Watertight Doors: Awareness
Watertight Doors: Awareness
Watertight Doors: Awareness
Awareness
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Content
Watertight sliding doors
1. Introduction and
lessons learned
3. Summary and
recommendations
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Safety onboard
In the 21st century
Source: www.cruisemapper.com
Safety onboard
Decline in total losses worldwide – 2006 to 2015
Large shipping losses have declined by 45% Foundered (sunk or submerged) is the main cause of loss
over the past decade, driven by an accounting for half (50%) of all losses over the past decade.
increasingly robust safety environment and Grounding is the second major cause (20%)
self regulation. Fire is the third major cause (10%)
Collision is the fourth major cause (7.3%)
Source: Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty, Safety and Shipping Review 2015
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Watertight doors are important in case of foundering,
grounding, collision and contact damages.
Awareness topic
Power operated watertight sliding doors
- Increase the integrity of the watertight doors as a barrier in case of internal flooding or
water ingress after damage.
- Create a better understanding of how the watertight doors are designed, and should be
operated and maintained during normal and emergency conditions.
- Promote situational awareness of officers and crew members passing through these doors.
- Prevent accidents and injuries from happening.
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Watertight sliding doors
Awareness target and relevance
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The ship's volume should be divided by watertight bulkheads
to avoid the spread of water and loss of stability.
Lessons learned
From major accidents
Fire onboard
in case of watertight doors left open smoke and fire might spread
through the vessel causing injury to both people and vessel
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Failure of the watertight barrier
Flooding through an open watertight door
Watertight bulkheads
• may limit the commercial use of spaces on
board
• make it difficult for the crew to move around
between the spaces
Therefore, watertight doors are fitted in the
watertight bulkheads.
In certain conditions, some watertight doors
can remain open or be opened for limited
periods of time while at sea.
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Poor operating and maintenance procedures and
training schemes may lead to misjudgements!
Large passenger ships
Number of watertight doors
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Watertight doors
Latest trends
“Some 20 years ago, the International Safety Management Code, adopted by IMO, represented a step-change in the
establishment of a safety culture in shipping. The time has now come to generate another step-change. This will not be
achieved through legislative measures alone. We must generate a new impetus in shipping to go beyond compliance with
regulations and explore industry-wide mechanisms to ensure the safety culture is embedded throughout the entire
industry,” IMO Secretary-General Koji Sekimizu.
Focus area
• Port State Control have found watertight doors with missing portions of gaskets, `hydraulic oil
leaking, inoperable audible alarm and the means of doors closed indication at all remote
operating positions found to be in a fault condition.
• Recent Shelf State inspections of offshore units, have observed several instances where
designated watertight doors – which are to be closed at sea - have been routinely left open.
Technical, operational
and maintenance issues
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Part 2
Technical, operational and maintenance issues
2. Watertight integrity
- Requirements for internal openings
3. Bridge control
- “Local Control” and “Doors Closed”
mode
RoRo and
RoPax ferries
Local operation handle
and instruction for use.
Hydraulic cylinder for
closing
Emergency operation
handle and pump
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Power operated watertight sliding doors
Typical location
Container ships
• Fore and aft passageways under
deck and in engine room
bulkheads leading to pipe- and
shaft-tunnels.
Source: www.telegraph.co.uk
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Power operated watertight sliding doors
Sliding on wheels and rails
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Power operated watertight sliding doors
Movement and closing power
close-open-close close-open-close
• The doors have individual control handles on each side of the door.
• The Opening and Closing of the door shall be in the direction of the
door movement and shall be clearly marked on the control handles.
• The closing time shall be between 20-40s.
• The control handles are located at least 1.6m above the floor on
passenger ships.
1.6 m
Closing time
20-40 sec.
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Power operated watertight sliding doors
Instructions for use - Local control, remote control and emergency operation
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If the door moves, you do not!
Power operated watertight sliding doors
Typical location onboard
Engine room
bulkhead door
A wide door may close
with a higher speed than
a narrow door.
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Power operated watertight sliding doors
Investigations after personnel injuries
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Watertight integrity
Requirements for internal openings in the watertight bulkheads
Cargo ships
Doors which are used while at sea must be:
• capable of being remotely closed from the bridge
• indicators are to be provided at the control position
showing whether the doors are open or closed
• an audible alarm is to be sounding when doors are closing.
SOLAS Ch. II-1, Part B-2 Reg. 13.1.3
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Source: www.oilandgasinvestor.com
Watertight integrity
Bridge control
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Bridge central operating console
Modern offshore supply vessel
Local control
• Will allow any door to be locally
opened and closed.
• Doors will stop moving when the
local operating lever is released
locally at the door.
• To be used during normal
operations.
Doors closed
• Will close all open doors, after
a 5-10 second delay with
audible alarm sounding and in
some cases warning light DOORS CLOSED
flashing. Shall only to be used
• Doors may still be opened but
in an emergency
will close automatically if the
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operating lever is released or for testing purposes
locally at the door.
Bridge central operating console
RoPax ferry from 1981
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Operational issues
Example of incorrect priorities concerning the safety of the ship
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How to close the door locally in case of water ingress
or escape in case of emergency?
Operational issues
Example of issue concerning the safety of the ship
General rule:
Keep the doors closed while at sea!
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Operational issues
Emergency preparedness
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Maintenance issues
Power operated watertight sliding doors
Work orders:
Recent inspections have revealed that
planned maintenance work orders only
46 referred to makers instructions, with no
specific instructions at all.
Maintenance issues
Important items to be checked
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Maintenance issues
Service by the manufacturers
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Summary and
recommendations
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Main learning points
Crew preparedness
• Ask for onboard training on the function and operation of a watertight door.
• Keep doors closed while at sea.
• Open the door fully before passing through.
• Beware when the master mode switch has been set to “doors closed”
mode.
• Participate in the regular drills.
• Keep situational awareness when passing through these doors.
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Main learning points
Management contribution
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Main learning points
Industry contribution
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For further guidance…
Publications of relevance
IMO
Guide on watertight doors on passenger
ships which may be opened during
navigation - MSC.1/Circ.1380 guidelines
Draft amendments to SOLAS regulation II
1/22 and draft MSC Circular on guidance
on watertight doors on passenger ships
which may be opened during navigation
- SDC, 2nd session, 16-20 February 2015
EMSA
Study assessing the acceptable and practicable risk level of passenger ships related to
damage stability, undertaken by DNVGL - www.emsa.europa.eu/damage-stability-study
This presentation has been made in collaboration with DNV-GL. The presentation is not
meant to constitute an operational tool. It is intended purely as awareness material
and guidance to be used at user’s own risk, and no warranties or representations are
given nor are any duty of care or responsibility accepted by Gard or DNV-GL for any
consequences whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with or
reliance on any guidance or advice contained in the presentation even if caused by
a failure to exercise reasonable care on the part of any of the aforementioned parties.
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Thank you for
your attention!