258-Article Text-790-1-10-20151216 PDF
258-Article Text-790-1-10-20151216 PDF
258-Article Text-790-1-10-20151216 PDF
ABSTRACT
Rasa Shastra (science of alchemy) deals with Parada (mercury) and it is considered to be
the heart of Rasa Shastra. In fact, the whole science is under the influence of physical and
chemical properties of Parada. Rasa Shastra, one of the Pharmaco-therapeutic branches
of Ayurved, incorporates many of the Herbo-mineral-metallic pharmaceutical
preparations prepared out of the Parada namely Khalviya Rasayana [medicine is
prepared grinding the ingredients in a Khalva Yantra (comparable with mortar and
pestle)], Parpati Rasayana (thin flake like medicines), Pottali Rasayana (medicines
prepared in cloth) and Kupipakwa Rasayana (Medicines prepared in bottle) respectively.
The Historical evidences of Parpati Kalpana ways back in the 11th Century having
references from Chakradatta written by Acharya Chakrapani. The term Parpati (thin
flake like medicine) has been used in many context of Rasa Shastra. Parpati is a thin
Flake like preparation consisting of Parada, Gandhaka (sulphur) and other drugs which
are developed from Parada. This Preparation of Parada consist therapeutically effective
minerals and metallic formulations which includes both Sagandha (with sulphur) and
Nirgandha (without sulphur) Parada Murchita Yoga (medicines prepared out of
mercury). Parpati Rasayanas have high therapeutic value, potency, less toxicity and cost
effective preparations. Many works have been done on Parpati related to its
pharmaceutical, clinical and literary part but so far, there is no work on Parpati Kalpana.
Considering detailed review on Pharmaceutical and Analytical Parameters applicable for
Parpati preparations. So, in this paper an honest attempt has been made to have a
systematic overview of Parpati Kalpanas.
KEY WORDS: Rasa Shastra, Parpati Kalpanas, Murchita Parada Yogas, Pharmaceutical
and Analytical Parameters.
INTRODUCTION
Rasa Shastra, a boon of Ayurved popular after subjecting to Moorchana. Sagandha
from medieval period, mostly deals with Moorchana is preferred as it is more efficient.[1,2]
therapeutic utilization of metals and minerals, The compounds prepared with Parada
numerous formulations are mentioned in our (mercury) are considered to be the best. It has
Shastra with the permutation and combination been a practice for many years to combine
of Parada along with other ingredients. Mercury and Sulphur with other drugs or
According to recent concepts, mercury and its metals for enhancing their potency. Parpati
compounds are highly toxic. As per Rasa Kalpana is a well known and successfully used
Shastra, Parada i.e. Mercury is considered as preparation for the management of Grahani
most potent substance. It has Shadrasa (6 (sprue syndrome). Before the invention of
tastes) and balances Tridoshas (three Bodily Parpati, Grahani was considered difficult to cure
humours). These properties are exhibited in but after the invention of Parpati it became
compound form such as Khalviya Rasayana, curable. The use of Parpati was found beneficial
Parpati Rasayana etc. Parada is mainly used for alleviating associated symptoms of Grahani
as well as various other diseases like If Parada- Gandhaka is mixed with any
Rajayakshma (tuberculosis), Kustha (skin dhatu/loha, then it is named on the basis of
disorders), and Gulma (tumor) etc. Parada dhatu bhasma used. Ex-
Moorchana Yogas classification is mentioned in Use of Lauha Bhasma- Lauha Parpati
Figure no-1[3,4]
Use of Tamra Bhasma- Tamra Parpati
A. Etymology
Use of Suvarna Bhasma- Suvarna
The Sanskrit word “Parpati” denotes a
Parpati.
thin flake like preparation. “Parpati” indicates a
preparation which is thin, brittle and has a If Parada- Gandhaka is mixed with any
shape of thin Papad. By heating Kajjali (HgS) is Kasthaushadhi like Bola- Bola Parpati.
transformed into a thin, flat preparation. In Depending upon number of ingredients
practice though it possesses a thin, flat shape, it used like- Panchamrita Parpati (use of 5
is first powdered and then used for medicinal drugs), Saptamrita Parpati (use of 7 drugs).
purpose. The texts like “Rasatarangini” also
mention “Parpati” as “Parpatika”, meaning the Depending upon the results like- Kusthanta
same. But a reference in “Bharat Bheishajya Parpati.(Useful in Skin disorders)
Ratnakara” denotes “Parpatika” as the bits and Depending upon the colour and quality of
fragments left in an iron vessel, while preparing ingredients like- Shweta Parpati (White in
the Parpati. As it undergoes more heating, than colour)
required, it loses its medicinal value. Parpati is a Depending upon the person who prepared
thin flake like preparation which is developed the Parpati like- Bhairvnatha Parpati.
from “Pota Bandha”, consisting of Parada,
Gandhaka and other drugs [It may be dhatu- MATERIALS AND METHODS
bhasmas (ash of metals-non metals) or A. Importance of Parpati Preparation
Kashthaushadis (ash of herbal drugs)].[5]
Parpati Kalpana is one such method
B. History described among the 25 other Parada
Acharaya Nagarjuna’s treatise written in Bandha methods, which means to control
8th Century named Rasendra Mangala the movement and fragility of the Parada.
explanations of Parpati in Kustha Roga is found. In the procedure of Parpati Kalpana, heat
Later, Chakradatta written by Acharaya application is conducted; therefore heat
Chakrapani which is considered to be the energy may enhance its therapeutic efficacy
treatise of 11th Century has explained Parpati in treating many GIT disorders.
and highlighted it as Rasa Parpati which is
indicated in the Grahani Roga. Thereafter, Application of Gomaya (cow dung), which
Bhaishajaya Ratnavali written by Acharaya comes from the alimentary canal of the cow
Govind Das Sen which is the text of 19th Century and may have some enzymatic activity.
explains many Parpatis and while explaining With the use of Ghee smeared leaves we can
Rasa Parpati he has mentioned that Shivatsanka easily scrap out the Parpati, and also ghee is
Nirmita Rasa Parpati is considered to be the useful in treating indigestion, hence may
best showing the invention of Parpati. [6] have a synergistic effect along with
C. Synonyms Parpati.[7]
billiary products which in turn during such leaves which are highly rich in
preparation of Parpati gets absorbed in to chlorophyll gets absorbed into the
the heated Kajjali through the Patra media formulation and exerts therapeutic effects on
and thus helps to regulate the billiary human systems especially on G.I.T.
ailments and other Pittajanya vyadhis Properties of Chlorophyll- One of the
(diseases). best Anti-oxidants, able to neutralize the
Properties of Cow dung- The main negative effects of free radical in the body,
constituent of cow dung is debris from cells helps prevent many degenerative diseases
within the digestive tract and secretions and maintain the body stronger. Chlorophyll
from the body such as salts, sloughing of helps cleanse the body toxins. [11, 12]
animal cells and mucus. Feces also include F. Parpati Paka
undigested diet comprising cellulose and
lignin, originating from the cell walls of the While describing Parpati preparations,
plants. 3 Pakas (stages) have been mentioned in the
texts i.e., Mridu (soft) Madhyama (medium) and
5. Patra: - Use of Patras (leaves) like Kadali Khara (severe) paka. In these Mridu and
Patra (banana leaf), Eranda Patra (castor Madhyama paka preparations are the best to be
leaf) etc in the preparation increases the used in therapeutically. The Parpati paka
potency of the drug. Use of Kadali Patra gives lakshanas (Stages of Parpati cooking) are
the Kashaya quality to the Parpati. Use of mentioned in Figure No-2 [13, 14]
TABLE NO-2 PARPATI PAKA STAGES
Paka Kalina Pareeksha Paka Paschata Pareeksha
Mridu paka: When melted Kajjali attains Mridu paka: It is very soft smooth and bends
Mayura Chandrika varna (like peacock feather). on breaking, black in colour and shining is
less.
Madhyama paka: If melted Kajjali attains Taila Madhyama paka: Black coloured with proper
(oily) consistency. shining. I.e. while breaking, on the edges
shinning silver colour is seen.
Khara paka: If melted Kajjali attains Rakta Khara paka: It attains the blackish brown
varna (Reddish colour). colour instead of black colour. Mostly burnt
pieces and powder will be observed. It should
be discarded because it can acts as Visha.
G. Doses and Rules for Parpati Kalpana intake
In our classics we can get many references 1. Reference from Rasa Tarangini: -In the text
regarding matra (dose) and how to use Parpati it has been stated that 2 Ratti (250 mg)
preparations internally, but basically there are Parpati preparations is given as a starting
2 types of Parpati intake regimens. dose and increased gradually up to 10 Ratti
1. Samanya prayoga (General use) (2500 mg).[14]
4 Ratti
2. Loha Parpati Sh. Parada 1-2 Ratti (125- Bhaishjya Grahani, Ama shula
Sh. Gandhaka 250 mg) with Ratnavali- Atisara, Pandu,
Kanta Loha Bhasma Sheeta Jala, Grahani 444- Kamala, Pleeha roga,
(All equal parts) Dhanyaka and 452 Agnimandya,
Jeerak kwath Bhasmaka roga,
Kustha, Udavarta,
Amavata
3. Swarna Sh. Parada- 4 parts 1 Ratti (125 mg) Bhaishjya Grahani vikara,
Parpati Sh.Gandhaka- 4 parts with Brishta Ratnavali- Rajyakshma, 18 types
Swarna bhasma - 1 part Jeeraka churna Grahani 454- of shula, Vrishya.
and Madhu 457
4. Tamra Sh. Parada - 3 parts 2-3 Ratti (250- Kasa, Shwasa, Jwara,
Parpati Sh. Gandhaka - 3 parts 375 mg) with Rasa Ratna Pandu, Krimi roga,
Tamra Bhasma - 3 Ardraka Samuchya- Yakshma, Kustha
parts swarasa, Chapter 20 Shula, Grahani roga,
Sh. Vatsanabha - 1 part Triphala Kwatha, Shloka 134 Yakrita vikara,
Eranda Taila, Pleeha Vriddhi,
Kumari swarasa, Atisara and Vata-
Bakuchi Churna, Kapha roga.
Triphala Churna,
Khadira Kwatha.
5. Vijay Parpati Sh. Parada- 4 parts 2 Ratti (250 mg) Kastha Sadhya
Sh. Gandhaka- 2 parts with Brishta Grahani vikara, Arsh
Swarna bhasma -2 Jeeraka Churna shula, Atisara,
parts and Dadhi or Yakshma, Shotha,
Raupya bhasma- 1 part Takra Bhaishjya Kamala, Pandu,
Mukta bhasma- 1part Ratnavali- Pleeha, Jalodar,
Vaikranta bhasma- Grahani 461- Amlapitta Vatarakta,
1part 464 Krimi, Kustha,
Prameha, Vishama
Jwara, Rasayana and
Vrishya.
6. Gagana Sh. Parada - 1 part 1-3 Ratti (125- Siddha Yoga Pandu, Grahani
Parpati Sh. Gandhaka - 2 parts 375 mg) with Sangrah- vikara, Atisara,
Abhraka bhasma - 1 Brishta jeeraka, Sangrahani Kshaya, Kasa,
part Takra, Dugdha, Adhyaya Shwasa, Mandagni
Madhu and
Dadimaswarasa
7. Bola Parpati Sh. Parada - 1 part 3- 6 Ratti (375- Yoga. Rat. Raktasrava, Rakta
Sh. Gandhaka - 1 part 750 mg) with Purvardha, atisara, Rakta arsha,
Bola Churna - 2 parts Sharkara, Raktapitta Rakta pradara,
Madhu, Adhyaya Atyartava, Uraha
Navaneet, Durva kshata.
Swarasa,
Gulkanda
8. Shweta Surya kshara - 1 part 5-10 Ratti (625- Siddha Yoga Mutral, Swedjanan,
Parpati Sphatika - 1/8 part 1125 mg) with Sangrah- Vatanulomaka,
Navsadara - 1/16 part sheeta jala, Mutrakricha Ashmari,
Narikela Jala, Adhyaya Mutrakriccha,
Sharkara yukta Mutraghata etc.
dugdha, mutral
kwatha,
11. Test for Aflatoxine (B1, B2, G1, G2) (destroying the disease) property. Mandagni,
12. Lethal dose Gomay, Kadali, Parpatakara have their own
significances in Parpati nirmana. Mridu and
13. Optimum effective dose/ Mode of Madhyama Paka Parpati are to be used Khara
administration paka is tyajya (discarded). Its prime importance
14. Shelf life is in Grahni vikara. Parpati is a prestigious and
dependable preparation in Rasa Shasta for the
15. Packing and Labeling [32,33]
management of Grahani. It should be prepared
M. Glimpses of Analytical Study Conducted carefully following the guide-lines given by
on Parpati Kalpana: various classical texts in regards to purification
Padhi, Payodhar; Sahoo, G.; Das, K.; of mercury, sulphur and other materials and
Ghosh, Sudipto; Panigrahi, S. C. on Synthesis of proper incineration of minerals and metals
Black and Red Mercury Sulfide Nano-Powder by which are used for preparation of various
Traditional Indian Method for Biomedical Parpati kalpana. Then only Parpati becomes
Application. The study revealed following things safe, effective and beneficial for therapeutic
[34]: purpose.
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Kajjali added in ghrit lipta darvi Proper mixing and avoiding lumps to form