Handout 2946 MA2946-L PDF
Handout 2946 MA2946-L PDF
Handout 2946 MA2946-L PDF
MA2946-L
Learning Objectives
At the end of this class, you will be able to:
Navigate the user interface in the dynamic simulation environment
Edit joints and loads
Understand simulation results
Perform post-processing of simulation results
Follow this main workflow to create a dynamic simulation in Autodesk Inventor Professional.
1. Model assembly: Model the components that will be analyzed and assemble them.
2. Create /edit joints: Identify the locations where components move relative to one another.
Choose the type of joint from a standard joints, rolling joint, sliding joints, 2D contact and Forces
joint
3. Define environment: Add physical information about the machine: gravity, friction, damping, and
external forces.
4. Run simulation: Review the motion of the model by setting up the cycle time, number of steps
to show, and other items.
5. Analyze results: Plot and review information about the machine reactions as it runs, including
positions, velocities and acceleration, reaction forces and torques, and driving forces.
Trebuchet Assembly
Stress Analysis
In this section you run a stress analysis that will be compared to the results after the dynamic simulation
analysis is run. To save time, the constraints and loads have been applied to this part.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
3. In the browser expand the Constraints node and click on Pin Constraint:1 (The middle hole is
highlighted, showing that the part can rotate about this hole) and Fixed Constraint:1 (The end
hole is highlighted, showing that the part can cannot about this hole).
4. You can also find the reaction forces and reaction moment for each constraint by right-clicking on
the constraint and click Reaction Forces from the menu. The reaction force or reaction moment is
the force or moment which is required to reach equilibrium.
5. In the browser expand the Loads node and click on Force:1. This shows the direction of the force
that we believe will be applied to the part.
6. To see the magnitude of the applied forces, double-click on either the Force in the browser or on
one of the arrows in the graphics window. Notice that 100 lbforce has been applied to the outside
hole.
7. Run the simulation by clicking the Simulate command on the Stress Analysis tab >Solve panel
and then click Run from the Simulate dialog box.
8. Review the results by double-clicking on the Results entries in the browser. The following image
shows that the safety factor has a minimum value of 2.2.
Note: The results are only as good as the loads and constraints that were input.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
3. The following image shows the initial components in the Dynamic Simulation environment.
a. Ribbon: Since we are still in Inventor the panel and tools change to reflect the Dynamic
Simulation environment.
b. Grounded: Components that have zero degrees of freedom and components that have
NO applied assembly constraints.
c. Mobile: Components with degrees of freedom allowing them to participate in the
simulation when forces are applied.
i) Welded Groups: When a rigid relationship (no degrees of freedom between
components) exists between components the components are placed in a
welded group.
d. Standard Joints: Joints created by automatic constraint conversion when entering the
dynamic simulation environment.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
e. External Loads: Loads that you can apply are Gravity, forces and torque applied to
components.
f. Simulation Player: Controls how the simulation is run.
Note: More information about these tools and other tools will be discussed throughout this paper.
Note: A grounded component and a component that has no assembly constraints applied will be
grounded in the Dynamic Simulation environment.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
Mechanism Status
Before running a simulation, use the Mechanism Status command to see if there are degrees of
redundancy (when assembly constraints are converted to joints they can over constrain the assembly at
specific area, which tells Inventor that there are multiple solutions to solve for), degrees of mobility
(movement or rotation), number of bodies (number of components in the assembly) and number of mobile
bodies (number of components that can move or rotate).
1. Click the Mechanism Status command from the Dynamic Simulation tab > Joint panel.
2. Review the information in the Mechanism Status and Redundancies dialog box, and then click
OK.
3. With experience you may decide to not automatically have the assembly constraints converted to
joints. To not convert assembly constraints to joints click the Simulation Settings command on the
Dynamic Simulation tab >Manage panel.
4. Uncheck the Automatically Convert Constraints to Standard Joints option and then click No, when
prompted to Maintain Standard Joints automatically created from Assembly Constraints?
5. Click OK and the Mobile Groups and Standard Joints nodes will be removed from the browser
and all of the components will be moved to the Grounded folder as shown in the following image
on the left.
6. Click the Mechanism Status command from the Dynamic Simulation tab > Joint panel.
7. Review the information in the Mechanism Status and Redundancies dialog box as shown in the
following image on the right. When done click OK.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
8. To automatically convert assembly constraints back to joints click the Simulation Settings
command on the Dynamic Simulation tab >Manage panel and then in the dialog box click (check)
the Automatically Convert Constraints to Standard Joints option and then OK.
9. Notice the Mobile Groups and Standard Joints nodes are recreated in the browser.
10. Click the Mechanism Status command from the Dynamic Simulation tab > Joint panel.
11. The information in the Mechanism Status and Redundancies dialog box is the same as when you
first started the Dynamic Simulation. When done click OK.
12. To better see which components are mobile (can move or rotate) you can change the color of
these components. To change the color of mobile components, right-click on the Mobile Groups
node in the browser and click Color mobile groups. The mobile components will automatically
change to different colors.
13. Remove the color of mobile components, right-click on the Mobile Groups node in the browser
and click Color mobile groups.
Create a Simulation
In this section you create a simulation by defining gravity and creating additional joints.
1. Continue working on the Trebuchet Assembly Start.iam or if the components were moved, close
the assembly without saving the changes and reopen the file .\Trebuchet\Trebuchet Assembly
Start.iam.
2. Run the simulation by clicking the Play button in the Simulation Player dialog box.
3. When the simulation is played, no parts moved because gravity has not been defined. Notice that
the data in the browser is greyed out; this is because the Simulation Player environment is active.
To exit this environment, click the Construction Mode button in the Simulation Player dialog box.
Note: You need to wait for simulation to complete before you can click rewind
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
6. Run the simulation by clicking the Play button in the Simulation Player dialog box.
7. The simulation plays, notice the Projectile Arm goes through the Ground because there is no
relationship (joint) between the Projectile Arm and the Ground. In the Simulation Player dialog
box click Rewind to the beginning of the simulation button.
8. Exit the simulation player environment by clicking the Construction Mode button in the Simulation
Player dialog box.
9. To create a joint, click the Insert Joint command on the Dynamic Simulation tab >Joint panel.
10. In the Insert Joint dialog box select the 3D Contact joint from the dropdown menu and then select
the Projectile Arm part and the Ground part (it does not matter where you select on the parts) and
then click OK. It does not matter where you select on the part.
11. Run the simulation by clicking the Play button in the Simulation Player dialog box.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
12. As the simulation plays, the Projectile Arm now drags on top of the Ground component but goes
through the Projectile. In the Simulation Player dialog box click the Rewind to the beginning of the
simulation button.
13. Next you need create three more 3D Contacts joints. Click the Insert Joint command on the
Dynamic Simulation tab >Joint panel.
14. In the Insert Joint dialog box select the 3D Contact joint from the dropdown menu and do the
following:
a. Select the Projectile Arm and the Projectile, and then click apply
b. Select the Projectile and the Ground, and then click apply
c. Select the Projectile Arm and the Stopper and then click OK.
15. Run the simulation by clicking the Play button in the Simulation Player dialog box.
16. As the simulation plays, the Projectile Arm contacts the Projectile but bounces back because the
Projectile is grounded (no assembly constraints were applied). In the Simulation Player dialog box
click the Rewind to the beginning of the simulation button.
17. Next you need create a Spatial joint to allow the projectile to move. Click the Insert Joint
command on the Dynamic Simulation tab >Joint panel.
18. In the Insert Joint dialog box select the Spatial joint from the list and then select the Projectile Arm
and in the Insert Joint dialog box click the Component 2 selection button and then select the
Projectile and then click OK. It does not matter where you select on the part.
19. Run the simulation by clicking the Play button in the Simulation Player dialog box.
20. As the simulation plays, the Projectile is thrown into the air. If desired, change your viewpoint and
rerun the simulation.
21. Save the file.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
To get more information about the simulation, you can add trace points that will show a range of motion or
a path. You can also use the Output Grapher to examine a variety of results from the simulation
including; results for forces, position of joints, acceleration, and velocity.
1. If you successfully completed the last section, you can continue working on the same file. If you
were not able to complete the previous section, open the file .\Trebuchet\Trebuchet Assembly -
Force Joints Added.iam
2. Enter the Dynamic Simulation environment by clicking Environment tab > Begin panel > Dynamic
Simulation.
3. Open the Output Grapher by clicking the Output Grapher command on the Dynamic Simulation
tab > Results panel.
4. Add a trace by right-clicking on the Traces option in the left side of the Dynamic Simulation
Output Grapher dialog box and click Add Trace from the menu.
5. First select the location to add the trace, in the graphics window select the end of the Projectile
Arm as shown in the following image on the left.
6. In the Trace dialog box do the following (shown in the following image on the right).
a. In the Display trace column (displayed in graphics window), check the Trajectory option
b. In the Output trace value column (display in the Output Grapher), check the Trajectory,
Velocity and Acceleration options.
c. Select the Change Color option for the Trajectory and change it to green.
d. Click Apply
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
7. Add another trace to the Projectile, use the same Display trace and the Output trace value
column as you did in step 6 but change the color, to a color of your choice.
Note: If desired you can change the name of the traces by clicking on the trace entry in the
Output Grapher dialog box and enter a new name.
8. In the Output Grapher dialog box expand the Traces > Positions node for both the Trace:1 and
Trace:2 and check the P[Z] (position of the Z axis).
9. Change the viewpoint to look directly at the Front view by clicking the FRONT plane on the
ViewCube.
10. With the Output Grapher dialog box open, run the simulation by clicking the Play button in the
Simulation Player dialog box. The trace parts will appear on the screen and in the Output Grapher
dialog box as the simulation is run.
Note: In the Simulation Player dialog box, you can adjust the length the simulation will run and
the number of steps that will be captured.
11. In the Output Grapher dialog box double-click on a point on the graph and the components will
move to reflect the selected time.
12. If desired turn on the visibility of the velocity and acceleration of the Projectile.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
13. In the chart area in the Output Grapher dialog box, right-click on one of the trace points or on one
of the column name’s and click Unselect all Curves from the menu.
14. In the left column in the Output Grapher dialog box expand the Standard Joints node and then
expand Revolution:3 (Welded group:2, Welded group:1) and then from the Force folder check
Force[Z]. The name of the Revolution number may be different.
Note: From the stress analysis you did in the first section, you know the minimum safety factor is
near the end of the long section of the TrebArm.ipt, which happens to be near Revolution Joint:3.
15. The results should appear in the graph area in Output Grapher dialog box, similar to what is
shown in the following image on the left. If the results are not in the graph rerun the simulation by
clicking the Play button in the Simulation Player dialog box.
16. In the chart area in the Output Grapher dialog box, right-click on one of the Force[Z] points or on
the column name and click Search Max. from the menu as shown in the following image on the
right. The components will move to this point in time.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
Export to FEA
To get more accurate stress analysis results, you can export the forces and loads from the Dynamic
Simulation environment to the Stress Analysis environment. In this section you will export the reactionary
forces on the Treb Arm.ipt to the Stress Analysis environment.
1. If you successfully completed the last section, you can continue working on the same file. If you
were not able to complete the previous section, open the file .\Trebuchet\Trebuchet Assembly -
Force Joints and Traces.iam.
2. If needed, enter the Dynamic Simulation environment by clicking Environment tab > Begin panel
> Dynamic Simulation and open the Output Grapher by clicking the Output Grapher command on
the Dynamic Simulation tab > Results panel.
3. Since the Treb Arm, is in a welded group, you need to clear the existing results and then use the
Export to FEA command before running the simulation.
a. In the Simulation Player click the Construction Mode button as shown in the following
image on the left.
b. In the Output Grapher dialog box, click the Clear button as shown in the following image
on the right.
4. In the left column in the Output Grapher dialog box expand the Standard Joints node and then
expand Revolution:3 and then from the Force folder ensure that Force[Z] is checked.
5. In the Output Grapher dialog box click the Export to FEA button.
6. The Export to FEA dialog box appears, in the graphics window select the Treb Arm and then click
OK.
7. Next you have to connect each joint to the hole on the part. In the FEA Load-Bearing Faces
Selection dialog box you select a joint and then select the hole on the part where the joint is. After
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
connecting a joint with its hole, the yellow explanation point disappears. After connecting the
four joints click OK.
a. Revolution:3 = Far left hole
b. Revolution:4 = Middle hole
c. Revolution:5 = Far right hole
d. Revolution:12 = Top hole (for the stopper)
8. Run the simulation by clicking the Play button in the Simulation Player dialog box.
9. In the chart area in the Output Grapher dialog box, right-click on one of the Force[Z] points or on
the column name and click Search Max. from the menu.
10. Next you set which time step will be exported. In the Output Grapher dialog box, do the following.
a. On the Max stress row, click (check) the Export to FEA box.
b. From the top toolbar, click the Export to FEA button.
11. The Export to FEA dialog box appears again, in the graphics window select the Treb Arm and
then click OK.
12. Exit the Dynamic Simulation environment by clicking the Finish Dynamic Simulation command on
the Dynamic Simulation tab > Exit panel.
13. Enter the Stress Analysis environment by clicking the Stress Analysis command on the
Environment tab > Begin panel.
14. Create a new simulation by clicking the Create Simulation command on the Stress Analysis tab >
Manage panel.
15. In the Create New Simulation dialog box, check the Motion Loads Analysis option, the Treb Arm:1
part and the exported time step will automatically be selected. Then click OK.
Note: You can export as many steps as desired; you would then select a step from the Time Step
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
16. The loads and forces where automatically applied from Dynamic Simulation all you need to do is
run the simulation by clicking the Simulate command on the Stress Analysis tab >Solve panel and
then click Run from the Simulate dialog box.
17. Analyze the results by double-clicking on the Results entries in the browser. The following image
shows that the safety factor has a minimum value of 15.
Note: With a safety factor of 15 you can remove material to reduce the weight and then rerun the
analysis.
18. If desired you can create a report about the simulation by clicking the Stress Analysis tab >Report
panel.
19. Save and close the file
Optional Exercise
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
1. In the Open dialog box click the Boom Arm folder in the Frequently Used Subfolders area in the
Open dialog box and then double-click on Trebuchet Assembly – Max Velocity.iam.
2. Edit components in the trebuchet to increase the velocity of the projectile.
3. In the Output Grapher, confirm the velocity of the Projectile – Trace:2 V[Z]. The starting,
maximum velocity is 153.03700 in/s.
4. When done, close the file and do not save the changes.
1. In the Open dialog box click the Boom Arm folder in the Frequently Used Subfolders area in the
Open dialog box and then double-click on Boom Arm Assembly - Start.iam.
2. Enter the Dynamic Simulation environment by clicking the Dynamic Simulation command on the
Environment tab > Begin panel.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
3. In this file the automatic conversion of assembly constraints to joints is off. To automatically
convert assembly constraints back to joints click the Simulation Settings command on the
Dynamic Simulation tab >Manage panel and then in the dialog box click (check) the Automatically
Convert Constraints to Standard Joints option and then OK.
4. The Dynamic Simulation dialog box will appear, telling you that the mechanism is over-
constrained by 1 degree as shown in the previous image. This means that that there is one
conflict. Click OK to close the dialog box.
5. In the browser notice the symbol. This tells us where the conflict exists. Expand the Standard
Joints node and then expand Cylindrical:1… and click Mate:13.
6. The Mate (line-line) constraint in the center of the cylinder is highlighted. This gives you place to
investigate the redundancy.
7. Exit the Dynamic Simulation environment by clicking the Finish Dynamic Simulation command on
the Dynamic Simulation tab > Exit panel.
Note: You can delete and edit assembly constraints in the Dynamic Simulation environment, or
exit the environment and make the changes in the assembly environment.
8. In the browser expand the Cyl_Bucket_foot_Deeper_Rod:1 and click on Mate:8 and then
Mate:13. These two Mate (line-line) command intersect and are causing the redundancy.
Note: To solve the redundancy you will delete a Mate (line-line) constraint and replace it with a
Mate (point-point) constraint. A Mate (line-line constraint maintains 2 degrees of mobility and the
Mate (point-point) maintains 3 degree of mobility. When the two constraints are converted to
joints there will be 1 degree of mobility where the cylinder is connected to the cylinder bucket foot.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
9. In the browser right-click on Mate:8, and click Delete from the menu.
10. Move the end of the cylinder rod away from the assembly.
11. Next you apply an assembly constraint. Follow these steps.
a. Click the Constrain command from the Assemble tab > Component panel.
b. In the graphics window select the circular edge of the Compensator:1 (yellow part) and
then the circular edge of the hole on the Cyl_Bucket_foot_Deeper_Rod:1 (grey part).
c. Click OK.
Note: In the optional exercise you learn how to simplify the cylinder that will remove the
redundant joint and place the joint in the middle of the shaft.
12. Enter the Dynamic Simulation environment by clicking the Dynamic Simulation command on the
Environment tab > Begin panel.
13. You notice there was no redundancy message and the symbol has been removed.
14. Save the file.
Simulation
1. If you successfully completed the last section, you can continue working on the same file. If you
were not able to complete the previous section, open the file.\Boom Arm\Boom Arm Assembly -
Constraint Fixed.iam.
2. If needed, enter the Dynamic Simulation environment by clicking Environment tab > Begin panel
> Dynamic Simulation.
3. Define gravity by expanding the External Loads node in the browser and then double-clicking on
the Gravity node and then do the following:
a. Uncheck the Suppress option
b. Click the Entity Selection button and then select the top surface of the Arm.
c. Reverse the direction of gravity by clicking the Flip Direction button.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
d. Click OK
4. Run the simulation by clicking the Play button in the Simulation Player dialog box. The bucket
swings down and through the Arm and through the cylinder.
5. Set the simulation to its beginning position, by clicking the Rewind button in the Simulation Player
dialog box.
6. Next you define the time in which the length of the stroke of the cylinder. To make this change
you need to be in the construction mode, in the Simulation Player click the Construction Mode
button.
7. In the browser, under the Standard Joints node, double-click on Cylindrical:1(Cy_Bucket_…
8. Click the dof 2 (T) tab. The (T) tells you that this is a translational degree of freedom. The Edit
initial conditions button should be current as shown in the following image on the left. Set the
current position to zero, by right-clicking in the Position cell and click Set offset as shown in the
following image on the right. This change does not affect the assembly constraint offset value; it
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
just gives you an easy way to set a distance based on the current position.
11. Next you set the time and distance the cylinder will travel within this time. In the Imposed Motion
dialog box do the following.
a. Change the starting point for the X1 = 0 s and Y1 = 0 mm
b. Change the Ending point for the X2 = 3 s and Y2 = -750 mm
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
16. In the graph area of Output Grapher dialog box, review the results of the imposed force.
17. Set the simulation to its beginning position, by clicking the Rewind button in the Simulation Player
dialog box.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
18. Next you apply a force to the bucket. To add this force, you need to be in the construction mode,
in the Simulation Player click the Construction Mode button.
19. Change the viewpoint so you can see the teeth like what is shown in the following image on the
left. And then click the Force command on the Dynamic Simulation tab > Load panel, and then do
the following.
a. Define the location of the force by clicking an endpoint on the middle tooth
b. Define the direction of one of the long vertical edges on one of the teeth.
c. In the Force dialog box change the Magnitude to 500 lbforce, it will automatically be
converted to Newtons.
NOTE: You can also enter the value in Newtons or metric units.
d. Reverse the direction of the force to it is point toward the inside of the bucket by clicking
the Direction button.
e. To keep the force parallel to the selected edge, though the range of motion, click the
Associative Load Direction option.
f. Click the OK button.
20. Run the simulation by clicking the Play button in the Simulation Player dialog box.
21. In the Output Grapher dialog box, review the imposed force.
22. Save and close the file.
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
Optional Exercise
Simplified Cylinder with Two Lines
In the last exercise you fixed a redundant issue between two conflicting assembly constraints. You can
simplify the geometry by using lines to represent components such as cylinders.
1. Open the file .\Boom Arm\Boom Arm Assembly - Cyl - Two Lines.iam.
2. To save time, this assembly has a level of detail that will suppress the existing cylinder with two
lines. In the browser expand the Level of Detail node and then double-click on Cylinder - Two
Lines.
3. In the browser expand Cyl Line:1 and Cyl Line:2 and investigate the assembly constraints that
were created. Click and drag on the bucket, notice how the bucket responds the same as when
the full cylinder was used.
4. Use what you learned in the first two exercises to create a simulation of this assembly.
a. Convert assembly constraints to joints
b. Setup gravity
c. Apply an imposed motion of 750 mm to Cylindrical:2 (Cyl Line:1, Cyl Line: 2)
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Autodesk® Inventor® Dynamic Simulation: Its Bark Is Worse than Its Bite!
References
The original Trebuchet assembly was created by John Helfen of Autodesk Inc.
The original Boom Arm assembly was created by Saso Janjevski and can be downloaded from:
http://grabcad.com/library/case-cx350b
Additional Resources
Learn more about simulation from Autodesk Simulation Workshop
www.autodesk.com/simulationworkshop
Autodesk SIM Squad: Autodesk team of simulation experts who speak the language of CFD, FEA,
and all things mechanical and plastic injection molding
simulation.http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/pc/index?id=16661243&siteID=123112
Up and Running with Autodesk Inventor Professional 2013 : Part 1 Stress and Frame
Analysis
http://www.amazon.com/Running-Autodesk-Inventor-Professional-
2013/dp/1475129351/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1351792460&sr=8-
1&keywords=wasim.younis+autodesk
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2061026&trk=anet_ug_hm
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