 - DT2 35 - 40
35 DTm = = = 37.44 K
log e (DT1 DT2 ) log e (35 40)
q
But q = UADTm
q 189.5 �103
\A= = = 15.82 m2
U DTm (320)(37.44)
Problem 4
Steam passes through a turbine into a condenser. Liquid water from the
condensed steam is used to heat ethylene glycol. The water is available at 90ºC, with a mass
flow rate of 2300 kg/h. The ethylene glycol has a temperature of 30ºC and a mass flow rate of
5500 kg/h. It is proposed to use a double-pipe heat exchanger, made of 2x1¼ inch standard
type-M copper tubing with soldered fittings, which is 6 m long. Determine the outlet
temperature of the ethylene glycol under counter-flow conditions.
Fluid properties:
Pipe (p)
Aa = Π(0.0512 - 0.0352)/4 = 10.8 x 10-4 m2
5.1 cm 3.5 cm 3.3 cm
Api = Π(0.0332)/4 = 8.55 x 10-4 m2
We choose to route the ethylene glycol through the annular passage, which has the greater
area, as this stream has the higher mass flow rate.
Annulus (a)
Annulus equivalent diameters:
Pipe (p)
De or Dh = 4 x (Flow Area)/(Perimeter)
3.1 Da Dpo
P ( Da2 - Dpo
2
) (0.0512 - 0.0352 )
For heat transfer: De = = = 0.039 m
PD po 0.035
P ( Da2 - Dpo
2
)
For fluid friction: Dh = = (0.051 - 0.035) = 0.016 m
P ( Da + D po )
1 1 D 1 0.035
= + 0 = + so U0 = 914 W/m2 K
U 0 hpo hpi Di 1233 (3748)(0.033)
mc Cc (5500)(2562)
LMTD method - Parameter R R= = = 1.46
mhCh (2300)(4184)
Calculation of pressure drops and pumping costs is necessary to complete the design.
Tco - Tci T - 30
but also CR = = co = 0.683
Thi - Tho 90 - 78.7
good luck
good luck
\thank you