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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OFELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

ENGINEERING

SUBJECT : BE8254-BASIC ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

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SEM / YEAR : II / I
DEPARTMENT : B.E. - ECE

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UNIT-I AC CIRCUITS AND POWER SYSTEMS
Three phase power supply – Star connection – Delta connection – Balanced and Unbalanced Loads- Power
equation – Star Delta Conversion – Three Phase Power Measurement - Transmission & Distribution of

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electrical energy – Over head Vs Underground system – Protection of power system – types of tariff – power
factor improvement

PART-B
1.
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A symmetrical three phase three wire 440V supply to a star connected load. The
impedance in each branch are =2+j3Ω, =1-j2Ω and =3+j4Ω. Find its 2 Understand
equivalent delta connected load. (16)
2. A three phase balanced delta-connected load of 4+j8Ω is connected across a
400V, 3Ø balanced supply. Determine the phase currents and line currents 3 Apply
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(Phase sequence in RYB). (16)

3. A symmetrical three –phase,three wire 400 V supply is connected to a delta-
connected load.Impedances in each branch are ZRY=10∠ 300 Ω,ZYB= 10∠450Ω 3 Apply
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and ZBR=2.5∠60 Ω . Find its equivalent star-connected load. (16)
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4. (i). A three-phase four wire 120V ABC system feeds an unbalanced Y-

connected load with ZA=5∠00Ω ZB=10∠300 Ω and ZC=20∠600 5 Evaluate
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Ω.Obtain the four line currents. (8)

(ii) Three impedances Z1=(17.32+j10) ,Z2=(20+j34.64)and Z3=(0-j10) ohms
are delta connected to a 400V,three phase system. Determine the phase 5 Evaluate
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currents, line currents and total power consumed by the load. (8)
5. Explain three phase power measurement by 2 wattmeter method for star and
delta connected load and determine the power equation and draw the phasor 4 Analyze
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diagram. (16)
6. (i). Compare overhead and underground transmission lines. (8) 1 Remember
(ii). Explain about the conversion of star and delta conversion and write its
1 Remember
expressions for each conversion. (8)

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7. A delta connected balanced load is supplied from 3 phase 400V supply. The line
current is 20 A, total power taken by load is 10,000 Examine the impedance in 5 Evaluate
each branch, the line current, power factor and total power consumption. (16)
8. (i) A delta connected balanced load is supplied from 3 phase 400V supply.
The line current is 20 A, total power taken by load is 10,000 Examine the
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impedance in each branch, the line current, power factor and total power
consumption. (8)

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(ii) Unbalanced four wire star connected load has balanced supply voltage of
400V. The load impedances are ZR=(4+j8) Ω, ZY=(3+j4)Ω,
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ZB=(15++j10)Ω. Examine the line currents, neutral current and total
power. (8)

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9. Explain the measurement of power in 3 phase circuit using one wattmeter 4 Analyze
method. (16)

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10. What is tariff?. What are its objectives?.Discuss in detail about different types
2 Understand
of tariffs with its applications. (16)
11. Explain the measurement of power in 3 phase circuit using one wattmeter
1 Remember
method. (16)
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12. (i) What is the need for power factor improvement in electrical circuits? (4) 1 Remember

(ii) Give the comparison between static capacitors and synchoronous

1 Remember
condensers. (12)
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13. (i) Draw the single line diagram of an AC power system and also discuss in
4 Analyze
detail about Transmission and Distribution of electrical energy. (12)
(ii) Compare AC and DC transmissions. (4) 2 Understand
14. Discuss in detail about the essential features of protective devices and briefly
4 Analyze
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explain about protective devices used in power system. (16)

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UNIT-II TRANSFORMER
Introduction - Ideal Transformer – Accounting For Finite Permeability And Core Loss – Circuit Model of
Transformer – Per Unit System – Determination of Parameters of Circuit Model of Transformer – Voltage
Regulation – Name Plate Rating – Efficiency – Three Phase Transformers – Auto Transformers.

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PART-B
1. Describe the constructional details of different types of 1-phase transformer with
1 Remember
neat diagrams. (16)

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2. Draw a general schematic of a single phase transformer. Describe its working
2 Understand
principle and deduce the expression for emf in secondary winding. (16)
3. (i) Draw an ideal single phase transformer and explain the principle of
4 Analyze
operation, the concept of step up and step down transformer.(8)

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(ii) Derive the EMF equation of a single-phase transformer with respect to its
6 Create
primary and secondary windings.(8)
4. The following data were obtained on a 20 kVA, 50 Hz, 2000/200 V distribution
transformer:
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OC test with HV open-circuited : 200 V, 4 A and 120 W
2 Understand
SC test with LV short-circuited : 60 V, 10 A and 300 W
Estimate all the parameters of the equivalent circuit referred to the HV and LV
sides of the transformer.(16)
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5. Develop the equivalent circuit of a single phase transformer referred to primary and
2 Understand
secondary. (16)
6. Derive the equivalent circuit parameters and thereby find the regulation and
6 Create
efficiency of the transformer by performing OC test. (16)
7. Derive the equivalent circuit parameters and thereby find the regulation and
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efficiency of the transformer by performing SC tests. (16)
8. Draw and explain the phasor diagram for a single phase transformer supplying a 3 Apply
leading power factor load. (16)
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9. (i). A40 kVA,3300/240V,50Hz,1Ø transformer has 660 turns on the primary.

Determine
1) The number of turns on the secondary 3 Apply
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2) The Maximum value of flux in the core

3) The approximate value of primary and secondary full load current.(8)
(ii) Define the term voltage regulation of a transformer and derive the expression
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1 Remember
for voltage regulation. (8)

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10. The test results obtained on a 1 phase 20 KVA, 2200/220 Volts transformer are:
OC test : 220 V, 1.1 A, 125 W; 5 Evaluate
SC test : 52.7 V, 8.4 A, 287 W
The transformer is fully loaded. Find the load p.f. for zero voltage regulation. (16)
11. The voltage per turn of a single phase transformer is 1.1 volt, when the primary
winding is connected to a 220 volt, 50 Hz AC supply the secondary voltage is 5 Evaluate
found to be 550 volt. Identify the primary and secondary turns and core area if
maximum flux density is 1.1 Tesla. (16)
12. Describe the various three phase transformer connection and parallel operation of

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1 Remember
three phase transformer. (16)
13. What is meant by auto transformer? Explain the principle, construction, working of
4 Analyze
a auto transformer. (16)

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14. (i). Describe in detail about per unit system.(8) 1 Remember
(ii) Write short notes on name plate rating and provide the details given in name
1 Remember
plate.(8)

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UNIT-III DC MACHINES

Introduction – Constructional Features– Motoring and generation principle - Emf And Torque equation
– Circuit Model – Methods of Excitation and magnetisation characteristics – Starting and Speed Control
– Universal Motor

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PART-B

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1. (i) Draw and explain the construction and principle of operation of a DC 5 Evaluate
generator.(10)

(ii)Explain the armature reaction in a DC generator on no load and on load 2 Understand

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conditions. Also briefly explain the methods to overcome the adverse effects of
the armature reaction.(6)
2. (i)Draw and describe the different types of D.C. generators with its winding 1 Remember
diagram. (10)
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(ii)The armature of a 4-pole wave wound D.C. shunt generator has 144 slots and 2 Understand
3 conductors per slot. If the armature in rotated with a speed of 1200 rpm in a
field of 0.025 weber per pole, Estimate the emf generated.(6)

3. (i) Discuss in detail about armature reaction.(4) 2 Understand

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(ii) Derive the emf equation of DC generator.(8) 6 Create

(iii) Sketch the characteristics of a DC shunt generator.(4) 3 Apply

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4. (i) Draw and explain the no-load and load characteristics of DC shunt, series 4 Analyze
and compound generators.(10)

(ii) A 25 kW, 250 V, DC shunt generator has armature and field resistance of 5 Evaluate
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0.06Ω and 100Ω respectively. Determine the total armature power developed
when working 1) as a generator delivering 25 kW output and 2) as a motor
taking 25 kW input. (6)
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5. (i) Describe with neat sketch the construction of DC machines.(8) 1 Remember

(ii) A 250 kW, 500 V, long shunt compound generator develops 480 V on no- 3 Apply
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load when running at 1000 rpm. The speed of the machine falls to 975 rpm on
full load and the terminal voltage rises to 500 V. If the increase in flux from no-
load to full load is 15%, calculate the value of the armature resistance. The
series and shunt field resistances are 0.02 Ω and 100 Ω respectively. Assume a
voltage drop of 1 V per brush. (8)
6. A shunt generator delivers 50 kW at 250 V and 400 r.p.m. The armature and 1 Remember
field resistances are 0.2 and 50 ohms respectively. Find the speed of the

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machine running as a shunt motor and taking 50 kW input at 250 V. (16)
7. (i) Explain with a neat sketch the principle of operation of a dc motor. (8) 4 Analyze

(ii) A 10 kW, 220 V, DC 6 pole shunt motor runs at 1000 rpm. Delivering full 5 Evaluate
load. The armature has 534 lab connected conductors. Full load copper loss is
0.64 kW. The total brush drop is 1 volt. Determine the flux per pole neglecting
shunt current. (8)
8. (i) With neat schematic, explain the following methods for speed control of DC 4 Analyze

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shunt motor
(1) Armature Control Method (5)
(2) Field Control Method.(5)
(ii) A 4 pole, 240 V wave connected shunt motor gives 1119 kW when running 3 Apply

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at 1000 RPM and drawing armature and field currents of 50 A and 1.0 A
respectively. It has 540 conductors; its resistance is 0.1 ohm. Find (1) total
torque (2) useful torque (3) useful flux per pole (4) rotational losses and (5)
efficiency. Assuming a drop of 1 volt per brush.(6)

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9. (i) Using step by step approach, develop a mathematical expression for torque 6 Create
developed in DC machine.(8)

(ii) Discuss in detail about the N-Ia, T-Ia and N-T characteristics for a DC series 2 Understand
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motor, DC shunt motor and DC compound motor.(8)

10. (i) Draw a neat diagram showing the salient parts of a DC motor. Explain the 4 Analyze
function of each in detail.(10)

(ii) A 400 V dc shunt motor runs at 1000 rpm taking an armature current of 65 3 Apply
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A. Its armature resistance is 0.35 Ω. Calculate the speed required to develop

braking torque of 280 Nm when the machine is operated with regenerative
braking. (6)

11. (i) With a neat sketch explain the operation of 4-point starter. What are the 4 Analyze
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advantages of this starter over 3-point starter? (10)

(ii) An 8-pole D.C shunt generator with 778 waveconnected armature 1 Remember
conductors and running at 500 r.p.m. supplies a load of 12.5Ω resistance at
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terminal voltage of 250 V. The armature resistance is 0.24Ω and the field
resistance is 250Ω. Find the armature current, the induced e.m.f. and the flux
per pole. (6)
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12. (i) A 250 V dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 Ω and a field 1 Remember
resistance of 250 Ω. When driving at 600 rpm, a load torque of which is
constant, the armature current is 20 A. If it is desired to raise the speed from 600
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rpm to 800 rpm, find the resistance that must be inserted in the shunt field
circuit, assuming magnetization curve to be a straight line. (8)
(ii) Explain with neat diagram, the working of a 3-point starter.(8) 2 Understand
13. (i) With the help of a neat sketch, compare the mechanical characteristics of 4 Analyze
different dc motors.(8)

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(ii) Explain the speed control of a DC series motor by 2 Understand
(1) Field diverters method (4)
(2) Variable resistance in series with the motor. (4)
14. Explain the construction, working principle, characteristics and applications of 1 Remember
Universal motor with relevant diagrams.(16)

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UNIT IV AC MACHINES
Principle of operation of three-phase induction motors – Construction –Types – Equivalent circuit, Single
phase Induction motors -Construction– Types–starting and speed control methods. Alternator working
principle–Equation of induced EMF – Voltage regulation, Synchronous motors- working principle-
starting methods -– Torque equation – Stepper Motors – Brushless DC Motors

PART-B

1. (i) Draw and explain the constructional details and operating principles of an 4 Analyze
alternator. (8)

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(ii) Derive and show the emf equation of a 3ϕ alternator.(8) 3 Apply
2. (i) Draw and explain the principle of operation of a synchronous motor. (11) 4 Analyze

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(ii) Explain the advantages of stationary armature and rotating field in an 3 Apply
alternator.(5)
3. (i) Show that the starting torque of a synchronous motor is zero.(11) 3 Apply

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(ii) Discuss in detail the phenomenon of ‘hunting’ in a synchronous machine. 2 Understand
How is it remedied?(5)
4. (i) Derive an expression for the power developed in an synchronous motor.(8) 6 Create
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(ii) Discuss ‘V’ and inverted ‘V’ curve of a synchronous motor.(8) 2 Understand

5. Draw and explain the construction and principle of operation of three phase slip 3 Apply
ring induction motor. How is the construction different in squirrel cage
induction motor? (16)
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6. (i) Explain and Derive the relationship between 3 Apply

(a) Full load torque and maximum torque (4)
(b) Starting torque and maximum torque. (4)
(ii) Derive the equation for torque under running conditions in a 3-phase 6 Create
induction motor.(8)
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7. (i) Draw and Discuss the slip-torque characteristics of 3-phase induction 2 Understand
motor.(8)
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(ii) Explain the working of autotransformer starter of a 3 phase induction motor 3 Apply
with a neat diagram.(8)

8. (i) Explain the star-delta method of starting of 3ϕ induction motor.(8) 3 Apply

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(ii) Discuss briefly different methods of stator side control of speed of a 3ϕ 2 Understand
induction motor.(8)
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9. (i)Compare squirrel cage induction motor and slipring induction motor.(5) 4 Analyze

(ii)Derive the condition for maximum torque.(6) 6 Create

(iii) Correlate the operation of a transformer andinduction motor. (5) 4 Analyze

10. Briefly describe the speed control of three phase induction motors by 1 Remember
(i) Frequency (8)
(ii) Number of poles. (8)

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11. Describe the construction, working principle and applications of single phase 1 Remember
induction motor with neat diagrams.(16)
12. With a neat diagram describe the working principle of Brushless DC motor. 1 Remember
(16)
13. Describe the construction and principle of working of Stepper motor with neat 1 Remember
diagrams and mention its applications.(16)

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14. With neat sketches, using the double field revolving field theory, explain why a 5 Evaluate
single phase induction motor is not self-starting. (16)

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UNIT V MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
Type of Electrical and electronic instruments – Classification- Types of indicating Instruments – Principles of
Electrical Instruments –Multimeters, Oscilloscopes- Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Measurement –
Errors in Measurement – Transducers - Classification of Transducers: Resistive, Inductive, Capacitive,
Thermoelectric, piezoelectric, photoelectric, Hall effect and Mechanical.

PART – B
1. (i). List and define the Static characteristics of an instrument.(8) 1 Remember

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(ii). Explain the static characteristics of an instrument with an example.(8) 3 Apply

2. (i). List and define various types of errors associated in measurement.(8) 1 Remember

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(ii). How these errors can be minimized.(8) 3 Apply

3. (i). Explain working principle of strain gauge with neat diagram.(8) 1 Remember

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(ii). Derive the expression for the strain gauge.(8) 6 Create

4. (i). Illustrate the working Principle of piezoelectric transducers with neat 5 Evaluate
sketch.(8)
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(ii). Derive the expression foe the piezoelectric transducers.(8) 5 Evaluate

5. (i). Explain the working principle of LVDT with neat diagram.(8) 1 Remember

(ii). Explain the operation of LVDT with an application.(8) 3 Apply

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6. Describe the different criteria for selection of transducer for a particular 4 Create
application and classification.(16)
7. Explain the construction and working of DMM with all its self diagnostic 2 Understand
features.(16)
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8. With a neat Block diagram, briefly explain about the general purpose 2 Understand
oscilloscope.(16)
9. List and define the dynamic characteristics of transducers with detail 2 Understand
diagram.(16)
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10. (i). List the types of capacitive transducers with diagram.(8) 1 Remember

(ii). Derive the design procedure of a capacitive transducer.(8) 6 Create

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11. Compare the advantage and disadvantages of thermoelectric over electrical 3 Apply
transducers.(16)
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12. Sketch and explain the Photoelectric transducer principle with an 1 Remember
application.(16)
13. Differentiate the advantage and disadvantage of mechanical and electrical and 4 Analyze
electronic instruments with five features.(16)
14. (i). Draw and explain the principal of Hall effect.(8) 1 Remember

(ii). Derive the Hall coefficient with an application.(8) 6 Create

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