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QUEER BRITISH ART
1861–1967
5 April – 1 October 2017
L ARGE PRINT GUIDE
ROOM 1
CODED DESIRES
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Introduction
For me, to use the word ‘queer’ is a liberation;

it was a word that frightened me, but no longer.
Derek Jarman
Queer British Art 1861–1967 explores connections between

art and a wide range of sexualities and gender identities in
a period of dynamic change. The exhibition begins in 1861
when the death penalty for sodomy was abolished and ends
in 1967 with the partial decriminalisation of sex between men.
Legal persecution affected many, yet for some, this was a time
of liberation – of people finding themselves, identifying each
other and building communities.
Terms such as ‘lesbian’, ‘gay’, ‘bisexual’ and ‘trans’ were not

widely recognised for much of this period and would have
been unknown to many of the artists and audiences whose
perspectives we explore. Often their approaches do not fall
easily into these categories. We have used the broader term
‘queer’ to avoid imposing more specific identity labels.
Much material has been lost or destroyed – this is a history

punctuated by bonfires and dustbins. Queer experience is
diverse and there are some perspectives for which we have
found little surviving material. This is not a definitive selection
of queer British artworks. Rather, we hope this exhibition will
be part of a bigger conversation that will encourage more
material, more stories and more lives to be discovered.
ROOM 1
CODED DESIRES
In spite of the Victorian era’s prudish reputation, there are
many possible traces of transgressive desire in its art – in
Frederic Leighton’s sensuous male nudes, for instance, or
Evelyn De Morgan’s depictions of Jane Hales. Simeon Solomon
attracted sustained criticisms of ‘unwholesomeness’ or
‘effeminacy’ – terms which suggest disapproval of alternative
forms of masculinity as much as same-sex desire. Yet other
works which might look queer to us passed without comment.
The death penalty for sodomy was abolished in 1861 but

it was still punishable with imprisonment. Sex between
women was not illegal and society sometimes tolerated such
relationships. Yet for most people, there seems to have been
little sense that certain sexual practices or forms of gender
expression reflected a core aspect of the self. Instead, this
was a world of fluid possibilities.
These ambiguities offered scope for artists to produce work

that was open to homoerotic interpretation. Queer subcultures
developed: new scholarship on same-sex desire in Renaissance
Italy and ancient Greece allowed artists to use these
civilisations as reference points, while the beautiful youths
in Wilhelm von Gloeden’s photographs attracted communities
of collectors. As long as there was no public suggestion that
artists had acted on their desires, there was much that could
be explored and expressed.
Work labels
Anti-clockwise from wall text
Simeon Solomon 1840 –1905

Self-Portrait
1859
Graphite on paper
N03410
This delicate self-portrait is by Simeon Solomon, an artist

who explored themes of sexual ambiguity and same-sex
desire in much of his work. He met Dante Gabriel Rossetti and
was introduced to the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood, becoming
close friends with Edward Burne-Jones and poet critic Algernon
Charles Swinburne. His drawings were much admired and he
exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1858 onwards. In 1873
he was arrested in a public urinal with George Roberts, a
stableman, and was convicted of attempted buggery and fined.
Many friends abandoned him. He died in St Giles Workhouse
on 14 August 1905 at the age of 65.
Tate. Presented anonymously 1919

Simeon Solomon 1840–1905
The Bride, Bridegroom and Sad Love
1865
Ink on paper
X00685
This work was inspired by a passage from the Gospel of

St John which tells how ‘the friend of the bridegroom…
rejoices greatly at the bridegroom’s voice’. In Solomon’s
drawing, the friend of the bridegroom has the wings of love
but his downcast expression identifies him as ‘sad love’, forever
excluded. The positioning of his and the bridegroom’s hands
hints at the reason for his grief, implying that that they are
former sexual partners. He is forced to look on as his lover
enters a heterosexual marriage: a fate shared by many men
in same-sex relationships in this period.
Victoria and Albert Museum

Babylon hath been a Golden Cup
1859
Ink and graphite on paper
X00546
Solomon was Jewish and many of his earliest drawings

engage with religious themes. This example was exhibited
in London at the French Gallery’s 1839 Winter Exhibition.
The work illustrates a passage from The Book of Jerimiah,
lamenting: ‘Babylon hath been a golden cup in the hand of
the Lord, which hath made all the earth drunken: the nations
have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.’
Any moral seems absent from Solomon’s design, which
depicts a hedonistic scene of decadent excess. Dancers cavort
behind the bearded ruler, who leans against an ambiguously
gendered harpist. Such androgyny is typical of Solomon’s work.
Lent by Birmingham Museums Trust on behalf of

Birmingham City Council
Bacchus
1867
Oil paint on paper on canvas
X63134
The classical god of wine, Bacchus also embodies sexual

ambiguity and gender fluidity. While grapes and vine leaves
identify the god in Solomon’s painting, Bacchus’s full lips,
luxuriant hair and enigmatic gaze hint at his elusive sexuality.
When it was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1867, the
critic of The Art Journal thought the figure looked effeminate,
commenting ‘Bacchus is a sentimentalist of rather weak
constitution; he drinks mead, possibly sugar and water,
certainly not wine’. Solomon’s friend, critic Walter Pater
wrote a favourable essay about the painting and poet
Algernon Charles Swinburne said he found in Solomon and
Bacchus alike, ‘the stamp of sorrow; of perplexities unsolved
and desires unsatisfied.’
Lent by Birmingham Museums Trust on

behalf of Birmingham City Council
Sappho and Erinna in a Garden at Mytilene
1864
Watercolour on paper
T03063
This strikingly frank image shows the ancient Greek poet

Sappho in a passionate embrace with her fellow poet Erinna.
Sappho is associated with the Island of Lesbos and her story
gives us the word ‘lesbian’. There was a surge of interest in
Sappho’s achievements and desires from the 1840s onwards.
Solomon may be responding to his friend Algernon Charles
Swinburne’s poem Anactoria which includes Erinna amongst
Sappho’s lovers. While female same-sex desire was considered
more acceptable than its male equivalent, Solomon’s depiction
of Sappho’s fervent kiss and Erinna’s swooning response is
unusually explicit and the image was not publically exhibited.
Tate. Purchased 1980

The Moon and Sleep
1894
Oil paint on canvas
T01719
Made a few years after Solomon’s arrest and social

ostracisation, this painting depicts the love of the moon
goddess Selene for Endymion, who, in one version of the
myth, is given eternal youth and eternal sleep by Zeus.
While it ostensibly depicts a heterosexual pairing, the striking
similarity of the profiles of the figures in Solomon’s painting
gives them both an air of androgyny. This painting was given
to Tate by a descendent of Rachel Simmons, Solomon’s first
cousin, who helped to support him after his fall from public
favour by regularly buying his works for small sums of money.
Tate. Presented by Miss Margery Abrahams in memory of

Dr Bertram L. Abrahams and Jane Abrahams 1973
Corruptio Optimi Pessima: Medusa
c.1890s
Chalk on paper
X63293
This anguished drawing is one of a series of images of

Medusa that Solomon made towards the end of his career.
The titles of some of the other works in the series embody
their sense of inner turmoil: The Tormented Conscience 1889,
The Sleep of Remorse 1886 and, in this example, Corruptio
Optimi Pessima. which can be translated as ‘The corruption
of the best is the worst of all’. The use of ‘optimi’ rather than
‘optimae’ in the Latin inscription reveals that the Medusa,
traditionally a woman, is here masculine.
Neil Bartlett and James Gardiner Collection

Sidney Harold Meteyard 1868–1947
Hope Comforting Love in Bondage
Exhibited 1901
Oil paint on canvas
X64042
Hope is depicted as a respectably fully-clothed matron,

whereas Love’s only costume is his elaborate cloth bindings
and the rose briars that are delicately threaded through the
feathers of his wings. The flowers and thorns of the roses hint
at pleasures and pains combined. Love’s pensive expression
and androgynous beauty is reminiscent of the work of Simeon
Solomon and, while Hope stretches out her hand to comfort
him, his gaze is fixed elsewhere, leaving the object of his
affections undefined.

Evelyn De Morgan 1855–1919
Aurora Triumphans
1877–8
Oil paint on canvas
X63884
Aurora, goddess of the dawn, is shown here gently

disentangling herself from the bonds of Night, depicted as
a woman covertly departing in a swirl of dark drapery. Evelyn
De Morgan’s model for Aurora was Jane Hales, who was
originally her sister’s nursemaid. De Morgan’s repeated images
of Hales – often depicted nude – have encouraged speculation
on the nature of their relationship. In this period, same-sex
relationships between women were not always regarded as
incompatible with heterosexual marriage. Whatever the truth,
Hales was a much-loved member of the household and was
buried next to Evelyn and Evelyn’s husband, the ceramicist
William De Morgan.
Lent by the Russell‑Cotes Art Gallery & Museum,

Bournemouth (BORGM 00665)
Frederic Leighton 1830–1896
Daedalus and Icarus
Exhibited 1869
Oil paint on canvas
X63246
In a story from the Roman poet Ovid’s Metamorphoses,

Daedalus made wings for his son Icarus to escape from
Rhodes. Icarus’s golden beauty is here contrasted with his
weather-beaten father. When the work was exhibited at
the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition in 1869, The Times
anxiously remarked that Icarus had the air of ‘a maiden
rather than a youth’ and exhibited ‘the soft rounded contour
of a feminine breast’. This response may reflect increasing
concern amongst educated circles about the pairings of
older men and adolescent youths in books such as Plato’s
Symposium, as new scholarship explored the eroticism of
the original texts.
Private collection
Henry Scott Tuke 1858–1929
A Bathing Group
1914
Oil paint on canvas
X63142
While Henry Scott Tuke used the professional model Nicola

Lucciani for this painting, it is similar to his images of Cornish
youths in its frank appreciation of the male nude. Lucciani’s
torso is illuminated by a shaft of sunlight and he looks towards
the second figure, who crouches as if in awe of his godlike
beauty. Tuke presented the painting to the Royal Academy
on his election as a member. Tuke used professional models
when he first moved to Cornwall, but he soon befriended
some of the local fishermen and swimmers in Falmouth who
modelled for him in many paintings.
Lent by the Royal Academy of Arts, London

The Critics
1927
Oil paint on board
X63303
Made just two years before Tuke’s death, The Critics is one
of a number of works by Henry Scott Tuke depicting young
men bathing off the Cornish coast. There has been much
speculation about his relationships with his Cornish models
although nothing has been substantiated. It is, however, not
difficult to find a homoerotic undercurrent in this painting,
as the two men on the shore appraise the swimming
technique – and possibly the physique – of the youth in the
water. Writer John Addington Symonds was a frequent visitor
and he encouraged Tuke in his painting of male nudes in a
natural outdoor setting.
Courtesy of Leamington Spa Art Gallery & Museum

(Warwick District Council)
July Sun
1913
Oil paint on canvas
X63143
The model for July Sun was artists’ model Nicola Lucciani,
an Italian who Tuke brought down from London to paint. Tuke
also used him as a model for A Bathing Group, shown nearby.
This painting is the more naturalistic – Lucciani is shown sitting
alone on some rocks, probably the coast near Falmouth where
Tuke lived. Tuke gave this painting to the Royal Academy in
1917, the year after Lucciani was killed in action in the First
World War.
Lent by the Royal Academy of Arts, London

Showcase
Left to right

Two Youths
Modern reproduction
Photographs, digital print on paper
Z07078
Tate Archive. TGA 9019/1/4/5/9

Youth Lying Down
Modern reproduction
Z07081

Two Youths
Modern reproduction
Z07079
William Blake Richmond 1842–1921
The Bowlers
1870
Oil paint on canvas
X00592
When William Blake Richmond’s painting was first displayed

at the Royal Academy in 1871, viewers were shocked by the
inclusion of nude men and partially nude women in the same
image. Lady Frederick Cavendish described it in her diary as
depicting, ‘ancients playing at bowls with nothing on, which
I can not appreciate.’ The bowlers’ poses reference famous
ancient statues, such as the bending bowler who evokes the
Discobolus (discus thrower). Some modern scholars have
argued that these poses combine in ways that are open to
homoerotic interpretation. This was not commented on by
the painting’s original audience.
The Master, Fellows, and Scholars of Downing College

in the University of Cambridge
Wilhelm von Gloeden 1856–1931
Head of a Sicilian Boy
1890s
Three Nude Youths
c.1900
2 photographs, Albumen print on paper
X64242, X64243
German photographer Wilhelm von Gloeden’s images of

Sicilian youths were internationally acclaimed. Writer Edmund
Gosse told his friend John Addington Symonds he had taken
a packet of these photographs to poet Robert Browning’s
funeral in Westminster Abbey and ‘peeped at it again and
again’. Von Gloden’s style was naturalistic, posing his models in
the landscape or ruins of Taormina, where he settled in 1878.
To our eyes, there is a troubling power dynamic between the
wealthy von Gloeden and the impoverished Sicilian community,
and the uncertain age of some of his models gives an
uncomfortable undercurrent to his work.
Victoria and Albert Museum, London

Charles Robert Ashbee 1863–1942
Twin-handled Cup
1893
Metal
X63979
Made for Ashbee’s friend James Headlam, this cup is

inscribed ‘To the ancient, from CRA, on the mournful occasion
of his transition into matrimony’. This could be a joke about
Headlam’s loss of bachelor freedoms but within the queer
camaraderie of Ashbee’s circle it may also imply regret on
abandoning same-sex passions for heterosexual respectability.
Ashbee was a member of the Order of Chaeronea, a queer
secret society. The cup’s shape is somewhat suggestive: the
central stem with the balls at the base and at the top of the
drooping handles from certain angles resemble erect and
flaccid penises. In 1898 Ashbee made his own transition,
marrying Janet Forbes who was aware of his attraction to men.
Private collection
Walter Crane 1845–1915
The Renaissance of Venus
1877
Tempera on canvas
N02920
According to artist W Graham Robertson, when this painting

was exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery in 1877, artist Frederic
Leighton exclaimed ‘But my dear fellow, that is not Aphrodite,
that is Alessandro’. This was Alessandro di Marco, a celebrated
male model, who, Robertson claimed, Walter Crane had used
because his wife wouldn’t let him paint from a female nude
model. In spite of this explanation, Robertson appears to have
enjoyed the gender fluid possibilities of the image, continuing
‘Still, she was a fine, upstanding slip of a boy, and in the clear
sunlit atmosphere … she passed for Venus pleasantly enough.’
Tate. Presented by Mrs Watts by the wish of

the late George Frederic Watts 1913
Photographer unknown
John Addington Symonds
c.1850s
Photograph, tinted collodion on paper
X64247
John Addington Symonds was a writer, critic and an early

campaigner for greater tolerance of same-sex desire. This
photograph probably dates from Symonds’s time at Oxford
University (1858–1863). His studies informed his later essay,
A Problem in Greek Ethics 1873, one of the earliest attempts
at a history of male same-sex desire. Symonds frankly
discussed his desires in his diaries and unpublished writings,
which he believed would be ‘useful to society’. However, when
his friend Edmund Gosse inherited Symonds’s papers in 1926,
he burned them all apart from Symonds’s autobiography.
This destruction nauseated Symonds’s granddaughter Janet
Vaughan. It was not until 1984 that Symonds’s autobiography
was finally published.

Walter Pater 1839–1894
Studies in the history of the Renaissance
1873
London and New York: MacMillan and Co. 1983
X66797
Male beauty is a recurrent theme in Walter Pater’s

Studies in the History of the Renaissance but critics
were most appalled at its ‘Conclusion’, advocating
‘art for art’s sake’. This chapter was interpreted
as anti-religious and endorsing hedonism. It was
removed for the second edition before being printed
in the edited form shown here. Controversy around
the book and rumours of a love affair with a male
undergraduate cost Pater a prized academic position.
Despite such efforts, Pater’s original text had a
profound effect on a generation of artists and
critics, including Oscar Wilde who termed the book
his ‘golden book’.
Private collection
Middle of room
Frederic Leighton 1830–1896

The Sluggard
1885
Bronze
N01752
Frederic Leighton’s The Sluggard seems to epitomise the

dangerous beauty of aestheticism, the art movement dedicated
to ‘art for art’s sake’. While he has the well-toned body of an
athlete, his actions are involuntary and he is shown trampling
a laurel crown as he throws off the last vestiges of sleep. It
was exhibited to great acclaim in 1886. The figure’s pleasure
in his body suggests values critic Walter Pater associated with
the Renaissance: man’s ‘reassertion of himself’ as opposed
to the medieval tendency ‘to depreciate man’s nature . .
. to make it ashamed of itself ’. Leighton’s sculpture was
influenced by Michelangelo’s Dying Slave and it is striking that
it was executed at a time when Michelangelo’s sexuality was
beginning to be re-evaluated.
Tate. Presented by Sir Henry Tate 1894

Hamo Thornycroft 1850–1925
The Mower
1888–90
Bronze
T03963
Hamo Thornycroft’s innovative depiction of an attractive

worker in labouring dress reflects Victorian fascination with
the eroticised working-class body. The sculpture was based
on a sketch that Thornycroft made during a summer boat trip
along the Thames in 1882. The party included writer Edmund
Gosse, who was in love with Thornycroft, although there is
no evidence to suggest that this was requited. Thornycroft
displayed a life-size version of this work at the Royal Academy
with lines from poet Matthew Arnold’s Thrysis and Gosse later
reworked this poem to homoerotic effect in The Shepherd of
the Thames, published after Thornycroft’s marriage.
Tate. Presented by Arthur Grogan 1985

A LL- GEN DER S
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M A NTON
FOY ER
INTER AC TIV E
SPACE
QUEER BRITISH ART
1861–1967
L ARGE PRINT GUIDE
ROOM 2
PUBLIC INDECENC Y

This room looks at ways in which sexuality and gender identity
did – and did not – go public, from the 1880s to the 1920s.
Public debate over sexuality and gender identity was stirred
up by scandals, campaigns and scientific studies. The trials of
Oscar Wilde in 1895 for gross indecency and Radclyffe Hall’s
novel The Well of Loneliness in 1928 for supposed obscenity
put a spotlight on same-sex desire. In the field of science,
the project of classifying sexual practices and forms of gender
presentation into distinct identities, which had been begun by
German psychiatrists such as Richard von Krafft-Ebing, reached
Britain through the work of Havelock Ellis who co-authored his
book Sexual Inversion 1896 with John Addington Symonds.
However, change was slow, and many people remained
unaware of new terminologies and approaches to the self
that this new science offered.
Work labels
Clockwise from wall text
Roger Fry 1866–1934

Edward Carpenter
1894
Oil paint on canvas
X63274
Roger Fry met the campaigner Edward Carpenter in 1886,

when Carpenter gave a lecture in Cambridge. In defiance of
his times, Carpenter was a passionate advocate of same-sex
relationships, vegetarianism, socialism and women’s sexual
autonomy and published extensively on these topics. Fry
visited Carpenter at Millthorpe, the house in the Peak District
where Carpenter lived openly with his working class lover
George Merrill. They forged a lasting friendship. Fry described
the painting in a letter to his mother as depicting Carpenter
in his ‘very anarchist overcoat ’. The chair half-seen in the
foreground and reflection in the mirror establishes the
setting as a distinct space, possibly Fry’s studio.
National Portrait Gallery, London. Given by Roger Fry, 1930

Henry Bishop 1868–1939
Henry Havelock Ellis
1890s
Oil paint on canvas
X63275
The sexologist Henry Havelock Ellis’s great work Sexual

Inversion, co-authored with John Addington Symonds,
defined queer sexualities in Britain for a generation. Published
in English in 1897, it drew on the experiences of people
such as Edward Carpenter (whose portrait hangs nearby). It
was effectively banned in Britain after the prosecution of a
bookseller, George Bedborough. This informal portrait was
probably made around the time of Bedborough’s trial. It
depicts Ellis sitting in a deckchair in Henry Bishop’s studio in
St Ives. There is some evidence Bishop was attracted to men
and Ellis’s non-judgemental attitudes may have encouraged
Bishop to make his acquaintance. He became a lifelong friend
National Portrait Gallery, London.

Bequeathed by François Lafitte, 2003
Edmund Dulac 1882–1953
Charles Ricketts and Charles Shannon as Medieval Saints
1920
Tempera on linen over board
X63261
Oscar Wilde described the home of the artist and designer

Charles Ricketts and his lifelong partner the painter Charles
Shannon as ‘the one house in London where you will never be
bored’. Here, the couple are playfully depicted by their friend
Edmund Dulac in the robes of Dominican friars. These robes
possibly hint at the permanence of their bond: monastic vows
were, after all, intended to mark entry for life into an all-male
community. The peacock feather in Rickett’s hand signals
their devotion to aestheticism, an art movement dedicated
to beauty and ‘art for art’s sake’. By the 1920s, this was an
emblem of a previous era.
The Syndics of the Fitzwilliam Museum,

University of Cambridge
Michael Field
The jewellery in this case was designed by Charles Ricketts

for his friends Michael Field. Michael Field was born Edith
Cooper and Katherine Bradley but together they developed a
shared identity under the single male name of Michael Field.
Despite Bradley being Cooper’s aunt, the two became lovers
and life partners. Their identity as Michael Field was integral
to their lives. While they dressed in a traditionally feminine
manner, they often (although not exclusively) used male
names (‘Michael’ for Bradley, ‘Henry’ or ‘Field’ for Cooper)
and pronouns, sometimes using a single male pronoun to
refer to both of them. Ricketts was one of their closest friends.
He addressed them as ‘Poet’ and they called him ‘Artist’, ‘Fay’
or ‘Fairyman’.
When the sexologist Havelock Ellis inquired about Michael

Field’s literary collaboration, they replied: ‘We cross and
interlace like a company of dancing summer flies. . . Let no
man think he can put asunder what God has joined’. The later
phrase, echoing the words of the Anglican marriage service,
hints at the strength of their relationship and they described
themselves as ‘closer married’ than fellow poets Elizabeth
Barrett Browning and Robert Browning.
Top
Charles Ricketts 1866–1931
Made by Carlo & Arthur Giuliano, jeweller, London
Pendant: Pegasus Drinking from the Fountain of Hippocrene
with portrait of Miss Edith Emma Cooper
1901
Gold, enamel, garnets, pearls, graphite, watercolour, gold on card
Charles Ricketts’s design for this pendant is inscribed ‘executed

for Michael Field to contain a minature of Miss Cooper’ and
the portrait is monogrammed ‘MF’ for ‘Michael Field’. In their
joint diary, they recorded how Ricketts depicted the face as if
seen under a flash of lightening; ‘Then he discoverd the infinite
greyness of gold used as a shadow & that gave the pallor and
sensitiveness to the face, specially the nose.’
Centre left
Pendant
1988
Gold, enamel, pearl, amethyst
Charles Ricketts originally designed this pendant to feature in a

painting of Icarus and showed it to Michael Field when Giuliano
had finished making it. Michael Field greatly admired it and
Ricketts gave it to Michael/Bradley as a present.
Centre right
The Sabbatai Ring
1904
Gold, sapphire, emerald, ambergris
The ring was inspired by a play written by Michael Field about

the Jewish mystic Sabbatai Sebi. Worn on a chain round the
neck, it was designed to appeal to the senses: it contains a
loose emerald and was originally smeared with the perfume
ambergris. Their journal tells how ‘Fay [Charles Ricketts]
is charmed by the ring Solomon in Michael’s ‘entre sein’
[cleavage] – We talk toilette – how the breasts run wild in the
new Samothrace corsets – They should be lifted somewhat
like wine bottles raised for pouring!’
Bottom
The Blue Bird Brooch
1899
Gold, enamel, garnets, pearls, graphite, watercolour, gold on card
Charles Ricketts designed this brooch for Field/Cooper as

present for Michael/Bradley’s birthday in 1900. Michael/
Bradley wrote ‘My love has given me L’Oiseau bleu – the
brooch designed by Ricketts – Byzantine, wonderful’. The
design was very similar to one by Edward Burne-Jones, whom
Michael Field greatly admired. It became a favourite piece and
was worn so often that it had to be repaired.
X63258, X63259, X63256

Case

Psyche’s Reception by the Gods
1901
Paper leaf, painted in bodycolour with gold, backed with
parchment mounted on mother-of-pearl sticks and guards
X63257
This fan shows the conclusion of the story of Psyche and Eros.
After many trials, the couple were allowed to marry.They can
be seen embracing on the left. Michael Field published a cycle
of poems telling this story in their volume Bellerophôn 1881.
The style of this image resembles the work of Edward Burne-
Jones. It is inscribed ‘To M. Field’, underlining the importance
of their shared identity.

Beresford Egan 1905–1984
St Stephen from The Sink of Solitude
1928
Print
X64018
Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness inspired many satires

including the The Girls of Radclyffe Hall by Lord Berners,
depicting his (male) friends such as Cecil Beaton as libidinous
schoolgirls, and Beresford Egan’s The Sink Of Solitude.
Illustrated as well as written by Egan, here he presents Hall’s
tortured hero Stephen Gordon as ‘St Stephen’, grim-faced with
Hall’s own profile. A nubile and strikingly explicit female figure
leaps across the scene while a demonic cupid looks on. The
style of the illustration owes much to Aubrey Beardsley, whose
Lysistrata illustrations were obliquely cited at Hall’s trial as
evidence that artistic merit did not justify obscenity.
Dr Lorna Booth
Charles Buchel 1872–1950
Radclyffe Hall
1918
Oil paint on canvas
X63277
Born ‘Marguerite’ Radclyffe Hall and known as ‘John’ to close

friends, Radclyffe Hall was a key figure in provoking debate
on female same-sex desire. This portrait was made ten
years before Hall found fame as the author of The Well of
Loneliness 1928. Despite the pleas of literary figures, including
Virginia Woolf, this novel was effectively banned on the
grounds of obscenity for its frank depiction of female same-
sex desire. It was semi-autobiographical and was influenced
by Havelock Ellis’s Sexual Inversion. Hall’s sober jacket, skirt,
cravat and monocle in this image reflected contemporary
female fashions for a more masculine style of dress. After the
trial, Hall’s clothes and cropped hair became associated with
lesbianism and this portrait has become a queer icon. It was
given to the National Portrait Gallery by Hall’s lover, Una
Troubridge.

Bequeathed by Una Elena Vincenzo (née Taylor),
Lady Troubridge, 1963
Case
The Trials of Oscar Wilde

In 1891 Oscar Wilde was introduced to Lord Alfred Douglas, a
handsome undergraduate at Oxford University who was known
as ‘Bosie’. An intimate friendship followed which developed
into a tempestuous love affair. Wilde was entranced and
lavished gifts on Bosie. Bosie had a reckless temperament
and a taste for male sex workers. He encouraged Wilde to
explore the underbelly of Victorian society, which Wilde had
immortalised in his 1890 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.
Bosie’s father, the Marquis of Queensberry, got wind of

their relationship. On 18 February 1895 he left the calling
card (shown here) at Wilde’s club with a misspelled inscription:
‘For Oscar Wilde, posing Somdomite’. Bosie encouraged Wilde
to sue for libel and Wilde,against the advice of his friends,
complied. The trial collapsed when Queensberry’s lawyers and
detectives produced evidence of Wilde’s relationships with sex
workers. Wilde was arrested and his creditors closed in. On 25
May 1895, he was convicted of gross indecency and sentenced
to two years hard labour.
Gillman and Co.
Oscar Wilde and Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas
1893
Photograph, gelatin silver print on paper
X63278
National Portrait Gallery, London
Visiting card and envelope for the Marquis of Queensberry;

Exhibit ‘A’ in Oscar Wilde’s Trial
18 February 1895
X64743, X66255
On loan from The National Archives, UK, CRIM 1/41/6 f.1,
CRIM 1/41/6 f.2
This is the visiting card, inscribed ‘For Oscar Wilde, posing

Somdomite’, that the Marquis of Queensberry left at Oscar
Wilde’s club. Wilde sued for libel but the evidence amassed
by Queensberry’s lawyers led to Wilde’s own downfall.
Programme for ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’

by Oscar Wilde
1895
X64248
V&A Theatre and Performance.
This programme was from the first production of Wilde’s The

Importance of Being Earnest, which was having its first run
at the time of his arrest. The scandal frightened audiences
away and Wilde’s name was swiftly dropped from the
programme and all advertising material.
Aubrey Beardsley 1872–1898
Cover design for ‘The Yellow Book’
1894
Ink on paper
N04171
The Yellow Book was the leading journal associated with the
decadent movement. It took its name from the wrapping used
for controversial French novels. Wilde never wrote for it but it
was widely reported that he had a yellow book with him when
he was arrested at the Cadogan Hotel, (it was actually Pierre
Louÿs’s French novel Aphrodite). This confusion caused
a crowd to mob the magazine’s publishing house.
Tate. Bequeathed by John Lane 1926

Robert Harper Pennington 1854–1920
Oscar Wilde
c.1881
Oil paint on canvas
X63132
The American artist Harper Pennington gave this portrait to

Wilde and his wife Constance as a wedding present in 1884.
It captures Wilde as a young man aged 27, on the cusp of
success and it hung in Wilde’s home in Tite Street, Chelsea,
London. While awaiting trial, Wilde was declared bankrupt
and all his possessions, including this portrait, were sold at
public auction to pay his debts. Few objects from his extensive
collection have been traced. This painting was bought by
Wilde’s friend Ada Leverson and it was kept in storage. Wilde
told a friend that Ada’s husband ‘could not have it in his
drawing-room as it was obviously, on account of its subject,
demoralising to young men, and possibly to young women
of advanced views’.
William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, Los Angeles, California

Oscar Wilde’s Prison Door
c.1883
Wood and metal
X63336
This is the door of Oscar Wilde’s prison cell at Reading Gaol.

Wilde spent three months of his incarceration writing a
tortured letter to his lover Lord Alfred Douglas. This was later
published as De Profundis (‘from the depths’). Wilde was not
allowed to send the letter, although the manuscript was given
back to him when he left prison. He told his friend Robert
Ross, ‘I know that on the day of my release I will merely be
moving from one prison into another, and there are times
when the whole world seems to be no larger than my cell,
and as full of terror for me. ‘
Kindly loaned by the Galleries of Justice Museum, Nottingham

Top
The Examination of the Herald from ‘Lysistrata’
by Aristophanes
1896
Ink on paper
In Aristophanes’s play Lysistrata, the Spartan women have

rejected their men through a similar pact to Lysistrata’s
Athenians, causing their messenger to arrive with a giant
erection. Perhaps he is also making a joke about impotence in
the Athenian’s gesture towards his own diminutive (and flaccid)
penis. The Herald’s confidence and the Athenian’s sly smile,
extended fingers and close proximity to the Herald’s erection
all offer scope for viewers to ignore the literary context and
interpret the scene as a titillating sexual encounter.
Bottom
The Lacedaemonian Ambassadors from ‘Lysistrata’
by Aristophanes
1896
Ink on paper
Refused sex by their women, the Lacedaemonian ambassadors

arrive on stage with giant erections. Their only adornments are
their fetishistic hair, boots and an elaborate turban. The man
at the front clutches his enormous phallus, possibly signalling
masturbation, while the man at the rear stretches his hand
out towards the central man’s penis, their intertwined feet
potentially suggesting entangled bodies. This is a very different
sort of encounter to the easy lesbianism of the Athenian
women: the instigator here looks away furtively, signalling
the illicit nature of this encounter.
Left
Lysistrata Haranguing the Athenian Women from ‘Lysistrata’
by Aristophanes
1896
Ink on paper
Beardsley’s publisher Leonard Smithers commissioned drawings

for his 1896 edition of Aristophanes’s bawdy play Lysistrata
411BC. Here Lysistrata tells the Athenian women that they can
end war if they will ‘Abstain from – Penis’. The comfortable
nudity of the women contrasts with Lysistrata’s elaborate
ruffles, suggesting, perhaps, a contrast between natural
sexuality and artificial abstinence. Agreeing to Lysistrata’s plan
does not seem to be constraining the women to chastity. The
heavy-lidded figure on the right is already reaching towards
the central woman’s crotch, her outstretched figures suggesting
the means by which she can offer sexual gratification.
X64233, X64235, X64236
Victoria and Albert Museum.

Purchased with the assistance of The Art Fund
Jacques-Emile Blanche 1861–1942
Aubrey Vincent Beardsley
1895
Oil paint on canvas
X63276
Painted in August 1895 in the wake of the Wilde scandal,

this portrait captures Beardsley’s dandyish appearance.
While Beardsley does not seem to have had relationships
with men, his association with Wilde through Salome led to
his dismissal as editor of literary journal The Yellow Book
(see the nearby showcase). The artist, Jacques-Émile Blanche,
became a friend although he found Beardsley’s stories ‘so
daring it would have been better had he told them in Greek’.
Blanche described Beardsley as ‘wearing a light grey suit, a
flower in his buttonhole, gloved, he held a big cane vertically
in the middle with which he struck the ground chanting his
sentences and accompanying his words ’.

Top
Enter Herodias from ‘Salome’ by Oscar Wilde
1890s
Photo-process print on paper
Here Herodias, Salome’s mother makes a dramatic entrance,

bare-breasted and positioned at the centre of the composition.
The grotesque figure on the left plucks at her cloak, his robe
barely concealing his giant phallus, while the slender page
appears notably unmoved. They seem to epitomise two forms
of masculinity: the grotesquely heterosexual and the elegantly
ambiguous. Oscar Wilde is satirised as the showman-like jester
in the foreground.
Bottom
The Peacock Skirt from ‘Salome’ by Oscar Wilde
c.1890s
In this scene from Oscar Wilde’s play Salome, the dancer

Salome seductively asks the guard Narraboth to bring out
Iokanaan (John the Baptist). Like the male peacock’s tail, her
‘peacock skirt’ is spread out to display her sexuality. Beardsley’s
design allows their meeting to be interpreted suggestively.
Salome’s cloak turns her body into a phallic column, her head
forming its head. She seems about to engulf the diminutive
Narraboth, who is depicted somewhat effeminately. Slender
and elegant, he hooks one finger in his robe and limply raises
his other wrist.
Right
The Dancer’s Reward from ‘Salome’ by Oscar Wilde
1890s
Oscar Wilde wrote his play Salome in Paris in 1891. Wilde saw
a drawing that Beardsley had made of a scene from the play
for The Studio magazine and asked Beardsley to illustrate the
English edition of Salome, published in 1894. In the image
shown here, Salome receives the head of Iokanaan (John the
Baptist). Scholars have commented on the phallic appearance
of the executioner’s elongated arm and the vaginal imagery of
Salome’s open gown. Her pointed teeth in Beardsley’s design
make her seem vampiric and she grips Iokanaan’s forelock
with savage force.
X63297, X63298, X64232

Maud Allan as Salome in ‘The Vision of Salome’
c.1908
J Beagles & Co.
Bromide postcard print
X63358
Billed as ‘The Salome Dancer’, Maud Allan’s Vision of Salome

opened in Vienna in 1906 before travelling to London. Allen
designed her own scanty (by Edwardian standards) costumes
and gained such a reputation that she was barred from several
cities on her 1909 tour of Britain. Her exotic act and colourful
life led MP Noel Pemberton Billing to accuse her in 1918 of
being ‘a member of the cult of the clitoris’, a phrase that
variously hints at sexual pleasure, promiscuity and lesbianism.
Allen sued for libel but lost, severely damaging her career.

Bequeathed by Patrick O’Connor, 2010
Case
Left to right
Salome’s Followers
Oscar Wilde’s play Salome premiered in Paris in 1896, while
Wilde was still in jail. It had been banned from public theatre
in Britain in 1892, but private theatrical clubs were unaffected
by the law and it was eventually staged at the New English
Theatre Club in 1902. Wilde’s play was already notorious for
its decadent depiction of female sexuality. It inspired many
followers, ranging from Richard Strauss’s opera Salome to
music hall versions of Salome’s exotic ‘dance of the seven veils’.
Malcolm Scott in his ‘Salome’ dress

c.1905
J Beagles & Co.
X63361
Malcolm Scott’s ‘Salome dance’ was directed at a bottle

of whisky. The New York Dramatic Mirror described how:
‘creeping upon it stealthily as the usual Salome approaches
the head of John the Baptist, Scott makes sure of its identity
and then breaks forth into a mad whirling dance of joy,
throwing himself upon the object of his affection and hopping
ecstatically about. Nothing funnier than this moment has been
seen in a New York vaudeville theatre.’
National Portrait Gallery, London. Given by Terence Pepper, 2014

Cecil Beaton 1904–1980
Stephen Tennant as Prince Charming
1927
Photograph, bromide print on paper
X63271
Socialite and ‘Bright Young Thing’ Stephen Tennant lies

as if asleep on shimmering silks, his lips glossy, his hair
perfectly curled, his eyes demurely closed. While he is Prince
Charming, the pose is more reminiscent of Snow White,
waiting chastely for his prince to come and wake him. Beaton
first met the flamboyantly queer Tennant at a house party in
1926, beginning a lifelong friendship. Beaton designed this
Elizabethan costume for Tennant to wear as Prince Charming
in a charity matinée at the New Theatre, London.
National Portrait Gallery, London. Accepted in lieu of tax by

H.M. Government and allocated to the Gallery, 1991
Madge Garland
1927
X63273
Beaton’s photograph of Madge Garland was taken in the

year he signed his first contract with Vogue. Garland started
as British Vogue’s receptionist before rising to become an
influential fashion journalist. Beaton depicts her with smartly
shingled hair against a modernist background. Garland lived
with her lover Dorothy Todd, British Vogue’s second editor,
who had turned the magazine into a bastion of avant-garde
style. Their relationship made them vulnerable – the year
before this photograph was taken, they were both sacked
over falling circulation figures and rumours that reached
Condé Nast, Vogue’s publisher. When Todd threatened to
sue, they were threatened with public exposure.

Bequeathed by Madge Garland, 1991
Cecil Beaton and his Friends
1927
X63279
This photograph was taken at Wilsford Manor in Wiltshire,

Stephen Tennant’s childhood home. The party depicted here
includes Tennant, artist Rex Whistler, society hostess Zita
Jungman and Beaton himself, although their elaborate fancy
dress and make-up makes it hard to tell them apart. The poet
Siegfried Sassoon, Tennant’s lover at this time, wrote in his
diary, ‘It was very amusing, and they were painted up to the
eyes, but I didn’t quite like it’.
National Portrait Gallery, London. Accepted in lieu of tax by

H.M. Government and allocated to the Gallery, 1991
A LL- GEN DER S
TOILE T
5 4
2 3
6
1
7
8
M A NTON
FOY ER
INTER AC TIV E
SPACE
QUEER BRITISH ART
1861–1967
L ARGE PRINT GUIDE
ROOM 3
THE ATRIC AL T YPES

The use of ‘theatrical’ as a euphemism for queer hints at the
rich culture on the late nineteenth and early twentieth century
stage. The extent to which audiences were aware of this
varied. Music hall male and female ‘impersonation acts’ were
wildly popular but were mostly seen as innocent ‘family fun’.
In the formal theatre, plays for public production had to be
passed by the Lord Chamberlain’s office. While some directors
found ways to avoid censorship, there were few positive
and explicit depictions of queer lives and experience. Many
celebrities who were in same-sex relationships understandably
tried to keep their lives from public view, although their desires
were often open secrets. Nevertheless, whether as the subject
of a moralistic ‘problem’ play or an innuendo in a saucy song,
queer perspectives could find public expression on the stage.
Work labels
Anticlockwise from wall text
Programme for ‘The Blackmailers’

1894
Programme, Prince of Wales Theatre, 7 June 1894
X64244
The Blackmailers has been cited as the first overt depiction

of a same-sex relationship on the British stage. The plot
centres on a male couple who blackmail a former mistress.
One of the authors, Gray, had been part of Oscar Wilde’s circle
before moving in with his co-author Raffalovich and the central
characters may have been modelled on Wilde and Bosie. Its
sole performance was at the Prince of Wales Theatre, 7 June
1894, the year before the Wilde trial. The Times found it
‘sordid and repulsive’ while the authors complained that it
had been ‘mangled and mutilated’ by the censor.
V&A Theatre and Performance

Leslie Hurry 1909–1978
Set design for ‘Cat on a Hot Tin Roof’
1958
Ink, gouache and crayon on paper
X64245
The surrealist artist Leslie Hurry designed this production of

Tennessee Williams Cat On A Hot Tin Roof, directed by Peter
Hall and staged in January 1958. The plot centres on Brick,
who has lost interest in his wife and taken to drink after the
death of a close male friend. Private members clubs did not
need approval for scripts so when the censor banned the
play, a club was formed for would-be audience members.
Such staging under ‘club conditions’ was a common subterfuge.
Critics were impressed and commented on the play’s queer
themes, The Guardian referring to Brick’s ‘homosexual
proclivity’.

Purchased with the assistance of the Linbury Trust
Angus Mcbean
Angus McBean’s career was forged in the theatre. Success

came in 1936 with his photographs of Max Beerbohm’s
The Happy Hypocrite 1896, starring Ivor Novello. In a break
with convention, McBean’s close-up images were well lit with
studio lights and staged as intimate tableaux. Inspired by
the International Surrealist exhibitions of 1936 and 1937,
he began to make playful ‘surrealised portraits’, which were
initially published in The Sketch. These used complex props
and staging to create fantastical scenes and to give the
illusion of distorted scale.
The images here all depict sitters who were in same-sex

relationships. McBean’s own relationships with men led to a
police raid on his house and his arrest in 1942 for criminal
acts of homosexuality. He was convicted and sentenced to
four years in jail but was released in 1944 and quickly re-
established his reputation as a photographer.
Angus McBean 1904–1990
Sir Robert Murray Helpmann
1950
X63357
McBean’s portrait of Robert Helpmann, published in The Tatler

and Bystander on 28 April 1948, shows him in the role of
Hamlet, which he was then playing at Stratford-upon-Avon.
The production was designed to be Victorian gothic: an
Elsinore of guttering candles and chiaroscuro lighting effects.
There is perhaps some suggestion of this in the heavy
shadows of McBean’s photograph, while Helpmann’s dramatic
make-up emphasises his melancholic expression. The backdrop
was created from a blown-up photograph of text from the
First Folio of the play. In defiance of the law, Helpmann lived
comparatively openly with his partner, the theatre director
Michael Benthall. Their relationship lasted from 1938 until
Benthall’s death, in 1974.

Binkie Beaumont, Angela Baddeley and (George) Emlyn
Williams
1947
X63307
Published in The Tatler and Bystander on 6 August 1947,

McBean’s portrait of the theatrical producer Binkie Beaumont
was one of the most celebrated in McBean’s Play Personalities
series. It depicts Beaumont apparently manipulating puppets
of the actors Emlyn Williams and Angela Baddeley, in their
roles in the first production of Terence Rattigan’s The Winslow
Boy 1946. While the surreal effect of this image could have
been achieved through montage, McBean preferred to stage
it using a toy theatre and cut-out images of the actors.

Beatrix Lehmann
1937
X6326
Beatrix Lehmann was one of McBean’s first surrealised

portraits, published in The Sketch on 29 December 1937.
This photograph was made to publicise Eugene O’Neill’s
(1888–1953) 1931 play, Mourning Becomes Electra, in which
Lehmann had the starring role of Lavinia. Roy Hobdell painted
the background and McBean dressed the scene with studio
props and a length of taffeta. He described the photograph
as ‘the most simply achieved of all my surreal efforts and
certainly one of the best ’. Lehmann’s relationships with
women were comparatively well known within theatrical
circles. Amongst other lovers, she had a five year relationship
with Henrietta Bingham, who had previously had an affair
with the artist Dora Carrington.
Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh.

Given anonymously 1995
Berto Pasuka
1946
X63270
The dancer and choreographer Berto Pasuka was a friend of

McBean. Together with his friend Richie Riley, Pasuka started
Les Ballets Nègres in 1946, the first black ballet company
in Britain. McBean took a number of portrait and publicity
shots for them, including this photograph. Pasuka was actively
involved in creating these images and managing his public
representation. Les Ballets Nègres was immensely successful,
attracting large audiences and gaining critical acclaim. It
offered what Riley later described as ‘in every shape and
form, ballet in a black idiom’.

Glyn Warren Philpot 1884–1937
Glen Byam Shaw as ‘Laertes’
1934–5
Oil paint on canvas
X63349
The actor Glen Byam Shaw is depicted here as Laertes in John

Gielgud’s 1934 critically acclaimed production of Hamlet in a
costume designed by Motley: Elizabeth Montgomery, Margaret
Percy and Sophie Harris. Glyn Philpot cut down the original
three-quarter length portrait after it was exhibited at the Royal
Academy in 1935. This reduction puts even greater focus on
Byam Shaw’s face and heavy stage make-up. While the image
is typical of productions of the period, the medium of the
portrait removes it from its original theatrical context. Coupled
with Byam Shaw’s arch expression, the overriding impression
is one of high camp. Byam Shaw had almost certainly been
the lover of the poet Siegfried Sassoon (1886–1967) and may
have met Philpot through Sassoon.
Kindly lent by the sitter’s grandson, Charles Hart

Oliver Messel 1904–1978
Design for ‘Suddenly Last Summer’
1959
Charcoal, pencil, Chinese white, ink and wash on paper
X64231
Oliver Messel’s last film, Suddenly, Last Summer 1959 was

based on a 1958 play by the Tennessee Williams. Filmed at the
Shepperton Studios near London, it was a queer gothic fantasy
with an all-star cast including Katharine Hepburn and Elizabeth
Taylor. Messel’s designs were nominated for two Oscars. The
plot focuses on Catherine Holly, who has apparently lost her
mind after her cousin Sebastian Venerable died on holiday in
Rome. It transpires that Sebastian used Holly as bait to attract
young men and has been torn apart and eaten by a group of
begging youths. This design depicts Sebastian’s studio.
V&A Theatre and Performance. Acquired with the support of

the Heritage Lottery Fund, The Art Fund and the Friends of the
V&A
Design for the King in ‘Sleeping Beauty’
Design for the Queen in ‘Sleeping Beauty’
c.1946
Charcoal, ink, pencil, gouache and watercolour on paper
X64228, X64230
Produced for the 1946 reopening of Sadler’s Wells Ballet

after the Second World War, Oliver Messel’s designs for
Tchaikovsky’s Sleeping Beauty are widely recognised to be his
masterpiece. Choreographed by Frederick Ashton and starring
Robert Helpmann, it was a sumptuous pastoral fairy-tale that
Messel managed to create at a time of post-war austerity. The
costume for the King, Sleeping Beauty’s father, in Act I of the
ballet, is typically flamboyant: a tasselled vision of burgundy
and gold, topped with a seemingly solid gold crown, made
from papier mâché while the Queen’s costume was one of
Messel’s most lavish.

V&A
Francis Goodman 1913–1989
Oliver Messel
1945
Photograph, silver gelatin print on paper
X63360
Francis Goodman’s carefully posed photograph depicts Oliver

Messel, the foremost British stage designer from the 1920s to
the 1950s, surrounded by eclectic props. The producer Charles
Cochran recalled how Messel ‘would pull something new out
of his pocket – usually something used for domestic work –
which he proposed to employ to give the illusion of some
other fabric ’. Messel was attracted to men and his fascination
with dandyish excess, pastiche and artifice has been
interpreted as a queer aesthetic.

Bequeathed by the estate of Francis Goodman, 1989
Nöel Coward’s Dressing Gown
Silk with applique and machine embroidery in cotton
X64226
The writer, composer and performer Nöel Coward once asked

’Why am I always expected to wear a dressing-gown, smoke
cigarettes in a long holder and say ”Darling, how wonderful”?’
From his first appearance on stage in a dressing gown in
his play The Vortex, the dressing gown had become an
immediately identifiable part of his image. This example, from
his extensive collection, is monogrammed. Many have found
covert queer themes in Coward’s work. Yet while he was in
a long-standing relationship with Graham Payne, he did not
discuss his sexuality, remarking in the 1960s ‘there are still a
few old ladies in Worthing who don’t know’.

Mask
c.1927
Paper, paint, glaze, glue and synthetic hair
X64227
An inscription in Oliver Messel’s hand inside this mask tells

how ‘this was the mask that Nöel Coward saw that gave him
the idea for “Dance Little Lady”’. This song and dance number,
written by Coward, was one of the star turns in This Year of
Grace, Cochran’s 1928 Revue. ‘Dance Little Lady ’ satirised
the Bright Young Things. In it, Lauri Devine was surrounded
by Messel’s pop-eyed, open-mouthed masks. According
to Cochran, it ‘faithfully reproduced the mirthless vacuous
expressions that could be seen any night in smart restaurants
and bars. ’

V&A
Poster for ‘A Patriot for Me’
1965
Poster. Printed by Echo Press
X64246
Set during the 19th Century in the Austro-Hungarian Empire,

John Osborne’s A Patriot For Me focuses on the blackmailing
of an intelligence officer for his relationships with men and
culminates in a drag ball attended by Viennese high society.
The Lord Chamberlain’s office demanded substantial cuts to the
play. Osborne refused and it was staged under ‘club conditions’
at the Royal Court Theatre in July, 1965. Around 20 thousand
people became members of the ‘English Stage Club’ to attend
and the play became the focus of calls to repeal censorship.

Danny La Rue
1968
X63268
Born Danny Carroll, Danny La Rue was one of the greatest stars
in female impersonation. La Rue first performed while in the
navy during the Second World War and later toured with all-
male revues such as Forces in Petticoats before becoming
a cabaret star. La Rue’s glamorous appearance on stage,
captured here, was undercut by the gruff ‘wotcher mates’,
with which he opened his set. La Rue preferred the term
‘comic in a frock’ to ‘female impersonator’ and described
his act as ‘playing a woman knowing that everyone knows
it’s a fella’.

Paul Tanqueray 1905–1991
Douglas Byng
1934
X63436
Gay performer Douglas Byng gained the title ‘The Highest

Priest of Camp’ with songs such as ‘Doris the Goddess of
Wind’, ‘I’m a Mummy (An Old Egyptian Queen)’ and ‘Cabaret
Boys’, which he performed with Lance Lester. Coward described
him as ‘The most refined vulgarity in London, mais quel
artiste!’ Byng’s costume in Paul Tanqueray’s photograph
was probably the one he wore for his song ‘Wintertime’.
You can hear Douglas Byng and Lance Lester singing ‘Cabaret
Boys’ at the audio point nearby.
National Potrait Gallery. Given by Paul Tanqueray, 1974

Case
Left to right
Gender Swaps On Stage
Male and female impersonation acts were an established

feature of music hall and Vaudeville from the 1890s until the
1950s. Female performers such as Vesta Tilley, Ella Shields and
Hetty King dazzled audiences with their performances as idle
young men while their male counterparts amazed with their
glamourous or comic transformations.
The First and Second World Wars boosted these types of

act, which were seen as respectable family entertainment.
Hetty King and Vesta Tilley dressed as soldiers and sailors,
and female impersonators entertained the troops. Revues
starring ex-servicemen launched the careers of Tommy
Rose, Ronnie Stewart and Danny La Rue. As the popularity
of female impersonation declined in the 1950s, some of these
performers moved into the new area of drag, in which Chris
Shaw made his name.
Ronnie Stewart in ‘Soldiers in Skirts’
1947
Photograph on paper
X64030
Wellcome Library, London
Vesta Tilley
1900s
Rotary Photographic Co. Ltd
X63359
Jimmy Slater with a Kitten

1923
Photograph on paper
X64038
Sarah Moss
Burlington Bertie
1915
Published by Lawrence Wright
X63299
V&A Theatre and Performance. Given by Mrs R. Russell
Jimmy Slater with Fan

c.1925
Photograph on paper
X64036
V&A Theatre and Performance. Given by Mrs R. Russell
Hetty King (Winifred Emms)
1910s
The Philco Publishing
X63433
National Portrait Gallery, London. Given by Norman McCann, 2011
Tommie Rose
1948
Facsmilie reproduction
Z07351
Terry Durham
1960s
Facsimile reproduction
Z07354
Cynthia Tingey
Costume design for Danny La Rue
in the Winston Club Cabaret, London
1960
Crayon and gouache on paper
X64224
V&A Theatre and Perfomance. Given by Cynthia Tingey
Pink Wig worn by Jimmy Slater
c.1925
Diamante Earrings worn by Jimmy Slater

c.1915
William Berry ‘Willy’ Clarkson 1861–1934

Tiara worn by Jimmy Slater
c.1925
These accessories belonged to Jimmy Slater (1898–1998),

who dazzled audiences as a female impersonator from
1914 onwards. A 1927 review in the Illustrated Leicester
Chronicle described Slater’s costumes as ‘the envy of all the
West End Mannequins’ and told how ‘his slim figure and
perfectly modelled face has so often “taken in” old gentlemen
in the stalls’. This wig reflects a brief fashion for pink hair in
the 1930s, the tiara was made by one of the best London
costumiers and the earrings were given to Slater by fellow
performer Florrie Ford. Images of Slater in costume are
displayed nearby.
X64031, X64032, X64033
Sarah Moss
Frederick Spalding
Fanny Boulton and Stella Graham
c.1870
from original glass plate negative
Z07349
Raised as Ernest Boulton and Frederick Parks, Fanny Boulton

and Stella Graham were arrested in 1870 for ‘inciting persons
to commit an unnatural offence’. Forced to strip at the police
station, they were charged with conspiracy to commit ‘the
abominable Crime of Buggery’. Domestic servants attested that
Stella was living as the wife of Lord Arthur Pelham-Clinton, but
Pelham-Clinton died before he could stand trial. A sensational
court case followed. Perhaps surprisingly, despite extensive
evidence of their love affairs, the jury found that there was
no conclusive evidence of buggery and they were acquitted
to loud cheers. Stella revived her earlier stage career, touring
the United States.
Essex County Record Office

Poster for ‘Soldiers in Skirts’
1945
X64034
This poster shows the sheer range of acts on offer at the

Pavilion theatre in Liverpool, including Jimmy Slater, whose
accessories are displayed nearby, and Soldiers in Skirts –
one of the most commercially successful touring acts on the
British stage in this period.
Sarah Moss
Case
Left to right
Queer Performance
Gender swaps on stage were common from the 1880s

onwards, from classical actors like Charlotte Saunders, shown
here in a striking beard, to female impersonators such as
George Robey and Julian Eltinge. Such acts were seen as much
as family entertainments as pantomime, with its conventions
of the female ‘principal boy’ and male ‘dame’. Dan Leno even
combined the dame with her more glamourous music hall
counterpart in Mother Goose, transforming from comic old
woman to young beauty.
There was no simple association between such performances

and queer sexualities or gender identities. The trapeze artist
Samuel Wasgate, for example, found he attracted larger
audiences as ‘Lulu – the eighth wonder of the world’. When a
stage accident revealed his gender, he cut his hair and dressed
as a man again. Some of the queerest performances did not
involve any transformation. Fred Barnes’s hit song ‘The Black
Sheep of the Family’ offered additional layers of meaning for
those who were aware of his relationships with men.
Adolphe Beau
Charlotte Saunders Cushman as ‘Hercules’
19th century
Photograph on paper
X64241
V&A Theatre and Performance. Bequeathed by Guy Little
‘Lulu’ (El Nino Farini)

c.1870
Photograph on paper
X64237
George Robey in character with Sunbeam make-up

c.1910
Hana London
Photograph postcard print
X64025
Julian Eltinge
c.1907
X64026
Frederick Jester Barnes in ‘The Black Sheep of the
Family’ (Left)
1907
Frank Dobson of Liverpool, published by J Beagles & Co.
X63434
Minnie Mario as the Prince and Kate Vaughan in the

title role of Cinderella, Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
c.1883
Photograph on paper
X64240
Dan Leno in ‘Mother Goose’ Act 2

X64239
Una Troubridge 1887–1963
Vaslav Nijinsky as the faun in ‘L’apres midi d’un Faune’
performed by Diaghilev’s Ballet Russes, Theatre du Chatelet,
Paris, 20 May 1912.
Plaster
1912
X63334
Sculpted by Una Troubridge, the partner of Radclyffe Hall,

this plaster bust shows the Ballets Russes dancer and
choreographer, Vaslav Nijinsky as the faun in the ballet L’après-
midi d-un faun. It was based on sketches made by Troubridge
at the Ballets Russes rehearsals and was exhibited at the Fine
Art Society in London in March 1914. Nijinsky originally owned
it and it was cast in a series of four bronze versions. It depicts
Nijinsky as a promiscuous faun, accentuating the dancer’s
features which were seen as exotic and much-admired by his
many male fans.

Given by Richard Buckle.
A LL- GEN DER S
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M A NTON
FOY ER
INTER AC TIV E
SPACE
QUEER BRITISH ART
1861–1967
L ARGE PRINT GUIDE
ROOM 4
BLOOMSBURY AND
BE YOND

The Bloomsbury Group of artists and writers famously
‘lived in squares and loved in triangles’. Dora Carrington had
relationships with men and women but loved and was loved
by Lytton Strachey, who was attracted to men. Duncan Grant
and Vanessa Bell lived together in Charleston Farmhouse
in East Sussex. A chosen few of Duncan Grant’s male lovers
made visits but Paul Roche was forced to camp on the South
Downs as he did not meet with Bell’s approval. Bell’s husband
Clive lived apart from her but they remained happily married.
While sexual intimacy was valued by the Group, it was not
the most important bond tying the members together. Their
network was a profoundly queer experiment in modern living
founded on radical honesty and mutual support.
Bloomsbury’s matter-of-fact acceptance of same-sex desire

was unusual but not unique. The objects in this room show
a variety of different perspectives, from the quiet homeliness
of Ethel Sands’s Tea with Sickert, to Gluck’s defiant self-
portrait. Together, they reveal a generation of artists and
sitters exploring, confronting and coming to terms with
themselves and their desires.
Work labels
Clare Atwood 1866–1962

John Gielgud’s Room
1933
Oil paint on canvas
N04881
This picture was painted in Sir John Gielgud’s flat at the

time he was playing Richard II in Gordon Daviot’s Richard
of Bordeaux at the New Theatre. Rather than emphasising
his life in the public eye, this work draws attention to
Gieglud’s domestic life. In this way, Clare ‘Tony’ Atwood gently
subverts traditional associations of the feminine with private
space. Atwood lived in a menage a trois with Gielgud’s
second-cousin, Edith (Edy) Craig and the feminist playwright
Christopher St John, who had previously lived together as
an openly lesbian couple. St John later stated that ‘the bond
between Edy and me was strengthened not weakened by
Tony’s association with us’.
Tate. Presented by Mrs E.L. Shute 1937

Ethel Sands 1873–1962
The Chintz Couch
c.1910–11
Oil paint on board
N03845
This painting presents a chintz couch in the drawing room

of Ethel Sands’s home in Belgravia, which she shared with her
lifelong partner and fellow artist, Nan Hudson. The eponymous
sofa is complemented by a number of framed landscape
paintings and a vase of delicately arranged white arum lilies,
creating a harmonious composition and reflecting the artist’s
personal design tastes. Chintz was a material traditionally
associated with femininity, as it was frequently used to furnish
rooms under the jurisdiction of the woman, such as the sitting
room. In Sands’s own time, Vanessa Bell accused her work of
‘fatal prettiness’. However, it is possible to interpret Sands’s
unashamed interest in domesticity as a celebration of the
domestic space as a site of female experience and creativity.
Tate. Presented by the Contemporary Art Society 1924

Ethel Sands 1873–1962
Tea with Sickert
c.1911–12
Oil paint on canvas
T07808
The scene of this painting is the sitting room Nan Hudson

and Sands’s home. Although it features two figures – the artist
Walter Sickert and Hudson – the table is set for afternoon tea
for three. The composition of the painting is arranged as if the
artist was standing behind Nan, and this perspective highlights
their position as a couple. In 1912, the work was exhibited
as part of Sands and Hudson’s joint exhibition at the Carfax
Gallery and it drew mixed reactions: Westminster Gazette
called it ‘a daring picture’ but ‘a somewhat overwhelming
indulgence in pure orange vermilion’.
Tate. Bequeathed by Colonel Christopher Sands 2000,

accessioned 2001
Anna Hope Hudson 1869–1957
Chateau d’Auppegard
after 1927
Oil paint on board
T07810
Château d’Auppegard features a large 17th-century house

ten miles from Dieppe, where Nan Hudson and Ethel Sands
spent summers together. In 1923, the house was featured
in Vogue, and in 1927 Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant were
commissioned to decorate the walls of the building with
murals. Chateau d’Auppegard was badly damaged during
the Second World War, and for this reason, very few examples
of Nan’s work survives. This work is inscribed on the back of
the canvas, ‘Darling Ethel, from Nan’, and was perhaps created
as a gift to her partner.
Tate. Bequeathed by Colonel Christopher Sands 2000,

accessioned 2001
Gluck 1895–1978
Self-portrait
1942
Oil paint on canvas
X63265
Gluck locks gazes with the viewer in this unflinching self-

portrait. Born Hannah Gluckstein, Gluck requested that the
name Gluck be reproduced with ‘no prefix, suffix or quotes’.
Gluck exhibited to great acclaim at the ‘The Gluck Room’ of
The Fine Art Society, where visitors included Queen Mary.
This painting was painted in 1942, in a difficult period in
Gluck’s relationship with Nesta Obermer, Gluck’s ‘darling wife’.
Obermer was frequently away, sometimes with her husband
Seymour Obermer. In 1944, their relationship broke down
and Gluck went to live with Edith Shackleton Herald. Their
relationship lasted until Gluck’s death.

Given by the sitter and artist, ‘Gluck’ (Hannah Gluckstein), 1973
Gluck 1895–1978
Lilac and Guelder Rose
1932–7
Oil paint on canvas
X63139
This was one of a number of flower paintings that Gluck made

during and immediately after her relationship with society
florist and author Constance Spry, who she met in 1932. Spry
was a leading figure in cultivating a fashion for white flowers,
and often used Gluck’s paintings to illustrate her articles. Many
of Spry’s customers also commissioned flower paintings from
Gluck. When Lilac and Guelder Rose was exhibited at Gluck’s
1937 exhibition at the Fine Art Society, it was much admired
by Lord Villiers, who remarked ‘It’s gorgeous, I feel I could bury
my face in it’.
Manchester Art Gallery

Man with a Gun
1933
Oil paint on canvas
X64194
Glyn Philpot developed a strong reputation as a society

portraitist until the 1930s, at which point he began to explore
modernist forms, as well as express his sexuality more openly.
This work depicts Philpot’s friend Jan Erland, who was the
subject of a series of paintings by Philpot on the theme of
sports and leisure. Erland is depicted cradling a gun which,
he recalled, had been specifically borrowed for the occasion.
Erland’s firm grip on the gun’s phallic barrel seems suggestive.
Writing to his sister Daisy, Philpot described ‘every moment
with this dear Jan’ as filled with ‘inspiration and beauty’.
The Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

Bequeathed by Jeffrey Daniels, 1986
Ethel Walker 1861–1951
Decoration: The Excursion of Nausicaa
1920
Oil paint on canvas
N03885
The composition of this painting reveals Ethel Walker’s

fascination with Greco-Roman friezes, as well as the artistic
possibilities of the female nude. The painting is inspired by
Book IV of Homer’s Odyssey, in which the princess Nausicaa
bathes with her maidens. In 1900, Walker became the first
woman member of the New English Arts Club, whose select
committee reacted to this painting with ‘spontaneous and
enthusiastic applause’. There has been some speculation about
the nature of Walker’s relationship with painter Clara Christian,
with whom she lived and worked in the 1880s, although little
evidence survives. This image offers a utopian vision of an
all-female community.

Duncan Grant 1885–1978
Bathing
1911
Oil paint on canvas
N04567
Bathing was conceived as part of a decorative scheme for the

dining room at Borough Polytechnic, and it was Duncan Grant’s
first painting to receive widespread public attention. Grant’s
design takes inspiration from summers spent around the
Serpentine in Hyde Park, which was one of a number of sites
associated with London’s queer culture. The painting celebrates
the strength and beauty of the male form, and its homoerotic
implications were not lost on Grant’s contemporaries: the
National Review described the dining room as a ‘nightmare’
which would have a ‘degenerative’ effect on the polytechnic’s
working-class students.

Case
Duncan Grant
Duncan Grant produced erotic works on paper prolifically

throughout his life. These objects were created in private and
for personal consumption only. Racially diverse figures are
presented in various states of sexual play, and Grant’s range
of representation moves from explicit passion to tender post-
coital repose. Overlapping bodies are depicted in impossible
contortions, and the works reveal Grant’s fascination with the
artistic possibilities of the male form as well as the importance
of harmonious composition. The objects also demonstrate
a characteristically witty approach to sexuality, with some
copulating figures playfully masquerading as ballet dancers
and wrestlers. As his daughter Angelica Garnett recalled, one
of Grant’s favourite maxims was to ‘never be ashamed’, and his
private erotica offers an unapologetic celebration of gay male
sex and love.
Bathers by the Pond
1920–1
Oil paint on canvas
X64286
This painting shows a scene filled with homoerotic possibilities.

The setting is possibly Charleston Farmhouse in East Sussex,
where Duncan Grant lived with Vanessa Bell, her children and
his lover David (Bunny) Garnett. Grant’s use of dots of colour
shows the influences of the pointillist technique pioneered by
Georges Seurat. The nude figure in the foreground basks in the
sun while the seated figures behind him exchange appreciative
glances. Swimming ponds often served as cruising grounds
and it is perhaps unsurprising that this work was not exhibited
in Grant’s lifetime.
Pallant House Gallery, Chichester

(Hussey Bequest, Chichester District Council 1985)
PC Harry Daley
1930
Oil paint on canvas
X64041
In December 1930, Duncan Grant wrote to Vanessa Bell,

relating an evening ‘with the cultivated policeman who is
a friend of Raymond [Mortimer] and Morgan [the novelist
E M Forster]’. He describes how they ‘went to a series of
parties at his friends’ houses and drank a great deal of
beer and danced hilariously’. This policeman was Harry
Daley, depicted here in his uniform. Daley was from a
working-class background and was stationed as a constable
at Hammersmith. He was also E M Forster’s lover and later
wrote a memoir called This Small Cloud recounting his
experiences on both sides of the law.
Guildhall Art Gallery, City of London

Edward Wolfe 1897–1982
Portrait of Pat Nelson
1930s
Oil paint on canvas
X52185
Patrick Nelson emigrated from Jamaica to North Wales in 1937,

before settling in London to study law the following year. While
living in Bloomsbury, Nelson worked as an artists’ model and
soon became acquainted with Edward Wolfe. Nelson would
also meet other prominent gay artists at this time, including
his sometime boyfriend and lifelong friend Duncan Grant.
Wolfe’s depiction of Nelson against the rich green background
is exoticising and his pose invites the viewer to admire his
body. Such objectification was typical of many depictions
of black men from this time and reflects an uneven power
dynamic, although Nelson’s friendship with members of
the Bloomsbury group adds a level of complexity to the
relationship between artist and sitter.
James O’Connor
Dora Carrington 1893–1932
Lytton Strachey
1916
Oil paint on panel
X63264
Dora Carrington wrote in her diary after painting her close

friend, the writer Lytton Strachey lying in bed: ‘I would love
to explore your mind behind your finely skinned forehead.
You seem so wise and so coldly old. Yet in spite of this what
a peace to be with you, and how happy I was today’. Strachey
was almost exclusively attracted to men and Carrington
had relationships with both men and women but they were
inseparable. In 1921, Carrington married Ralph Partridge, with
whom Strachey was in love, and the three lived in a menage
à trois at Ham Spray House, Wiltshire.

Bequeathed by Frances Catherine Partridge (née Marshall),
2004
Paul Roche Reclining
c.1946
Oil paint on canvas
X64744
This painting depicts Duncan Grant’s close friend and possible

lover Paul Roche, lying as if asleep. He is depicted against
a patterned background reminiscent of colours and fabrics
produced by the Omega Workshop, the design collective
founded in 1913 by Roger Fry. These soft textures contrast
with Roche’s bare torso, which is further emphasised by his
briefs, socks and open shirt. Grant and Roche met by chance
in July 1946: after making eye contact crossing the road
at Piccadilly Circus, the two struck up a conversation. Their
friendship lasted until Grant’s death in 1978.
The Charleston Trust

Henry Thomas
1934–5
Oil paint on canvas
X64285
Henry Thomas was Glyn Philpot’s servant and one of his

favourite models. The high-cheekboned angularity of Thomas’s
face is echoed in the diagonal lines of the abstracted
background, perhaps an allusion to the batik fabric behind.
The exact nature of Thomas and Philpot’s relationship is
unknown. Many of Philpot’s depictions of Thomas carry a
homoerotic charge and some are exoticising. What Thomas
felt about his years with Philpot from 1929 to the artist’s death
in 1937 is unknown. The words he wrote on Philpot’s funeral
wreath, ‘For memory to my dear master as well as my father
and brother to me’, hints at the imbalance between them,
while also suggesting many complex layers of relationship.
Pallant House Gallery, Chichester

(Bequeathed by Mrs Rosemary Newgas, the neice of the artist
2004)
Repose on the Flight into Egypt
1922
Oil paint on canvas
T11861
Glyn Philpot brings an unusual interpretation to the subject of

the Holy Family resting on the flight into Egypt by incorporating
mythological figures including a sphinx, a satyr and three
centaurs, who stand with their bodies entwined. Philpot’s
presentation of the mythological creatures alludes to pagan
myths of unrestrained sexuality, and the implication is that this
will be replaced by the new religion of Christianity. A phallic
flowering cactus appears in the foreground of the painting and
the Holy Family shelter against the over-sized figure of a black
man, possibly Philpot’s servant Henry Thomas. He is depicted
lying down, his head thrown back as if asleep or perhaps
in orgasm. This dream-like work has been interpreted as an
attempt by Philpot to reconcile his adopted Catholicism and
his sexual attraction to other men.

A LL- GEN DER S
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M A NTON
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INTER AC TIV E
SPACE
QUEER BRITISH ART
1861–1967
L ARGE PRINT GUIDE
ROOM 5
DEF YING CONVENTION

This room shows how artists and writers in the late nineteenth
and early twentieth century challenged gender norms. Some,
such as Laura Knight, laid claim to traditionally masculine
sources of artistic authority by depicting themselves in
the act of painting nude female models. Others, such as
Vita Sackville-West, had open marriages and same-sex
relationships, or, like Claude Cahun, questioned the very
concept of gender binaries.
This was a period of radical social change. Women took

on new roles during the First and Second World Wars, and
gained the vote in 1918. Sackville-West worked with the Land
Girls. Cahun resisted the Nazis on Jersey and was sentenced
to death, imprisoned for a year and only freed by the end of
the war. New fashions developed. For women, wearing
trousers in public became stylishly avant-garde. Expectations
were changing.
Public discussion about female same-sex desire offered

ways of viewing the self, but it also brought problems.
Lives that had previously passed without comment might
now be labelled transgressive. But for some, this was a time
of liberating possibilities.
Work labels
Anti clockwise from wall text
Case
Left to right
Man Ray 1890–1976

Virginia Woolf
1934
X63333
Virginia Woolf is show here at the height of her fame as author

of the 1929 essay A Room of One’s Own and novels including
Mrs Dalloway 1925, To the Lighthouse 1927 and Orlando
1928, She agreed to sit for Man Ray in 1934 after visiting his
exhibition at Lund Humphries in London. Man Ray recounted:
‘I had to put lipstick on her mouth, to which she objected
at first, but I explained that it was for technical reasons and
would not show in the picture.’ This was Woolf’s husband
Leonard’s favourite portrait of her.

Virginia Woolf 1882–1941
Orlando: a biography
1928
Third edition, published by Leonard and Virginia Woolf
at the Hogarth Press, 52 Tavistock Square, London
X65442
Born a boy in the Elizabethan age, the novel’s hero Orlando

lives through the following centuries without aging and
mysteriously changes gender, waking up to discover she is
now a girl. The character of Orlando was based on Woolf’s
lover Vita Sackville-West, depicted here in one of the
illustrations. Sackville-West’s open marriage to Harold Nicolson
gave them both freedom to pursue same-sex relationships.
When Orlando was published, Sackville-West’s mother tried
to prevent it from being reviewed because “I have spent years,
hiding what Harold and Vita really are”. Despite Orlando’s
complex themes of gender identity and sexuality, the novel
was not banned.
Private collection
John Singer Sargent 1856–1925
Vernon Lee
1881
Oil paint on canvas
N04787
Born Violet Paget, Paget took the name ‘Vernon Lee’ to disguise
her gender as an author. A friend of John Singer Sargent from
childhood, Lee described this portrait as ‘more like me than
I expected anything could – rather fierce & cantankerous.’ Lee
had a passionate relationship with the writer Mary F Robinson
whose portrait Sargent painted in 1885 as pair to this image.
Lee told Robinson she would have proposed if she had been
a man, and the sexologist Havelock Ellis considered using the
couple as a case study for ‘female inversion’. In 1887, Robinson
married, leaving Lee devastated. Lee forged a relationship with
Clementina ‘Kit’ Anstruther Thomson, who assisted with Lee’s
work on aesthetic experience. Lee’s apparently androgynous
appearance in this image has aroused comment but is in
keeping with fashions of the time.
Tate. Bequeathed by Miss Vernon Lee through Miss Cooper

Willis 1935
Alvaro Guevara 1894–1951
Dame Edith Sitwell
1916
Oil paint on canvas
N03509
The poet Edith Sitwell does not seem to have had sexual
relationships but was viciously satirised by the artist and writer
Wyndham Lewis as a lesbian. Sitwell described the life of the
artist as ‘very Pauline’, referring to the letters of St Paul, which
may suggest she thought sex would be a distraction. She was
close friends with Alvaro Guevara, the artist of this portrait,
who had relationships with men and women. Diana Holman
Hunt in her 1974 biography of Guevara suggested that Sitwell
and Guevara shared a love that was ‘not physical but certainly
romantic and spiritual.’ The bright colours reflect the designs
of Roger Fry and Vanessa Bell’s Omega Workshops and Sitwell
is sitting on a dining chair designed by Fry.
Tate. Presented by Lord Duveen, Walter Taylor and

George Eumorfopoulos through the Art Fund 1920
William Strang 1859–1921
Lady with a Red Hat
1918
Oil paint on canvas
X63138
This portrait is of writer Vita Sackville-West. According to her

son, Nigel Nicolson, she attended sittings with her lover Violet
Trefusis. Sackville-West adopted a male persona, ’Julian’, at
some points in this relationship, allowing her and Trefusis to
pose as a married couple so they could stay together at a
boarding-house. Her fashionable dress in this image, however,
gives no sign of such androgynous role-playing. The book in
Sackville-West’s hand may refer to her book Poems of East
and West 1917. At the time this was painted she was writing
Challenge, a novel about her relationship with Trefusis, but
this was not published until 1974.
Lent by Glasgow Life (Glasgow Museums) on behalf

of Glasgow City Council. Purchased 1919
Cecile Walton 1891–1956
Romance
1920
Oil paint on hardboard laid on plywood
X63262
Cecile Walton’s semi-nudity makes this a strikingly

unconventional self-portrait. Its composition alludes to Edouard
Manet’s Olympia 1863, a controversial depiction of a sex
worker. Walton may be using this reference point to hint at
the contradictory nature of traditional expectations of women:
as lover, mother (implied by the presence of her children) and
carer (suggested by the presence of the nurse). Yet she depicts
herself as detached from all three roles, viewing her son with
cool appraisal. When the image was exhibited in 1920, critical
responses were mixed, one commentator remarking on its
‘frank treatment of an intimate subject’.
Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh.

Given anonymously 1995
Laura Knight 1877–1970
Self-portrait
1913
Oil paint on canvas
X63266
When this painting was exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery

in 1913, the reviewer Claude Phillips wrote ‘it repels, not by
any special inconvenience – for it is harmless enough and
with an element of sensuous attraction – but by dullness
and something dangerously close to vulgarity’. His strong
reaction hints at anxieties over women painting the female
nude, which subverted the hierarchy of male artist and female
model. When Laura Knight was at art school women were
not been allowed to attend life classes. Her sensuous
depiction of herself painting Ella Naper, a friend, lays claim
to a professional artistic identity. In 1936, Knight was the
first woman to become an Academician since its foundation.

Dorothy Johnstone 1892–1980
Rest Time in the Life Class
1923
Oil paint on canvas
X63248
This image depicts the life-class Johnstone taught for women

at Edinburgh College of Art, which Johnstone presents as
a space of friendship and collaboration. In the foreground,
one woman comments on another’s drawing while in the
background, Johnstone depicts herself gesturing towards
the canvas. Johnstone had an intense relationship with Cecile
Walton and Walton’s husband Eric Robertson, who were also
part of the Edinburgh Group of artists. She later married
fellow artist David Macbeth Sutherland.
City Art Centre, City of Edinburgh Museums and Galleries

Dora Carrington 1893–1932
Female Figure Lying on her Back
1912
Oil paint on canvas
X63255
This sensuous life study by Dora Carrington won second prize

in a life-drawing competition at the Slade School of Art, where
Carrington was a student from 1910–1914. Carrington would
later have affairs with women, most notably heiress Henrietta
Bingham, and it may be tempting to read a lesbian sensibility
into this languid image, although at this stage in her life,
desire seems to have made Carrington uncomfortable. The
dark background focuses the viewer’s attention on the model’s
body, particularly the stark whiteness of her breasts which
contrast with her flushed cheeks and softer flesh tones.
UCL Art Museum, University College London

Marlow Moss 1889–1958
Balanced Forms in Gunmetal on Cornish Granite
1956–7
Metal and granite
T01114
Marlow Moss 1889–1958

Composition in Yellow, Black and White
1949
Oil paint and wood on canvas
T01113
Raised as ‘Marjorie Moss’, Marlow Moss told how in 1923

‘I destroyed my old personality and created a new one’. Moss’s
androgynous appearance completed this transformation. In
1927, Moss moved to Paris and fell in love with the writer
A.H.’Netty’ Nijhoff. Moss met Piet Mondrian in 1929 and began
to experiment with constructivism. Forced by the Second
World War to return to England in 1940, Moss continued to
experiment, adding strips of wood to the canvas to give form
to the compositions. Composition White, Black and Yellow is
from this series. Moss also began to make abstract sculptures,
using basic forms such as a cone, sphere and spiral (see
Balanced Forms in Gunmetal on Cornish Granite in the
case nearby).
Tate. Presented by Miss Erica Brausen 1969

Claude Cahun 1894–1954
Untitled
1936
2 photographs, gelatin silver print on paper
P79317–8
These images (to the left and right of I Extend My Arms),

from a larger group of photographs, hint at different narrative
possibilities for the sexless manikin. In one, the doll seems
to take on a feminine air, posed as if delighting in the long hair
that trails round its body. The other is less overtly gendered,
wearing a hat made from an upright feather and holding aloft
a tiny plant. The porcelain dolls’ heads outside the jar in one
image are reminiscent of the masks that repeated occur in
Cahun’s work and these images seem to hint at the themes
of role-playing that Cahun explored in earlier self-portraits.

I Extend My Arms
1931 or 1932
P79319
As in many of Cahun’s photographs, the artist’s body is here

used to theatrical effect. Cahun’s arms emerge from a rough-
hewn monolith, the fingers of the hands splayed in a dramatic
gesture. The beaded bangles on Cahun’s arms and the totemic
form of the stone may reference modernism’s ‘primitivist’
interest in non-western cultures. Yet the incongruous
relationship between Cahun’s supple flesh and the solid
stone coupled with the melodrama of Cahun’s waving hands
give this image an air of surreal comedy.

IIllustration from Aveux non avenus
Disavowelled Concessions
1930
X65328
This book is a collage of narrative text, poems and descriptions

of dreams. It was illustrated with photo montages made
in collaboration with Claude Cahun’s lover (and step-sister)
Marcel Moore. In the text and illustrations, Cahun explored
the situational nature of gender, saying, ‘Masculine? Feminine?
It depends on the situation. Neuter is the only gender that
always suits me.’ Here, images of different roles from plays,
artworks, such as Michaelangelo’s David, and historical figures
fan out from the young Cahun. Cahun presented a copy of the
book to the sexologist Havelock Ellis, ‘’who has been a warm
light on my desolate path.’
The British Library

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M A NTON
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INTER AC TIV E
SPACE
QUEER BRITISH ART
1861–1967
L ARGE PRINT GUIDE
ROOM 6
ARC ADIA AND SOHO

London was a magnet for artists. In the 1950s and 1960s,
Soho was the epicentre of queer culture, described by Francis
Bacon as ‘the sexual gymnasium of the city’. Many of the
artists shown in this room were friends, often living in London,
sometimes sharing studios. Several were encouraged by the
patron and collector Peter Watson, founder of the influential
literary magazine Horizon and co-founder of the Institute of
Contemporary Arts. Their work was often inspired by travel:
to the Mediterranean, to coastal Brittany, or to the seedy
American bars that inspired works such as Edward Burra’s
Izzy Orts.
John Craxton, John Minton and Keith Vaughan have been

described as ‘neo-romantics’. Craxton, however, preferred
the term ‘Arcadian’, referencing a classical utopian vision of
a harmonious wilderness, populated by innocent shepherds.
Yet, while it is idealised, depictions of Arcadia still sometimes
include references to death and its peace can be disrupted
by undercurrents of desire.
Work labels
Clockwise from main wall text
Christopher Wood 1901–1930

Nude Boy in a Bedroom
1930
Oil paint on hardboard laid on plywood
X64434
Christopher Wood’s Nude Boy in a Bedroom depicts the

artist’s friend and sometime lover Francis Rose, in a hotel
room in Brittany where they stayed with a group of friends
in 1930. The group was later joined by Wood’s mistress, Frosca
Munster. According to Rose, the work ‘is a nude painting of me
washing at a basin’ in which Wood ‘scattered playing cards on
the bed ’. The cards are tarot cards and the top card shows the
Page of Cups reversed, symbolising anxiety about a deception
that will be soon discovered, or referring to someone incapable
of making commitments. Wood may have included these cards
as an oblique reference to his ongoing relationships with his
male lover and female mistress.
Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh

Robert Colquhoun 1914–1962
Actors on a Stage
1945
Oil paint on canvas
X63330
This painting is one of a series from 1945–6 representing

performers and spectators, often as male pairs, sometimes
embracing. ‘Being theatrical’ was often associated with
same-sex desire and this image may have autobiographical
associations. From 1933, Robert Colquhoun was in a
relationship with the Scottish painter Robert MacBryde.
This was an ‘open secret’ but was not widely acknowledged
because of the risk of imprisonment. ‘Acting’ could also be a
metaphor for passing as ‘straight’ in public. Actors on a Stage
was significant for Colquhoun and was sent from the USA for
his 1958 show at the Whitechapel Art Gallery.
Private collection
Edward Burra 1905–1976
Soldiers at Rye
1941
Gouache, watercolour and ink on paper
N05377
Edward Burra based Soldiers at Rye on sketches of troops

around his home town of Rye between September and
October 1940. His macabre sensibility was informed by his
experiences in the Spanish Civil War. In the final stages of
painting, he added red and yellow Venetian carnival masks,
giving the figures the air of predatory birds – a regular symbol
in Burra’s work from the 1930s. Seen from behind, the soldiers’
close-fitting uniforms and bulbous physiques led one critic to
comment that they had the ‘bulging husky leathery shape’
of ‘military ruffians ’. There is an ominous atmosphere to the
painting, conveying a dangerous homoeroticism.
Tate. Presented by Studio 1942

Costume designs for ‘Rio Grande’
1928–9
X63311, X66203–4
Edward Burra made these costume designs for the ballet

‘Rio Grande: A Day in a Southern Port’ in 1931. The ballet
was based on a poem by Sacheverell Sitwell, and it was
choreographed by Frederick Ashton with jazz-influenced
music by Constant Lambert. Inspired by the French ports
of Marseille and Toulon, the ballet was an ideal opportunity
for Burra to showcase the homoerotic allure of the sailor, a
recurrent theme in his work. The sequinned and feathered
costumes he designed scandalised reviewers at the time,
with Cyril Beaumont remarking on ‘the skin-tight bodices’ and
‘bare thighs’. Typically, Burra revelled in the buzz he created.
James L. Gordon Collection

Izzy Orts
1937
Watercolour and pencil on paper
X63263
Izzy Orts was a popular dance hall in the Boston docks to

which Edward Burra had been introduced by his poet friend,
Conrad Aiken. On his second visit to Boston in 1937, Burra
stayed with Aiken in Charlestown and he painted the crowded
dance hall with its swing jazz band, jiving dancers and eclectic
clientele. Given its dockland location, the club was a popular
site for on-leave American sailors. These were figures of great
sexual attraction to their many straight and queer admirers,
and their racy reputation was enhanced by their tight-fitting
navy uniforms, muscular physiques and fabled portside
promiscuity.
Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh

John Craxton 1922–2009
Pastoral for P.W.
1948
Oil paint on canvas
T03838
Pastoral for P.W. was a gift dedicated to John Craxton’s friend

Peter Watson, who he met in 1941 and who, like Craxton, was
attracted to men. Watson was an art collector, aesthete and
editor of the influential arts magazine Horizon. The painting
was conceived as a group of ‘capricious portraits’ of Watson’s
friends as ‘goats’ enthralled by the flute-playing goatherd,
set in the brilliantly lit Cretan landscape that Craxton had first
visited in 1947. Lone shepherds were a recurrent theme in
Craxton’s work from this period. He said of them ‘they were
my means of escape and a sort of self-protection…I wanted
to safeguard a world of private mystery.’

John Minton 1917–1957
Cornish Boy at a Window
1948
Oil paint on canvas
X63316
The bare-armed wistful youth in this portrait is Eric Verrico,

who was one of John Minton’s pupils at Camberwell School
of Arts and Design. Minton took up this job shortly after his
discharge from military service on psychological grounds.
In London, he shared a studio with Robert Colquhoun
and Robert MacBryde and, later, Keith Vaughan. Verrico
was a central figure in an inner group of male students
at Camberwell who became known as ‘Johnny’s Circus’.
He posed for several portraits and visited Cornwall with
Minton in 1948.
Lent by the UK Government Art Collection

John Craxton 1922–2009
Head of a Cretan Sailor
1946
Oil paint on board
X64749
The sitter in this portrait was on national service in the Greek

Navy when he first met John Craxton in a taverna in Poros.
He caught Craxton’s eye with his performance of the Greek
dance the zeibékiko, with ‘spendidly controlled steps, clicking
his thumbs and forefingers and circling round and round
in his white uniform like a seagull.’ Craxton followed him to
Crete in 1947, where the sailor was now working as a butcher
in Herákleion. The island was a revelation and Craxton
returned often, eventually partly settling there in 1960.
On loan from the London Borough of Camden Art Collection

Robert Medley 1905–1994
Summer Eclogue No. 1: Cyclists
1950
Oil paint on canvas
T06549
Exhibited at the Hanover Gallery in February 1950, Robert

Medley’s painting of racing cyclists on a summer’s evening
in a Gravesend public park underscores his attraction to
cross-class sociability. The river esplanade offers a permissible
space for observing the muscular bodies and taut limbs of the
youths and their admirers. The title refers to Virgil’s Eclogues,
in which pastoral tranquillity is disrupted by erotic forces and
revolutionary change. Medley wrote in his autobiography that
the eclogue theme provided for ‘a more contemporary subject
matter’. One of the cyclists was modelled on fellow artist Keith
Vaughan’s lover, Ramsay McClure.

Keith Vaughan 1912–1977
Kouros
1960
Oil paint on canvas
X63309
In a diary entry for 1956, Keith Vaughan wrote of ‘A silver

bromide image of Johnny standing naked in my studio,
aloof, slightly tense, withdrawn like a Greek Kouros, gazing
apprehensively at himself in the mirror, lithe, beautiful…. it
lies tormenting me on my table’ This was a photograph of
Vaughan’s lover Johnny Walsh who is also represented in
this painting. A ‘Kouros’ was a free-standing ancient Greek
sculpture of a male youth and the image may also have
been inspired by a visit Vaughan made to Greece in 1960.
Private collection
Three Figures
1960–1
Oil paint on board
X63308
Three Figures is typical of Keith Vaughan’s approach to group

figure painting. The subjects are depicted in indeterminate
locations and the lack of details a makes it to impossible to
identify them or guess at their social class or profession. The
close proximity of the figures in this image and the contrast
between the nudity of the man with his back towards us
and the other two men might suggest that this is an erotic
encounter. Yet the composition remains intentionally
enigmatic.
Abbot Hall Art Gallery, Lakeland Arts Trust, Kendal, Cumbria

Bather: August 4th 1961
1961
Oil paint on canvas
T00502
Keith Vaughan wrote in his journal, ‘The continual use of

the male figure…retains always the stain of a homosexual
conception… K.V. paints nude young men”. Perfectly true, but
I feel I must hide my head in shame. Inescapable, I suppose
– social guilt of the invert.’ He wrestled with the competing
impulses of figuration and abstraction in his work, describing
how: ‘I wanted to go beyond the specific, identifiable image –
yet I did not want to do an “abstract” painting. Bather: August
4th 1961 was the first break through. Every attempt up to
then had finally resolved itself into another figure painting or
an “abstract”.’

Case
Keith Vaughan
In contrast over his concerns whether his desires would be

shown in his paintings, Keith Vaughan’s private drawings are
explicitly erotic. Across them he depicts a range of different
encounters, from sadomasochistic fantasies through to
moments of tender intimacy. This is perhaps a hint of these
fluctuating desires in his descriptions of relationship with his
lover Jonny Walsh, of which Vaughan said, ‘I can move from
tenderness to sadism in the same harmonic key’.
A LL- GEN DER S
TOILE T
5 4
2 3
6
1
7
8
M A NTON
FOY ER
INTER AC TIV E
SPACE
QUEER BRITISH ART
1861–1967
L ARGE PRINT GUIDE
ROOM 7
PUBLIC /PRIVATE LIFES

This room explores the contradictions of queer life in the
1950s and 1960s. Before the partial decriminalisation of
sex between men in 1967, the boundaries between public
and private were acutely important to couples in same-sex
relationships. Joe Orton and Kenneth Halliwell had separate
beds in their tiny flat to maintain the pretence that they
weren’t a couple.
Such caution was justified. Peter Wildeblood, Lord Montagu

of Beaulieu and Michael Pitt-Rivers were sent to jail in a
case that became a rallying point for calls to change the law,
which was increasingly attacked as a ‘blackmailer’s charter’.
Lesbianism was not illegal, but women faced prejudice. Avant-
garde photographer Barbara Ker-Seymer was thrown out of
her room after she left a copy of Radclyffe Hall’s banned
book The Well of Loneliness out in plain sight. Yet despite
the threat of exposure, couples lived happily together,
community flourished, and a few even became queer
celebrities.
Work labels
Stephen Tennant 1906–1986

Lascar, a story of the Maritime Boulevard
Ink, watercolour and collage on paper
X65414
In this illustration for Stephen Tennant’s novel Lascar

a riotous collage of burly sailors, bright flowers, letters and
visiting cards seem to burst forth from the page. Some of
Tennant’s initial sketches of sailors were made on visits to
the Old Port of Marseilles in the 1930s, but he constantly
reworked the illustrations and text, never completing it.
In the last two decades of his life, visitors to Wilsford Manor
in Wiltshire where Tennant lived in virtual seclusion, found
pages of the novel strewn across the decaying interiors.
The Viktor Wynd Museum of Curiosities,

Fine Art & Natural History, London
Valentine Penrose 1898–1978
Dons des feminines
1951
X63301
Born Valentine Boué, Valentine Penrose was an artist and

surrealist poet who was married to the British painter Roland
Penrose. Dons Des Feminines tells of the travels and love
affair of Maria Elona and Rubia in a series of poems and
collages made from 19th century fashion plates. The gothic
landscapes in many of the images have thinly veiled lesbian
or vaginal imagery, as in the curtained cave in this illustration.
The relationship celebrated in the book may be semi-
autobiographical. In 1937, Penrose divorced her husband
and travelled round India with the poet Alice Rahon, the
probable inspiration for Rubia.

Because We’re Queers
Between 1959 and 1962, couple Joe Orton and Kenneth

Halliwell borrowed and stole books from libraries around
Islington. They cut out some of the illustrations, which they
used to paper the walls of their flat and to create new collaged
covers for the books. They then returned the volumes to the
shelves of the libraries and waited to watch reactions.
The covers they created are full of jokes and references to

queer culture. The addition of wrestling men turns Queen’s
Favourite into an innuendo. Acting family the Lunts become
kitsch glass figurines, while The Secret of Chimneys is
depicted as a pair of giant cats. Others were more explicit:
The World of Paul Slickey gains not only a phallic budgerigar
but also a cut out shape of an erect penis. The plays of Emlyn
Williams are retitled Knickers must fall and Fucked by Monty.
Orton and Halliwell were eventually caught and jailed for

six months for ‘malicious damage’, which Orton claimed was
‘because we’re queers’. Prison destroyed Halliwell. While Orton
became a successful playwright, Halliwell became an alcoholic.
In 1967, he killed Orton and took his own life. Yet while their
lives ended in tragedy, the bookcovers give insight into a
playful and subversive relationship.
Kenneth Halliwell 1926–1967
Untitled
1967
Printed papers on hardboard
T14635
This is one of 19 collages that Halliwell exhibited at the

Anno Domino gallery in 1967. Unlike the earlier book-covers,
these were made by Halliwell alone, yet they are similarly
kaleidoscopic in their use of images. An archeological artefact
here sits alongside fashion photography, sea-shells, insects
and words from newspapers and magazines. Some of these
juxtapositions are playful: ‘Eye’ appears where an eye would
be. Others are more obscure and the phrases ‘Blackmail’ and
‘dirty word’ perhaps hint at oppression. The exhibition was a
failure and Halliwell’s professional frustration contributed to
the breakdown of his relationship with Orton, who was now
established as a playwright.

Lewis Morley 1925–2013
Joe Orton
1965
X10059
This was taken as a publicity image for Joe Orton’s play

Entertaining Mr Sloane. Morley told how ‘they were to be
body-building type shots, as [Orton] wanted it to be known
that he was the fittest, best built playwright in the western
hemisphere. … When I was finally confronted by a slim youth,
wearing a pair of ever-so-slightly stained Aertex underpants,
I was ever-so-slightly shocked.’ This image is the queerest
iteration of Morley’s most famous composition, his 1963
photograph of Christine Keeler. In contrast to Keeler’s more
seductive pose, Orton appears relaxed and at ease with his
apparent nudity.

Given by Lewis Morley, 1984
Patrick Procktor 1936–2003
Joe Orton
1967
Ink on paper
X63331
This drawing appears to be an intimate image of Joe Orton,

yet it was commissioned by the Royal Court Theatre, to be
reproduced in a programme. Procktor’s line is deft and he
captures details such as Orton’s bird tattoo. Orton’s gaze
seems expectant and his hand preserves his modesty but
also hints at more erotic possibilities. Orton described the
sitting: ‘He drew me lying on the bed . . . I kept my socks
on, because I think they’re sexy. “I’ve drawn you looking like
a beautiful teenager”, Procktor said. “You’ll get a lot of kinky
letters after this, I’m sure.”’

Patrick Procktor 1936–2003
Derek Talking to me about Orpheus
1967
X64015
Patrick Procktor’s painting depicts his friend and fellow artist

and film-maker Derek Jarman. The two artists met while
Jarman was studying at the Slade. Older, more assured and,
at this point in their lives, more comfortable with his sexuality,
Procktor made a deep impression on Jarman and the two
became lovers. Proktor gave Jarman one of his paintings,
The Black Set 1963, which Jarman later hung over his bed
in his house at Dungeness, Kent. Jarman would go on to play
Procktor in Stephen Frear’s film Prick Up Your Ears 1987,
which told the story of the playwright Joe Orton.
From 1 May Derek Jarman’s film Blue 1993 will form a

Spotlight display at Tate Britain.
Private collection, London

Quentin Crisp
1941
X63267
Angus McBean met the writer and raconteur Quentin Crisp

while walking in the blackout in 1941 and the two became
lovers. McBean later said of Crisp, ‘He was really one of
the most beautiful people I have ever photographed. It
was a completely androgynous beauty and under different
circumstances it would have been difficult to know what sex
he was.’ This ambiguity is captured in McBean’s photograph,
which is posed to emphasise Crisp’s long lashes, glossy lips
and elaborate ring, the position of which is suggestive of an
earring. Crisp’s refusal to conform to traditional masculine
appearance was courageous and unswerving.

John Deakin 1912–1972
Colin
c.1950s
X66415
We don’t know anything about this the sitter in this portrait.

Deakin’s friend Bruce Bernard, who catalogued John Deakin’s
negatives, likely gave it the label ‘Colin’, perhaps from memory,
perhaps from an original sleeve note by Deakin. It is therefore
not clear whether it depicts a drag performance or whether
the glamourous outfit reflects the sitter’s true identity. It is,
however, shot in a domestic setting rather than on the stage,
leaving open the possibility that it depicts the sitter’s lived
experience.
John Deakin Archive / James Moores Collection

Muriel Belcher in the Colony Room
c.1955
X66412
Muriel Belcher was the notorious proprietor of the Soho pub

the Colony Room, founded in 1948. Belcher initially gave the
artist Francis Bacon £10 a week and free drinks to help drum
up trade. Belcher had numerous relationships with men and
women and was famously camp, referring to her customers
as her ‘daughters’ and virtually all men as ‘she’. Newcomers
to the pub who didn’t impress were dismissed with a savage
put-down.

Francis Bacon
c.1960s
X66414
The artist Francis Bacon and John Deakin were friends and
drinking partners. Deakin boasted that Bacon called him the
funniest man in London. Both shared an uncompromising
approach to sitters and Bacon commissioned photographs
from Deakin and drew on them as a visual resource for some
of his paintings. Deakin used a Rolleiflex camera, likely making
this double exposure a deliberate effect. The instability that
it gives the image is open to interpretation as a queer effect.
Deakin used this technique in other images.

Celia ‘Sammy’ Short
1939
X66416
Celia Short, known as Sammy, was a lesbian friend of John

Deakin and Barbara Ker-Seymer. Although this image is one
of a series that Deakin called his ‘drag’ pictures and is labelled
‘transvestite’ by Bruce Bernard, recent research has revealed
they actually depict of a group of women dressed in drag
costumes. These women also appear in Barbara Ker-Seymer’s
photograph albums, suggesting that they were part of the
same circle.

The Two Roberts Asleep - Colquhoun and MacBryde
c.1953
X66413
Robert Colquhoun and Robert MacBryde are here shown

asleep on each other shoulders in a moment of tender
intimacy. They had met on their first day at Glasgow School of
Art and became lovers and lifelong partners. This photograph
was probably taken at Tilty Mill, the home of the writer
Elizabeth Smart, who invited Colquhoun and MacBryde to live
with her and her partner the poet George Barker, when they’d
been evicted from their studio in London. They spent the next
four years there, combining painting with helping to raise
Smart and Barker’s four children. The edges of the image show
evidence of fire damage from some forgotten occasion.

Paul Danquah
c.1950s
X66390
Paul Danquah made his acting debut in the 1961 film of

Shelagh Delaney’s A Taste of Honey, which contained one
of the first positive depictions of a queer character on the
screen. This photograph was taken in the flat in Overstrand
mansions he shared with his lifelong partner Peter Pollock.
They were together for 56 years. Francis Bacon also lived with
them for a time, and they all holidayed together in Tangier,
where Danquah and Pollock eventually moved.

John Deakin
John Deakin seems almost to embody queer Soho of the

1950s. A close friend and drinking companion of Francis Bacon,
his portrait photographs include many artists, actors, poets
and celebrities. His style was often startlingly unflattering,
capturing his sitters as they truly were. He said of his work,
‘Being fatally drawn to the human race, what I want to do
when I take a photograph is make a revelation about it. So
my sitters turn into my victims.’ Deakin admitted to a drink
problem which led to a chequered career and was twice
sacked from Vogue. After his death, many of his photographic
negatives were found in a box under his bed and were saved
by his friend, writer and picture editor Bruce Bernard.
Case
Montague Glover
Ralph Hall
Z07355
This photograph depicts Ralph Hall, the lover and, ostensibly

at least, servant of amateur photographer, Montague Glover.
Glover and Hall met around 1930. Hall was a blond labourer
from the East End, while Glover was middle class, fifteen years
older and had served in the First World War. They fell in love
and Glover’s enormous archive of images of the working class
men that he fetishised includes numerous photographs of Hall:
in his army uniform, in labouring clothes, on the streets and in
bed. This private archive bears witness to a loving relationship
and to a widespread queer culture.
Courtesy of Neil Bartlett and James Gardiner

Letter from Ralph Hall to Montague Glover
X66389
The relationship between Ralph Hall and Montague ‘Monty’

Glover is extraordinary not only for the range of images it
contains but also the frank letters that the couple exchanged.
These include passionate declarations of their love for each
other – even in letters sent during Ralph’s military service,
which are marked as ‘passed’ by the censor. Ralph and Monty
lived together happily and comparatively openly for over fifty
years. On Monty’s death, Ralph inherited their house and its
contents.
Richard Chopping 1917–2008

The Fly
1965
X66447
From the archive of Jon Lys Turner
Richard Chopping was best-known to the public as the creator

of the striking cover designs of Ian Fleming’s James Bond
novels. His design for his own novel The Fly was similarly
bold, and was made even more unsettling when he turned his
original drawing upside down on the advice of his lover, artist
Denis Wirth-Miller. A macabre novel, its explicit queer themes
became its selling point. The reviews told how ‘Lust, aberration
and death are treated in the Grand Guignol manner’.
Case
Letter from Denis Wirth-Miller to Richard Chopping

12 November 1944
X64021
This letter was sent by Denis Wirth-Miller to Richard Chopping

from Wormward Scrubs, where he had been sent in 1944
after being sentenced to nine weeks for gross indecency.
He protested his innocence but was not believed. He had to
be careful not to say anything that might reveal his love for
Chopping in his letters, as this would have put Chopping at
risk. Nonetheless, the depth of their affection shines through.
Fom the archive of Jon Lys Turner

Richard Chopping and Denis Wirth-Miller
Z07350
Courtesy of John Lys Turner
The artists Richard Chopping and Denis Wirth-Miller met in

1937 and fell in love. They remained together until Chopping’s
death in 2008. This photograph shows them at their home
at Wivenhoe, which they bought together in 1944. Here, they
were regularly visited by friends such as John Craxton, Robert
Colquhoun and Robert MacBryde, and Francis Bacon, who
shared a studio with Wirth-Miller for a time. In defiance of
the law, they lived openly as a couple and finally celebrated
their civil partnership in 2005.
Richard Chopping
Valentine’s Day Card from Richard Chopping to Denis
Worth-Miller
X64022
Fom the archive of Jon Lys Turner
This Valentine’s Day card exchanged between Chopping and

Wirth-Miller is a rebus or pictogram. When decoded, it reads
‘I love you’.
Box of Buttons
Various dates
X64020
These buttons were collected by Richard Chopping and Denis
Wirth-Miller as mementos of liaisons with soldiers who were
stationed near their home at Wivenhoe. There are over two
hundred buttons in the box.
From the archive of Jon Lys Turner

John Minton 1917–1957
Horseguards in their Dressing Rooms at Whitehall
1953
Lithograph on paper
P77471
In the 1950s, off-duty guardsmen had a reputation for

engaging in casual sex work. It is therefore perhaps surprising
that John Minton submitted this image of young guardsman
in barracks for a series commissioned by the Royal College of
Art in 1953 to mark Queen Elizabeth II’s coronation. Minton
was attracted to men and recorded many of his sexual
encounters in his journal. In this context, the intimacy of the
scene, the Guardsman’s bare feet and the objects on the bed
have a potentially erotic significance that would have been
recognisable to viewers who shared Minton’s desires.

Photographer unknown for Keystone Press Agency Ltd
Michael Fox-Pitt-Rivers; Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu,
3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu; Peter Wildeblood
24 March 1954
X63362
This image captures Peter Wildeblood, Michael Pitt-Rivers

and Edward Montagu in a car outside Winchester Crown
Court where they were tried in 1953 for conspiracy to commit
‘serious offences with male persons’. Under police pressure
Wildeblood’s lover Edward McNally gave evidence against him,
together with John Reynolds, who had stayed with Wildeblood,
McNally and Pitt-Rivers in Montagu’s beach hut. The three
defendants were convicted and jailed: Wildeblood and Pitt-
Rivers for 18 months and Montagu for 12 months. The case
was criticised for being a police witch-hunt against gay men
and it led to calls for a change in law.

Case
Report of the Committee on Homosexual Offences and

Prostitution
1957
X65413
Better known as ‘The Wolfenden Report’, after its committee

chair John Wolfenden, this document was the first major step
towards decriminalisation. As well as taking evidence from
psychiatrists, doctors and policemen, it heard the testimony of
three gay men: Peter Wildeblood, Patrick Trevor-Roper and Carl
Winter, who were given pseudonyms to protect their identities.
The resulting report concluded that ‘homosexual behaviour
between consenting adults in private should no longer be a
criminal offence’. This conclusion was, however, controversial
and it was not until 1967 that sex between men was partially
decriminalised.
UK Parliamentary Archives (reference: HL/PO/

JO/10/11/579/1527)
Peter Wildeblood 1923–1999
Against the Law
1955
London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson
X66388
Private collection
Jailed as the result of a police witch hunt for gay men, Peter
Wildeblood became a leading campaigner for prison reform
and for the decriminalisation of homosexuality. In Against the
Law he told of his experiences in HM prison Wormward Scrubs.
It was described by the New Statesman’s critic as ’the noblest,
and wittiest, and most appalling prison book of them all’.
Photographer Unknown
Photograph Album
X63294
This anonymous photograph album is a private erotic project,

put together by someone who was attracted to jodhpurs and
guardsmen. While the early pages show the photographer’s
amateur snaps of military pageants and race-meetings, as the
album progresses, the pages get increasingly explicit, until
by the end of the book, it includes professional pornographic
images alongside his personal shots.
Scene from the film ‘Victim’ (Directed by Basil Dearden)
1961
Photograph
X67098
This publicity shot shows the final scene of the film Victim in
which the lawyer Harry Farr burns an incriminating photograph
that has been used to blackmail a friend, driving him to
suicide. Farr shares his friend’s desires and has sacrificed his
reputation to bring the blackmailers to justice. Dirk Bogarde
took the part of Farr – a particularly courageous decision as he
was living with his manager, actor Anthony Forward. He later
described playing Farr as ‘the wisest decision I ever made in
my cinematic life’.
Private collection
Picture Post
27 March 1954
X66451
This article from Picture Post tells the story of Roberta Cowell,
the first person in Britain to have gender reassignment surgery.
To have her gender changed on her birth certificate she had
to obtain a certificate from a surgeon stating she was intersex.
Legal recognition that she was female made it impossible for
her to continue her career as a Grand Prix driver. She sold her
story to Picture Post and published an autobiography. Cowell
sacrificed much and cut herself off from her children. Yet while
her life was complicated, it was undoubtedly courageous and
gave hope to many.
Private collection
Middle of the room
Case
Barbara Ker-Seymer
Barbara Ker-Seymer was a photographer active in the

interwar years. After studying at the Chelsea School of Art,
she worked for the society portrait photographer Olivia
Wyndham. When Wyndham moved to New York to be with
her lover, the African-American actress Edna Lloyd-Thomas,
Ker-Seymer was left in charge of her studio. She established
her own studio on New Bond Street in 1931, and began a
successful career as a fashion photographer for Harper’s
Bazaar. She pursued relationships with both men and
women, and was associated with the queer subculture
known as the Bright Young Things. After the Second World
War, she ceased to work as a photographer, opening a
laundrette in 1951. Her papers, in Tate Archive, are full of
playful images of her friends.
Photographer unknown
Barbara Ker-Seymer in her studio
Photograph
Z07284
Tate Archive
Barbara Ker-Seymer 1905–1993

Photograph album pages
Z07287–89
Tate Archive
These pages come from one of Ker-Seymer’s unbound private

photograph albums. In one sheet, the artist Edward Burra
poses coquettishly with his shirt undone, revealing his chest
and tattooed shoulder. Ker-Seymer has labelled the image
‘Lady Bureaux’, a female alter-ego Burra would often assume
in his riotously camp letters. Ker-Seymer is shown together
with her art school friend, Clover de Pertinez, while a third
page depicts a group of friends, posing on a visit to her
studio.
William Chappell as Creole Boy in Rio Grande
Photograph
Z07285
Tate Archive
Billy Chappell is photographed in his costume for Rio Grande,

a ballet choreographed by Frederick Ashton in 1931. Edward
Burra’s designs (displayed nearby) updated the traditional
sailor suit with a figure-fitting bodice edged with silver sequins.
Ashton and Burra were two of Ker-Seymer’s closest friends.
Letter from Barbara Ker-Seymer to Edward Burra

18 September 1928
Z07283
Tate Archive
In this letter, Ker-Seymer tells Edward Burra in September 1928,

how she has been ‘ordered out of the house’ by her mother
‘since The Well of Loneliness was found accidentally left lying
on the piano’. The trial of Radclyffe Hall’s novel for obscenity
gave it a reputation for frank depictions of female same-sex
desire.
Drawing of a woman
Z07286
Tate Archive
This illustration from Ker-Seymer’s papers depicts a woman

dressed in typical New Woman style, an androgynous look
Ker-Seymer would have depicted in her work as a fashion
photographer.

Photograph Album
Z07282
Tate Archive
This creatively arranged spread in one of Ker-Seymer’s

photograph albums shows images of a number of her friends,
including Marty Mann, an American who was for a time Ker-
Seymer’s business partner and lover. Mann’s drinking was
increasingly a problem and their relationship floundered.
She later became an important advocate for the newly
formed ‘Alcoholics Anonymous’.
A LL- GEN DER S
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M A NTON
FOY ER
INTER AC TIV E
SPACE
QUEER BRITISH ART
1861–1967
L ARGE PRINT GUIDE
ROOM 8
FRANCIS BACON AND
DAVID HOCKNE Y

The most fearless depictions of male same-sex desire in the
years before 1967 are in the work of Francis Bacon and David
Hockney. Bacon told how as a teenager his parents threw him
out of their home for trying on his mother’s underwear. He
gravitated to London, where he began his visceral exploration
of the human figure. Hockney arrived in London in 1959 to
study at the Royal College of Art. He was deeply impressed
by Bacon’s 1960 exhibition at the Marlborough Gallery,
commenting ‘you can smell the balls’, but his own style was
more playful, experimenting with abstraction and graffiti.
Hockney and Bacon both drew heavily on the visual culture

that surrounded them, from well-established artistic sources
such as Eadweard Muybridge’s innovative photographs of
wrestlers to cheap bodybuilding magazines. They were not
alone in spotting the homoerotic potential of this material –
artists such as Christopher Wood had already used the trope
of wrestlers to hint at queer intimacy. Yet Hockney and Bacon
went further, fearlessly stripping away ambiguities. Their
work was controversial. Bacon’s 1955 exhibition at the Institute
of Contemporary Arts was investigated by the police for
obscenity while Hockney once described his early paintings
as ‘homosexual propaganda’. They both continued to push
the boundaries of what could be depicted in art, breaking
new ground.
Work labels
David Hockney born 1937

Going to be a Queen for Tonight
1960
Oil paint on canvas
X63295
The words ‘queer’ and ‘queen’, both terms for gay men
at this time, are scrawled across the surface of this image.
Hockney was fascinated with the graffiti in the public toilets
at Earls Court Underground station. Here, messages about
opportunities for casual sex were mixed with other slogans.
The title playfully hints at these possibilities – ‘queen’ but
only for the night. It was one of a number of paintings made
by Hockney at the Royal College Of Art which reference queer
urban life. Hockney described his early works as ‘a kind of
mixture of Alan Davie cum Jackson Pollock cum Roger Hilton’.
Royal College of Art

Bertha alias Bernie
1961
Oil paint on canvas
X63296
Bertha Alias Bernie was inspired by a magazine story and

can be interpreted as depicting a drag queen, a cross-
dresser or a trans woman. The sparse details leave much
to the viewer’s imagination. Are the figures meeting in a club
or lying on a bed? Are we witnessing a sexual act or is the
shadowy figure the masculine alias of Bernie, which Bertha
has set aside? The spindly figurative style references the
French artist Jean Dubuffet. Hockney recalled, ‘I got taken
with the deliberately childish thing and felt that I could use
it with a lot of subjects and ideas’.
Royal College of Art

Francis Bacon 1909–1992
Seated Figure
1961
Oil paint on canvas
T00459
This image probably depicts Francis Bacon’s former lover

Peter Lacy. Bacon was a masochist and Lacy once told him
‘you could live in a corner of my cottage on straw. You could
sleep and shit there.’ Lacy’s suit and the inclusion of domestic
details such as the exotic rug and chair contrast with the
tempestuous abstract backdrop, giving the image an air of
suppressed violence. Bacon spoke of his treatment of sitters
in his portraits as an ‘injury’ and once said ‘I hate a homely
atmosphere. . . I want to isolate the image and take it away
from the interior and the home.’
Tate. Presented by J. Sainsbury Ltd 1961

Francis Bacon 1909–1992
Two Figures in a Landscape
1956
Oil paint on canvas
X63135
Two Figures in a Landscape combines the homoerotic themes

of the ‘crouching nude’ and ‘figures in the grass’ that Francis
Bacon explored in multiple paintings throughout the 1950s.
He was inspired by Eadweard Muybridge’s photographs of
wrestlers and athletes, along with Michelangelo’s drawings and
sculpture. Bacon adapted these to explore his homosexuality
with varying degrees of ambiguity. He later explained
‘Michelangelo and Muybridge are mixed up in my mind
together’ and ‘I manipulate the Muybridge bodies into the
form of the bodies I have known’.

Life Painting for a Diploma
1962
Oil paint, charcoal and collage on canvas
X63337
Life Painting for a Diploma formed part of David Hockney’s

final submission at the Royal College of Art. The hanging
skeleton displays Hockney’s skills as a draftsman but it is the
well-toned bodybuilder who catches the viewer’s attention.
Hockney’s gay American friend Mark Berger introduced him
to ‘beefcake’ magazines such as Physique Pictorial. Here,
the stereotypical model and inscription PHYSIQUE references
this material. Hockney claimed he painted this image to satisfy
the RCA’s requirement that students produce a number of life-
drawings. The work’s title and its contrast between the arid
skeleton and lively model (clearly not painted from life) subtly
mocks his instructors.
Yageo Foundation Collection, Taiwan

Cleanliness is Next to Godliness
1964
Screenprint on paper
P04315
Tate. Presented by Rose and Chris Prater through
the Institute of Contemporary Prints 1975

Wrestlers
1965
Watercolour and ink on paper
X63312
York Museums Trust (York Art Gallery). Gifted through the
Contemporary Art Society, as a bequest from Dr Ronald Lande,
in memory of his life partner Walter Urech, 2012
Christopher Wood 1901–1930

The Wrestlers
c.1920–30
Pencil on paper
X63980
Private collection
Nude wrestling was associated with ancient Greece and

Rome and there was a long tradition of wrestlers as an artistic
subject. There is, however, a striking tenderness to Christopher
Wood’s Wrestlers, who seem to be more embracing than
struggling against one another.
Wilhelm von Gloeden 1856–1931
Wrestlers
c.1903, printed 1911
Photograph, print on salted paper
X64040
Wilson Centre for Photography
Eadweard Muybridge 1830–1904

Wrestlers Plate 347
Two Wrestlers
c.1887
2 photographs, collotype on paper
X64039
Wilson Centre for Photography
X63315
These plates come from Eadweard Muybridge’s innovative

series of photographs of the human figure in motion, which
depicted men and women carrying out activities such as
running, jumping or, in these examples, wrestling. There is
little suggestion that Muybridge was aware of the homoerotic
potential of his work but his wrestlers, in particular, became
well known in queer circles. A correspondent to the American
magazine Physique Pictoral remarked that he was amazed
that these images had not been censored.
Centre of the room
Case
Physique Photography In Britain
British Physique photography flourished after the Second World

War. Body-building magazines such as Health and Strength
or Man’s World could be purchased quite innocently in
newsagents. For many gay men, however, these publications
were an important first step towards finding a community.
Bodybuilding shots, wrestlers and ‘art studies’ offered a pretext

for gay photographers such as Vince, Basil Clavery (alias
‘Royale’ and ‘Hussar’), Lon of London and John Barrington
to produce homoerotic imagery. Their work often included
references to classical civilisation, an established shorthand
for queer culture. Some dropped the pretence of bodybuilding
altogether and sold more explicit material directly to a
burgeoning private market.
This was a risky business: selling or sending such images

through the post could land both photographer and purchaser
in jail. Yet for many gay men, the easy availability of physique
imagery gave reassurance that they were not alone. Somebody
out there understood and shared their desires.
TIMELINE
1861
Offences Against the Person Act abolishes the death penalty
for sodomy.
1885
‘Gross indecency’ (any sexual activity between males) becomes
a crime under the Criminal Law Amendment Act.
1895
Oscar Wilde is sentenced to two years hard labour for gross
indecency.
1921
Gross indecency is set to be extended to acts between women.
The House of Lords rejects this on the grounds that most
women are not aware of lesbianism.
1928
Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness is published. It is soon
put on trial for obscenity. Ironically this raises public awareness
of lesbianism that the prosecutors sought to repress.
1951
Roberta Cowell (1918–2011) becomes the first known British
trans woman in the UK to have gender reassignment surgery
and a change of birth certificate.
1957
The Wolfenden Report is published after a succession
of high profile convictions for gross indecency.
It recommends partial decriminalisation of sex between men
for consenting adults in private.
1967
Sexual Offences Act is passed. This includes the partial
decriminalisation of homosexuality in private and sets the age
of consent in England and Wales at 21.
FIND OUT MORE
To book event tickets call 020 7887 8888 or visit tate.org.uk
Members Private View

Tuesday 4 April, 10.00–17.15
Wednesday 12 April, 18.45–21.30
Tuesday 2 May, 18.45–21.30
For Members with the London Private View Pass
Tour: Audio Description

Monday 15 May
Manton Studio, 10.30–12.30
Free, no booking required
Tour: British Sign Language

Saturday 20 May
Manton Foyer, 11.00–12.00
LIVE E VENTS
The Black Flamingo Open Studio

3 May–11 June, 10.00 –18.00
Learning Gallery,
Free
Collaborate with artist Ben Connors and poet Dean Atta as they
make new works exploring queer identity.
For residency and performance days see tate.org.uk
Late At Tate Britain: Queer British Art
Friday 2 June, 18.00–22.00
An evening exploring a mix of sound, visuals and making.
Curated by 15–25 year olds from Tate Collective London.
Festival: Queer British Art

Saturday 24 June,14.00–22.00
Free. Some events require tickets
See tate.org.uk for further details
Performance: A Vision Of Love Revealed

In Sleep: Neil Bartlett
Friday 7 July
1840s Gallery
TALK S AND TOU R S
Curator’s Tour: Clare Barlow

Monday 8 May, 18.30–20.30
Linbury Galleries
£20 (£15 concessions)
Talk: Alan Cumming On Queer British Art
Sunday 14 May, 14.00–15.00
Clore Auditorium
£12 (£8 concessions) talk only
£22 (£8 concessions) talk and exhibition
Curator’s Tour: Eleanor Jones

Friday 8 September, 18.30–20.30
Linbury Galleries
£20 (£15 concessions)
CONFERENCE
From Then To Now: Contemporary Artistic Perspectives

On Making Queer Visible
Saturday 3 June
Clore Auditorium
Artists, activists and creative practitioners will discuss the ways
in which artists and curators represent and articulate queer
identities, communal spaces and the impact of regeneration,
mainstreaming and the commodification of queer culture.
FURTHER RE ADING
Emmanuel Cooper
The Sexual Perspective: Homosexuality and
Art in the Last 100 Years in the West 1986
Catherine Lord & Richard Meyer

Art & Queer Culture 2013
Alex Pilcher
A Queer Little History of Art 2017
Christopher Reed
Art and Homosexuality: A History of Ideas 2011
Nikki Sullivan
A Critical Introduction to Queer Theory 2003
Claude J Summers
The Queer Encyclopedia of the Visual Arts 2004
C ATALOGU E
An exhibition catalogue is available from Tate shops or
at tate.org.uk/shop
Queer British Art 1861–1967
5 April –1 October 2017
Curated by Clare Barlow

Assisted by Amy Concannon
Thanks to Eleanor Jones, Alex Pilcher

and Andrew Stephenson
Exhibition contractors MC Designers Ltd

Graphic design by Tate Design Studio
Lighting by Lightwaves
We are grateful to Tate Art Installation Team
Films commissioned by Catherine Bray, Random Acts and Sofie

Roberts, Tate Digital
With thanks to Channel 4
Supported by
The Queer British Art Exhibition Supporters Circle:
London Art History Society
With additional support from Tate Patrons

and Tate Members
This exhibition has been made possible by the provision of
insurance through the Government Indemnity Scheme. Tate
would like to thank
HM Government for providing Government Indemnity
and the Department of Culture, Media and Sport
and Arts Council England for arranging the indemnity.
Catalogue
The catalogue of this exhibition is available from
Tate shops or at tate.org.uk/shop
A LL- GEN DER S
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M A NTON
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SPACE

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QUEER BRITISH ART

L ARGE PRINT GUIDE

Please return to holder

For me, to use the word ‘queer’ is a liberation;

Queer British Art 1861–1967 explores connections between

Terms such as ‘lesbian’, ‘gay’, ‘bisexual’ and ‘trans’ were not

Much material has been lost or destroyed – this is a history

The death penalty for sodomy was abolished in 1861 but

These ambiguities offered scope for artists to produce work

Simeon Solomon 1840 –1905

This delicate self-portrait is by Simeon Solomon, an artist

Tate. Presented anonymously 1919

This work was inspired by a passage from the Gospel of

Victoria and Albert Museum

Solomon was Jewish and many of his earliest drawings

Lent by Birmingham Museums Trust on behalf of

The classical god of wine, Bacchus also embodies sexual

Lent by Birmingham Museums Trust on

This strikingly frank image shows the ancient Greek poet

Tate. Purchased 1980

Made a few years after Solomon’s arrest and social

Tate. Presented by Miss Margery Abrahams in memory of

This anguished drawing is one of a series of images of

Neil Bartlett and James Gardiner Collection

Hope is depicted as a respectably fully-clothed matron,

Lent by Birmingham Museums Trust on

Aurora, goddess of the dawn, is shown here gently

Lent by the Russell‑Cotes Art Gallery & Museum,

In a story from the Roman poet Ovid’s Metamorphoses,

While Henry Scott Tuke used the professional model Nicola

Lent by the Royal Academy of Arts, London

Courtesy of Leamington Spa Art Gallery & Museum

Lent by the Royal Academy of Arts, London

Henry Scott Tuke 1858–1929

Henry Scott Tuke 1858–1929

Henry Scott Tuke 1858–1929

When William Blake Richmond’s painting was first displayed

The Master, Fellows, and Scholars of Downing College

German photographer Wilhelm von Gloeden’s images of

Victoria and Albert Museum, London

Made for Ashbee’s friend James Headlam, this cup is

According to artist W Graham Robertson, when this painting

Tate. Presented by Mrs Watts by the wish of

John Addington Symonds was a writer, critic and an early

Victoria and Albert Museum

Male beauty is a recurrent theme in Walter Pater’s

Frederic Leighton 1830–1896

Frederic Leighton’s The Sluggard seems to epitomise the

Tate. Presented by Sir Henry Tate 1894

Hamo Thornycroft’s innovative depiction of an attractive

Tate. Presented by Arthur Grogan 1985

L ARGE PRINT GUIDE

Please return to holder

Roger Fry 1866–1934

Roger Fry met the campaigner Edward Carpenter in 1886,

National Portrait Gallery, London. Given by Roger Fry, 1930

The sexologist Henry Havelock Ellis’s great work Sexual

National Portrait Gallery, London.

Oscar Wilde described the home of the artist and designer