6 Gas Turbine Fuel Systems PDF
6 Gas Turbine Fuel Systems PDF
6 Gas Turbine Fuel Systems PDF
Walid Abdelghaffar
Fuel Systems
Fuel Gas
Requirements
The figure lists typical fuel
gas requirements for gas
turbine engines. These
requirements are:
Liquid Fuel
Requirements
The figure lists typical liquid fuel
requirements for gas turbine
engines. These requirements are:
· fuel temperature
· fuel viscosity
· pour point
· fuel quality
The main components of a fuel gas system and liquid fuel system are given
next.
Filter Separators
The purpose of the filter separators in the
fuel gas supply system is to provide
filtration and separation of the fuel gas
before it enters the fuel control system.
Filter Separators
Like the lube oil and some hydraulic oil
filters, the filter separators are equipped
with differential pressure indicators and
alarms.
Control System
Fuel gas flows from the filter to
the gas turbine fuel system which
is controlled by the turbine control
system.
These devices provide fuel gas supply information to the control system
instruments.
Control System
Introduction
The figure shows a
simplified gas turbine
package fuel gas
system.
· strainer
· gas supply pressure switch
· stop/speed ratio valve assembly
(stop/ratio valve and gas control
valve)
· fuel gas pressure transducer
· fuel vent solenoid valve
· four linear variable differential
transformers (LVDT) position
sensors
· two electrohydraulic servo valves
· three gas pressure gauges
· Speedtronic controls
Strainer
· a stop valve
· gas pressure regulation
Fuel gas flow to the gas control valve and gas turbine is
stopped.
(Contd.)
LVDTs (Position
Sensors)
Linear variable differential
transformers (LVDTs) are position
sensors attached to the valve stems.
A fuel gas control system contains
four LVDTs:
LVDTs sense the position of the SRV and the GCV and transmit signals to
the appropriate Speedtronic control system segment.
Here the signals are changed into DC signals, which are compared to the
FSR.
This signal is then transmitted to the servo valves, which regulate the flow
of oil to the actuator cylinder, repositioning the SRV and the GCV.
Servo Valves
Pressure Gauges
Three gas pressure gauges are
installed in the fuel gas supply line.
Speedtronic Control
Components
Control Loops
Contd.
Gas Turbine_Fuel Systems Dr. Walid Abdelghaffar
Fuel Gas Control System
The acceleration speed relay indicates that the turbine has reached
approximately 40% to 50% speed in the acceleration cycle.
The high-speed sensor indicates that the turbine is at operating speed and
that the accelerating sequence is complete.
Gas Turbine_Fuel Systems Dr. Walid Abdelghaffar
Fuel Gas Control System
Temperature Control
Loop
The purpose of the temperature
control loop is to limit the turbine
firing temperature by regulating
fuel flow.
Contd.
Protective System
Supertonic Control:
Basic Function
Contd.
· relief valve
· pressure controls
· pressure indicator
· temperature indicator
· level indicators The relief valve (PSV) is a safety device
· level controls and/or alarms designed to prevent excessive pressure in
the tank.
Gas Turbine_Fuel Systems Dr. Walid Abdelghaffar
Liquid Fuel System
Pressure, Temperature,
& Level Controls
Fuel Filters
Fuel oil flows from the fuel oil pump to
the gas turbine via the pump discharge
header. In the figure, a filter removes
solid particles from the fuel oil.
Fuel Filters
Fuel Manifold
Solar gas turbines may also have an air
assist manifold. Air assist manifold-to-
injector tube assemblies carry fuel-
atomizing air to the fuel nozzles.
Fuel Nozzles
Fuel nozzles are located in the inlet of
the combustor.
· simplex
· duplex
· air blast
(Contd.)
The higher volume and higher pressure fuel flow from the
outer orifice narrows the spray pattern so that fuel does
not touch the combustion liner.
The head of the fuel nozzle usually has air holes that
provide some primary air for combustion.
This air also cools and cleans the nozzle head and spray
orifices.
Gas Turbine_Fuel Systems Dr. Walid Abdelghaffar
Liquid Fuel System
Compression Ratio
· flyweight governor
· magnetic sensors
Flyweight Governor
A flyweight governor consists of a pair
of weights, called flyweights, a tension
spring, and a governor rod.
Temperature Sensors
(Contd.)
Gas Turbine_Fuel Systems Dr. Walid Abdelghaffar
Liquid Fuel System
Introduction
(Contd.)
Gas Turbine_Fuel Systems Dr. Walid Abdelghaffar
Liquid Fuel System
System Operation:
Start-up Sequence
1) The start-up sequence of the fuel system
is initiated when the start switch is
pressed.
System Operation:
Start-Up Sequence
Engine temperature control is offset
during start-up. The impending high
temperature alarm and high turbine
temperature shutdown setpoints are
temporarily increased approximately 50°F.
System Operation:
Start-Up Sequence
System Operation:
Shutdown Sequence
3) The purge valve opens to purge the fuel system until engine
speed decreases below 15%.
5) The Pcd bleed valve opens to cutoff Pcd air and vent the fuel
control valve.
(Contd.)
System Operation:
Shutdown Sequence