Dbms Lab Manual PDF
Dbms Lab Manual PDF
Dbms Lab Manual PDF
(Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Recognized by Govt. of Karnataka)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
15CSL58
V Semester B.E
Prepared by,
Prof. Rajshekar SA
Prof Harsha AC
Prof Chaitra YG
Reviewed by
Dr. Arun Biradar Dr. S. Nandagopalan Head of the
Head of the Department Department
Dept. of Computer Science & Engg Dept. of Computer Science & Engg
East West Institute of Technology Bangalore Institute of Technology
Bangalore-560 091 Bangalore-560004
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences,
and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design
system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the
public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions
in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of
the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in
diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in
a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
PSO2: Design, implement and test system software and application software to meet the desired needs.
PSO3: Apply knowledge and develop solutions in the areas of Computer hardware, Computer
Graphics, Communication networks, Storage technology and Programming languages.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2 COURSE DETAILS
Course Objectives
Syllabus II
Course Outcomes
4 Introduction 1-16
COURSE OBJECTIVES
2. Consider the following schema for Order Database: SALESMAN(Salesman_id, Name, City,
Commission) CUSTOMER(Customer_id, Cust_Name, City, Grade, Salesman_id) ORDERS(Ord_No,
Purchase_Amt, Ord_Date, Customer_id, Salesman_id) Write SQL queries to
Count the customers with grades above Bangalore’s average.
Find the name and numbers of all salesman who had more than one customer.
List all the salesman and indicate those who have and don’t have customers in their cities (Use UNION
operation.)
Create a view that finds the salesman who has the customer with the highest order of a day.
Demonstrate the DELETE operation by removing salesman with id 1000. All his orders must also be
deleted.
3. Consider the schema for Movie Database:
ACTOR(Act_id, Act_Name, Act_Gender) DIRECTOR(Dir_id, Dir_Name, Dir_Phone)
MOVIES(Mov_id, Mov_Title, Mov_Year, Mov_Lang, Dir_id) MOVIE_CAST(Act_id, Mov_id, Role)
RATING(Mov_id, Rev_Stars) Write SQL queries to
List the titles of all movies directed by ‘Hitchcock’.
Find the movie names where one or more actors acted in two or more movies.
List all actors who acted in a movie before 2000 and also in a movie after 2015 (use JOIN operation).
Find the title of movies and number of stars for each movie that has at least one rating and find the
highest number of stars that movie received. Sort the result by movie title.
Update rating of all movies directed by ‘Steven Spielberg’ to 5.
4. Consider the schema for College Database:
STUDENT(USN, SName, Address, Phone, Gender) SEMSEC(SSID, Sem, Sec)
CLASS(USN, SSID)
SUBJECT(Subcode, Title, Sem, Credits)
IAMARKS(USN, Subcode, SSID, Test1, Test2, Test3, FinalIA) Write SQL queries to
List all the student details studying in fourth semester ‘C’ section.
Compute the total number of male and female students in each semester and in each section.
Create a view of Test1 marks of student USN ‘1BI15CS101’ in all subjects.
Calculate the FinalIA (average of best two test marks) and update the corresponding table for all
students.
Categorize students based on the following criterion:
If FinalIA = 17 to 20 then CAT = ‘Outstanding’ If FinalIA = 12 to 16 then CAT = ‘Average’
If FinalIA< 12 then CAT = ‘Weak’
Give these details only for 8th semester A, B, and C section students.
5. Consider the schema for Company Database:
EMPLOYEE(SSN, Name, Address, Sex, Salary, SuperSSN, DNo) DEPARTMENT(DNo, DName,
MgrSSN, MgrStartDate) DLOCATION(DNo,DLoc)
PROJECT(PNo, PName, PLocation, DNo) WORKS_ON(SSN, PNo, Hours)
Write SQL queries to
Make a list of all project numbers for projects that involve an employee whose last name is ‘Scott’,
either as a worker or as a manager of the department that controls the project.
Show the resulting salaries if every employee working on the ‘IoT’ project is given a 10 percent raise.
Find the sum of the salaries of all employees of the ‘Accounts’ department, as well as the maximum
salary, the minimum salary, and the average salary in this department
Retrieve the name of each employee who works on all the projects controlledby department number 5
(use NOT EXISTS operator).
For each department that has more than five employees, retrieve the department number and the
number of its employees who are making more than Rs. 6,00,000.
For any problem selected, write the ER Diagram, apply ER-mapping rules, normalize the relations, and
follow the application development process.
Make sure that the application should have five or more tables, at least one trigger and one stored
procedure, using suitable frontend tool.
Indicative areas include; health care, education, industry, transport, supply chain, etc.
.
LAB EVALUATION PROCESS
1 Observation Book 6
2 Record 6
TOTAL 12
2 Conduction 50
3 Viva Voce 10
TOTAL 80
CREATE SCHEMA
Specifies a new database schema by giving it a name
CREATE TABLE
Specifies a new base relation by giving it a name, and specifying each of its attributes and their data
types
Syntax of CREATE Command:
CREATE TABLE <table name> ( <Attribute A1> <Data Type D1> [< Constarints>],
<Attribute A2> <Data Type D2> [< Constarints>],
…….
<Attribute An> <Data Type Dn> [< Constarints>], [<integrity-constraint1>, <integrity-constraint k> ]
);
- A constraint NOT NULL may be specified on an attribute A constraint NOT NULL may be specified
on an attribute Ex: CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT (
ALTER TABLE:
Used to add an attribute to/from one of the base relations drop constraint -- The new attribute will have
NULLs in all the tuples of the relation right after the command is executed; hence, the NOT NULL
constraint is not allowed for such an attribute.
Example: ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE ADD JOB VARCHAR2 (12);
The database users must still enter a value for the new attribute JOB for each EMPLOYEE tuple. This
can be done using the UPDATE command.
DROP A COLUMN (AN ATTRIBUTE)
ALTER TABLE COMPANY.EMPLOYEE DROP ADDRESS CASCADE; All constraints and views
that reference the column are dropped automatically, along with the column. ALTER TABLE
COMPANY.EMPLOYEE DROP ADDRESS RESTRICT; Successful if no views or constraints
reference the column. ALTER TABLE COMPANY.DEPARTMENT ALTER MGRSSN DROP
DEFAULT;
In Q2, there are two join conditions The join condition DNUM=DNUMBER relates a project to its
controlling department The join condition MGRSSN=SSN relates the controlling department to the
employee who manages that department
ALIASES, * AND DISTINCT, EMPTY WHERE-CLAUSE
In SQL, we can use the same name for two (or more) attributes as long as the attributes are in different
relations
A query that refers to two or more attributes with the same name must qualify the attribute name with
the relation name by prefixing the relation name to the attribute name Example:
EMPLOYEE.LNAME, DEPARTMENT.DNAME
Some queries need to refer to the same relation twice. In this case, aliases are given to the relation name
Example
Query 3: For each employee, retrieve the employee's name, and the name of his or her immediate
supervisor.
Note: It is extremely important not to overlook specifying any selection and join conditions in the
WHERE-clause; otherwise, incorrect and very large relations may result
USE OF *
To retrieve all the attribute values of the selected tuples, a * is used, which stands for all the attributes
Examples:
Retrieve all the attributes of an employee and attributes of DEPARTMENT he works in for
every employee of ‘Research’ department.
Query 5: Make a list of all project numbers for projects that involve an employee whose last
name is 'Smith' as a worker or as a manager of the department that controls the project.
Q5: (SELECT PNAME FROM PROJECT, DEPARTMENT, EMPLOYEE WHERE
DNUM=DNUMBER AND MGRSSN=SSN AND LNAME='Smith')
UNION
NESTING OF QUERIES
A complete SELECT query, called a nested query, can be specified within the WHERE-clause of
another query, called the outer query. Many of the previous queries can be specified in an alternative
form using nesting
Query 6: Retrieve the name and address of all employees who work for the 'Research'
department.
Q6: SELECT FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE DNO IN
(SELECT DNUMBER FROM DEPARTMENT WHERE DNAME='Research' )
Note: The nested query selects the number of the 'Research' department. The outer query selects an
EMPLOYEE tuple if its DNO value is in the result of either nested query. The comparison operator IN
compares a value v with a set (or multi-set) of values V, and evaluates to TRUE if v is one of the
elements in V
In general, we can have several levels of nested queries. A reference to an unqualified attribute refers to
the relation declared in the innermost nested query. In this example, the nested query is not correlated
with the outer query
CORRELATED NESTED QUERIES
If a condition in the WHERE-clause of a nested query references an attribute of a relation declared in
the outer query, the two queries are said to be correlated. The result of a correlated nested query is
different for each tuple (or combination of tuples) of the relation(s) the outer query
Query 7: Retrieve the name of each employee who has a dependent with the same first name as
the employee.
Q7: SELECT E.FNAME, E.LNAME FROM EMPLOYEE AS E WHERE E.SSN IN (SELECT ESSN
FROM DEPENDENT WHERE ESSN=E.SSN AND E.FNAME=DEPENDENT_NAME)
In Q7, the nested query has a different result in the outer query. A query written with nested SELECT...
FROM… WHERE... blocks and using the = or IN comparison operators can always be expressed as a
single block query. For example, Q7 may be written as in Q7a
Q7a: SELECT E.FNAME, E.LNAME FROM EMPLOYEE E, DEPENDENT D WHERE
E.SSN=D.ESSN AND E.FNAME=D.DEPENDENT_NAME
THE EXISTS FUNCTION
EXISTS is used to check whether the result of a correlated nested query is empty (contains no tuples)
or not. We can formulate Query 7 in an alternative form that uses EXIST.
Q7b: SELECT FNAME, LNAME FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM DEPENDENT WHERE SSN=ESSN AND
FNAME=DEPENDENT_NAME)
Note: In Q8, the correlated nested query retrieves all DEPENDENT tuples related to an EMPLOYEE
tuple. If none exist, the EMPLOYEE tuple is selected
EXPLICIT SETS
It is also possible to use an explicit (enumerated) set of values in the WHERE-clause rather than a
nested query
Query 9: Retrieve the social security numbers of all employees who work on project number 1, 2,
or 3.
Q9: SELECT DISTINCT ESSN FROM WORKS_ON WHERE PNO IN (1, 2, 3)
Query 10: Retrieve the names of all employees who do not have supervisors.
Q10: SELECT FNAME, LNAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SUPERSSN IS NULL
Note: If a join condition is specified, tuples with NULL values for the join attributes are not included in
the result
AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS
Include COUNT, SUM, MAX, MIN, and AVG
Query 11: Find the maximum salary, the minimum salary, and the average salary among all
employees.
Q11: SELECT MAX (SALARY), MIN(SALARY), AVG(SALARY)
FROM EMPLOYEE
Note: Some SQL implementations may not allow more than one function in the SELECT-clause
Query 12: Find the maximum salary, the minimum salary, and the average salary among
employees who work for the 'Research' department.
Q12: SELECT MAX (SALARY), MIN(SALARY), AVG(SALARY) FROM
EMPLOYEE, DEPARTMENT WHERE DNO=DNUMBER AND DNAME='Research'
Queries 13 and 14: Retrieve the total number of employees in the company (Q13), and the
number of employees in the 'Research' department (Q14).
Q13: SELECT COUNT (*) FROM EMPLOYEE
Q14: SELECT COUNT (*) FROM EMPLOYEE, DEPARTMENT WHERE DNO=DNUMBER AND
DNAME='Research’
GROUPING
In many cases, we want to apply the aggregate functions to subgroups of tuples in a relation
Each subgroup of tuples consists of the set of tuples that have the same value for the grouping
attribute(s)
The function is applied to each subgroup independently
SQL has a GROUP BY-clause for specifying the grouping attributes, which must also appear in the
SELECT-clause
Query 15: For each department, retrieve the department number, the number of employees in
the department, and their average salary.
Q15: SELECT DNO, COUNT (*), AVG (SALARY) FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY DNO
In Q15, the EMPLOYEE tuples are divided into groups. Each group having the same value for the
grouping attribute DNO
The COUNT and AVG functions are applied to each such group of tuples separately
The SELECT-clause includes only the grouping attribute and the functions to be applied on each group
of tuples
A join condition can be used in conjunction with grouping
Query 16: For each project, retrieve the project number, project name, and the number of
employees who work on that project.
Q16: SELECT PNUMBER, PNAME, COUNT (*)
THE HAVING-CLAUSE
Sometimes we want to retrieve the values of these functions for only those groups that satisfy certain
conditions. The HAVING-clause is used for specifying a selection condition on groups (rather than on
individual tuples)
Query 17: For each project on which more than two employees work, retrieve the project
number, project name, and the number of employees who work on that project.
Q17: SELECT PNUMBER, PNAME, COUNT (*) FROM PROJECT, WORKS_ON WHERE
PNUMBER=PNO GROUP BY PNUMBER, PNAME
HAVING COUNT (*) > 2
SUBSTRING COMPARISON
The LIKE comparison operator is used to compare partial strings. Two reserved characters are used:
'%' (or '*' in some implementations) replaces an arbitrary number of characters, and '_' replaces a
single arbitrary character.
Query 18: Retrieve all employees whose address is in Houston, Texas. Here, the value of the
ADDRESS attribute must contain the substring 'Houston,TX‘ in it.
Q18: SELECT FNAME, LNAME
FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE ADDRESS LIKE '%Houston,TX%'
Query 19: Retrieve all employees who were born during the 1950s.
Here, '5' must be the 8th character of the string (according to our format for date), so the BDATE value
is ' 5_', with each underscore as a place holder for a single arbitrary character.
Q19: SELECT FNAME, LNAME
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
The standard arithmetic operators '+', '-'. '*', and '/' (for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division, respectively) can be applied to numeric values in an SQL query result
Query 20: Show the effect of giving all employees who work on the 'ProductX' project a 10%
raise.
Q20: SELECT FNAME, LNAME, 1.1*SALARY FROM EMPLOYEE, WORKS_ON, PROJECT
WHERE SSN=ESSN
AND PNO=PNUMBER AND PNAME='ProductX’
ORDER BY
The ORDER BY clause is used to sort the tuples in a query result based on the values of some
attribute(s)
Query 21: Retrieve a list of employees and the projects each works in, ordered by the employee's
department, and within each department ordered alphabetically by employee last name.
Q21: SELECT DNAME, LNAME, FNAME, PNAME
FROM DEPARTMENT, EMPLOYEE, WORKS_ON, PROJECT WHERE DNUMBER=DNO
AND SSN=ESSN
AND PNO=PNUMBER ORDER BY DNAME, LNAME
The default order is in ascending order of values. We can specify the keyword DESC if we want a
descending order; the keyword ASC can be used to explicitly specify ascending order, even though it is
the default
Ex: ORDER BY DNAME DESC, LNAME ASC, FNAME ASC MORE EXAMPLE QUERIES:
Query 22: Retrieve the names of all employees who have two or more dependents.
Q22: SELECT LNAME, FNAME FROM EMPLOYEE
EWIT, Bangalore Page 13
Query 23: List the names of managers who have least one dependent.
There are three SQL commands to modify the database: INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE. INSERT
In its simplest form, it is used to add one or more tuples to a relation
Attribute values should be listed in the same order as the attributes were specified in the
CREATE TABLE command
Example:
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES ('Richard','K','Marini', '653298653', '30-DEC-52', '98 Oak
Forest,Katy,TX', 'M', 37000,'987654321', 4 )
An alternate form of INSERT specifies explicitly the attribute names that correspond to the values in
the new tuple. Attributes with NULL values can be left out
Example: Insert a tuple for a new EMPLOYEE for whom we only know the FNAME, LNAME, and
SSN attributes.
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (FNAME, LNAME, SSN)VALUES ('Richard', 'Marini', '653298653')
Important Note: Only the constraints specified in the DDL commands are automatically enforced by
the DBMS when updates are applied to the database. Another variation of INSERT allows insertion of
multiple tuples resulting from a query into a relation
Example: Suppose we want to create a temporary table that has the name, number of employees, and
total salaries for each department. A table DEPTS_INFO is created first, and is loaded with the
summary information retrieved from the database by the query.
CREATE TABLE DEPTS_INFO (DEPT_NAME VARCHAR (10),
NO_OF_EMPS INTEGER, TOTAL_SAL INTEGER);
INSERT INTO DEPTS_INFO (DEPT_NAME, NO_OF_EMPS, TOTAL_SAL) SELECT DNAME,
COUNT (*), SUM (SALARY) FROM DEPARTMENT, EMPLOYEE WHERE DNUMBER=DNO
GROUP BY DNAME ;
Note: The DEPTS_INFO table may not be up-to-date if we change the tuples in either the
DEPARTMENT or the EMPLOYEE relations after issuing the above. We have to create a view (see
later) to keep such a table up to date.
DELETE
Removes tuples from a relation. Includes a WHERE-clause to select the tuples to be deleted
Referential integrity should be enforced
Tuples are deleted from only one table at a time (unless CASCADE is specified on a referential
integrity constraint)
A missing WHERE-clause specifies that all tuples in the relation are to be deleted; the table then
becomes an empty table
The number of tuples deleted depends on the number of tuples in the relation that satisfy the WHERE-
clause
Examples:
1: DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE LNAME='Brown’;
2: DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SSN='123456789’;
3: DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE DNO IN (SELECT DNUMBER FROM DEPARTMENT
WHERE DNAME='Research');
4: DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE;
UPDATE
Used to modify attribute values of one or more selected tuples
A WHERE-clause selects the tuples to be modified
An additional SET-clause specifies the attributes to be modified and their new values
Each command modifies tuples in the same relation
Referential integrity should be enforced
Example1: Change the location and controlling department number of project number 10 to 'Bellaire'
and 5, respectively.
UPDATE PROJECT
SET PLOCATION = 'Bellaire', DNUM = 5 WHERE PNUMBER=10; Example2:
Give all employees in the 'Research' department a 10% raise in salary.
UPDATE EMPLOYEE
SET SALARY = SALARY *1.1
WHERE DNO IN (SELECT DNUMBER FROM DEPARTMENT
WHERE DNAME='Research');
SQL TRIGGERS
Objective: to monitor a database and take initiate action when a condition occurs
Triggers are nothing but the procedures/functions that involve actions and fired/executed automatically
whenever an event occurs such as an insert, delete, or update operation or pressing a button or when
mouse button is clicked
VIEWS IN SQL
A view is a single virtual table that is derived from other tables. The other tables could be base tables or
previously defined view.
Allows for limited update operations Since the table may not physically be stored
Allows full query operations
A convenience for expressing certain operations
A view does not necessarily exist in physical form, which limits the possible update operations that can
be applied to views.
Program 1
Consider the following schema for a Library Database:
Solution:
Entity-Relationship Diagram
Schema Diagram
Table Creation
CREATE TABLE PUBLISHER
(NAME VARCHAR2 (20) PRIMARY KEY, PHONE INTEGER,
ADDRESS VARCHAR2 (20));
Table Descriptions
DESC PUBLISHER;
DESC BOOK;
DESC BOOK_AUTHORS;
DESC LIBRARY_BRANCH;
DESC BOOK_COPIES;
DESC CARD;
DESC BOOK_LENDING;
Insertion of Values to Tables
INSERT INTO CARD VALUES (100); INSERT INTO CARD VALUES (101); INSERT INTO
CARD VALUES (102); INSERT INTO CARD VALUES (103); INSERT INTO CARD VALUES
(104);
Queries:
Retrieve details of all books in the library – id, title, name of publisher, authors, number of copies
in each branch, etc.
Get the particulars of borrowers who have borrowed more than 3 books, but from Jan 2017 to
Jun 2017.
Partition the BOOK table based on year of publication. Demonstrate its working with a simple
query.
Create a view of all books and its number of copies that are currently available in the Library.
Solution:
Entity-Relationship Diagram
Schema Diagram
Table Creation
DESC SALESMAN;
DESC CUSTOMER1;
DESC ORDERS;
Queries:
Count the customers with grades above Bangalore’s average. SELECT GRADE, COUNT
(DISTINCT CUSTOMER_ID) FROM CUSTOMER1
GROUP BY GRADE
HAVING GRADE > (SELECT AVG(GRADE) FROM CUSTOMER1
WHERE CITY='BANGALORE');
Find the name and numbers of all salesmen who had more than one customer.
Create a view that finds the salesman who has the customer with the highest order of a day.
Demonstrate the DELETE operation by removing salesman with id 1000. All his orders must also
be deleted.
Use ON DELETE CASCADE at the end of foreign key definitions while creating child table orders
and then execute the following:
Use ON DELETE SET NULL at the end of foreign key definitions while creating child table customers
and then executes the following:
DELETE FROM SALESMAN WHERE SALESMAN_ID=1000;
Program 3
Consider the schema for Movie Database:
Solution:
Entity-Relationship Diagram
Schema Diagram
Table Creation
DESC ACTOR;
DESC DIRECTOR;
DESC MOVIES;
DESC MOVIE_CAST;
DESC RATING;
INSERT INTO MOVIES VALUES (1001,’BAHUBALI-2’, 2017, ‘TELAGU’, 60); INSERT INTO
MOVIES VALUES (1002,’BAHUBALI-1’, 2015, ‘TELAGU’, 60); INSERT INTO MOVIES
VALUES (1003,’AKASH’, 2008, ‘KANNADA’, 61); INSERT INTO MOVIES VALUES
(1004,’WAR HORSE’, 2011, ‘ENGLISH’, 63);
INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST VALUES (301, 1002, ‘HEROINE’); INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST
VALUES (301, 1001, ‘HEROINE’); INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST VALUES (303, 1003, ‘HERO’);
INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST VALUES (303, 1002, ‘GUEST’); INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST
VALUES (304, 1004, ‘HERO’);
Queries:
Find the movie names where one or more actors acted in two or more movies.
SELECT MOV_TITLE
FROM MOVIES M, MOVIE_CAST MV
WHERE M.MOV_ID=MV.MOV_ID AND ACT_ID IN (SELECT ACT_ID FROM
MOVIE_CAST GROUP BY ACT_ID HAVING COUNT (ACT_ID)>1)
GROUP BY MOV_TITLE HAVING COUNT (*)>1;
List all actors who acted in a movie before 2000 and also in a movie after 2015 (use JOIN
operation).
Find the title of movies and number of stars for each movie that has at least one rating and find
the highest number of stars that movie received. Sort the result by movie title.
Program 4
STUDENT (USN, SName, Address, Phone, Gender) SEMSEC (SSID, Sem, Sec)
CLASS (USN, SSID)
SUBJECT (Subcode, Title, Sem, Credits)
IAMARKS (USN, Subcode, SSID, Test1, Test2, Test3, FinalIA) Write SQL queries to
List all the student details studying in fourth semester ‘C’ section.
Compute the total number of male and female students in each semester and in each section.
Create a view of Test1 marks of student USN ‘1BI15CS101’ in all subjects.
Calculate the FinalIA (average of best two test marks) and update the corresponding table for all
students.
Categorize students based on the following criterion: If FinalIA = 17 to 20 then CAT =
‘Outstanding’
If FinalIA = 12 to 16 then CAT = ‘Average’ If FinalIA< 12 then CAT = ‘Weak’
Give these details only for 8th semester A, B, and C section students.
Solution:
Table Creation
Table Descriptions
DESC STUDENT;
DESC SEMSEC;
DESC CLASS;
DESC SUBJECT;
DESC IAMARKS;
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE8A', 8,'A'); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE8B',
8,'B'); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE8C’, 8,’C’);
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE7A', 7,’A’); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE7B’,
7,'B’); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE7C', 7,'C');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE6A', 6,'A'); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE6B’,
6,’B’); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE6C’, 6,’C’);
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE5A’, 5,'A’); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE5B',
5,'B'); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE5C', 5,'C');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE4A’, 4,’A’); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE4B',
4,’B’); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE4C’, 4,'C’);
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE3A', 3,'A'); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE3B',
3,'B'); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE3C’, 3,’C’);
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE2A', 2,’A’); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE2B’,
2,'B’); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE2C', 2,'C'); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES
(‘CSE1A', 1,'A');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES (‘CSE1B’, 1,’B’); INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE1C',
1,’C’);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS81','ACA', 8, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES
('10CS82','SSM', 8, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS83','NM', 8, 4); INSERT INTO
SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS84','CC', 8, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS85','PW', 8, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS71','OOAD', 7, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES
('10CS72','ECS', 7, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS73','PTW', 7, 4); INSERT INTO
SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS74','DWDM', 7, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES
(‘10CS75','JAVA', 7, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS76','SAN', 7, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS51', 'ME', 5, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES
('15CS52','CN', 5, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS53','DBMS', 5, 4); INSERT INTO
SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS54','ATC', 5, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS55','JAVA', 5,
3); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS56','AI', 5, 3);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS41','M4', 4, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES
('15CS42','SE', 4, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS43','DAA', 4, 4); INSERT INTO
SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS44','MPMC', 4, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS45','OOC',
4, 3); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS46','DC', 4, 3);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS31','M3', 3, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES
('15CS32','ADE', 3, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS33','DSA', 3, 4); INSERT INTO
SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS34','CO', 3, 4); INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS35','USP', 3, 3);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS36','DMS', 3, 3);
INSERT INTO IAMARKS (USN, SUBCODE, SSID, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3) VALUES
('1RN13CS091','10CS81','CSE8C', 15, 16, 18);
INSERT INTO IAMARKS (USN, SUBCODE, SSID, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3) VALUES
('1RN13CS091','10CS82','CSE8C', 12, 19, 14);
INSERT INTO IAMARKS (USN, SUBCODE, SSID, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3) VALUES
('1RN13CS091','10CS83','CSE8C', 19, 15, 20);
INSERT INTO IAMARKS (USN, SUBCODE, SSID, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3) VALUES
('1RN13CS091','10CS84','CSE8C', 20, 16, 19);
INSERT INTO IAMARKS (USN, SUBCODE, SSID, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3) VALUES
('1RN13CS091','10CS85','CSE8C', 15, 15, 12);
List all the student details studying in fourth semester ‘C’ section.
SELECT S.*, SS.SEM, SS.SEC
FROM STUDENT S, SEMSEC SS, CLASS C WHERE S.USN = C.USN AND
SS.SSID = C.SSID AND SS.SEM = 4 AND
SS.SEc=’C’;
Compute the total number of male and female students in each semester and in each section.
C_A NUMBER; C_B NUMBER; C_C NUMBER; C_SM NUMBER; C_AV NUMBER;
BEGIN
OPEN C_IAMARKS; LOOP
FETCH C_IAMARKS INTO C_A, C_B, C_C; EXIT WHEN C_IAMARKS%NOTFOUND;
--DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(C_A || ' ' || C_B || ' ' || C_C); IF (C_A != C_B) THEN
C_SM:=C_A+C_B; ELSE
C_SM:=C_A+C_C; END IF;
C_AV:=C_SM/2;
--DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('SUM = '||C_SM);
--DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('AVERAGE = '||C_AV);
UPDATE IAMARKS SET FINALIA=C_AV WHERE CURRENT OF C_IAMARKS;
END LOOP;
CLOSE C_IAMARKS; END;
/
Note: Before execution of PL/SQL procedure, IAMARKS table contents are:
Below SQL code is to invoke the PL/SQL stored procedure from the command line:
BEGIN AVGMARKS; END;
Categorize students based on the following criterion:
If FinalIA = 17 to 20 then CAT = ‘Outstanding’ If FinalIA = 12 to 16 then CAT = ‘Average’
If FinalIA< 12 then CAT = ‘Weak’
Give these details only for 8th semester A, B, and C section students.
SELECT S.USN,S.SNAME,S.ADDRESS,S.PHONE,S.GENDER, (CASE
WHEN IA.FINALIA BETWEEN 17 AND 20 THEN 'OUTSTANDING' WHEN IA.FINALIA
BETWEEN 12 AND 16 THEN 'AVERAGE' ELSE 'WEAK'
END) AS CAT
FROM STUDENT S, SEMSEC SS, IAMARKS IA, SUBJECT SUB WHERE S.USN = IA.USN AND
SS.SSID = IA.SSID AND SUB.SUBCODE = IA.SUBCODE AND SUB.SEM = 8;
Program 5
EMPLOYEE (SSN, Name, Address, Sex, Salary, SuperSSN, DNo) DEPARTMENT (DNo, DName,
MgrSSN, MgrStartDate) DLOCATION (DNo,DLoc)
PROJECT (PNo, PName, PLocation, DNo) WORKS_ON (SSN, PNo, Hours)
Write SQL queries to
Make a list of all project numbers for projects that involve an employee whose last name is
‘Scott’, either as a worker or as a manager of the department that controls the project.
Show the resulting salaries if every employee working on the ‘IoT’ project is given a 10 percent
raise.
Find the sum of the salaries of all employees of the ‘Accounts’ department, as well as the
maximum salary, the minimum salary, and the average salary in this department
Retrieve the name of each employee who works on all the projects controlled by department
number 5 (use NOT EXISTS operator). For each department that has more than five employees,
retrieve the department number and the number of its employees who are making more than Rs.
6,00,000.
Entity-Relationship Diagram
Schema Diagram
Table Creation
NOTE: Once DEPARTMENT and EMPLOYEE tables are created we must alter department table to
add foreign constraint MGRSSN using sql command
CREATE TABLE PROJECT (PNO INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, PNAME VARCHAR2 (20),
PLOCATION VARCHAR2 (20),
DNO REFERENCES DEPARTMENT (DNO));
Table Descriptions
DESC EMPLOYEE;
DESC DEPARTMENT;
DESC DLOCATION;
DESC PROJECT;
DESC WORKS_ON;
Insertion of values to tables
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘RNSECE01’,’JOHN’,’SCOTT’,’BANGALORE’,’M’, 450000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘RNSCSE01’,’JAMES’,’SMITH’,’BANGALORE’,’M’, 500000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘RNSCSE02’,’HEARN’,’BAKER’,’BANGALORE’,’M’, 700000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘RNSCSE03’,’EDWARD’,’SCOTT’,’MYSORE’,’M’, 500000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘RNSCSE04’,’PAVAN’,’HEGDE’,’MANGALORE’,’M’, 650000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘RNSCSE05’,’GIRISH’,’MALYA’,’MYSORE’,’M’, 450000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘RNSCSE06’,’NEHA’,’SN’,’BANGALORE’,’F’, 800000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘RNSACC01’,’AHANA’,’K’,’MANGALORE’,’F’, 350000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘RNSACC02’,’SANTHOSH’,’KUMAR’,’MANGALORE’,’M’, 300000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘RNSISE01’,’VEENA’,’M’,’MYSORE’,’M’, 600000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
(‘EWIT01’,’NAGESH’,’HR’,’BANGALORE’,’M’, 500000);
Note: update entries of employee table to fill missing fields SUPERSSN and DNO
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (4, ‘RNSCSE01’, 100); INSERT INTO WORKS_ON
VALUES (6, ‘RNSCSE01’, 101); INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (8, ‘RNSCSE01’, 102);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (10, ‘RNSCSE02’, 100); INSERT INTO WORKS_ON
VALUES (3, ‘RNSCSE04’, 100); INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (4, ‘RNSCSE05’, 101);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (5, ‘RNSCSE06’, 102); INSERT INTO WORKS_ON
VALUES (6, ‘RNSCSE03’, 102); INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (7, ‘RNSECE01’, 103);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (5, ‘RNSACC01’, 104); INSERT INTO WORKS_ON
VALUES (6, ‘RNSACC02’, 105); INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (4, ‘RNSISE01’, 106);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (10, ‘EWIT01’, 107);
Make a list of all project numbers for projects that involve an employee whose last name is
‘Scott’, either as a worker or as a manager of the department that controls the project.
Show the resulting salaries if every employee working on the ‘IoT’ project is given a 10 percent
raise.
Find the sum of the salaries of all employees of the ‘Accounts’ department, as well as the
maximum salary, the minimum salary, and the average salary in this department
For each department that has more than five employees, retrieve the department number and the
number of its employees who are making more than Rs. 6, 00,000.