Wave Ladders for Maximum Strength

by Christian Thibaudeau | 10/15/13

Here's what you need to know...

1. Wave loading has problems. The heavier sets allow for a build up of fatigue,
resulting in the inability to optimally engage the nervous system in successive sets.

2. Combining a ladder system with wave loading is more effective as it increases

the difficulty without modifying the load.

3. You can do as many waves as you can handle, although you must stop when
you fail to hit your numbers.

4. Be sure to warm-up adequately so you start training with your nervous system
fully primed.

I love ramping – gradually activating the nervous system with progressively heavier
sets before I hit maximum performance on the last set. In the past I've also used wave
loading a lot, which is another very effective way to boost strength.

However, despite its efficacy, wave loading is a sub-optimal way to train, at least the
way most people approach it. It doesn't even take full advantage of the principle behind
it, namely post-tetanic potentiation. I've got a better way to wave load, and it's
guaranteed to make you a lot stronger, fast.

Traditional Wave Loading

Wave loading is a simple loading scheme in which one "wave" has 3 progressively
heavier sets with a corresponding decrease in reps.
For example, you might perform 3 reps with 300 pounds, rest 2 minutes; then 2 reps
with 320 pounds, rest 2 minutes; and then 1 rep with 340 pounds before resting 2-3
minutes. That's one wave.

If you're able to successfully complete a wave, you move on to the next one, but it has
to be slightly heavier than the preceding wave. That being said, you stop the exercise
as soon as you fail to complete a set. Even if you have 1 or 2 sets left in a wave, you
stop the moment you fail.

So to recap:

• Each wave is comprised of 3 sets that are progressively heavier, but use fewer reps.

• After you complete a wave, you start a slightly heavier one.

• If you fail to complete a set, regardless of whether it's set 1, set 2, or set 3, you hang
it up.

A 3/2/1 wave might look like this:

• WAVE 1

• Set 1: 3 reps at 85%

• Set 2: 2 reps at 88%

• Set 3: 1 rep at 92%

• WAVE 2

• Set 1: 3 reps at 85% + 20 pounds

• Set 2: 2 reps at 88% + 20 pounds

• Set 3: 1 rep at 92% + 20 pounds

• WAVE 3

• Set 1: 3 reps at 85% + 30 pounds

• Set 2: 2 reps at 88% + 30 pounds

• Set 3: 1 rep at 92% + 30 pounds

What's the Problem?

The theory behind wave loading revolves around post-tetanic potentiation. Simply, a
maximal contraction potentiates/activates the nervous system, which increases your
capacity to recruit muscle fibers and produce force for roughly 3-5 minutes.

In other words, by doing a maximal or near-maximal contraction, you can do more reps
or perform at a higher level on the subsequent set, provided the fatigue isn't excessive.
And wave loading takes advantage of this, just not optimally.

The problem is that the "potentiation" set comes with the heaviest set, which is
performed at the end of the wave. While this maximal set effectively ramps you up for
the next wave, you also accumulate fatigue, which results in failure to optimally engage
the nervous system in successive waves.

Ladders: The New Way to Potentiate

Traditional ladders are another effective way to activate the nervous system. However,
they accomplish this by increasing the difficulty of the sets – namely the number of reps
– without modifying the load.

For example:

• Set 1: 1 rep with 300 pounds

• Set 2: 2 reps with 300 pounds

• Set 3: 3 reps with 300 pounds

• Set 4: 4 reps with 300 pounds

• Etc.

I much prefer this approach. When you repeat the same weight for two sets in a row,
the second set always feels easier, provided you didn't get too fatigued from the first
set.

In other words, with ladders you can gradually ramp up the intensity without gassing
out, which ultimately helps you reach a higher rep peak than if you went all-out every
set.
The Wave-Ladder
The Wave-Ladder is obviously a hybrid of the two methods. It also uses 3-set waves
but instead of adding weight with each set within a wave, you add reps. When you
successfully complete a wave, you start a new one with a bit more weight.

For example:

• WAVE 1

• Set 1: 300 pounds x 1 rep

• Set 2: 300 pounds x 2 reps

• Set 3: 300 pounds x 3 reps

• WAVE 2

• Set 1: 310 pounds x 1 rep

• Set 2: 310 pounds x 2 reps

• Set 3: 310 pounds x 3 reps

• WAVE 3

• Set 1: 320 pounds x 1 rep

• Set 2: 320 pounds x 2 reps

 • Set 3: 320 pounds x 3 reps

The rules are the same as with regular waves: when you can successfully complete a
whole wave, you start a new one with 10-20 pounds more, and when you can't
complete a set, even if the wave isn't finished, you stop.

What Weight Do I Use?

Most people can use 90% of their 1RM for 3 repetitions. The first wave is fairly
conservative as it's primarily used to amp up the nervous system and warm-up the
movement pattern.

As such, I recommend starting the first wave with 85% of your maximum. If you're
unsure what your maximum is, then err on the safe side. In other words, it's better to
start the first wave too light than too heavy since you can always compensate by
increasing the weight appropriately for that second wave. But start too heavy and
you've just painted yourself into a corner.

I like to use 85% for the first wave and 88% for the second wave. If that second wave
felt fairly hard, I might go up to 90% for the third wave. If the second wave felt solid, I'll
attempt 92% for the third wave. Obviously, you have to be acutely aware (and brutally
honest!) of your performance.

Warming-up for the Wave Ladders

Starting off with 85% of your max is asking for trouble. It takes about 3 sets with a
weight above 60% to get you ready to function at a high level on any movement. Some
will need 4 sets but very few will need less than 3. (Those that do have very efficient
nervous systems, and are typically the types we call "wired").

However, while we want to get ready for the work sets, we don't want to get
excessively fatigued because that will hinder performance. Since the highest rep
number we'll do during the wave-ladder is 3, we'll generally stick with sets of 3 reps for
the warm-up.

To spell it out, I'll typically start with 1 set of 6-8 reps using only the bar, followed by 1
set of 3 reps with 60% of my max; followed by 1 set of 3 reps with 70% of my max; and
then 1 set of 3 reps with 80% of my max. Then I'd start my work sets.

It would look like this:

• Set 1: Barbell only x 6-8 reps

 • Set 2: 60% x 3 reps

• Set 3: 70% x 3 reps

• Set 4: 80% x 3 reps

• Set 5: 85% x 1 rep

• Set 6: 85% x 2 reps

• Set 7: 85% x 3 reps

• Set 8: 88% x 1 rep

• Set 9: 88% x 2 reps

• Set 10: 88% x 3 reps

• Set 11: 90% (92%) x 1 rep

• Set 12: 90% (92%) x 2 reps

• Set 13: 90% (92%) x 3 reps

Note: The warm-up sets are intended to get you ready for the work sets. It's not only
about getting "warmed-up" per se (oiling up the joints and bringing blood into the
muscles), it's also about fine tuning your lifting technique; making sure your
coordination is perfect when you start the work sets.

Keep in mind that every warm-up set, even those with just the empty barbell, should be
done with 100% focus on technique, tension, and proper body position during the lift!

Weekly Progression
The best progression model to follow is linear progression. However, be mindful not to
increase the load too fast. You must totally master the weight you're using now before
adding more weight.
Remember, the slower you can progress the weights while still growing and making the
workouts hard, the longer you'll progress – and the stronger you'll be at the end. To
that end, an optimal progression scheme when using this system would be to add 5
pounds to the starting wave every third workout.

Just don't forget, with wave-ladders, as long as you can complete a wave, you can start
a new one. So if during a workout you successfully complete the third wave, you're
entitled to start a fourth one with 2-3% more weight, even a fifth one if you're on fire
that day.

But never increase the starting weight (and subsequently the weight for the second and
third waves) sooner than every third workout.

Get Stronger, Faster

This system will increase your strength very quickly but if your goal is to maximize size,
it's best used in conjunction with some density work performed immediately after.

Here are a couple of examples of how you could employ density work after doing Wave
Ladders:

1. Drop the load to 80% and then do as many total reps as possible in 8 minutes.

2. Try to complete 30 total reps with 80% of your 1RM as fast as you can, and then
add loaded carries for 3-5 sets of 1 minute duration per set.

Such combinations will get you stronger, bigger, and leaner, fast.

Christian Thibaudeau
Christian Thibaudeau specializes in building bodies that perform as well as they
look. He is one of the most sought-after coaches by the world's top athletes and
bodybuilders.

Follow Christian Thibaudeau on Facebook

(https://facebook.com/christian.thibaudeau)

10/15/13
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