Cyclooxygenase Pathway
Cyclooxygenase Pathway
Cyclooxygenase Pathway
Diverse physical,
chemical, Glucocorticoids
Phospholipase A2
inflammatory, and
mitogenic stimuli
NSAIDS NSAIDS
Arachidonic Acid
Prostaglandin H Prostaglandin H
Synthase-1 Synthase-2
(cyclooxygenase 1) (cyclooxygenase 2)
IP TPα, TPβ DP1, DP2 EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4 FPα, FPβ
Endothelium, Kidney, Platelets, Vascular Mast Cells, Brain, Brain, Kidney, Vascular Uterus, Airways, Vascular
Platelets, Brain Smooth Muscle Cells, Airways, Lymphocytes, Smooth Muscle Cells, Smooth Muscle Cells,
Macrophages, Kidney Eosinophils Platelets Eyes
Prostacyclin Product Name
(Item No.)
Sensitivity
Limit of detection
Recommended
Sample Matrices
Incubation
Time
Prostacyclin (Prostaglandin I2; PGI2) is formed from arachidonic acid
primarily in the vascular endothelium and renal cortex by sequential 6-keto Prostaglandin 50% B/B0: 40 pg/ml Urine, culture media 18 hours at 4°C
activities of cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthase. PGI2 is F1α EIA Kit (515211) 80% B/B0: 6 pg/ml
nonenzymatically hydrated to 6-keto PGF1α (t½=2-3 minutes), and then
quickly converted to the major metabolite, 2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1α (t½=30
minutes). Prostacyclin was once thought to be a circulating hormone
that regulated platelet-vasculature interactions, but the rate of secretion
into circulation coupled with the short half-life indicate that prostacyclin
functions locally. Estimates of systemic PGI2 production have often been Prostacyclin Pathway Reagents
assessed by measurement of 6-keto PGF1α alone or in combination with
Synthase
2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1α. However, the majority of 6-keto PGF1α in urine is Antibodies/Probes Agonists Antagonists
Inhibitor
of renal origin with only 14% originating from plasma.
COOH
IP receptor (human) Prostaglandin I2 CAY10441 U-51605
Polyclonal Antibody (sodium salt) 10005186 16465
Arachidonic Acid
10005518 18220
Cyclooxygenase AFP 07 (free acid) 13626
IP receptor (mouse) CAY10449
Polyclonal Antibody Beraprost (sodium salt) 10005913
PGH2
O COOH
160070 18230
O
Iloprost
OH PGIS 18215, 10008585
Prostacyclin Synthase
Polyclonal Antibody
160640 NS-304
10010411
PGIS Carbaprostacyclin
COO- Na+
Monoclonal Antibody 18210, 18212
O
160630
Ciprostene (calcium salt)
PGI2 PGIS Monoclonal 18216
HO Antibody (Clone 3C8) Treprostinil
OH
10247 10162
non-enzymatic MRE-269
OH
PGIS (mouse) 10010412
COOH
6-keto PGF1α Polyclonal Antibody Piriprost 18228
O
100023
HO Taprostene
OH
10011348
β-oxidation
OH
COO- Na+
2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1α
O
HO
OH
Thromboxane A2
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is produced from arachidonic acid by many O COOH
bronchial smooth muscle contraction. TXA2, like most lipid mediators, PGH2 OH
both metabolites are formed equally, although 11-dehydro TXB2 has TXB2
a longer circulating half-life (t½= 45 minutes). Therefore, measurement TBX2 11-dehydrogenase β-oxidation
of 11-dehydro TXB2 in plasma or urine will give a time-integrated
indication of TXA2 production. The circulating half-life of 2,3-dinor TXB2
is shorter (t½ = 15 minutes). Therefore, measurement of 2,3-dinor TXB2 OH OH
O HO O
OH OH
Thromboxane B2 EIA Kit (501020) 50% B/B0: 60 pg/ml • 80% B/B0: 5 pg/ml 18 hours at room temperature
Thromboxane B2 Express EIA Kit - Monoclonal (10004023) 50% B/B0: 176 pg/ml • 80% B/B0: 45 pg/ml 2 hours at room temperature
11-dehydro Thromboxane B2 EIA Kit - Monoclonal (519510) 50% B/B0: 120 pg/ml • 80% B/B0: 34 pg/ml 2 hours at room temperature
Serum
X
TXB2 will primarily be found ex vivo TXB2 will primarily be found ex vivo
Urine Application dependent - a potion of urinary Application dependent - a potion of urinary
TXB2 may be of renal origin TXB2 may be of renal origin
Cell culture Caution: FBS contains high quantities of Caution: FBS contains high quantities of
TXB2 TXB2 X
In vitro COX-1 reactions
X
CSF Levels may be below the limit of detection
X X of this kit
Notes Most sensitive, overnight incubation 2 hr incubation ~4.5-fold less sensitive than Detects the 11-dehydro metabolite of TXB2
TXB2 EIA Kit
Prostaglandin D2 EIA Kit (512031) 50% B/B0: 240 pg/ml Overnight at 4°C
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is biosynthesized in 80% B/B0: 55 pg/ml
the brain by a soluble, 26 kDa glutathione- O COOH
fluid (CSF), where it induces physiologic 80% B/B0: 350 pg/ml temperature
sleep in rats and humans. PGD2 is also PGD Synthase
synthesized in mast cells and leukocytes Prostaglandin D2 FPIA Kit - Red (512051) 80% B/B0: 550 pg/ml 60-90 minutes at
by a cellular, myeloid-type, glutathione- OH room temperature
dependent PGD synthase. This PGD2, COOH
which is formed in intracellular and vascular Prostaglandin D2- MOX EIA Kit (512011) 50% B/B0: 15 pg/ml Overnight at 4°C
O
compartments, is rapidly metabolized to OH 80% B/B0: 3.1 pg/ml
11β-PGF2α. Thus, urinary measurements PGD2
of PGD2 synthesis are most appropriately Prostaglandin D2- MOX Express EIA Kit 50% B/B0: 75.2 pg/ml 1 hour at room
focused on the measurement of 11β-PGF2α.
Measurement of the parent eicosanoid
(500151) 80% B/B0: 16 pg/ml temperature
PGD2 is appropriate in the supernatants OH
DP Receptor Reagents
PGD2 Synthase
Antibodies Agonists Antagonists
Inhibitors
DP1 Receptor Polyclonal Antibody 101640 Prostaglandin D2 12010 AH 6809 14050 AT-56 13160
BW 245C 12050, MK 0524 10009835 HQL-79 10134
DP1 15(S)-15-methyl Prostaglandin D2 12730 BW A868C 12060
11-keto Fluprostenol 16783
15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin D2 12700
HO
O EP4 EP4 Receptor Prostaglandin E2 GW627368X
(N-Term) 14010 10009162
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 Polyclonal
Antiserum CAY10580 L-161, 982
101770 16835 10011565
Non-enzymatic degradation EP4 Receptor
(C-Term) L-902,688 AH 23848
Polyclonal 10007712 19023
O
Antibody
COOH
101775 CAY10598 MF498
13281 15973
EP4 Receptor
O (C-Term) Misoprostol CJ-42794
Polyclonal 13820 10010428
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGA2 PE Antibody
10479
KMN-80 ONO-AE3-208
15435 14522, 16108
Prostaglandin E Metabolite EIA Kit (514531) 50% B/B0: 11 pg/ml • 80% B/B0: 2 pg/ml 18 hours at room temperature
Prostaglandin E2 EIA Kit - Monoclonal (514010) 50% B/B0: 50 pg/ml • 80% B/B0: 15 pg/ml 18 hours at 4°C
Prostaglandin E2 Express EIA Kit (500141) 50% B/B0: 125 pg/ml • 80% B/B0: 36 pg/ml 60 minutes at room temperature
Prostaglandin E2 FPIA Kit - Green (500501) 80% B/B0: 150 pg/ml 60-90 minutes at room temperature
Prostaglandin E2 FPIA Kit - Red (10004517) 80% B/B0: 100 pg/ml 60-90 minutes at room temperature
HO
OH
Latanoprost EIA 50% B/B0: 58 pg/ml Aqueous humor, tears 2 hours
Kit (516811) (free acid) and at room
PGF2α 15-hydroxy PGDH 200 pg/ml (ester) temperature
80% B/B0: 15 pg/ml
15-oxoprostaglandin Δ13-reductase
(free acid) and
OH 43 pg/ml (ester)
COOH
Fluprosten EIA Kit 50% B/B0: 110 pg/ml Aqueous humor, tears Overnight at
(516761) 80% B/B0: 16 pg/ml 4°C
HO
O
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α
Isoprostanes
The isoprostanes are a family of eicosanoids formed by the random oxidation of tissue phospholipids by oxygen radicals. 8-Isoprostane has been proposed
as a marker of antioxidant deficiency and oxidative stress.
8-Isoprostane Express EIA Kit (516360) 50% B/B0: 50 pg/ml Culture media, homogenized tissues, lavage 2 hours at room temperature
80% B/B0: 10 pg/ml fluids & aspirates, plasma, urine
STAT-8-Isoprostane EIA Kit (500431) 50% B/B0: 180 pg/ml Culture media, homogenized tissues, lavage 1 hour at room temperature
80% B/B0: 45 pg/ml fluids & aspirates, plasma, urine
Summary: This assay was developed for screening applications in which the
relative amount of PG production for a large number of cell culture samples must 60 60
be determined. The antiserum used in this assay exhibits high cross reactivity for
%B/B0
%CV
most PGs which will allow quantification of all the PGs in a given sample with a
40 40
single assay.
Specificity:
Prostaglandin E1 100% 20 20
Prostaglandin E2 100%
Prostaglandin F1α 100%
0 0
Prostaglandin F2α 100% 10 100 1,000
Prostaglandin F3α 51.3% Prostaglandin (pg/ml)
For a full specificity profile, please go to www.caymanchem.com
Prostaglandin Standard curve Evaluate data cautiously
96 solid/strip wells Prostaglandin Intra-assay variation
480 solid/strip wells Prostaglandin Inter-assay variation Use data with confidence
A collection of Cayman’s extensive, highly purified Prostaglandin Screening Library I (96-well) 10501
prostaglandin compounds conveniently packaged in a This screening plate contains more than 70 “F-series” of prostaglandins and
isoprostanes in a 96-well Matrix tube rack format as 2 mM stocks in DMSO.
ready-to-use format
50 µL
100 µL
• Amenable to high throughput 200 µL