LEC-3 Vitamins PDF
LEC-3 Vitamins PDF
LEC-3 Vitamins PDF
Jayson Lumagas
Practice Teacher
PNU
What are vitamins?
• A vitamin is one of a group of organic substances
that is present in minute amounts in natural food
stuffs.
• Vitamins are essential to normal metabolism.
• If we do not take enough of any kind of vitamin,
certain medical conditions can result.
What are vitamins?
• A vitamin is both:
- an organic compound, which means it
contains carbon
- an essential nutrient that body cannot
produce enough of and which it needs to get
from food
FAST FACTS ON VITAMINS
• There are 13 known vitamins.
• Vitamins are either water-soluble or fat-soluble.
• Fat-soluble vitamins are easier for the body to store
than water-soluble.
• Vitamins always contain carbon, so they are described
as "organic."
• Food is the best source of vitamins, but some people
may be advised by a physician to use supplements.
Two Types of
Vitamins
☺Water-soluble Vitamins
☺Fat-soluble Vitamins
Water-soluble Vitamins
pears cabbages
apples
Vitamin B Complex
• They are all recognized as critical for
energy and for a healthy nervous system.
• They are often found together in food
stuffs
• There are eight Vitamin B Complex,
namely:
B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12.
Vitamin B1
• also known as Thiamine
• a crystalline compound with a yeast-like
odor
• This is stored in the liver and heart and, to
a lesser extent, in the kidney and brain
• The first vitamin to be isolated in pure
form
• Nitrogen containing alcohol that is
necessary in the diet of all animals except
luminaries to prevent beriberi.
• Was first synthesized in 1936
Vitamin B1
Benefit: it prevents beriberi, a disease
characterized by multiple neuritis (lesions of
nerves), general debility, and painful rigidity
Brewer’s yeast
Vitamin B2
• also known as Riboflavin
• A yellow nitrogen-containing
alcohol that occurs abundantly in
whey (the watery part of milk)
and in egg white
• It is a mild antioxidant; its bright
yellow color colors urine after it is
taken.
Vitamin B2
• Was recognized as a vitamin in 1933 and first
synthesized in 1935
• Benefit: it is to function as part of metabolic
systems concerned with the oxidation of
carbohydrates and amino acids
Vitamin B2
Deficiency- splitting of skin around the
mouth (cheilosis), inflammation of the
tongue (glossitis), vascularization of the
eyeball with eyestrain and abnormal
intolerance of light, greasy and scaly
inflammation of the skin
CHEILOSIS
Vitamin B2
Good Sources- liver, yeast, oysters, leafy
vegetables, whey, eggs, etc.
RDA- 1.7 mg
yeast
oyster
whey
Vitamin B3
• also known as Niacin, Niacinamide or
Nicotinic Acid
• This play an important role in ridding the
body of toxic and harmful chemicals
• Also helps the body make various sex and
stress-related hormones in the adrenal
glands and other parts of the body.
• Benefit: to treat insulin-dependent diabetes,
arthritis and migraine
Vitamin B3
Deficiency:
Pellagra, a disease that is characterized by red,
rough skin, weakness, loss of appetite,
diarrhea and digestive disturbances; if
untreated, it can be fatal
PELLAGRA
Good Sources- red meat, liver, fresh
vegetables,
wheat germ, milk and eggs
Chemical formula: niacin (C6H5NO2),
niacinamide (C6H5N2O)
RDA- 20 mg
Optimal Intake- 50-500 mg
Wheat germ
eggs
milk
Vitamin B5
• also known as Pantothenic Acid,
Panthenol, Pantethine, (Calcium)
Pantothenate
• came from the Greek word
“pantothen”, meaning “from
everywhere”
• Studies with rats by Dr. Roger Williams
showed that Pantothenic Acid may be
highly beneficial in fighting the
effects of stress.
Vitamin B5
Benefits: Diets with pantothenic acid have
greatly
increased the life span if experimental animals.
In man, no disease has been definitely traced to
the lack of pantothenic acid.
Deficiency- Hypoglycemia, ulcers, skin disorders;
failure to grow, change in hair color, hind legs
may be paralyzed and may cause to death in
animals
Good Sources: Meat, whole grains, leafy
vegetables, royal jelly
RDA- 10 mg
molasses
Vitamin B6
• also known as pyridoxine
• has potential to reduce blood levels of
homocysteine, possibly reducing the risk
of heart disease. Amounts in excess of 200
mg/day might lead to toxicity, expressed in
nerve problems.
Cereal grains
nuts
Vitamin B7
• also known as Biotin and Vitamin H
• It is involved in carbon dioxide transfer
and is essential to the metabolism of
carbohydrate and fat.
• Benefits: assists production of energy
within the body, promotes healthy hair
and normal cholesterol levels strengthens
hair and nails and reduces blood sugar
level
Vitamin B7
Deficiency:
hair loss, dry scaly skin, muscle
pain swollen and painful tongue,
exhaustion, loss of appetite,nausea,
etc.
Vitamin B7
Good Sources: Brewer's yeast, soy beans,
egg yolk, butter, oatmeal, soy,
mushrooms, etc.
legumes
mushroom
Vitamin B9
• also known as folic acid or ”pteroylglutamic” or
Vitamin M
• received its name because it was first detected in
leafy vegetable; the Latin word for “leaf” is folium
• Benefit: used the treat various anemias; to prevent
and cure sprue; has potential to lower blood levels of
homocysteine, perhaps having a role in reducing
heart disease. Folic Acid is also a key factor in the
prevention of many birth defects.
Vitamin B9
Deficiency: failure of bone-marrow to
form mature red blood cells, diseases in
digestive system, macrocytic anemia
(enlarged red blood cells), spina bifida
kangkong
Vitamin B12
•also known as Cobalamin,
Cyanocobalamin, Methylcobalamin
•Known as the extrinsic factor—a substance
from outside the body—that aids in the
development of red blood cell in higher
animals.
Benefits: B12 reduces homocysteine
levels in the blood, thus it possibly
has a role in heart disease
prevention
Deficiency- Pernicious Anemia,
defective function of the intestine,
indigestion, constipation or diarrhea
Good Sources- Meat products, cheese,
eggs
RDA- 6 mcg
Optimal Intake- 100-1,000 mcg
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
• Caused by inability to
absorbed the vitamin B-12
needed for your body to
make enough healthy red
blood cells
meats
cheese
eggs
Other B-Vitamins
• B4- also known as Adenine
- is a purine base of nucleic acids; its status
as a human vitamin is doubtful.
Deficiency: Muscular weakness (in rats and
chicks)
Good Sources- Widespread in animal and plant
tissues
• B8- chemical names: 5'-Adenylic Acid,
Ergadenylic Acid, Adenosine
Monophosphate
- This nucleotide is still listed as a
“nutrient" by the Merck Index. Many
sources now claim this substance is indeed
an essential vitamin.