6th Grammar
6th Grammar
6th Grammar
Use contractions
where possible.
She_____________________________ (run) because she's late for her lesson.
Our teacher always_____________________________ (give) us lots of homework.
We_____________________________ (not want) to go to the concert.
What time_____________________________ (you / meet) Pete tomorrow?
I_____________________________ (not work) today. I'm on holiday.
English _____________________________ (speak) in Jamaica.
Archie_____________________________ (not use) his computer at the moment.
_____________________________ (Tony / live) near the park?
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect
Simple.
1. They .................................... (get) to the airport as the plane was landing.
2. The shoes ..................................... (buy) the previous day.
3. I fell while/as I .................................... (run) for the bus.
4. What .................................... she .................................... (say) when he asked her to marry him?
5. When I was a student, I .................................... (not have) much money.
6. I was happy to see her, because we .................................... (not see) each other for years.
7. By the time we got to the shop, a long queue .................................... already .................................... (form) outside.
2. I (want / always) _________________________________________ to travel. That's why I was delighted to go abroad with
them.
3. She was no stranger to him. They (be introduced) _________________________________________ to each other a few
days before.
4. We (stay) _________________________________________ there since 1980, you know.
6. Did I tell you that when I saw you, I realized that we (meet / already) _________________________________________?
7. James told me you (buy) _________________________________________ the old vicarage two years before your son's
birth.
Complete the sentences for situations in the past. Decide which tense you need to use.
We can use either the infinitive without to or the -ing form after the object of verbs such as hear, see, notice, watch. The
infinitive without to often emphasizes the whole action or event which someone hears or sees. The -ing form usually
emphasizes an action or event which is in progress or not yet completed.
Compare
He saw her drive off with a young man in the passenger seat. The speaker observed the whole event.
Maria heard him coming up the stairs towards her room, and The action was in progress, happening, but not
felt scared. completed.
The -ing form can also emphasize that an action or event is repeated:
We watched them running back and forth, loading and unloading the trucks and taking boxes in and out of the building.
After can or could with one of these verbs, we always use the -ing form, not the infinitive:
I can hear people talking. They must be in the next room.
Not: I can hear people to talk.
You should not put hot water on a burn. You shouldn't put hot water on a burn.
You had better not put hot water on a burn. (There is no contraction.)
Practice
Write sentences to give advice. Use the verb and the information in parentheses.
example
What should I do if someone's heart stops beating? (should/do CPR)
You should do CPR.
1. What should I do if someone is bleeding a lot? (should/apply a bandage and put pressure on the wound)
____________________________________________________________________________
2. What should I do if someone has a sprain? (ought to/put ice and a bandage on the joint)
_________________________________________________________________________
3. What should I do if someone is choking and can't breathe? (had better/do abdominal thrusts)
_________________________________________________________________________
4. What should I do if someone has a bee sting? (had better/remove the stinger)
_________________________________________________________________________
5. What should I do if someone goes into shock? (ought to/lay the victim on his back and elevate his legs)
_________________________________________________________________________
These structures express purpose and answer the question why something is done.
To We use 'to + verb' to say why we do something.
Examples: I'm going to Ireland to visit my family.
I went to the post office to buy some stamps.
In order to
Note 1- 'in order to' and 'so as to' are more common before stative verbs like: be, have,
know, appear, seem, understand, etc.
Example: she left work early in order to be at home with the children.
1. I'm studying very hard at the moment____________________ pass my exams next month.
4. I have to get up early. I set the alarm for five o'clock ____________________ oversleep.
9. Jenny is a very nice person. She is always prompt____________________ help her friends.
12. Make sure your bags are tagged ____________________ you can identify them later.
Participle clauses The man driving the car was not injured.
Tom lost his keys (while) walking through the park.
Opening the envelope, I found two concert tickets.
Having nothing left to do, Paula went home.
Directions: identify the verbal as a present participle or gerund. If the verbal is a participle, write the noun that it
is modifying. If the verbal is a gerund, write its function (subject, direct object, appositive, object of preposition,
subjective complement).
7. His profession, teaching English to immigrants, occupied a great deal of his time.
8. The magazine's cover, appealing to younger readers, will undoubtedly boost sales this month.
9. The judges, talking at length among themselves, finally gave the award to the Beagle.
1. Bruce wishes he _________________________________ (have) more money so he could buy a new sweater.
Past
Expressing regret:If only / I wish + past perfect
Example:If only I had woken up early. (I didn't wake up early and I missed my bus.)
Use:
To express a regret.
The action is past.
WISH OR REGRET?
I wish I _________________________________ to him yesterday. (talk)
I need help badly. If only you _________________________________ help me. (can)
My old car often breaks down. I wish I __________________________ a new car. (can- buy)
He didn't pass the exam. If only he_________________________________ hard. (study)
She was absent. I wish she _________________________________ the conference. (attend)
What a beautiful house! I wish I ___________________________a house like this one. (have)
The future continuous (will be + ‘ing’ form) and the future perfect (will have + past participle) tenses are used to
talk about events in the future.
Future continuous
Don’t ring at 8 o’clock. I’ll be watching Who Wants to be a Millionaire.
This time tomorrow we’ll be sitting on the beach. I can’t wait!
We use the future continuous to talk about something that will be in progress at or around a time in the future.
Future Perfect
Do you think you will have finished it by next Thursday?
In 5 years time I’ll have finished university and I’ll be able to earn some money at last.
We use the future perfect to say that something will be finished by a particular time in the future.
brother said
______________________________________
The teacher ordered the children to look at the blackboard.
______________________________________
Don’t leave your things all over
the place, Sue!
2.- ‘Can you lend me your car for the weekend,
Mum?’ – Cathy said
______________________________________
______________________________________
Her mother told Sue not to leave her things all over the place 3.- ‘Leave your umbrellas outside the museum,
______________________________________
______________________________________
The dog asked me to take him out for a walk
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
said
STATEMENTS - introducing verbs: say, tell, explain, think, etc. ...
EXERCISE 2
Sorry, Mr. Jones is
out this morning. 1.- ‘I think there is a bus at five o’clock’
– my brother said
______________________________________
______________________________________
The secretary told me that Mr. Jones was out
that morning.
You have to fill in this form 2.- ‘She broke the glasses when she
and submit it in the office
was washing up’ – he said
upstairs
______________________________________
______________________________________
– Susan said
The clerk explained to
me that I had to fill in that form and submit it ______________________________________
in the office upstairs.
______________________________________
I have been
promoted. 4.- ‘I’ll do my homework tomorrow’ – the
______________________________________
______________________________________
I know the answer
– she said
______________________________________
______________________________________
The girl said that she knew the answer
told Sheila
______________________________________
______________________________________
EXERCISE 3
The policeman wanted to know what my name and address was. asked
______________________________________
Where’s my coffee? ______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
She asked Susan if she was coming to her party the following 4.- ‘How are you going to Italy?’ – he asked me
Friday.
______________________________________
______________________________________
Did you see the match last
night?
5.- ‘Do you like classical music, Sue?’ – I asked
______________________________________
6.- ‘How much did you pay for that car?’ – he asked
How many miles have
we run? me
______________________________________
______________________________________
her brother
______________________________________
______________________________________
ALL TYPES
8.- ‘Did you close the windows last night, Terry?’ –
EXERCISE 4
his mother asked
1.- ‘Do you wear a uniform at school?’
Peter asked me ... 2.- ‘Do______________________________________
these exercises for tomorrow, children’
The teacher told the children ...
______________________________________
7.- ‘How many questions are there?’ 22.- ‘Those flowers are very nice. I like them’
John asked ... Mary said ...
8.- ‘Have you been to Italy, Mary?’ 23.- ‘Will you buy the paper on your way to work, please?’
Mr. Jones asked Mary ... My mother asked me ...
9.- ‘Don’t touch any of my things, Mark’ 24 ‘Can you buy some bread on your way back home,
She ordered Mark ... please?’
She asked me ...
16.- ‘This exercise is a bit difficult, but you won’t have any
problem if you pay attention’ 31.- ‘Don’t drop those plates’
The teacher explained … Sheila told her friend ...
ALL TYPES
EXERCISE 5
6. Do you know my brother Harry? - he asked me 27. It may be too late - he said
7. Don’t argue with me! - his father said 28. Learn all these new words for tomorrow - the
teacher said
9. Don’t laugh at him - my mother told me 30. She left the office two hours ago - he said
10. Don’t make plans for your holiday yet - he told us 31. Show me your new CDs, David - I said
11. Don’t talk to me when I’m studying - she told me 32. Soldiers, don’t leave your position! - the sergeant
said
14. Have you seen Peter today? - the teacher asked 35. There’s been a terrible accident at the crossroads
the students - John said
15. How much is this sweater? - she asked the shop 36. They are getting married next week - she said
assistant