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    Integrated Coastal Planning FOR Tsunami Disaster Mitigation

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    Divakaran
    The document discusses the need for integrated coastal planning and management to mitigate tsunami disasters. It notes that over 60% of the world's population lives near coasts, including many megacities, and that coastal areas in Asia are particularly vulnerable due to unsustainable development patterns and lack of regulations. The document advocates for a holistic, long-term approach that considers environmental, social, economic, and governance factors through public participation and capacity building. Key elements include coastal mapping, development controls, disaster mitigation measures, and coordination across agencies and jurisdictions.

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    Integrated Coastal Planning FOR Tsunami Disaster Mitigation

    Uploaded by

    Divakaran
    27 views25 pages
    The document discusses the need for integrated coastal planning and management to mitigate tsunami disasters. It notes that over 60% of the world's population lives near coasts, including many megacities, and that coastal areas in Asia are particularly vulnerable due to unsustainable development patterns and lack of regulations. The document advocates for a holistic, long-term approach that considers environmental, social, economic, and governance factors through public participation and capacity building. Key elements include coastal mapping, development controls, disaster mitigation measures, and coordination across agencies and jurisdictions.

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    The document discusses the need for integrated coastal planning and management to mitigate tsunami disasters. It notes that over 60% of the world's population lives near coasts, including many megacities, and that coastal areas in Asia are particularly vulnerable due to unsustainable development patterns and lack of regulations. The document advocates for a holistic, long-term approach that considers environmental, social, economic, and governance factors through public participation and capacity building. Key elements include coastal mapping, development controls, disaster mitigation measures, and coordination across agencies and jurisdictions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views25 pages

    Integrated Coastal Planning FOR Tsunami Disaster Mitigation

    Uploaded by

    Divakaran
    The document discusses the need for integrated coastal planning and management to mitigate tsunami disasters. It notes that over 60% of the world's population lives near coasts, including many megacities, and that coastal areas in Asia are particularly vulnerable due to unsustainable development patterns and lack of regulations. The document advocates for a holistic, long-term approach that considers environmental, social, economic, and governance factors through public participation and capacity building. Key elements include coastal mapping, development controls, disaster mitigation measures, and coordination across agencies and jurisdictions.

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    of 25

    INTEGRATED COASTAL PLANNING

    FOR
    TSUNAMI DISASTER MITIGATION
    By
    Prof. Santosh Ghosh
    President
    Centre for Built Environment
    Kolkata, India

    Scientific Forum on Tsunami, its Impact and Recovery


    Asian Institute of Technology
    Pathumthani, Thailand
    6-7 June, 2005
    INTRODUCTION
    About 60 percent of the world’s population live near the coast.
    According to the United Nations about one third of urbanised area is
    on or near coast. Some megacities are also located. Over the
    centuries, port and industrial activities, resort areas, hotels and
    convention centres have been built and human habitations have
    growth.

    Asia has a long coastline. Unsustainable pattern of development is


    vulnerable to disaster - floods, typhoon, earthquake etc. had damaged
    biodiversity, marine life, and pollution from industry, resort towns and
    oils pill from ships is quite common.

    There is no limit to two things - the universe and man’s


    foolishness
    Albert Einstein
    People have violated regulations. Real estate
    developers have come closer to the ocean. Preventive
    measures as well as disaster mitigation programmes
    are absent and governance is poor in most of the
    coastal areas in Asia with lack of trained personal,
    absence of equipment or warning system.

    According to experts Tsunami arising from deep sea


    can attain speed of 1000 km per hour but as it reaches
    shoaling water velocity of waves diminishes but wave
    height increases, & (UN, 1977)
    Location of volcanoes and
    Earthquakes

    Alteration of
    Shoreline

    Under
    ocean
    In recent Tsunami in Indian ocean despite high speed, height and
    magnitude, there was time for warning and evacuation at some
    places. Life and property could have been saved if coastal
    regulations were followed and mitigation measures were adopted.
    ACEH, Indonesia Before and After Tsunami
    Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India after this Tsunami
    The Tsunami of December 26, 2004
    One can look into the cause and effect from German Geological
    Survey and also from Satellite images, of Geological Survey of
    India and U.S. Geological Survey.
    Adhoc Measures
    Some adhoc measures have been suggested :
    * Developing safe zone, building & Townplanning
    * Early warning system
    * Building walls, hills walls and safety structure
    * Drainage System
    * Developing a culture of prevention
    * Education and training
    * Infrastructure development with equipment
    * Strengthening local governments etc.
    Integrated Holistic Planning
    But an integrated coastal planning and management with long
    range vision is necessary.

    UN Agenda 21 emphasized integrated coastal planing and


    management :
    “A dynamic process is which a a coordinated strategy is developed
    and implemented for the allocation of environmental, socio-cultural
    and institutional resources to achieve the conservation and
    sustainable multiple use of the coastal zone”

    J, Soreno et al
    Oceans and Coastal Management, 1993
    Integrated coastal planning and management (ICPM)
    Often Called Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
    has five functions (Cicin-Sain 1993)

    (1) Area based planning


    (2) Conflict resolution and mitigation
    (3) Stewardship of ecosystem
    (4) Protection of public and reduction of vulnerability
    (5) Achievement of balance between environment
    protection, economic development and cultural values.
    Lack of coordination, absence of proper personnel, absence of control
    measures, lack of financial source, conflicting jurisdiction of various
    Govt. Departments, limited participation's etc. are obstacles. The holistic
    plan is to include :
    a) A study of parameters, data collection, mapping
    b) Method of preparation of regional environmental plan
    c) Development control regulations
    d) Study of preservation of natural resources, flora and fauna
    e) Mechanism of pollution control
    f) Methods of disaster mitigation
    g) Socio economic development incentives
    h) Structure of administration and governance
    i) Techniques of environment monitoring and auditing
    j) Capacity building, education and training
    k) Participatory development process.
    5. GUIDE LINES
    The World Bank guidelines stress interagenery coordination,
    formulation plan for Integrated Coastal Zone management and
    implementation with participatory process. Information and database
    are emphasized

    (1) Coastal Resource Base


    (2) Social organization in the coastal zone
    (3) Existing Environment & Resource Related programme
    (4) Institutional, legal and financial Capacity

    The World Bank, 1996


    UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) issued
    methodological guidelines for integrated coastal zone management.
    Problems are classified into three categories.

    (1) Problems generated by the direct effects of anthropogenic


    activities on the local environment.
    (2) Problems generated by the effects of natural phenomenon on
    human settlements.
    (3) Problems generated by the effect of biophysical component on
    the settlements and environments.

    There are certain criteria and parameters, physical, biological, human,


    environmental etc. UNESCO, IOC
    Typological
    composition of coastal
    environments

    Typology of human
    activities and uses
    of coastal
    environments
    PROBLEMS
    PROBLEMS
    PROBLEMS
    PARAMETERS
    PARAMETERS
    PARAMETERS
    TOWNPLANNING & DEVELOPMENT CONTROL

    There is legislation with rules and regulation in many countries but


    hardly implemented. India introduced Coastal Regulation zone (CRZ) in
    1999 as part of Environment Protection Act., 1986. Tidal action towards
    land upto 500 m from high tide line (HTC) area land between HTL and
    low tide line (LTL) was part under strict control.

    Regulated Zone was divided into four Categories


    1. Sensitive area between high and low tide lines
    2. Areas already developed
    3. Undeveloped areas
    4. Special area, islands etc.
    PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

    Besides capacity building, education, training and public


    participation is essential. Various models have been developed.
    Participation calls for sharing information, consultation,
    collaboration etc. NGO, Media (both print and electronic) and
    others have great role.
    IT MAY HAPPEN AGAIN
    LET’S MINIMIZE THE DISASTER
    AND
    SAVE LIFE AND PROPERTY

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