EXAM - Introductory Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Jan 2016) PDF
EXAM - Introductory Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Jan 2016) PDF
EXAM - Introductory Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Jan 2016) PDF
NAME:___________________________________
STUDENT NUMBER:_______________________
REMEMBER TO WRITE YOUR NAME AND STUDENT NUMBER AT THE TOP OF THIS PAGE
AND ON THE GENERAL PURPOSE ANSWER SHEET
b) Now draw lysine and a different amino acid linked via a peptide bond.
Label the peptide bond, the N-terminus and the C-terminus of your peptide. [5 Marks]
c) Name ONE example of each type of amino acid listed below: [1 mark each]
-ve charged
sulfur
hydrophobic
aromatic
hydroxy
d) For each of the amino acids listed above, name ONE type of bond or non-bonding
interaction in which the R-GROUP participates, contributing to the stability of the native
three-dimensional structure of proteins. [1 mark each]
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BCHM210 Trimester 3, 2015
b) Which of the six major groups of enzymes ( oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases,
isomerases and ligases) does β-Galactosidase belong to? Justify your answer. [2 marks]
c) What item of equipment was used to measure the activity of β-galactosidase? Explain why this
equipment is used frequently for enzyme assays. [3 marks]
d) In a class experiment to investigate the kinetics of an enzyme, the initial reaction rate (Vo)
was measured at a variety of substrate concentrations. The results are shown below.
(i) Sketch the Vo vs [S] plot for this enzyme, adding labels showing the approximate positions
on your graph for Vmax and KM. [3 marks]
(ii) Estimate the APPROXIMATE KM for the enzyme for which data is shown; explain your
reasoning briefly. [2 marks]
[8 marks]
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BCHM210 Trimester 3, 2015
a) The structure of proteins is described at four levels: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
Briefly explain what is referred to by each of these terms. Why are these distinctions useful? [5
marks]
b) Each level of protein structure is stabilised by chemical bonds and interactions: List the bonds
and/or effects primarily responsible for stabilising each level of structure. [5 marks]
c) The illustration below shows a molecule of haemoglobin. Describe TWO (2) aspects of
haemoglobin STRUCTURE which are important for its FUNCTION in transporting oxygen around
the body. Explain how each structural feature is required for the function of haemoglobin. [10
marks]
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BCHM210 Trimester 3, 2015
3. If the ΔG'° of the reaction A B is 40 kJ/mol, under standard conditions the reaction:
1. is at equilibrium.
2. will not occur spontaneously.
3. will proceed at a rapid rate.
4. will proceed spontaneously from A to B
4. A furanose ring
1. Is present in fructose
2. Is a 5 membered ring
3. Is generated by high temperature oxidation of glucose
4. (a) and (b)
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BCHM210 Trimester 3, 2015
7. For each molecule of glucose converted to pyruvate in the glycolytic pathway ___
molecules of ATP are used initially (Preparatory Stage) and ____ molecules of ATP are
produced (Payoff Stage) for an overall yield of ___ molecules of ATP/glucose. The
"ATP math" is:
1. -2 + 4 = 2
2. -1 + 4 = 3
3. -2 + 5 = 3
4. -1 + 2 = 1
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BCHM210 Trimester 3, 2015
13. Which metabolic pathway or process is common to both aerobic and anaerobic
oxidation of sugar?
1. Citric acid cycle
2. Chemiosmosis in mitochondrion
3. glycolysis
4. oxidation of pyruvic acid to CO2
14. What substance is produced by the oxidation of pyruvate and feeds into the citric acid
cycle?
1. pyruvate
2. glucose
3. acetyl-CoA
4. O2
15. Which of the following are functions of the citric acid cycle?
1. the generation of NADH and FADH2
2. the formation of α-ketoglutarate
3. the oxidation of acetyl-CoA produced from glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation
4. all of the above
16. In a eukaryotic cell, most of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are located in
the
1. cytosol
2. intermembrane space.
3. inner mitochondrial membrane.
4. mitochondrial matrix
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BCHM210 Trimester 3, 2015
19. In aerobic cellular respiration, which generates more ATP, substrate-level
phosphorylation or oxidative-level phosphorylation?
1. substrate-level phosphorylation
2. oxidative-level phosphorylation
3. both generate the same amount of ATP
4. neither generates any ATP
22. The pentose phosphate pathway is utilized for all of the following EXCEPT which one?
1. formation of ATP
2. generation of NADPH
3. ribose-5-phosphate synthesis
4. ribose-5-phosphate degradation
5. synthesis of pentoses
23. Energy that is released from glucose during respiration but not transferred to ATP
bonds can be detected as:
1. H2O
2. CO2
3. ADP
4. Heat
24. If one molecule of glucose is completely oxidised to H2O and CO2, a total of:
1. 38 molecules of ATP may be produced
2. 34 molecules of ATP may be produced
3. 36 molecules of ATP may be produced
4. 32 molecules of ATP may be produced
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BCHM210 Trimester 3, 2015
25. The energetic efficiency of a car engine (petrol --> motion) is about 25%. By contrast,
the energetic efficiency of complete oxidation of one mole of glucose (glucose --> ATP)
in vivo is
1. less than 10%
2. about 15%
3. around 35%
4. more than 70%
26. Which series lists steps of the TCA in their correct order of formation:
1. Citrate, α ketoglutarate, isocitrate, succinyl CoA, succinate
2. Citrate, α ketoglutarate, cis-aconitate, isocitrate, succinyl CoA
3. Succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumerate, malate
4. Succinate, fumerate, oxaloacetate, malate,
27. The respiratory chain complex on the inner mitochondrial membrane that is flavin based,
passes electrons to Coenzyme Q and is inhibited by the rat poison rotenone is:
1. Complex 1
2. Complex 2
3. Complex 3
4. Complex 4
5. ATP synthase
28. Which metabolic pathway or process is common to both aerobic and anaerobic oxidation
of sugar?
1. citric acid cycle
2. chemiosmosis in mitochondrion
3. glycolysis
4. oxidation of pyruvic acid to CO2
29. The chemiosmotic model which links the proton motive force with ATP synthesis was
proposed by:
1. Linus Pauling
2. Melvin Calvin
3. Frederick Sanger
4. Peter Mitchell
5. Melvin Bragg
30. The “energy charge” of the cell is determined by:
1. The redox potential measured in mV
2. The extent of ionisation of the molecule
3. The quantity of energy released (kJ) if fully oxidised
4. The quantity of ATP in the cell relative to ADP and AMP
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