CARS MODEL - Swales PDF
CARS MODEL - Swales PDF
CARS MODEL - Swales PDF
The following is based upon an empirically-derived model of how “real-world” research article
introductions commonly proceed. Note that it is not a set of rules, but rather something of a
guide as to what readers of research articles and academic essays are likely to expect (and find),
a set of patterns in introductions that facilitate their reading and comprehension. You might
think of each “move” below as a kind of verbal action—a “move” a writer will make to have a
particular effect on the reader. By constructing an introduction more or less along these lines,
you ensure your reader has enough information to follow your essay and make use of the
information it contains.