Endol

Manu!acturers Standardization
o! the Valve and Fittings I
Used in USNRC-RDT 511

Standard Specification for

Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for
High- Temperature Service 1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 193/A 193M; the number immediately fol1owing the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthesesindicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (.) indicates an editoria1 change since the last revision or reapprova1.
This specification has b~en approvedfor use byagencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DoD Index ofSpecifications and
Standards ror the sTJeci¡¡c
year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.

1. Scope from the two systems may result in nonconformance

1.1 This specification2 covers a1loy and stainless steel the specification.
bolting materia1 for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and
fittings for high-temperature service. The term "bolting 2. Referenced Documents
material" as used in this specification covers bars, bolts,
screws, studs, stud bolts and wire. Bars and wire sha1l be 2.1 ASTM Standards:
hot-wrought. The materia1 may be further processed by A 29/ A 29M Specification for General Requiremen
centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
steel may be solution-annea1ed or annea1ed and strain- Cold-Finished3
A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy
hardened.
1.2 Severa1grades are covered, including ferritic steels and Nuts for Bo1ts for High-Pressure and High- Tempe
austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, etc. Selection Service4
will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical A 320/ A 320M Specification for Alloy Steel Bolting
properties, and high-temperature characteristics. rials for Low- Temperature Service4
A 354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered
NOTE 1- The committee fonnulating this specification has included Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other External1y ThI
fifteen steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present Fasteners5
purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mech
committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Testing of Steel Products4,6
NOTE 2-For gradesof alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use at
A 479/A 479M Specification for Stainless and He
the lower range of high-temperature applications, reference should be
sisting Bars and Shapes for Use in Boi1ers and
made to Specification A 354.
NOTE 3-For gradesof alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use in Pressure Vessels3
low-temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A 484/484 M Specification for General Requireme]
A 320/A 320M. Stainless and Heat-Resisting Bars, Billets, and Fol
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminolol
1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting materia1 are covered in Chemical Analysis of Steel Products6
Section 14. A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, Genera
1.4 Supplementary Requirements Sl through S8 are pro-
quirements3
vided for use when additiona1 tests or inspection are desired. E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Ro
These sha11apply only when specified in the purchase order. Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials7
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound E 21 Practice for Elevated Temperature Tension T
units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the Metallic Materials 7
applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the
E 139 Practice for Conducting Creep, Creep-Ruptul
materia1 sha11be furnished to inch-pound units. Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials 7
1.6 The va1ues stated in either inch-pound units or SI E 150 Practice for Conducting Creep and Creep-R
units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the Tension Tests of Metallic Materlals Under Coru
text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The va1ues stated in of Rapid Heating and Short Times8
each syste~ are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system E 151 Practice for Tension Tests ofMetallic Mate]
must be used independently of the other. Combining va1ues Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heating an(
ventional or Rapid Strain Rates8
I This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-l on Steel,
StainlessSteel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee
3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, VoI01.05.
AO1.22 on Valves, Fittings, Bolting, and F1angesfor High and Subatmospheric
4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
Temperatures. s Annual Book of ASTM Standards, VoI15.08.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1994.Published November 1994. Originally
6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, VoI01.03.
published as A 193- 36 T. Last previous edition A 193/A 193M -94a.
7 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, VoI03.01.
2 For ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code applications see related Specifi-
8 Discontinued. see 1983 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vo103.0
cation SA-193 in Section II ofthat Code.

.\¡()
 4~ A 193/A 193M

.292 Practice for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch wire shall be tested in accordance with Method E 381, or
Tension Tests ofMaterials7 other suitable method as agreed upon between the purchaser
, 328 Methods for Stress-Relaxation Tests for Materials and the producer. When bar or wire is supplied, the bar or
and Structures 7
wire producer shal1 perform the test. When fasteners are
381 Method of Macroetch Testing, Inspection, and supplied, either the bar or wire producer or the fastener
Rating Steel Products, Comprising Bars, Billets, Blooms producer, as agreed upon between them, shall perform the
and Forgings7 test. Quality control procedures shall be sufficient to demon-
E 566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) strate that the testing was performed and that the results were
Sorting of Ferrous Metals9 acceptable. A bar lot consisting of one heat or 10 000 lbs
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination9 whichever is smaller, shall be represented by a minimum of
F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical one macroetch. Visual examination of transverse sections
Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fas- shall show no imperfections worse than the macrographs of
teners, Washers, and RivetslO Method E 381 S4-R4-C4 or equivalent as agreed upon.
2.2 ANSI Standards: II
Distinct zones of solidification shall not be Dresent.
Mth BI.I Screw Threads
BI8.2.1 Square and HexBolts and Screws 5. Discard
B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws
5.1 A sufficient discard sha11 be made to secure freedom
2.3 AIAG Standard:
from injurious piping and undue segregation.
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-
cation Standardl2
6. Heat Treatment
i for
3. Ordering Information 6.1 Ferritic stee1ssha11be proper1y heat treated as best
and suits the high-temperature characteristics of each grade.
3.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifi- Immediate1y after ro11ing or forging, the bolting materia1
cation sha11include the following as required to describe the shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling
material adequately: transformation range. The materials which are to be fur-
3.1.1 Specification, designation, year date, and grade. nished in the liquid-quenched condition sha1l then be
3.1.2 Heat-treated condition (that is, nonnalized and uniformly reheated to the proper temperature to refine the
tempered,or quenched and tempered, for the ferritic mate- grain (a group thus reheated being known as a "quenching
rials, and solution treated (Class 1), solution treated after charge") and quenched in a liquid medium under substan-
finishing (Class 1A), and annealed-and-strain-hardened tially uniform conditions for each quenching charge. Mate-
(Class2), for the austenitic stainless steels; Classes 1B and 1C ria1 Grade B16 sha1l be heated to a temperature range of
apply to the solution-treated nitrogen-bearing stainless steels; 1700. to 1750.F [925. to 954.C] and oil quenched. The
Class ID applies to material solution treated by cooling materials that are to be furnished in the normalized or
rapid1yfrom the rolling temperature), air-quenched condition shall be reheated to the proper
3.1.3 Quantity (that is, number of pieces or weight), temperature to refine the grain and cooled uniform1y in air
3.1.4 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts, to a temperature below the transformation temperature
screws,or studs), range. The material, whether liquid-quenched or norma1-
3.1.5 Dimensions (that is, diameter, length of point, ized, shall then be uniformly reheated for tempering. The
overalllength, finish, shape, and threads), minimum tempering temperature sha1l be as specified in
3.1.6 Nuts, if required by purch~ser, in accordance with Table 2.
14.1, 6.1.1 Quenched and tempered or norma1ized and tem-
3.1.7 Supplementary requirements, if any, and pered ferritic materia1 that is subsequently cold drawn for
3.1.8 Special requirements, in accordance with 6.3, 6.6, dimensiona1 control shall be stress-relieved after cold
13.3,15.1, 16.1, 17.1, and 18.1. drawing. The minimum stress-relief temperature shall be
100.F [55.C] be1ow the tempering temperature. Tests for
4. Manufacture (Process) mechanica1 properties sha1l be performed after stress re-
4.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the following lieving.
processes:open-hearth, basic-oxygen, electric-furnace or vac- 6.2 Both B6 and B6X materia1s sha1l be held, at the
uum-induction melting (VIM). The primary melting method tempering temperature for a minimum time of 1 h. Identifi-
may incorporate separate degassing or refining. The molten cation Symbol B6X materia1 may be furnished in the
steel may be vacuum-treated prior to or during pouring of as-rolled-and-tempered condition. Cold working is permitted
the ingot or strand casting. The basic-oxygen process shall be with the hardness limitation (26 HRC maximum) of Table 2
limited to steels containing not over 6 % chromium. for the B6X grade.
4.2 Quality- To ensure soundness, ferritic steel bars and 6.3 Austenitic stainless steels shall receive a carbide solu-
tion treatment. After rolling, forging or heading, whether
done hot or cold, the material sha1l be heated from ambient
9 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, VoI03.03.
temperature and held a sufficient time at a temperature at
10Annual Book of ASTM Standards, VoI15.08.
11Available from American National Standards lnstitute, II West 42nd St., which the chromium carbide will go into solution and then
13th F1oor, New York, NY 10036. sha1lbe cooled at arate sufficient to prevent the precipitation
12Available from Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite of the carbide. Materia1 thus treated is described as Class 1,
200. Southfield. MI 48034. Class 1B, or Class lC. A1ternatively, rolled or forged bar

81
 T ABLE 1 Chemical

5 % Chromium
Requirements

(AISI Type 501 )

(Composition,
Ferritic Stee/s
percent)A
,
F"rritic Steels

AIJ"tenitic Steels.D Classes 1.1A. 10. and 2

AI"'lenilic Sleels.D Classes 1A. 16.10. and ~

-
0.01over 0.01over
Carbon, max 0.08
0.04 over 0.04 over
Manganese, max 2.00
0.010 ovel 0.010 over
Phosphorus, ma> 0.04!
0.005 ovel 0.005 ovel
Sulfur, max 0.03(
0.05 over 0.05 over
Silicon, max 1.00
18.0. 0.20 0.20
Chromium
Rn-" 0.15 0.15
Nickel
... 0.10
Molybdenum
n1n-n1f nn1 0.01
Nitrogen
('.nnner
(Continued

R:
 ~~ A 193/A 193M

TABLE Continued

B8T, B8TA

Stabilized 18 Chromium-8 Nickel (AISI Type 321)

Product Variation.
Range Over or UnderB
---
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over
Sillcon, max 1.00 0.05 over
Nickel 9.0-12.0 0.15
Chromium 17.0-19.0 0.20
Titanium 5 x carbon content, min 0.05 under

Austenitic SteelsD, Classes 1C and 1D

-

BBR,BBRA BBS. BBSA

Product Variation, Product Variation,

Range Over or UnderB Range Over or UnderB

Carbon, max 0.06 0.01over

Manganese 4.0-6.0 005
Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon 1.00 max 0.05 over
Chromium 20.5-23.5 0.25
Nickel 11.5-13.5 0.15
Molybdenum 1 .50-3.00 0.10
Nitrogen 0.20-0.40 0.02 0.01
Columbium + tantalum 0.10-0.30 0.05
Vanadium 0.10-0.30 0.02

Austenitic SteelsD, Classes 1. 1A and 10

(AISI Type 304N with restricted carbon)

Carbon, max 0.005 over 0.005 over

Manganese 0.04 over 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.010 over 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.005 over 0.005 over
Silicon 0.05 over 0.05 over
Chromium 0.20 0.20
Nickel 0.15 0.15
Molybdenum ... . 0.10
Nitrogen 0.10-0.16 0.01 0.01

A The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted.

B Product analysis-lndividual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individual
element in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified range.
c For bar sizes over 3'/2 in. [90 mm], inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 %, max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28% is permitted, provided
that the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AISI 4130 or 4130H is allowed.
D Classes 1 and 1 D are solution treated. Classes 1, 1 B and some 1 C (B8R and B8S) products are made from solution treated material. Class 1A (B8A, B8CA, B8MA,
B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA and B8MNA) and some Class 1C (B8RA and B8SA) products are solution treated in the finished condition. Class 2 products are
solution treated and strain hardened.

(except for grades 321 and 347) may be cooled rapidly treated is identified as Class 2.
immediately following hot working while the temperature is 6.6 B7 and B7M bolting shall be heat treated by
above 1750.F (955.C), so that grain boundary carbides are in quenching in a liquid medium and tempering. For B7M
solution, (see Specification A 479- 88b and subsequent bolting, the final heat treatment, which may be the tem-
revisions). Material so treated is identified as Class lD and pering operation if conducted at 1150°F [620°C] minimum,
shall be restricted to applications at temperatures less than shall be done after all machining and forming operations,
850.F (455.C). If specified in the purchase order, material including thread rolling, are complete.
shall be solution treated in the finished condition; material so 6.6.1 Un1ess otherwise specified, material for Grade B7
treated is described as Class 1A. may be heat treated by the Furnace, the Induction or the
6.4 If scale-free bright finish is required, this shall be E1ectrical Resistance method.
specified in the purchase order .
NOTE 4-It should be taken into consideration that stress-relaxation
6.5 When increased mechanical properties are desired, the properties may vary from heat lot to heat lot or these properties may
austenitic bolting materials shall be solution annealed and vary from one heat treating method to another. The purchaser may
strain hardened if specified in the purchase order; material so specify Requirement S8, if stress-relaxationtesting is desired.

83
 ~~ A 193/A 193M

TABLE 2 Mechanical Requirements

8S
4 to 6 % chromium uplo4[1001. incl 1100 [593] 100 [690] 80 [550] 16 50
86
1100 [593] 110 [760] 85 [585] 15 50

§
13% chromium uplo4[100].incl
86X
13% chromium 2'/2
up 1 [6 100]'
and under
incl 1100 [593] 90 [620] 70 [485] 16 50 26 HRC
87
Chromium-molybdenum 1100 [593] 125 [860] 105 [720] 16 50
over 2'/2 4 [65 lo 1001 1100 [593] 115 [795] 95 [655] 16 50
over41o [1001o180] 1100 [593] 100 [690] 75 [515] 18 50
B7MA
Chromium-molybdenum 2'/2 [65] an under 1150 [620] 100 [690] 80 [550] 18 50 235 HB or
99 HRB
4 [101.61 andbnder 1150 [620] 100 [690] 80 [550] 18 50 235 BHN or
99 R/B
over4 to 7 [101.6 to 117.8] 1150 [620] 100 [690] 75 [515] 18 50 235 BHN or
99 R/B
816
Ch rom i u m -moly bden u m- vanadium 2'/2 [65] and under 1200 [650] 125 [860] 105 [725] 18 50
over 2'/2 to 4 [65 to 100] 1200 [650] 110[760] 95 [655] 17 45
over 4 to 7 [100 to 180] 1200 [650] 100 [690] 85 [585] 16 45
Yield
Tensile
Strength, Elongation Reduction
Heat Treatment B Strength, Hardness,
Class and Grade, Diameter, in. [mm] min, 0.2 in 4 O, o! Area.
min, ksi max
% offset, min,% min%
[MPa] k si [MPa]

Austenitic Steels
- -

Classes 1 and 1D: B8, B8C, B8M, B8P, B8T, carbide solution treated 75 [515] 30 [2051 30 50 223 HBc or 96 HRB
B8LN, B8MLN, all diameters
Class 1A. B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, B8TA, carbide soiution treated in the finished 75 [515] 30 [2051 30 50 192 HB or 90 HRB
B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA, B8MNA, condition
B8MLCuNA, all diameters
Classes 1 B and 1 D: B8N, B8MN, and carbide solution treated 80 [550] 35 [240] 30 40 223 HBc or 96 HRB
B8MLCuN, all diameters
Classes 1C and 1D: B8R, all diameters carbide solution treated 100 [690] 55 [380] 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
B8RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 100 [690] 55 [380] 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
condition
B8S, all diameters carbide solution treated 95 [655] 50 [345] 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
B8SA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 95 [655] 50 [345] 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
condition
Class 2' B8, B8C. B8P. B8T. B8N. carbide solution treated and strain hardened 125 [860] 100 [690] 12 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
and B8MLCuN. 3/. [20] and under
over 3/. to 1. [20 to 25] incl 115 [795] 80 [550] 15 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 1 to 1'/. [25.4 to 31.6] incl 105 [725] 65 [450] 20 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 1'/. to 1'/2 [32 to 40] incl 100 [690] 50 [345] 28 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2: B8M, B8MN. B8MLCuND carbide solution treated and strain hardened 110 [760] 95 [665] 15 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
3/. [19.05] and under
over 3/. to 1 [19.05 to 25.4] incl 100 [690] 80 [550] 20 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 1 to 1'/. [25.4 to 31.6] incl 95 [655] 65 [450] 25 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 1'/. to 1'/2 [31.6 to 37.9] incl 90 [620] 50 [345] 30 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2B: B8M2D carbide solution treated and strain hardened 95 [655] 75 [515] 25 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
2 (50.8) and under
over 2 to 2'/2 [50.8 to 63.2] incl 90 [620] 65 [450] 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 2'/2 to 3 [63.2 to 76.2] incl 80 [550] 55 [380] 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2C: B8M3D carbide solution treated and strain hardened 85 [585] 65 [450] 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
2 [50.8] and under
over 2 [50.81 85 [585] 60 r415] 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
A To meet the ten5ile requirement5, the Brinell hardne55 5hall t?e over 200 HB (93 HRB).
B Cla55 1 i5 5olution treated. Cla55 1 A i5 5olution treated in the fini5hed condition for corro5ion re5i5tance; heat treatment i5 critical due to phy5ical property requirement.
Cla55 2 i5 5olution treated and 5train hardened. Au5tenitic 5teel5 in the 5train-hardened condition may not 5how uniform propertie5 throughout the 5ection particular1y in
5ize5 over 3/4 in. [20 mm] in diameter.
c For 5ize5 3/4 in. [20 mm] in diameter and 5maller, a maximum hardne55 of 241 HB (100 HRB) i5 permitted.
D For diameter5 1'/2 r381 and over, center (core) prOpertie5 may be lower than indicated by test report5 which are based on ValUe5 determined at '/2 radiu5.
 ~t A 193/A 193M

r7. ChemicalComposition Definitions A 370. The yield strength corresponding to a

.7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition limiting permanent offset of 0.2 % of the gage length of the
requirementsprescribed in Table 1. Steels with added lead specimen shall be determined.
shallnot be used. 10.2 Hardness Requirements:
7.2 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for 10.2.1 The hardness shall conform to the requirements
theorderedgrade to the extent that the steel conforms to the prescribed in Table 2. Hardness testing shall be performed in
requirementsof another grade for which that element is a accordance with either Test Methods and Definitions A 370
specifiedelement. Furthermore, elements present in concen- or with Test Methods F 606.
trationsgreater than 0.75 weight/% shall be reported. Chem- 10.2.2 GradeB7M-The maximum hardness ofthe grade
ical analysis shall be performed in accordance with Test shal1 be 235 HB or 99 HRB (conversion in accordance with
MethodsA 751. Table 2B of Test Methods and Definitions A 370). The
minimum hardness shall not be less than 200 HB or 93
B. Heat Analysis HRB. Conformance to this hardness shall be insured by
8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the testing the hardness of each stud or bolt by Brinell or
Rockwell B methods in accordance with 10.2.1. The use of
manufacturerto deterrnine the percentages of the elements
100 % e1ectromagnetic testing for hardness as an altemative
¡pecifiedin Section 7. This analysis shall be made from a test
to 100 % indentation hardness testing is permissib1e when
¡pecimen taken during the pouring of the heat. The chemical
qualified by sampling using indentation hardness testing.
:ompositionthus deterrnined shall be reported to the pur-
'haseror the purchaser's representative, and shall conforrn Each 1ot tested for hardness electromagnetically shall be
100 % examined in accordance with Practice E 566. Foi-
o the requirements specified in Section 7. For strand cast
lowing e1ectromagnetic testing for hardness a random sample
~aterials,the requirements of 8.2 and 8.3 of Specification
1788shall be met. Should the purchaser deem it necessary of a minimum of 100 pieces of each heat of steel in each
) have the transition zone of two heats sequentially cast purchase lot (as defined in 11.1.3) shall be tested by
indentation hardness methods. All samp1esmust meet hard-
iscarded,the purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Re-
ness requirements to permit acceptance of the lot. If any one
uirementS3 of Specification A 788.
sample is outside of the specified maximum or minimum
ProductAnalysis hardness, the lot shall be rejected and either reprocessed and
resampled or tested 100 % by indentation hardness methods.
9.1 An ana1ysis may be made by the purchaser from
In the event a controversy exists re1ative to minimum
mples representing the bolting materia1. The chemica1 strength, tension tests shal1 prevail over hardness readings.
Imposition thus determined sha11conform to the require- Product which has been 100 % tested and found acceptable
entsof Section 7. shal1 have a line under the grade symbol.
10.2.2.1 Surface preparation for indentation hardness
.Mechanical Properties
testing shall be in accordance with Test Methods E 18.
10.1 Tensile Properties: Hardness tests shall be performed on the end of the bolt or
10.1.1Requirements-The material as represented by the stud. When this is impractical, the hardness test sha11be
lsion specimens shall conform to the requirements pre- performed elsewhere.
ibedin Table 2 at room temperature after heat treatment.
lO.I.2 Method of Test-Tension test shall be made in
:ordancewith Test Methods and Definitions A 370, in- 11. Test Specimens
ding the parts of Annex A3 "Steel Fasteners" applicable to 11.1 Tension test specimens taken from finished bolts,
chined test specimens. The speed of testing shall not screws, studs, or stud bolts sha11be machined to the form and
eed the limits specified in 11.4.1 of Test Methods and dimensions and shall be taken from positions shown in

TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Size of Hot-Rolled Bars

85
 ~t A 193/A 193M

7. Chemical Composition Definitions A 370. The yie1d strength corresponding to a

1imiting permanent offset of 0.2 % of the gage 1ength of the
7.1 Each alloy shall confortt1 to the chemical composition
requirements prescribed in Table 1. Stee1swith added lead specimen shal1be determined.
10.2 Hardness Requirements:
shall not be used.
7.2 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for 10.2.1 The hardness sha11conform to the requirements
prescribed in Tab1e 2. Hardness testing sha1lbe performed in
theordered grade to the extent tha:t the steel conforms to the
accordance with either Test Methods and Definitions A 370
requirements of another grade for which that element is a
specifiedelement. Furthermore, elements present in concen- or with Test Methods F 606.
10.2.2 GradeB7M-The maximum hardness ofthe grade
trations greater than 0.75 weight/% shall be reported. Chem-
shal1be 235 HB or 99 HRB (conversion in accordance with
ical analysis shall be performed in accordance with Test
Tab1e 2B of Test Methods and Definitions A 370). The
Methods A751.
minimum hardness shal1 not be 1essthan 200 HB or 93
HRB. Conformance to this hardness shal1 be insured by
8. Heat Analysis
testing the hardness of each stud or bo1t by Brinell or
8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the Rockwell B methods in accordance with 10.2.1. The use of
manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements 100 % e1ectromagnetic testing for hardness as an altemative
specifiedin Section 7. This analysis shall be made from a test to 100 % indentation hardness testing is permissib1e when
specimentaken during the pouring of the heat. The chemical qualified by samp1ing using indentation hardness testing.
composition thus determined shall be reported to the pur- Each 1ot tested for hardness e1ectromagnetica1ly sha1l be
chaseror the purchaser's representative, and shall conform 100 % examined in accordance with Practice E 566. Fo1-
to the requirements specified in Section 7. For strand cast 1owing e1ectromagnetic testing for hardness a random samp1e
materiaJs,the requirements of 8.2 and 8.3 of Specification of a minimum of 100 pieces of each heat of stee1in each
A 788 shall be met. Should the purchaser deem it necessary purchase 1ot (as defined in 11.1.3) shall be tested by
to have the transition zone of two heats sequentially cast indentation hardness methods. A1l samp1esmust meet hard-
discarded, the purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Re- ness requirements to permit acceptance of the 1ot. If any one
quirement S3 of Specification A 788. samp1e is outside of the specified maximum or minimum
hardness, the 1ot shal1be rejected and either reprocessed and
9. Product Analysis resamp1edor tested 100 % by indentation hardness methods.
9.1 An analysis may be made by the purchaser from In the event a controversy exists re1ative to minimum
samples representing the bolting material. The chemical strength, tension tests shal1 prevai1 over hardness readings.
composition thus determined shall conform to the require- Product which has been 100% tested and found acceptab1e
ments of Section 7. shall have a 1ine under the grade symbol.
10.2.2.1 Surface preparation for indentation hardness
10. Mechanical Properties testing shal1 be in accordance with Test Methods E 18.
10.1 Tensile Properties: Hardness tests sha1l be performed on the end of the bo1t or
10.1.1 Requirements-The materia1 as represented by the stud. When this is impractical, the hardness test shall be
tension specimens sha11conform to the requirements pre- performed e1sewhere.
scribed in Table 2 at room temperature after heat treatment.
10.1.2 Method of Test-Tension test sha11be made in
accordance withTest Methods and Definitions A 370, in- II. Test Specimens
cluding the parts of Annex A3 "Steel Fasteners" applicable to 11.1 Tension test specimens taken from finished bolts,
machined test specimens. The speed of testing sha11not screws, studs, or stud bolts shall be machined to the form and
exceed the limits specified in 11.4.1 of Test Methods and dimensions and shall be taken from positions shown in

TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Size of Hot-Rolled Bars

Out-of-Round

Specified Size, Over Under ..

in. [mm] in. mm
- - - -
5/,6 [8] and under 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.20
Over 5/,6 to 7/,6 [11], incl 0.006 0.006 0.009 0.23
Over 7/,6 to 5/6[16], incl 0.007 0.007 0.010 0.25
Over 5/6to 7/6[22], incl 0.008 0.008 0.012 0.30
Over 7/6to 1 [25], incl 0.009 0.009 0.013 0.33
Over 1 to 1'/6 [29], incl 0.010 0.010 0.015 0.38
Over 1'/6 to 1'/4 [32], incl 0.011 0.011 0.016 0.41
Over 1'/4 to 1% [35], incl 0.012 0.012 0.018 0.46
Over 13/6to 1'/2 [38], incl 0.014 0.014 0.021 0.53
Over 1'/2 to 2 [50], incl '/64 '/.. 0.023 0.58
Over 2 to 2'/2 [65], incl '/32 0 0.023 0.58
Over 2'/2 to 3'/2 [90], incl 3/64 0 0.035 0.89
Over 3'/2 to 4'/2 [115], incl '/'6 0 0.046 1.17
Over 4'/2 to 5'/2 [140], incl 5/64 0 0.058 1.47
0 0.070 1.78
Over 5'/2 to 6'/2 [165], incl '/6
Over 6'/2 to 7 [180], incl 5/32 0 0.085 2.16

85
 ~t A 193/A 193M

TABLE 4 Marking of Ferritic Steels TABLE 5 Marking of Austenitic SteelsA

R16
A For explanations. see 10.2.2 and 18.1 Class 1A

A3.2.1.7 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370. Tension

Test specimens from bar stock are covered by Annex A1.3 of
Test Methods and Definitions A 370, Annex Al.
11.1.2 Number of Tests-For heat-treated bars, one ten-
sion test shall be made for each diameter of each heat
represented in each tempering charge. When heat treated
without interruption in continuous fumaces, the materia1 in Class18
a lot shall be the same heat, same prior condition, same size,
and subjected to the same heat treatment. Not fewer than
Class 1C
two tension tests are required for each 1ot containing 20 000
lb [9000 kg} or 1ess.Every additiona110 000 lb [4500 kg] or
fraction thereof requires one additiona1 test.
11.1.3 For studs, bolts, screws, etc., one tension test sha1l Class 1D

be made for each diameter of each heat invo1ved in the 1ot.

Each lot sha1lconsist of the following:
Diameter,
in. [mm] Lot Size
Ii/8[30]andunder 1500lb [780kg]or fractiontbereof
Over II/8 [30] to 13/.[45], incl 4500lb [2000kg] or fractiontbereof
Over 13/.[45] to 2'/2 [65], incl 6000lb [2700kg] or fractiontbereof
Over2'/2 [65] 100piecesor fractiontbereof
Class2
11.1.4 Tension tests are not required to be made on bolts,
screws, studs, or stud bolts that are fabricated from heat-
treated bars fumished in accordance with the requirements
of this specification and tested in accordance with 11.1.2,
provided they are not given a subsequent heat treatment.

12. Retests Class 28

12.1 If the resu1tsof the mechanical tests of any test lot do Class 2C

not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer A Classes 1, 1A, 18, 1C, 2, 28, and 2C may be marked with either grade or

may retreat such lot not more than twice, in which case two marking listed. Class 1 D may only be marked with marking listed.

additional tension tests shall be made from such lot, all of

which shall conform to the reQuirements specified. covered in the Heavy Hex Screws Series in ANSI B18.2.1,
Hex Head Cap Screws shall be used. Socket head fasteners
13. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance sha1lbe in accordance with ANSI B18.3.
13.1 Bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts shall be pointed
and shall have a workmanlike finish. Points shall be flat and 14. Nuts
chamfered or rounded at option ofthe manufacturer. Length 14.1 Bo1ts, studs, and stud bo1ts sha1l be furnished
of point on studs and stud bolts shall be not less than one nor nuts, when specified in the purchase order. Nuts
more than two complete threads as measured from the conforrn to Specification A 194/A 194M.
extreme end parallel to the axis. Length of studs and stud
bolts shal1be measured from first thread to first thread. 15. Threads
13.2 Standard permissible variations for dimensions of 15.1 Al1 bo1ts, studs, stud bolts, and accompanying nuts,
bars shall be as prescribed in Table 3. Aside from the unless otherwise specified in the purchase order shall be
tolerance given in Table 3, additional tolerances for the basic threaded in accordance with ANSI B 1.1, Class 2A fit, sizes 1
materials are given in Specification A 29/A 29M and Speci- in. [25 mm] and smaller in diameter with the coarse-thread
fication A 484/A 484M, latest revisions. series, and 11/8in. [28 mm] and larger in diameter with the
13.3 Bolt heads shall be in accordance with the dimen- 8-pitch-thread series.
sions of ANSI B 18.2.1. U nless otherwise specified in the 15.2 Where practical, all threads shall be formed after
purchase order, the Heavy Hex Screws Series should be used, heat treatment. Class 1A, Grades B8A, B8CA, B8MA,
except the maximum body diameter and radius of fil1et may B8P A, B8T A, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA, B8MNA, and
he the same as for the Heavv Hex Bolt Series. For sizes not B8MLCuNA. and Class 1C Grades B8RA and B8SA are to

R6
 ~~ A 193/A 193M

be soIution treated in the tinished condition. 17.3 Samples tested in accordance with Section 9 that
represent rejected materia1 sha11be preserved for 2 weeks
16. Inspection from the date of the test report. In the case of dissatisfaction
16.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have with the resu1ts of the test, the manufacturer may make
entry, at all time while work on the contract ofthe purchaser c1aim for a rehearing within that time.
is being performed, to all parts of the place of manufacture
that concem the manufacture of the material ordered. The 18. Product Marking
manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facili- 18.1 Grade and manufacturer's identification symbols
ties to satisfy him that the material is being fumished in shall be applied to one end of studs 3/8 in. [10 mm] in
accordance with this specification. All tests (except product diameter and larger and to the heads ofbolts 1/4in. [6 mm] in
analysis) and inspection shall be made at the place of diameter and larger. (If the available area is inadequate, the
manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified in grade symbol may be marked on one end and the manufac-
the purchase order and shall be so conducted as not to turer's identification symbol marked on the other end.) The
interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. identification symbol shall be as shown in Tables 4 and 5.
16.2 Certification by Manufacturer-When agreed upon Grade B7M which has been 100 % evaluated in conform-
in writing between the manufacturer and the purchaser, a ance with the specification, shall have a line under the grade
certification that the material conforms to the requirements symbol to distinguish it from B7M produced to previous
of the specification shall be the basis of acceptance of the specification revisions not requiring 100 % hardness testing.
material. Otherwise, the manufacturer shall report to the 18.2 For bolting materials, including threaded bars, that
purchaser or his representative the results of the chemical are furnished bundled and tagged or boxed, the tags and
analysis, macroetch inspection, and mechanical tests made boxes shaU carry the grade symbol for the material identifi-
in accordance with the specification. The certification shall cation and the manufacturer's identification mark or name.
state the method of heat treatment employed. Certification 18.3 For purposes of identification marking, the manufac-
shall include the specification year date of issue. If fumace turer is considered the organization that certifies the fastener
treated, induction treated, or electrical resistance treated was manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accor-
material is specified, (See 6.6), the certification shall state the dance with the specification and the results have been
method of heat treatment employed. determined to meet the requirements of this specification.
18.4 Bar Coding-In addition to the requirements in
17. Rejection and Rehearing 18.1, 18.2, and 18.3, bar coding is acceptable as a supple-
17.1 U n1essotherwise specified in the basis of purchase, mentary identification method. Bar coding should be consis-
any rejection based on tests made in accordance with Section tent with AIAG Standard B-5 02.00. If used on small items,
9 sha11be reported to the manufacturer within 30 days from the bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially
the receipt of samp1esby the purchaser. applied tag.
17.2 Materia1 that shows defects subsequent to its accep-
tance at the place of manufacture shal1 be rejected, and the 19. Keywords

manufacturer sha1lbe notified. 19.1 hardness: heat treatment

SUPPLEMENT ARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not apply unless specified in the order and in the Ordering Information, in which
event the specified tests shall be made before shipment of the product.

SI. High- Temperature Tests S4. Hardness Testing of Grade B16

S 1.1 Tests to determine high temperature properties shall S4.1 For bo1ts or studs 21h in. [65 mm] or sma11er,the
be made in accordance with Practice E 21, and Practices hardness for Grade B 16 sha11be measured on or near the end
E 139, E 292. E 150, and E 151. of each bolt or stud using one of the methods prescribed in
10.2.1 for the Brine1l or Rockwe1l C test. The hardness sha11
be in the range 253-319 HB or 25-34 HRC.
S2. Charpy Impact Tests
S2.1 Charpy impact tests based on the requirements of
S5. Product Marking
Specification A 320/A 320M, Sections 6 and 7 sha11be made
as agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser . S5.1 Grade and manufacturer's identification symbols
When testing temperatures are as low as those specified in sha11be applied to one end ofstuds and to the heads ofbolts
Specification A 320/A 320M, bolting should be ordered to of a11sizes. (If the available area is inadequate, the grade
that specification in preference to this specification. symbol may be marked on one end and the manufacturer's
identification symbol marked on the other end.) For bolts
sma11erthan 1/4in. [6 mm] in diameter and studs sma11er
S3. 100% Hardness Testing of Grade B7M than 3/8in. [10 mm] in diameter and for 1/4in. [6 mm] in
S3.1 Each Grade B7M bolt or stud shall be tested for diameter studs requiring more than a tota1 of three symbols,
hardness by indentation method and shall meet the require- the marking sha11be a matter of agreement between the
ments specified in Table 2. Durchaser and the manufacturer.

~7
 ~t A 193/A 193M

Relieving dance with Guide E 709. Bars with indications or cracks or

ress-relieving operation shall follow straightening seams are subject to rejection ir the indications extend more
eatment. than 3% orthe diall1eter into the bar.
minimum stress-relieving temperature shall be
:] below the tempering temperature. Tests for 88. Stress-Relaxation Testing
properties shall be performed .after stress re- S8.1 Stress-Relaxation Testing, when required, shall be
Class
done in accordance with Practice E 328. The test shall be
performed at 850°F (454°C) for a period of 100 h. The initial
tic Particle Inspection stress shal1be 50 M psi (345 MPa). The residual stress at 100
: shall be magnetic particle examined in accor- h shall be 17 M psi ( 117 MPa) minimum.
1

APPENDIXES 1A
1A
1A
1A
(Nonmandatory Information)
1A
1A
XI. STRAIN HARDENING OFAUSTENITIC STEELS 1A
1A
lin hardening is the increase in strength and bar .That is, the smaller the bar, the greater the penetration 1A
1A
at Tesults from plastic deformation below the of strain hardening.
1B
tion temperature (cold work). This effect is X 1.2 Thus, the mechanica1 properties of a given strain 1B
1austenitic stainless steels by reducing oversized hardened fastener are dependent not just on the al1oy, but 1B

to the desired final size by cold drawing or other a1so on the size of bar from which it is machined. The 1B
1C
e degree of strain hardening achievable in any minimum bar size that can be used, however, is established 1C
ited by its strain hardening characteristics. In by the configuration of the fastener, so that the configuration 1C
le amount of strain hardening that can be can affect the strength of the fastener. 1C
1D
further limited by the variables of the process, X 1.3 For example, a stud of a particular a1loy and size
1D
:otal amount of cross-section reduction, die angle may be machined from a smaller diameter bar than a bolt of 1D
e. In large diameter bars, for example, plastic the same a1loy and size because a larger diameter bar is 1D

1will occur principally in the outer regions of the required to accommodate the head of the bolt. The stud, 1D
1D
the increased strength and hardness due to strain therefore, is likely to be stronger than the same size bolt in a 1D
¡ achieved predominantly near the surface of the given al1oy. 1D
1D
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2B
2C

A Class or Grade
B Oplion lo mark
c Class designa!'

88
 ~t A 193/A 193M

X2. COMP ARISON OF GRADE DESIGNA TION MARKING USED FOR AUSTENITIC STEEL IN V ARIOUS
EDITIONS OF A 193/A 193M

TABLE X2.1 Marking Symbol Cross Reference

Grade .Marking Symbol Used Prior Marking Symbol Used in A 193/A 193M -89
Class Marking Symbol Used in A 193/A 193M -92
Designation lo A 193/A 193M -89 through A 193/A 193M -91a and Later Versions
B8 BB B8 B8
B8C BBC B8C B8C
B8M BBM B8M B8M
1 B8P BBP B8P B8P
1 B8T BBT B8T B8T
1 B8LN BBLN B80 or B8LNB B8F or B8LN
1 B8MLN BBMLN B81 or B8MLNB B8G or B8MLN
1A B8A BBA B8A B8A
1A B8CA BBCA B82 or B8CAB B8B or B8CA
1A B8MA BBMA B83 or B8MAB B8D or B8MA
1A B8PA BBPA B84 or B8PAB B8H or B8PA
1A B8TA BBTA B85 or B8TAB B8J or B8TA
1A B8LNA BBLNA B86 or B8LNAB B8L or B8LNA
1A B8MLNA BBMLNA B87 or B8MLNAB B8K or B8MLNA
1A B8NA BBNA B88 or B8NAB B8V or B8NA
1A B8MNA BBMNA B89 or B8MNAB B8W or B8MNA
1A B8MLCuNA
B9Kc or B8MLCuNA
1B B8N B8N 8BN B8N
1B B8MN B8MN 890 or 8BMNB B8Y or B8MN
1B B8MLCuNA 8103A or 8BMLCuNAB c
1B B8MLCuN
B9Jc or B8MLCuN
1C B8R BBR 88R B9A or B8R
1C B8RA BBRA 891or BBRAB B9B or B8RA
1C B8S BBS 88S B9D or B8S
1C B8SA BBSA 892 or BBSAB B9F or B8SA
1D B8 894A B94
1D B8M 895A B95
1D B8P 896A B96
1D B8LN 897A B97
1D B8MLN 898A B98
1D B8N 899A B99
1D B8MN 8100A B100
1D B8R 8101A B101
1D B8S 8102A B102
2 B8 B8 88 B8
2 B8C B8c RR~ B8c
2 B8P B8P B8P B8P
2 B8T B8T B8T B8T
2 B8N B8Ñ B8Ñ 88Ñ
2 B8M B8M B8M B8M
2 B8MN B8MN ~ or BBMNB B8Y or B8MN
2 B8MLCuN R1ñ4A Qr""B8MLCuNB
B8M2 - B9Jc orBBMLCuN
2B B8M2 B8M2 B9G or B8M2
2C B8M3 B8M3 BBM3 B9H or B8M3
A Class or Grade added when A 193/A 193M -91A was published.
B Option to mark with grade symbol added when A 193/A 193M -91a was published.
c Class designation corrected when A 193/A 193M -93a was published.

The American Society for Testing and Materia/s takes no position respecting the va/idity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are express/y advised that determination of the va/idity of any such
patent rights. and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entire/y their own responsibi/ity.

Thjs standard js subiect to revjsjon at any tjme by the responsjble technjcal commjttee and must be revjewed every fjve years and
jf not revjsed, ejther reapproved or wjthdrawn. Your comments are jnvjted ejther for revjsjon of thjs standard or for addjtjonal standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments wjll recejve careful consjderatjon at a meetjng of the responsjble
technjcal commjttee, whjch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not recejved a fajr hearjng you should make your
vjews known to the ASTM Commjttee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Phjladelphja, PA 19103.

89