Zeal Study Tet Physics Study Material Zeal Study
Zeal Study Tet Physics Study Material Zeal Study
Zeal Study Tet Physics Study Material Zeal Study
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tFg;G : 6 Standard : 6
Types of energies
1. ,ae;jpu Mw;wypd; ,U tiffs; : epiyahw;wy; kw;Wk; ,af;f Mw;wy;..
Mechanical Energy : two types are Potential energy and Kinetic energy.
2. ntg;gk; xU tif Mw;wy; vd fz;lth; - N[k;]; [_y;.
Heat is a form of energy – by James Joule.
3. Mw;wypd; myF – [_y;
Unit of energy is joule.
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4. Ntjp Mw;wy; - czT> vhpnghUs;> kpd;fyd;.
5.
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Chemical energy sources : food, fuels, cells.
kpd; tpsf;F – kpd;Mw;wy; xspahw;wyhFk;
Electric bulb – electric energy into light energy.
6. kpd;tprpwp – kpd; Mw;wy; ,af;fMw;wyhFk;.
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Electric fan - electric into mechanical energy.
7. mdy;kpd; epiyak; - ntg;g Mw;wy; kpd; Mw;wyhFk; ,lk;.
Thermal power stations – heat energy into electric energy.
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tFg;G : 6 Standard : 6
xspapay; - LIGHT
1. fypypNah – njhiyNehf;fp (1609)
Galileo – Telescope ( 1609 )
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2. cyf tpz;ntsp Mz;L – 2009
Year of Astronomy is 2009. tud
3. #hpa xsp G+kpia mila MFk; fhyk; - 8 epkplk; 20 tpehb
Time taken by the sun light to reach the earth – 8 minute 20 second.
4. Crpj;Jisf; fhkpuh – xsp Neh;f;Nfhl;by; nry;Yk; vd epUgpf;Fk; fUtp
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Pin hole camera proves that light travels in straight line.
5. xspfrpAk; nghUs; - jd; topNa gFjpahf Yk; mDkjpf;Fk; nghUs; - vz;nza; jltpa fhfpjk;
Translucent objects – partially allow light to pass through them – tracing paper
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6. jd; topNa xspia nry;y mDkjpf;Fk; nghUs;fs; - xsp GFk; nghUs;fs; -fz;zhb. J}a ePu;.
The objects that allow light to pass through them – transparent objects – glass, pure water.
7. jd; topNa xspia nry;y mDkjpf;fhj nghUs;fs; - xsp Gfh nghUs;fs; - fy;. ge;J.
The objects that allow light to pass through them – transparent objects – stone, ball..
8. fpufzk; - #hpas;> G+kp> re;jpud;; xNu Neu;f;Nfhl;by; mikAk;.
Eclipses are formed when the Sun, the Earth and the Moon come in straight line.
9. re;jpu fpufzk; - re;jpud; kiwf;fg;gLk; ( kiwg;gJ G+kp )
Lunar eclipse – when the shadow of the earth falls on moon ( moon is hidden )
10. #hpa fpufzk; - #hpad; kiwf;fg;gLk; ( kiwg;gJ epyh )
Solar eclipse – when the shadow of the moon falls on earth (sun is hidden )
11. re;jpud; xU xspuhg; nghUs; - #upa xspiag; ngw;W xspu;fpd;wJ.
Moon is a non-luminous body – it reflects the sun light.
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12. jhkhf xspiaj; jUk; nghUs;fs; - xspUk; nghUs;fs; - #upad;> lhu;r;R tpsf;F
The bodies which emit light by itself – luminous bodies – Sun, Torch light.
tFg;G : 7
15. xspapay; ( LIGHT )
1. xsp – ghh;f;Fk; czh;itj; jUk; Mw;wy;
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Light is a form of energy that gives us the sensation of vision.
2. vjpnuhspg;G – xsp nghUs;fspd; kPJ gl;L jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gLk; nray;
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The bouncing back of light from a surface is called reflection.
3. Mb – jd; kPJ tpOk; xspia Vwf;Fiwa KOtJkhf vjpnuhspf;f $ba gug;G
A mirror is a shining surface which reflects almost all the light falling on it.
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4. gpk;gk; cUthjy; - xsp vjpnuhspg;gjhy; gpk;gk; cUthFk;
When light is reflected, image is formed.
5. rkjs Mb gpk;gk;
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Spherical mirrors
1. convex mirror - The mirror with the bulged reflecting surface.
2. concave mirror - the mirror with the hollow reflecting surface.
8. Fop Mb – xspia vjpnuhspj;J xU Gs;spapy; Ftpf;Fk;
Concave mirror - makes the light to meet at a point after reflection.
9. Ftp Mb – xsp vjpnuhspj;J tphpe;J nry;Yk;
Concave mirror - makes the light to diverge from a point.
10. nka;gpk;gk; - jhspy; my;yJ jpiuapy; tpOk; gpk;gk; nka;gpk;gk;
The image formed on the paper or screen is called a real image.
11. Fop Mb – gad;fs;
Concave mirror - Uses
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(1) thfd Kfg;G tpsf;F 1) reflectors in car head lamps
(2) njhiyNehf;fpapy; vjpnuhspg;G Mb 2) reflectors in telescopes
(3) Kfr; rtuk; nra;a cjTk; fz;zhb
tud 3) shaving mirrors
(4) #hpa mLg;Gfspy; xspia Ftpf;f gad;gLk; 4) solar cookers
12. Ftp Mb - gad;fs;
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(1) thfdq;fspy; gpd;Gwk; cs;stw;iw ghh;f;Fk; fz;zhb
(2) mjpfkhd ,lj;ij fz;fhzpff;f cjTk; Mb
Convex mirrors - Uses
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tFg;G : 8 Standard : 8
xspapay; kw;Wk; xypapay ;
LIGHT and SOUND
(1) xspapay; ( LIGHT )
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Divergent beam - the rays move away from apoint
5. gLfjph; :vjpnuhspg;G jsj;jpy; gLfpd;w xspf; fjph;
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A light ray which strikes the surface is called as an incident ray.
6. vjpnuhspg;G fjph; : vjpnuhspg;G jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J mNj Clfj;jpy; jpUg;gp nry;Yk; fjph;
The light ray that comes out from the reflecting surface after reflection is called reflected ray.
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7. gLNfhzk; : gLfjpUf;Fk; Fj;Jf; Nfhl;bw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s Nfhzk;
Angle of incidence – the angle between the incident ray and the normal.
8. Fj;Jf; NfhL : vjpnuhspg;Gj; jsj;j py; gLGs;spapd; kPJ tiuag;gLk; nrq;Fj;Jf;NfhL.
Normal - The perpendicular line drawn to the surface at the point of incidence
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19. ePUf;Fs; itj;j ngd;rpy; tistJ Nghd;W Njhd;WtJ : xsp tpyfy;
The pencil looks bent when it is in the water. This is due to refraction.
20.
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xspfjph; mlh;Fiw Clfj;jpy; ,Ue;J mlh; kpF Clfj;jw;F nry;Yk; NghJ : nrq;Fj;J Nfhl;il
Nehf;fp tpyFk;.
When light travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium, it will be deviated towards the normal.
21. xspfjph; mlh;kpF Clfj;jpy; ,Ue;J mlh; Fiw Clfj;jpw;F nry;Yk; NghJ : nrq;fj;J Nfhl;il
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tpl;L tpyfp nry;Yk;.
When light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium, it will be deviated away from the normal.
22. ePr;ry; Fsj;jpy; Mok; Fiwe;jJ Nghy; Njhd;WtJ : xsp tpyfy;
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– It is 25 cm.
30. fz;zhb xsp ,io : tud
- nkype;j tisAk; jd;ik nfhz;l fz;zhb jz;L
- KO mf vjpnuhspg;Gj; jj;Jtj;jpd; gb ,aq;Fk;
- nra;jp njhlh;G iriffs; kw;Wk; ekJ
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- clypd; cs; cWg;Gfis glk; vLf;f cjTk;
Optical fibers :
1) based on the principle of total internal reflection.
2) Optical fibers are thin, flexible and transparent strands of glass
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tFg;G : 8 Standard : 8
(2) xypapay; ( SOUND )
1. mjph;TWk; nghUs;fs; xypia Vw;gLj;Jk;.
Vibrating bodies produce sound.
2. xyp jplg; nghUs;fspy; Ntfkhf guTk;.
Sound travels very much faster in solids than liquid and air.
3. xyp gut VNjDk; xU Clfk; Njit (fhw;W> eP h;)
For the propagation of sound, a medium is necessary
4. kzp FLitr; Nrhjid – xyp ntw;wplj;jpy; guthJ vd ep&gpf;Fk; Nrhjid
Bell jar experiment proves that sound cannot pass through vacuum.
5. Mz;fspd; Fuy; ehz;fspd; ePsk; - 20 kp.kP
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The vocal cords in men are about 20 mm long.
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***** Best wishes *****
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tFg;G : 9 Standard : 9
xypapay; ( SOUND )
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Sound of frequencies below 20Hz are called infrasonic.
14. bA®£° - Kj‹ Kjyhf nuonah miyfŸ ÏU¥gij MŒé‹ _y« ã%äjh¬.
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Hertz proved the existence of radio waves first.
15. mÂf msÎ bréz® beL¡f« bfh©lJ – flš ehŒ.
Which one has large audible range? – seal.
16. nrhdh® - flè‹ MH« fhz.
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Sonar – Depth of the sea.
17. xè _y¤Â‰F«, nf£FeU¡F« Ïilæš xU rh¬Ãa¡f« cŸsnghJ xèæ‹m¬bt©âš njh‰w kh‰w«
V‰gL« ãfœÎ lh¥s¬ éisÎ vd¥gL«.
The phenomenon of the apparent change in the frequency
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of the source due to relative motion between the source and the observer is called as Doppler’s effect
18. nulh¬ ga‹fŸ:
1) Ú®_œ»¡ f¥gš k‰W« th}¬Âfë‹
Ïa¡f« k‰W« Âirntf« fhz
2) thfd¤Â‹ ntf« fhz
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tFg;g[ Standard : 10
( Electricity and energy )
1.
The rate of flow of charge is called electric current.
2.
The unit of current is ampere.
3. X
1 C is the charge contained in nearly 6 X 10 18 electrons.
4.
The unit of potential difference is volt.
5. V = I R.
The equation for Ohm’s law is V = I R.
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6. Rs = R1 + R2 + R3.
7.
Resistors in parallel – 1/ RP = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +1/ R3
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Resistors in series – Effective desistance Rs = R1 + R2 + R3.
1/ RP = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +1/ R3
8. H = I2 R t.
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Joule’s law of heating H = I 2 R t.
9. 37 % 63 %
Fuse wire is an alloy. 37 % lead and 63 % tin.
10. V
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16.
2
1H + 1 H 3 → 2 He 4 + 0 n 1 +
17. = 9 X 10 16 J.
The energy produced when 1 kg of substance is fully converted into energy = 9 X 10 16 J.
18.
The unit of radioactivity is Roengen.
19. 250 mR per week.
Safety limit of radioactivity is 250 mR per week.
20. 1.6 X 10 12
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One roentgen is defined as the quantity of radiation which produces 1.6 x 10 pairs of ion in 1 gram of air.
tFg;g[ _ 10 Standard : 10
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Magnetic effect of electric current and Light
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Presbyopia - The power of accommodation of the decreases with ageing.
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