MongoDB is a cross-platform, document oriented database that provides,

high performance, high availability, and easy scalability. MongoDB works on

concept of collection and document.

Database
Database is a physical container for collections. Each database gets its own
set of files on the file system. A single MongoDB server typically has
multiple databases.

Collection
Collection is a group of MongoDB documents. It is the equivalent of an
RDBMS table. A collection exists within a single database. Collections do not
enforce a schema. Documents within a collection can have different fields.
Typically, all documents in a collection are of similar or related purpose.

Document
A document is a set of key-value pairs. Documents have dynamic schema.
Dynamic schema means that documents in the same collection do not need
to have the same set of fields or structure, and common fields in a
collection's documents may hold different types of data.
The following table shows the relationship of RDBMS terminology with
MongoDB.
RDBMS MongoDB

Database Database

Table Collection

Tuple/Row Document

column Field

Table Join Embedded Documents

Primary Key Primary Key (Default key _id provided

by mongodb itself)

Database Server and Client

Mysqld/Oracle mongod

mysql/sqlplus mongo
Sample Document
Following example shows the document structure of a blog site, which is
simply a comma separated key value pair.
{

_id: ObjectId(7df78ad8902c)

title: 'MongoDB Overview',

description: 'MongoDB is no sql database',

by: 'tutorials point',

url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',

tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],

likes: 100,

comments: [

user:'user1',

message: 'My first comment',

dateCreated: new Date(2011,1,20,2,15),

like: 0

},

user:'user2',

message: 'My second comments',

dateCreated: new Date(2011,1,25,7,45),

like: 5

_id is a 12 bytes hexadecimal number which assures the uniqueness of

every document. You can provide _id while inserting the document. If you
don’t provide then MongoDB provides a unique id for every document.
These 12 bytes first 4 bytes for the current timestamp, next 3 bytes for
machine id, next 2 bytes for process id of MongoDB server and remaining 3
bytes are simple incremental VALUE.

MongoDB - Advantages
Any relational database has a typical schema design that shows number of
tables and the relationship between these tables. While in MongoDB, there
is no concept of relationship.

Advantages of MongoDB over RDBMS

  Schema less − MongoDB is a document database in which one collection holds different documents. Number of fields,
content and size of the document can differ from one document to another.

 Structure of a single object is clear.

 No complex joins.

 Deep query-ability. MongoDB supports dynamic queries on documents using a document-based query language that's
nearly as powerful as SQL.

 Tuning.

 Ease of scale-out − MongoDB is easy to scale.

 Conversion/mapping of application objects to database objects not needed.

 Uses internal memory for storing the (windowed) working set, enabling faster access of data.

Why Use MongoDB?

 Document Oriented Storage − Data is stored in the form of JSON style documents.

 Index on any attribute

 Replication and high availability

 Auto-sharding

 Rich queries

 Fast in-place updates

 Professional support by MongoDB

Where to Use MongoDB?

 Big Data

 Content Management and Delivery

 Mobile and Social Infrastructure

 User Data Management

 Data Hub

MongoDB - Environment
Let us now see how to install MongoDB on Windows.

Install MongoDB On Windows

To install MongoDB on Windows, first download the latest release of
MongoDB from https://www.mongodb.org/downloads. Make sure you get
correct version of MongoDB depending upon your Windows version. To get
your Windows version, open command prompt and execute the following
command.
C:\>wmic os get osarchitecture
OSArchitecture
64-bit
C:\>

32-bit versions of MongoDB only support databases smaller than 2GB and
suitable only for testing and evaluation purposes.
Now extract your downloaded file to c:\ drive or any other location. Make
sure the name of the extracted folder is mongodb-win32-i386-[version] or
mongodb-win32-x86_64-[version]. Here [version] is the version of
MongoDB download.
Next, open the command prompt and run the following command.
C:\>move mongodb-win64-* mongodb
1 dir(s) moved.
C:\>

In case you have extracted the MongoDB at different location, then go to

that path by using command cd FOOLDER/DIR and now run the above
given process.
MongoDB requires a data folder to store its files. The default location for the
MongoDB data directory is c:\data\db. So you need to create this folder
using the Command Prompt. Execute the following command sequence.
C:\>md data
C:\md data\db

If you have to install the MongoDB at a different location, then you need to
specify an alternate path for \data\db by setting the
path dbpath in mongod.exe. For the same, issue the following
commands.
In the command prompt, navigate to the bin directory present in the
MongoDB installation folder. Suppose my installation folder is D:\set
up\mongodb
C:\Users\XYZ>d:
D:\>cd "set up"
D:\set up>cd mongodb
D:\set up\mongodb>cd bin
D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongod.exe --dbpath "d:\set up\mongodb\data"

This will show waiting for connections message on the console output,
which indicates that the mongod.exe process is running successfully.
Now to run the MongoDB, you need to open another command prompt and
issue the following command.
D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongo.exe
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6
connecting to: test
>db.test.save( { a: 1 } )
>db.test.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5879b0f65a56a454), "a" : 1 }
>

This will show that MongoDB is installed and run successfully. Next time
when you run MongoDB, you need to issue only commands.
D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongod.exe --dbpath "d:\set up\mongodb\data"
D:\set up\mongodb\bin>mongo.exe
 MongoDB - Create Database
In this chapter, we will see how to create a database in MongoDB.

The use Command

MongoDB use DATABASE_NAME is used to create database. The

command will create a new database if it doesn't exist, otherwise it will
return the existing database.

Syntax
Basic syntax of use DATABASE statement is as follows −
use DATABASE_NAME

Example
If you want to use a database with name <mydb>, then use
DATABASEstatement would be as follows −
>use mydb

switched to db mydb

To check your currently selected database, use the command db

>db
mydb

If you want to check your databases list, use the command show dbs.
>show dbs
local 0.78125GB
test 0.23012GB

Your created database (mydb) is not present in list. To display database,

you need to insert at least one document into it.
>db.movie.insert({"name":"tutorials point"})

>show dbs

local 0.78125GB

mydb 0.23012GB

test 0.23012GB

In MongoDB default database is test. If you didn't create any database,

then collections will be stored in test database.

MongoDB - Drop Database

In this chapter, we will see how to drop a database using MongoDB
command.
The dropDatabase() Method
MongoDB db.dropDatabase() command is used to drop a existing
database.

Syntax
Basic syntax of dropDatabase() command is as follows −
db.dropDatabase()

This will delete the selected database. If you have not selected any
database, then it will delete default 'test' database.

Example
First, check the list of available databases by using the command, show
dbs.

>show dbs

local 0.78125GB

mydb 0.23012GB

test 0.23012GB

>

If you want to delete new database <mydb>,

then dropDatabase()command would be as follows −

>use mydb

switched to db mydb

>db.dropDatabase()

>{ "dropped" : "mydb", "ok" : 1 }

>

Now check list of databases.

>show dbs

local 0.78125GB

test 0.23012GB
>

In this chapter, we will see how to create a collection using MongoDB.

The createCollection() Method

MongoDB db.createCollection(name, options) is used to create
collection.

Syntax
Basic syntax of createCollection() command is as follows −
db.createCollection(name, options)

In the command, name is name of collection to be created. Options is a

document and is used to specify configuration of collection.

Parameter Type Description

Name String Name of the collection to be created

Options Document (Optional) Specify options about

memory size and indexing

Options parameter is optional, so you need to specify only the name of the
collection. Following is the list of options you can use −

Field Type Description

(Optional) If true, enables a capped collection. Capped

collection is a fixed size collection that automatically
capped Boolean overwrites its oldest entries when it reaches its
maximum size. If you specify true, you need to
specify size parameter also.

(Optional) If true, automatically create index on _id

autoIndexId Boolean
field.s Default value is false.
 (Optional) Specifies a maximum size in bytes for a
size number capped collection. If capped is true, then you need
to specify this field also.

(Optional) Specifies the maximum number of

max number
documents allowed in the capped collection.

While inserting the document, MongoDB first checks size field of capped
collection, then it checks max field.

Examples
Basic syntax of createCollection() method without options is as follows −

>use test

switched to db test

>db.createCollection("mycollection")

{ "ok" : 1 }

>

You can check the created collection by using the command show
collections.

>show collections

mycollection

system.indexes

The following example shows the syntax of createCollection() method

with few important options −

>db.createCollection("mycol", { capped : true, autoIndexId : true, size :

6142800, max : 10000 } )

{ "ok" : 1 }

>
In MongoDB, you don't need to create collection. MongoDB creates
collection automatically, when you insert some document.

>db.tutorialspoint.insert({"name" : "tutorialspoint"})

>show collections

mycol

mycollection

system.indexes

tutorialspoint

>

MongoDB - Drop Collection

In this chapter, we will see how to drop a collection using MongoDB.

The drop() Method

MongoDB's db.collection.drop() is used to drop a collection from the
database.

Syntax
Basic syntax of drop() command is as follows −
db.COLLECTION_NAME.drop()

Example
First, check the available collections into your database mydb.

>use mydb

switched to db mydb

>show collections

mycol

mycollection

system.indexes

tutorialspoint
>

Now drop the collection with the name mycollection.

>db.mycollection.drop()

true

>

Again check the list of collections into database.

>show collections

mycol

system.indexes

tutorialspoint

>

drop() method will return true, if the selected collection is dropped

successfully, otherwise it will return false.

MongoDB - Datatypes
MongoDB supports many datatypes. Some of them are −

 String − This is the most commonly used datatype to store the data. String in
MongoDB must be UTF-8 valid.

 Integer − This type is used to store a numerical value. Integer can be 32 bit or
64 bit depending upon your server.

 Boolean − This type is used to store a boolean (true/ false) value.

 Double − This type is used to store floating point values.

 Min/ Max keys − This type is used to compare a value against the lowest and
highest BSON elements.

 Arrays − This type is used to store arrays or list or multiple values into one
key.

 Timestamp − ctimestamp. This can be handy for recording when a document

has been modified or added.
  Object − This datatype is used for embedded documents.

 Null − This type is used to store a Null value.

 Symbol − This datatype is used identically to a string; however, it's generally

reserved for languages that use a specific symbol type.

 Date − This datatype is used to store the current date or time in UNIX time
format. You can specify your own date time by creating object of Date and
passing day, month, year into it.

 Object ID − This datatype is used to store the document’s ID.

 Binary data − This datatype is used to store binary data.

 Code − This datatype is used to store JavaScript code into the document.

 Regular expression − This datatype is used to store regular expression.

MongoDB - Insert Document

In this chapter, we will learn how to insert document in MongoDB collection.

The insert() Method

To insert data into MongoDB collection, you need to use
MongoDB's insert()or save() method.

Syntax
The basic syntax of insert() command is as follows −
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.insert(document)

Example
>db.mycol.insert({

_id: ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),

title: 'MongoDB Overview',

description: 'MongoDB is no sql database',

by: 'tutorials point',

url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',
 tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],

likes: 100

})

Here mycol is our collection name, as created in the previous chapter. If

the collection doesn't exist in the database, then MongoDB will create this
collection and then insert a document into it.

In the inserted document, if we don't specify the _id parameter, then

MongoDB assigns a unique ObjectId for this document.

_id is 12 bytes hexadecimal number unique for every document in a

collection. 12 bytes are divided as follows −
_id: ObjectId(4 bytes timestamp, 3 bytes machine id, 2 bytes process id,
3 bytes incrementer)

To insert multiple documents in a single query, you can pass an array of

documents in insert() command.

Example
>db.post.insert([

title: 'MongoDB Overview',

description: 'MongoDB is no sql database',

by: 'tutorials point',

url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',

tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],

likes: 100

},

title: 'NoSQL Database',

description: "NoSQL database doesn't have tables",

by: 'tutorials point',

 url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',

tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],

likes: 20,

comments: [

user:'user1',

message: 'My first comment',

dateCreated: new Date(2013,11,10,2,35),

like: 0

])

To insert the document you can use db.post.save(document) also. If you

don't specify _id in the document then save() method will work same
as insert() method. If you specify _id then it will replace whole data of
document containing _id as specified in save() method.