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    Test Cycles For NOX Measurements

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    Anshul Asthana
    The document outlines test procedures for measuring engine emissions. It describes the test facility requirements, equipment, standards, test cycles, fuel and operating parameters. The testing involves running engines at various load points on a dynamometer to evaluate emissions and verify rated power and speed. If tests fail, additional engines will be tested for conformity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Test Cycles For NOX Measurements

    Uploaded by

    Anshul Asthana
    70 views4 pages
    The document outlines test procedures for measuring engine emissions. It describes the test facility requirements, equipment, standards, test cycles, fuel and operating parameters. The testing involves running engines at various load points on a dynamometer to evaluate emissions and verify rated power and speed. If tests fail, additional engines will be tested for conformity.

    Original Description:

    The engines subjected to different test cycles for determining their NOX level.

    Original Title

    Test cycles for NOX measurements

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    The document outlines test procedures for measuring engine emissions. It describes the test facility requirements, equipment, standards, test cycles, fuel and operating parameters. The testing involves running engines at various load points on a dynamometer to evaluate emissions and verify rated power and speed. If tests fail, additional engines will be tested for conformity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views4 pages

    Test Cycles For NOX Measurements

    Uploaded by

    Anshul Asthana
    The document outlines test procedures for measuring engine emissions. It describes the test facility requirements, equipment, standards, test cycles, fuel and operating parameters. The testing involves running engines at various load points on a dynamometer to evaluate emissions and verify rated power and speed. If tests fail, additional engines will be tested for conformity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    TEST CYCLES & PROCEDURE

    1.0 The test facility to be used shall be of the certification agencies or any other
    facility approved by these certification agencies. The tests shall be carried out
    under the control of the certification agencies.

    2.0 Test equipment, setup, procedure, calculation method and other relevant
    technical details to be used shall be as per following standards, except where
    it is mentioned, specifically, in this document.

    (a) ISO 8178 – 1

    Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Exhaust emission measurement

    Part –1 : Test bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust


    emissions

    (b) ISO 8178 – 3

    Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Exhaust emission measurement

    Part –3 :Definitions & methods of measurement of exhaust gas smoke


    under steady state conditions.
    The smoke shall be measured at all specified mode points of the test cycle.

    3.0 The testing shall be done on engines with the engine dynamometer. In case
    of import of complete genset, the engine shall be decoupled to test with the
    engine dynamometer. The testing shall be done as per the following 5-mode
    cycle.

    Weighting
    Mode No. Engine speed % Load
    Factor
    1 Rated speed 100 0.05
    2 Rated speed 75 0.25
    3 Rated speed 50 0.30
    4 Rated speed 25 0.30
    5 Rated speed 10 0.10

    4.0 Testing shall be done with reference diesel fuel as per the specification given
    in Annexure I. The fuel inlet temperature shall be maintained at 38±5Deg C
    throughout the test.
    5.0 Single & two cylinder engines shall be tested with the engine air intake
    system. All the other engines shall be tested with either air intake system or
    applying maximum declared air intake depression.
    6.0 Running in of the engine, for COP, shall be as per clause 7.13 of part II of this
    document.
    7.0 Gross observed power shall be the criteria for adjusting dynamometer load as
    well as calculating specific emission values.

    8.0 The declared rated gross power shall be verified and corrected as mentioned
    below.
    9.0 Power Corrections Factors:
    Definition: The power correction factor is the coefficient by which the
    measured power must be multiplied to determine the engine power under the
    reference atmospheric conditions specified as below

    Po = α P

    Where:

    Po is the corrected power (i.e. power under reference atmospheric


    conditions);
    α is the correction factor

    P is the measured power (test power)

    Reference atmospheric conditions:

    Temperature (T): 298⁰K


    Dry pressure (Pso): 99kPa

    Note: The dry pressure is based on a total pressure of 100 kPa and a water
    vapour pressure of 1kPa.

    Test atmospheric conditions:

    The atmospheric conditions during the test shall be the following:


    Temperature (T) : Between 283 K and 313 K
    Pressure (P) : Between 80 kPa and 110 kPa

    Determination of correction factor:


    (The tests may be carried out in air -conditioned tests rooms where the
    atmospheric conditions may be controlled.)

    2
    The power correction factor α for diesel engines at constant fuel delivery is
    obtained by applying the formula :

    α = fafm

    where
    fa – the atmospheric factor

    fm- the characteristic parameter for each type of engine and adjustment

    Atmospheric factor (fa)

    This factor indicates effect of environmental conditions (pressure, temperature


    and humidity) on the air drawn in by the engine. The atmospheric factor differs
    according to the type of the engines.

    Naturally aspirated and mechanically pressure charged engines:


    fa = (99/Ps) * (T/298) 0.7
    Turbocharged engines with or without cooling of charge air :
    fa = (99/Ps)0.7 * (T/298) 1.5

    Engine Factor (fm)


    fm is a function of Qc (fuel flow corrected) as follows:

    fm = 0.036 Qc – 1.14

    where

    Qc – Q/r and

    Q – the fuel delivery in milligrams/cycle per liter of engine swept volume


    (mg/1.cycle)

    r is the pressure ratio of compressor outlet and compressor inlet (r = 1for


    naturally aspired engines)

    This formula is valid when Qc is 40 ≤ Qc ≤ 65

    For Qc values lower than 40, a constant value of fm equal to 0.3 (fm=0.3) will
    be taken.

    For Qc values higher than 65, a constant value of fm equal to 1.2 (fm=1.2) will
    be taken, as given below:

    3
    10.0 The gross declared corrected power of the engine shall be measured on a
    test bench at rated speedof the engine. The measured power and speed may
    differ from the power and speed specified by the supplier as specified below:
    Declared rated corrected Power:
    (i) For Type Approval:
    • For single cylinder engines, ± 5% at the rated power point
    • For all other engines, ± 4 % at the rated power point
    (ii) For Conformity of Production:
    • For single cylinder engines, at rated power point, ± 6% of the type
    approved figure
    • For all other engines, at rated power point, ± 5% of the type
    approved figure
    Declared rated Speed at rated power point shall vary within ± 1%
    11.0 For verifying the conformity of production, if the selected engine does not
    meet the smoke limits as applicable, another 2 engines will be taken from the
    series at random and shall be tested as per this part. The selected two
    engines should meet the limit values specified.
    12.0 For verifying the conformity of production, for the selected engine,ifthe gross
    power and rated speed does not meet the limits as per the clause 9.0 of this
    part, two more engines shall be tested for the rated gross power and rated
    speed.
    13.0 The two selected engines shall meet the limits for the rated gross power and
    speed, out of the two engines, one engine shall be subjected to the emission
    test for the conformance of production as mentioned in this part.
    14.0 The engine shall be tested with the maximum exhaust back pressure values
    declared by the manufacturer.
    In case of engines fitted with exhaust after treatment devices and external
    EGR system, the supplier shall declare exhaust back pressure values at all
    five test points. The engine will be tested with the declared exhaust back
    pressure values set at laboratory conditions with a tolerance of ± 10 % at
    rated load. At part load points the tolerance shall be as low as possible in the
    test laboratory conditions.
    15.0 The no load speed or high idle speed shall be verified and documented
    against value specified by the supplier
    16.0 If the engine is fitted with the after treatment devices to reduce the engine out
    emissions, the system adapted shall meet the requirements as specified in
    Annexure – VI. This Annexure VII shall be prepared and publishedseparately
    Reference:
    “System & Procedure for Compliance to Emission Limit for Genset Application
    (Up to gross mechanical power 800kWm)”, published by Central Pollution Control
    Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India

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