Web Automation With

Selenium Web Driver And

Python

PT Swamedia Informatika
2019
 Material List
• Python Fundamental
• Selenium WebDriver with Python
 What is Python
Python is a widely used high-level programming language for
general purpose. Python features a dynamic type system and
automatic memory management and supports multiple
programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative,
functional programming, and procedural styles. It has a large and
comprehensive standart library.
 What Python can do ?
● Web Development (server-side),
● Software Development,
● Mathematics,
● System Scripting
 Why Python ?
● Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc).
● Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language.
● Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs with fewer lines than
some other programming languages.
● Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can be executed as soon
as it is written. This means that prototyping can be very quick.
● Python can be treated in a procedural way, an object-orientated way or a
functional way.
 Current Python Version
● Python 3.x is the current version and is under active
development
● Python 2.x is the legacy version and will receive only security
updates until 2020
 Python Installation
Install the current Python version https://www.python.org/downloads/
 Python Editor
• IDLE is a simple editor for Python, that comes bundled with
Python
• Online Python shell https://www.python.org/shell/
• Using favorite IDE like Sublime, Visual Studio Code, or
Pycharm
<variable name> = <value> ● # String
● # Integer name = 'John Doe'
a=2 print(name)
print(a) # Output: John Doe
# Output: 2 ● # Boolean
● # Floating point q = True
pi = 3.14 print(q)
print(pi) # Output: True
# Output: 3.14 ● # Empty value or null data type
● # String x = None
c = 'A' print(x)
print(c) # Output: None
# Output: A
 Block Indentation in Python
Python uses indentation to define control and loop constructs. This contributes to
Python's readability, however, it requires the programmer to pay close attention to the
use of whitespace.
Python uses the colon symbol ( : ) and indentation for showing where blocks of code
begin and end. That is, blocks in Python, such as functions, loops, if clauses and other
constructs, have no ending identifiers. All blocks start with a colon and then contain the
indented lines below it.
Block Indentation in Python
Casting
 Python Strings
● String literals in python are surrounded by either single quotation marks, or double
quotation marks. 'hello' is the same as "hello"
● Strings in Python are arrays of bytes representing unicode characters
● Python does not have a character data type, a single character is simply a string
with a length of 1. Square brackets can be used to access elements of the string.
 Python Strings
Get the character at position 1 Substring. Get the characters from
position 2 to position 5
 Python Strings
There are a lot of methods that can use string operation
Python allows for command line input.
like :
Below code will ask for your name and
● strip() method to remove whitespace in string
print it into the terminal
character
● len() method to get size of a string
● lower() method to make a return of string to be
lower case
● upper() method to make a return of string to be
upper case
● replace() method to replace a string with another
string
● split() method to split a string into substrings
 Python Operator
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
Python divides the operators in the following groups :
● Arithmetic operators
● Assignment operators
● Comparison operators
● Logical operators
● Identity operators
● Membership operators
● Bitwise operators
 Python Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical
operations
 Python Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables
 Python Comparator Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values :
 Python Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements :
 Python Identity Operators
Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are
actually the same object, with the same memory location :
 Python Membership Operators
Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object :
 Python Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers :
 Python Array (list)
Array is a special variable, which can
hold more than one value at a time.

Accessing Array using arr[index]

Return length of array using len() method

 Array Methods
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on lists/arrays
Array Methods
 Python Tuples
A tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable. In Python tuples are
written with round brackets.
 Set
A set is a collection which is unordered and unindexed. In Python sets are written with
curly brackets.
 Set Methods
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on sets
Set Methods
Set Methods
 Dictionary
A dictionary is a collection which is unordered, changeable and indexed. In Python
dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and they have keys and values
Dictionary
 Dictionary Methods
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on dictionaries
Dictionary Methods
 Control Flow (IF - ELSE)
Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:
● Equals: a == b
● Not Equals: a != b
● Less than: a < b
● Less than or equal to: a <= b
● Greater than: a > b
● Greater than or equal to: a >= b
Control Flow (IF - ELSE)
Control Flow With Logical Operator
 Python For Loop
A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a
dictionary, a set, or a string). With the for loop we can execute a set of statements,
once for each item in a list, tuple, set etc.
 Python While Loop
With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is true
 Python Functions
A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called. You can pass data,
known as parameters, into a function. A function can return data as a result.
Python Functions
 Object Oriented Programming in Python
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept
of "objects", which can contain data, in the form of fields (often known as attributes),
and code, in the form of procedures (often known as methods).
A feature of objects is an object's procedures that can access and often modify the data
fields of the object with which they are associated (objects have a notion of "this" or
"self").
 Inheritance
Inheritance is the mechanism of basing an object or class upon another object
(prototype-based inheritance) or class (class-based inheritance), retaining similar
implementation. Also defined as deriving new classes (sub classes) from existing ones
(super class or base class) and forming them into a hierarchy of classes.
 Polymorphism
Polymorphism is the provision of a single interface to entities of different types or the
use of a single symbol to represent multiple different types.
 Encapsulation
Encapsulation refers to the bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data.
Encapsulation is used to hide the values or state of a structured data object inside a
class, preventing unauthorized parties' direct access to them.
 Python Classes and Objects
A Class is like an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects.
 Python __init__() Function
All classes have a function called __init__(), which is always executed when the class
is being initiated.
Use the __init__() function to assign values to object properties, or other operations
that are necessary to do when the object is being created.
 So what the ‘self’ keyword means ?
The self parameter is a reference to the class itself, and is used to access variables that
belongs to the class.
It does not have to be named self , you can call it whatever you like, but it has to be the
first parameter of any function in the class.
 Python Inheritance
Inheritance allows us to define a class that inherits all the methods and properties from
another class.
Parent class is the class being inherited from, also called base class.
Child class is the class that inherits from another class, also called derived class.
Python Inheritance
 Python Inheritance
If you want to customize your child class (e.x. Adding property, adding method, or
overriding parent’s method) you can use __init__() function.
 Python Overriding Parent Method
Overriding means that a child class wants to change the implementation of parent class
method.
 Python Modules
Consider a module to be the same as a code library.
A file containing a set of functions you want to include in your application.
 Python Datetime
A date in Python is not a data type of its own, but we can import a module named
datetime to work with dates as date objects.
 Python PIP
PIP is a package manager for Python packages, or modules if you like.
PIP is included if you have python 3.4 version or later.
Visit link https://pypi.org/project/pip/ to install pip.
Visit link https://pypi.org/ to list all python packages.
 Python Exception Handling
When an error occurs, or exception as we call it, Python will normally stop and
generate an error message.
The try block lets you test a block of code for errors.
The except block lets you handle the error.
The finally block lets you execute code, regardless of the result of the try- and except
blocks.
Python Exception Handling
 What is Selenium ?
Selenium is a set of different software tools each with a different approach to
supporting test automation. Most Selenium QA Engineers focus on the one or two
tools that most meet the needs of their project, however learning all the tools will give
you many different options for approaching different test automation problems. The
entire suite of tools results in a rich set of testing functions specifically geared to the
needs of testing of web applications of all types. These operations are highly flexible,
allowing many options for locating UI elements and comparing expected test results
against actual application behavior. One of Selenium’s key features is the support for
executing one’s tests on multiple browser platforms.
 Selenium Web Driver vs Selenium IDE
Selenium WebDriver Selenium IDE
A collection of language specific bindings to drive a will do simple record-and-playback of interactions
browser -- the way it is meant to be driven. with the browser.

● create quick bug reproduction scripts

● create robust, browser-based regression ● create scripts to aid in automation-aided
automation suites and tests exploratory testing
● scale and distribute scripts across many
environments
 Selenium WebDriver
Selenium WebDriver was developed to better support dynamic web pages where
elements of a page may change without the page itself being reloaded. WebDriver’s
goal is to supply a well-designed object-oriented API that provides improved support
for modern advanced web-app testing problems.
 Unit Testing Framework
Unit testing framework was originally inspired by JUnit and has a similar flavor as
major unit testing frameworks in other languages. It supports test automation, sharing
of setup and shutdown code for tests, aggregation of tests into collections, and
independence of the tests from the reporting framework.
Unit Testing Framework
Unit Testing Framework
 Selenium WebDriver Implementation
● Install selenium via pip
● Download driver for specific browser (e.x. ChromeDriver or FirefoxDriver)
 Reference
https://www.w3schools.com/python/
https://goalkicker.com/PythonBook/
https://www.seleniumhq.org/
https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html
https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/getting-started.html