Erection of RCC Members
Erection of RCC Members
Erection of RCC Members
By
Dr SACHIN JAIN
a. stack of column
b. column placed on rib
c. stack of cross beam
d. stack of flights of
stairs
e. wall panels in vertical
rack
f. floor beam in vertical
position
1 - stored structures;
2,3- lines of boards;
4- vertical racks terstiles;
5- vertical racks;
6- stop
1. Crawler crane
2. Position of foundation slabs prior to lifting
3. Foundation slab in design position
4. Four leg sling
Dr Sachin Jain Notes 8
Erection of Prefabricated foundation slabs
for industrial buildings are normally placed in position directly from transport vehicles or
some times they may be brought and placed near to the position.
Before installing a foundation, the excavation bottom grade is checked with the aid of a
level, then pegs are sunk into the ground and marked with notches corresponding to the
base line.
The position of foundation in plan is checked with the aid of a theodolite which is
centered over the first foundation at the intersect of the longitudinal and the transversal
building lines and aimed at the notch of the last foundation in the row being checked.
Next, the cross-hairs are aimed in succession at all the foundations of the row to stack
out the actual position of the lines.
The grades of foundations and of the pocket bottom are checked with level and
temporary bench marks.
Light columns of single storey building can be easily mounted by boom cranes with the aid of forked
head cap, which is a device fixed to the end of crane boom and having pulley blocks for threading of
wire ropes.
This column attachment requires a crane of lesser boom length, so lifting capacity of crane is more or
we can use a smaller carne.
In addition, the smaller suspension distance minimizes swinging of the column and improves the
11
accuracy of placement
Erection of Reinforcement concrete heavier columns
Heavier columns are laid with their bases toward the foundations and are lifted with prior tilting in the
vertical plane.
Some time heavy columns may be delivered from a preassembly area on two rail bogies,as a column
is being lifted, but before it is placed in vertical position, the bogie carrying the bottom end is moved
accordingly to minimize stresses as column is being tilted up.
12
When installing two leg columns , it may be necessary to brace the bottom sections of the legs.
Erection of column by Rigid manipulators
Center lines of crane girders are checked with the aid of a theodolite set on the
center line of the first crane girder on a special bracket fixed to the top plane of
the girder.
In spans of not more than 18 m, the crane girder center line is checked by
taping the span across each column.
Crane girder and crane rails are leveled in the middle of the span of the building
200 to 300 mm above the surface of the girder.
Inserts are welded together after the position of the crane girder has been trued
and geodetically checked.
Dr Sachin Jain Notes 16
Erection of Roof trusses
1. Floor panels
2. Roof truss
supporting girders
3. Erected section of
panel roofs
4. Roof trusses
5. Erecting crane
Roof trusses and beams are normally mounted directly from transport vehicles.
If pre-assembly is necessary, trusses and beams are placed in the span being erected in such
manner as to enable a crane to install them from its work station without the use of guys and to
subsequently place roof slabs without changing its work station. 17
1. Ladder
2. Suspended ladder
3. Scaffolding
4. Safety cable
5. Reusable cross braces
6. Suspended cradles
Roof trusses and beams are erected after the installation and the fastening of all the underlying construction of the
building frame. Reusable cross braces and cradles (bosun’s chairs) for erectors are suspended to trusses and beams are
set in correct positions on column by aligning corresponding marks.
To facilitate the orientation of a truss being lifted and its accurate placement, use is made of flexible manipulators
consisting of two winches placed on an erecting crane and wire ropes(bridles) which are passed through deflecting bars
and secured to the end of an erection spreader bar.
The element being erected is oriented from a control desk by an erector or, when the control desk is installed on the
crane, by the crane operator on signals from the erector. 18
Special devices are used for the temporary attachment and alignment of
beams and trusses.
1. Truss(beam)
2. Brace
3. Adjusting screw
4. Beam
5. Clamping screw
1. Truss(beam)
2. Reusable cross
brace
3. Screw clamp
4. Traverse
5. Guy
6. Hinge
7. Collar
After the first beam or truss is lifted and placed in position, it is fastened by guys, whereas
subsequent beams are fastened with suitable braces.
The panels are mounted from the middle of the span in a manner to
load the trusses symmetrically on both sides.
The panels are welded to inserts, and slings are removed only after
welding has been performed at three points.
It should be stressed that missed welds may affect the lateral stability
of the top chords of the trusses and thus cause accidents.
Once the panels are put in position, the joints are grouted.
Dr Sachin Jain Notes 21
Erection of wall panels
Small wall panels are stacked about the perimeter of the building in quantities
sufficient for complete erection of the walls.
Panels are fastened by wielding together inserts and grouting joints. Erection
work is performed from bosun’s chair or swinging scaffolding mounted on the
external side of the wall.
A panel is removed directly from a transport vehicle by securing it with the aid of
a spreader bar to devices preventing its rotation on lifting.
When a panel is being lifted, the erection platform should be pushed away from
the wall.
Once a panel has been lifted to its place of installation, the erection plate form is
moved toward the wall, and the erectors use it to position and secure the panel
and to grout the joints.
Having filled the plane between two columns with blind and glazed wall panels,
the erecting crane is moved to its next station.
A panel 12 m long and 6 t in mass can be erected in 20 min by the new method.
When the cranes are outside the building erection of one story is
done after another, the erection of a story is begun only after all
the structures of the preceding story have been completed and
erection braces have been placed to ensure the longitudinal
stability of the building.
When cranes are located within the building cross section, the
vertical break between adjacent cells (units) of the framework
should not exceed one tier.
Group jig is a box type metal structure with collar for securing
columns and a wooden working platform for the erectors.
The bottom collar attaches the jig to the projecting caps of the
underlying storey columns, and the two top collar temporarily
secure and true the columns.
Dr Sachin Jain Notes 30
The jig is aligned in the center line with the aid of a special
frame and secured to erection ears of intermediate floors by
bracing.
Once the jig has been placed on the floor and secured to caps
of columns of an underlying story, all four new columns are
installed, secured and trued by adjusting screws.
The deviation of the cross bar from the base lines should not
exceed 5 mm.
Once the cross bar has been positioned correctly, its cast-in
fittings are tack welded to column brackets; once the cross bar
is secured throughout the width of building, reinforcement
projections are welded together and cast in fittings of cross bars
and column brackets are permanently welded, the joints are
then grouted with grade 200 concrete on fine aggregate
Roof or floor slab are mounted after their positions are marked
on the cross bars and supporting tables and welded.
1. Spreader bar
2. Shell
3. Crane
4. Jig for erecting shell
5. Scaffolding
1. Truss
2. Temporary erection steel tie rods
3. Temporary erection support
a. Stadium roof
b. Auditorium roof with
guy trusses
c. General view of roof
with radial steel ropes
1. Reinforced concrete
roof (supporting
perimeter)
2. Central steel ring
3. Guys
Reinforced concrete roof slabs, temporarily weighted, are laid on the guys.
Weighting is in the form of a uniform loading of the shell by piece items (such
as brick)
The weight thereof being generally assumed equal to that of the roof and of the
temporary load.
When concrete attains its design strength temporary load is removed slabs can
be pre stressed.
Dr sachin Jain Notes 44
Types of erection methods
Erection of Single-Story Industrial Building
1. Pier block
2. Lintel block
3. Window sill block
After laying out the center lines of the building and marking out
the design positions of blocks, foundation blocks are placed at
corners of the building.
Finally all the remaining blocks of the first course are laid along
a wire strung to mark the foundation line.
Center lines are laid out and places of installation of ground storey
blocks are marked out.
This can be done by special frames with plugs for spreading the
mortar.
Cross joints and gaps between blocks are grouted and if need be,
blocks are secured to one another and to the floor as erection
proceed.
Open joints are also filled with light weight concrete after being
walled the space for ventilation blocks by means of lightweight or
ceramic stones.
Partition panels are put in place after external and internal walls of a
storey have been mounted.
Cornice blocks are erected from the garret floor throughout the length
of the building front.
Slabs are concreted complete with ducts and openings framed with
metal aprons welded to slab reinforcement and intended to
accommodate columns.
Aprons are provided with holes for screw rods of jacking devices.
The remaining slabs are then also lifted and temporarily attached with
the aid of cast in fittings, except for the slabs of the ground and the
first floors which are permanently secured in the design position.
The columns of the next tier are than extended, the jacks are re
stationed, and the floor slabs are lifted and fastened in the same
sequence as above until all of the are in design position.
Columns are erected and jacks are re stationed by means of light self
propelling cranes placed on the garret floor.