MongoDB is a cross-platform, document oriented database that provides, high performance,

high availability, and easy scalability. MongoDB works on concept of collection and
document.

Database
Database is a physical container for collections. Each database gets its own set of files on the
file system. A single MongoDB server typically has multiple databases.

Collection
Collection is a group of MongoDB documents. It is the equivalent of an RDBMS table. A
collection exists within a single database. Collections do not enforce a schema. Documents
within a collection can have different fields. Typically, all documents in a collection are of
similar or related purpose.

Document
A document is a set of key-value pairs. Documents have dynamic schema. Dynamic schema
means that documents in the same collection do not need to have the same set of fields or
structure, and common fields in a collection's documents may hold different types of data.

The following table shows the relationship of RDBMS terminology with MongoDB.

RDBMS MongoDB
Database Database
Table Collection
Tuple/Row Document
column Field
Table Join Embedded Documents
Primary Key (Default key _id provided by
Primary Key
MongoDB itself)
Database Server and Client
mysqld/Oracle mongod
mysql/sqlplus mongo

Sample Document
Following example shows the document structure of a blog site, which is simply a comma
separated key value pair.

{
_id: ObjectId(7df78ad8902c)
title: 'MongoDB Overview',
description: 'MongoDB is no sql database',
by: 'tutorials point',
url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',
tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
 likes: 100,
comments: [
{
user:'user1',
message: 'My first comment',
dateCreated: new Date(2011,1,20,2,15),
like: 0
},
{
user:'user2',
message: 'My second comments',
dateCreated: new Date(2011,1,25,7,45),
like: 5
}
]
}

_id is a 12 bytes hexadecimal number which assures the uniqueness of every document. You
can provide _id while inserting the document. If you don’t provide then MongoDB provides a
unique id for every document. These 12 bytes first 4 bytes for the current timestamp, next 3
bytes for machine id, next 2 bytes for process id of MongoDB server and remaining 3 bytes
are simple incremental

Any relational database has a typical schema design that shows number of tables and the
relationship between these tables. While in MongoDB, there is no concept of relationship.

Advantages of MongoDB over RDBMS

 Structure of a single object is clear.

 No complex joins.

 Deep query-ability. MongoDB supports dynamic queries on documents using a

 Tuning.

 Ease of scale-out − MongoDB is easy to scale.

 Conversion/mapping of application objects to database objects not needed.

 Uses internal memory for storing the (windowed) working set, enabling faster access
of data.
Why Use MongoDB?
 Document Oriented Storage − Data is stored in the form of JSON style documents.

 Index on any attribute

 Replication and high availability

 Auto-Sharding

 Rich queries

 Fast in-place updates

 Professional support by MongoDB

Where to Use MongoDB?

 Content Management and Delivery

 Mobile and Social Infrastructure

 User Data Management

 Data Hub
 Let us now see how to install MongoDB on Windows.
 Install MongoDB On Windows
 To install MongoDB on Windows, first download the latest release of MongoDB
from https://www.mongodb.com/download-center.


 Enter the required details, select the Server tab, in it you can choose the version of
MongoDB, operating system and, packaging as:


 Now install the downloaded file, by default, it will be installed in the folder
C:\Program Files\.
 MongoDB requires a data folder to store its files. The default location for the
MongoDB data directory is c:\data\db. So you need to create this folder using the
Command Prompt. Execute the following command sequence.
 C:\>md data
 C:\md data\db
 Then you need to specify set the dbpath to the created directory in mongod.exe. For
the same, issue the following commands.
 In the command prompt, navigate to the bin directory current in the MongoDB
installation folder. Suppose my installation folder is C:\Program Files\MongoDB
 C:\Users\XYZ>d:cd C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\4.2\bin
 C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\4.2\bin>mongod.exe --dbpath "C:\data"
 This will show waiting for connections message on the console output, which
indicates that the mongod.exe process is running successfully.
 Now to run the MongoDB, you need to open another command prompt and issue the
following command.
 C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\4.2\bin>mongo.exe
 MongoDB shell version v4.2.1
 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?
compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
 Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("4260beda-f662-4cbe-9bc7-
5c1f2242663c") }
 MongoDB server version: 4.2.1
 >
 This will show that MongoDB is installed and run successfully. Next time when you
run MongoDB, you need to issue only commands.
 C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\4.2\bin>mongod.exe --dbpath "C:\data"
 C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\4.2\bin>mongo.exe
 Install MongoDB on Ubuntu
 Run the following command to import the MongoDB public GPG key −
 sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv
7F0CEB10
 Create a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list file using the following command.
 echo 'deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart
dist 10gen'
 | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list
 Now issue the following command to update the repository −
 sudo apt-get update
 Next install the MongoDB by using the following command −
 apt-get install mongodb-10gen = 4.2
 In the above installation, 2.2.3 is currently released MongoDB version. Make sure to
install the latest version always. Now MongoDB is installed successfully.
 Start MongoDB
 sudo service mongodb start
 Stop MongoDB
 sudo service mongodb stop
 Restart MongoDB
 sudo service mongodb restart
 To use MongoDB run the following command.
 mongo
 This will connect you to running MongoDB instance.
 MongoDB Help
 To get a list of commands, type db.help() in MongoDB client. This will give you a
list of commands as shown in the following screenshot.

 MongoDB Statistics
 To get stats about MongoDB server, type the command db.stats() in MongoDB
client. This will show the database name, number of collection and documents in the
database. Output of the command is shown in the following screenshot.
