Tutorial Chapter 5

TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 5 (PHASE EQUILIBRIUM)
Section A
1. The phase diagram of a substance is shown below:

What is the physical state of the substance as represented by the point A in the above
diagram?

A. Liquid
B. Ice
C. Solid
D. Gas
2. How many phases are there in the system of N2 gas, C02 gas, 02 gas and water vapour
mixture?

A. 1
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
3. Which statement is true regarding a negative deviation solution?

A. The intermolecular forces between molecules in the solution are stronger thanthose in pure
liquids.
B. The intermolecular forces between molecules in the solution are weaker than those in pure
liquids.
C. The boiling point of solution is less than the boiling point of pure liquid.
D. The vapour pressure of solution is higher than the vapour pressure of pure liquid.

4. Which of the following mixtures of liquid is expected to obey Raoult’s Law?

A. ethanol and water
B. ethanol and propanone
C. benzene and ethylbenzene
D. hydrochloric acid and water

5. A mixture of ethanol and water showed a positive deviation from Raoult's law in which its
azeotropic mixture consists of 95.6% of ethanol and 4.4% water. When a mixture containing
20% ethanol and 80% water is subjected to fractional distillation, the first distillate obtained
would contain

A. azeotropic mixture.
B. pure ethanol.
C. pure water.
D. 20% ethanol and 80% water.

6. Generally, freezing point depression was a common method for determining
A. vapour pressure.
B. molar mass.
C. osmotic pressure.
D. properties of mixture.

7. Concerning azeotropes, which of the following is not a correct statement?

A. A solution that boils at a constant temperature and produces vapour of the same
composition as the liquid.
B. They have boiling points that in some cases are greater than the boiling points of
the pure components.
C. They have boiling points that in some cases are lower than the boiling points of the
pure components.
D. The vapour pressure of a solution depends on the vapour pressures of its pure
components.

8. According to Raoult's law, which statement is false

A. The vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution decreases as its mole fraction
increases
B. The solubility of a gas increases as the temperature decreases.
C. The vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution is less than that of pure solvent.
D. The greater the pressure of a gas over a solution the greater its solubility

9. Consider a solution made from a nonvolatile solute and a volatile solvent. Which
statement is true?

A. The vapor pressure of the solution is always greater than the vapor pressure of the
pure solvent.
B. The boiling point of the solution is always greater than the boiling point of the pure
solvent.
C. The freezing point of the solution is always greater than the freezing point of the
pure solvent.

10. A solution is 40.0% by volume benzene (C6H6) in carbon tetrachloride at 20°C. The
vapour pressure of pure benzene at this temperature is 74.61 mmHg and its density is
0.87865 g/cm3; the vapor pressure of pure carbon tetrachloride is 91.32 mmHg and its
density is 1.5940 g/cm3. If this solution is ideal, its total vapor pressure at 20°C is

A. 84.64 mmHg
B. 84.30 mmHg
C. 82.96 mmHg
D. 81.63 mmHg

11. What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 10.0 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in
100.g of H2O? Kf for water is 1.86°C/m.
A. –0.186°C
B. +0.186°C
C. –0.10°C
D. –1.03°C

Section B

Question 1

a) i) Define the Raoult's Law for an ideal solution.
ii) Give two examples of a mixture of two solutions that obey Raoult's Law.

b) Urea, (NH2CONH2), (molar mass = 60 g mol-‐1) is the end product of protein metabolism
in animals. Suppose a solution is made by dissolving 17.5 g of urea, in 86 g of water.
Calculate

i) the boiling point of the solution (Kb for water = 0.512 °C m-‐1)
ii) the freezing point of the solution (Kf for water = 1.86 °C m-‐1)

c) Vapour pressure of ethyl acetate (88.0 g/mol) and ethyl propionate (102 g/mol) are
73.8 mm Hg and 23.7 mm Hg, respectively. Calculate the vapour composition of ethyl
acetate in equilibrium with solution when 25.0 g ethyl acetate and 50.0 g ethyl
propionate are mixed to form an ideal solution.

Question 2

a) Cadmium and bismuth form a eutectic mixture at 144°C with the eutectic composition
of 40% Cd and 60% Bi. The melting point of Cd and Bi are 320°C and 270°C
respectively. Sketch a eutectic diagram for the mixture Cd and Bi and label the axes,
the melting temperatures, the eutectic point and also all the phases present.

Question 3

a) The vapour pressure of pure benzene (C6H6) and toluene (C7H8) at 25°C are 95.1 mm
Hg and 28.4 mm Hg, respectively. A solution is prepared with a mole fraction of
toluene of 0.750. Determine the total vapour pressure for the solution, in mm Hg.

b) Some ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, was added to cooling system along with 5.0 kg
water.
i) If the freezing point of the solution is -‐15.0°C, what mass (in grams) of the glycol
must have been added?
ii) What is the boiling point of the coolant mixture? [Kf = 1.86°C kg mol-‐1 ,Kb = 0.52°C
kg mol-‐1]

Question 4

a) Pure ethanol (boiling point = 78.5°C) and pure water (boiling point = 100°C) form an
azeotropic mixture with a composition of 95.6% by mass of ethanol and a boiling point
of 78.2°C.
i) Sketch a boiling point-‐composition graph for an ethanol/water system.
ii) State what happens when a mixture containing 95.6% ethanol by mass is distilled
fractionally.

Question 5

a) Define
i) Azeotropic mixture
ii) Eutectic mixture

b) Pure tin (melting point = 232°C) and lead (melting point = 327°C) form an eutectic
mixture with a composition of 62% Sn-‐38% Pb by mass and an eutectic point of 183°C.
i) Sketch the phase diagram of Sn/Pb mixture.
ii) Explain what happens if the Sn/Pb mixture is cooled with 10% Sn-‐90% Pb
composition
iii) Calculate the mass of lead precipitate if 10% Sn-‐90% Pb composition is cooled
down.

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TUTORIAL

CHAPTER 5 (PHASE EQUILIBRIUM)

1. The phase diagram of a substance is shown below:

3. Which statement is true regarding a negative deviation solution?

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