Quantum Tunnelling - Wikipedia
Quantum Tunnelling - Wikipedia
Quantum Tunnelling - Wikipedia
History
Quantum tunnelling was developed from
the study of radioactivity,[3] which was
discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel.[6]
Radioactivity was examined further by
Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, for which
they earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in
1903.[6] Ernest Rutherford and Egon
Schweidler studied its nature, which was
later verified empirically by Friedrich
Kohlrausch. The idea of the half-life and
the possibility of predicting decay was
created from their work.[3]
Play media
Animation showing the tunnel effect and its
application to an STM
Play media
Quantum tunnelling in the phase space formulation of
quantum mechanics. Wigner function for tunnelling
through the potential barrier in
atomic units (a.u.). The solid lines represent the level
set of the Hamiltonian .
The tunnelling problem
Applications
Tunnelling occurs with barriers of
thickness around 1-3 nm and smaller,[18]
but is the cause of some important
macroscopic physical phenomena. For
instance, tunnelling is a source of current
leakage in very-large-scale integration
(VLSI) electronics and results in the
substantial power drain and heating
effects that plague high-speed and mobile
technology; it is considered the lower limit
on how small computer chips can be
made.[19] Tunnelling is a fundamental
technique used to program the floating
gates of flash memory, which is one of the
most significant inventions that have
shaped consumer electronics in the last
two decades.
Radioactive decay
Astrochemistry in interstellar
clouds
Quantum biology
Cold emission
Quantum conductivity
Scanning tunnelling
microscope
Mathematical discussions of
quantum tunnelling
The following subsections discuss the
mathematical formulations of quantum
tunnelling.
or
, where
, where A(x)
and B(x) are real-valued functions.
and
,
and
.
Case 2
.
.
This can be solved using Airy functions as
solutions.
and
,
where are the two classical turning
points for the potential barrier.
See also
Dielectric barrier discharge
Field electron emission
Holstein–Herring method
Proton tunneling
Superconducting tunnel junction
Tunnel diode
Tunnel junction
Quantum cloning
References
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3. Razavy, Mohsen (2003). Quantum
Theory of Tunneling. World Scientific.
pp. 4, 462. ISBN 978-9812564887.
4. "Quantum Computers Explained –
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youtube.com. Kurzgesagt. 8 December
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6. Nimtz; Haibel (2008). Zero Time
Space. Wiley-VCH. p. 1.
7. Thomas Cuff. "The STM (Scanning
Tunneling Microscope) [The forgotten
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8. Mandelstam, L.; Leontowitsch, M.
(1928). "Zur Theorie der
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. PMID 19658983 . Retrieved 1 May
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19. "Applications of tunneling" Archived
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3 . PMC 3768233 . PMID 24039543 .
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Hall. p. 479. ISBN 978-0-13-805715-2.
25. Lerner; Trigg (1991). Encyclopedia of
Physics (2nd ed.). New York: VCH.
pp. 1308–1309. ISBN 978-0-89573-
752-6.
26. Sinha Roy, Soudip (25 December
2017). Generalized Quantum
Tunneling Effect and Ultimate
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to Cell Power Dissipation
Approximation in QCA Devices .
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27. Krane, Kenneth (1983). Modern
Physics. New York: John Wiley and
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3889(199812)7:7/8<660::AID-
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Further reading
N. Fröman and P.-O. Fröman (1965).
JWKB Approximation: Contributions to
the Theory. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Razavy, Mohsen (2003). Quantum
Theory of Tunneling. World Scientific.
ISBN 978-981-238-019-7.
Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to
Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice
Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-805326-0.
James Binney and Skinner, D. (2010).
The Physics of Quantum Mechanics: An
Introduction (3rd ed.). Cappella Archive.
ISBN 978-1-902918-51-8.
Liboff, Richard L. (2002). Introductory
Quantum Mechanics. Addison-Wesley.
ISBN 978-0-8053-8714-8.
Vilenkin, Alexander; Vilenkin, Alexander;
Winitzki, Serge (2003). "Particle creation
in a tunneling universe". Physical Review
D. 68 (2): 023520. arXiv:gr-qc/0210034 .
Bibcode:2003PhRvD..68b3520H .
doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.023520 .
H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten (2012).
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics:
Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral,
2nd ed. Singapore: World Scientific.
External links
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Quantum_tunnelling&oldid=898380075"