6-Absorption Stripping Pt1

ABSORPTION AND
STRIPPING
Separation Process Engineering

Chemical Engineering
Universitas Pertamina
2018
OUTLINE OBJECTIVES
▪ Introduction ▪ To explain the basic principles of
▪ Dilute absorption: Graphical absorption & stripping
McCabe Method & Kremser ▪ To calculate minimum absorbent flow
equation
rate
▪ More concentrated absorption
▪ To calculate the number of equilibrium
▪ Stage efficiency stages (N)
▪ Column Height ▪ To calculate stage efficiency
▪ Packing Height (HETP)
▪ To calculate column height
• Chapter 12: Wankat, "Separation Process Engineering Includes Mass

MAIN Transfer Analysis", 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, 2011
REFERENCES • Chapter 6: Seader, Henley and Roper, “Separation Process Principles”,
3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2011
INTRODUCTION
Basic Principles
Absorption:
• Removal of one or more
components of a gas stream
(solute) by nonvolatile liquid
solvent as absorbent.
• Operated at high pressure & low
temperature to minimize solvent
requirement.
Absorption & stripping are both Stripping:

equilibrium operations → contact • Removal of one or more components of a liquid
between gas & liquid. stream by being vaporized into a stripping gas
stream (eg. steam) as separating agent.
• Operated at low pressure & high temperature.
INTRODUCTION
Mechanism
Physical Absorption Chemical Absorption

• Gas is removed due to its • Gas is removed by reaction with the
greater solubility in the solvent solvent and remains in the solution.
than in the main gas stream. • Reaction may be reversible (solvent can be
• Example; removal of CO2 from regenerated in stripper) or irreversible
air with water as solvent. (solvent is disposed after use).
• Low concentration of solute → • Example: removal of CO2 or H2S by reaction
dilute absorption with NAOH or monoethanol-amine (MEA)
Gas solubility in liquid is usually very low, thus chemical absorption is often more
favored for higher concentration of solute.
INTRODUCTION
Application
INTRODUCTION Equipment
Absorption & stripping equipments are quite similar,
if not simpler, than those of distillation operation.
Tray column Packed column

INTRODUCTION Column Internals Packed column
Tray column
INTRODUCTION
General Design
Consideration
DILUTE Assumptions:
1) Heat of absorption is negligible
ABSORPTION 2) Isothermal operation
McCabe Thiele Method: 3) Constant liquid solvent (L) and gas (V) flow rate
Dilute Absorber (solute concentration is very low)
Solvent Gas Material balance:

inlet outlet
𝑦𝑛+1 𝑉 + 𝑥0 𝐿 = 𝑦1 𝑉 + 𝑥𝑛 𝐿
Operating Line:
𝑦𝑛+1 = 𝐿ൗ𝑉 𝑥𝑛 + 𝑦1 − 𝐿ൗ𝑉 𝑥0

Slope Intercept
Gas Solvent
inlet outlet For fresh solvent: x0 = 0
DILUTE Basic principles : solubility of gas in liquid.
ABSORPTION Henry’s Law Dalton’s Law
McCabe Thiele Method:
𝑃𝐵 = 𝐻𝐵 𝑥𝐵 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑦𝐵 𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡
Equilibrium (y-x) curve
Combine both → 𝑦𝐵 𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝐻𝐵 𝑥𝐵
𝐻𝐵
Equilibrium curve eq. 𝑦𝐵 = 𝑥𝐵
𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡
Since the equation is linear, equilibrium
curve is plotted as a straight line from
Where:
(0,0) to (xN, yN+1)
PB : solute partial pressure in main gas stream
HB: Henry’s law constant
xB : mole fraction of solute in liquid
yB : mole fraction of solute in gas stream Henry’s law constant is a
Ptot : total pressure function of temperature:
DILUTE
ABSORPTION
Henry’s Law Constant
DILUTE
ABSORPTION
Henry’s Law Constant
DILUTE
ABSORPTION
Procedure
1) Plot y-x equilibrium data Finish
2) x0, yN+1, y1, and L/V usually are
known. Determine slope &
intercept then plot the
operating line.
3) Start the staircase at the
bottom (x0, y1), moving
horizontally, then stop at the
top (xN ,yN+1) Start
4) Stage are numbered from
bottom to top, fraction may
be used. N= ~ 6,1 stage → 7 stage
DILUTE
ABSORPTION
Minimum Absorbent Rate
(L min)
• At minimum absorbent flow rate,

operating line will intersect with
equilibrium curve at (xN, yN+1)
• Results in infinite number of stages
Slope of the operating line becomes:
𝐿 𝑦𝑁+1 − 𝑦1
=
𝑉 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑁 − 𝑥0
𝐿
𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑛 =𝑉
𝑉 𝑚𝑖𝑛
DILUTE
ABSORPTION
Exercise
Procedure
1) Plot y-x equilibrium data
2) Determine (L/V)min then (L/V). Plot the operating line.
3) Start the staircase at the bottom (x0, y1), moving horizontally,
then stop at the top (xN ,yN+1)
4) Stage are numbered from bottom to top, fraction may be used.
DILUTE
ABSORPTION
Finish
Exercise
Start
DILUTE STRIPPER Basic principles:
1) The opposite of absorption
McCabe Thiele Method: 2) Similar to stripping section in distillation column
Solvent inlet Stripper

(from absorber) Gas outlet
Material balance:
𝑥𝑛+1 L + 𝑦0 𝑉 = 𝑥1 𝐿 + 𝑦𝑛 𝑉
Operating Line:
𝑦𝑛 = 𝐿ൗ𝑉 𝑥𝑛+1 + 𝑦0 − 𝐿ൗ𝑉 𝑥1

Slope Intercept
Stripper Solvent outlet
Gas inlet (to absorber)
END

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What are the basic principles of absorption and stripping?

What are the different types of absorption?

ABSORPTION AND

Separation Process Engineering

• Chapter 12: Wankat, "Separation Process Engineering Includes Mass

Absorption & stripping are both Stripping:

Physical Absorption Chemical Absorption

Tray column Packed column

Solvent Gas Material balance:

𝑦𝑛+1 = 𝐿ൗ𝑉 𝑥𝑛 + 𝑦1 − 𝐿ൗ𝑉 𝑥0

• At minimum absorbent flow rate,

Slope of the operating line becomes:

Solvent inlet Stripper

𝑦𝑛 = 𝐿ൗ𝑉 𝑥𝑛+1 + 𝑦0 − 𝐿ൗ𝑉 𝑥1

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