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    The document is a thesis submitted by Angelica Omos to Adamson University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry. The thesis investigates synthesizing superhydrophobic calcium carbonate particles derived from waste eggshells to protect wood substrates from degradation. Key points include using waste eggshells to produce functionalized calcium carbonate powder, optimizing the powder with oleic acid and polystyrene coatings, applying the powder as a coating on wood, and characterizing the coated wood using contact angle measurements, SEM, EDX, XRD and ATR-IR spectroscopy. The goal is to develop a sustainable method for protecting wood from degradation using a natural material.

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    First Part

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    The document is a thesis submitted by Angelica Omos to Adamson University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry. The thesis investigates synthesizing superhydrophobic calcium carbonate particles derived from waste eggshells to protect wood substrates from degradation. Key points include using waste eggshells to produce functionalized calcium carbonate powder, optimizing the powder with oleic acid and polystyrene coatings, applying the powder as a coating on wood, and characterizing the coated wood using contact angle measurements, SEM, EDX, XRD and ATR-IR spectroscopy. The goal is to develop a sustainable method for protecting wood from degradation using a natural material.

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    The document is a thesis submitted by Angelica Omos to Adamson University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry. The thesis investigates synthesizing superhydrophobic calcium carbonate particles derived from waste eggshells to protect wood substrates from degradation. Key points include using waste eggshells to produce functionalized calcium carbonate powder, optimizing the powder with oleic acid and polystyrene coatings, applying the powder as a coating on wood, and characterizing the coated wood using contact angle measurements, SEM, EDX, XRD and ATR-IR spectroscopy. The goal is to develop a sustainable method for protecting wood from degradation using a natural material.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views8 pages

    First Part

    Uploaded by

    Ange1196
    The document is a thesis submitted by Angelica Omos to Adamson University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry. The thesis investigates synthesizing superhydrophobic calcium carbonate particles derived from waste eggshells to protect wood substrates from degradation. Key points include using waste eggshells to produce functionalized calcium carbonate powder, optimizing the powder with oleic acid and polystyrene coatings, applying the powder as a coating on wood, and characterizing the coated wood using contact angle measurements, SEM, EDX, XRD and ATR-IR spectroscopy. The goal is to develop a sustainable method for protecting wood from degradation using a natural material.

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    of 8

    ADAMSON UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT i

    SYNTHESIS OF SUPERHYDROPHOBIC CALCIUM CARBONATE


    PARTICLES DERIVED FROM WASTE EGGSHELL FOR ANTI-
    DEGRADATION OF WOOD SUBSTRATE

    A Thesis Submitted to the


    Faculty of the Chemistry Department of
    Adamson University

    In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements


    for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemistry

    ANGELICA OMOS
    2018
    ADAMSON UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT ii

    APPROVAL SHEET

    The faculty of the Department of Chemistry of Adamson University

    accepts this thesis entitled:

    SYNTHESIS OF SUPERHYDROPHOBIC CALCIUM CARBONATE

    PARTICLES DERIVED FROM WASTE EGGSHELL FOR ANTI-

    DEGRADATION OF WOOD SUBSTRATE

    Prepared and submitted by ANGELICA A. OMOS in partial fulfillment of the

    requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemistry.

    MR. FRANCIS M. DELA ROSA, R. Ch., M.Sc

    Research Adviser

    MR. FRANKLIN V. AMANDY, R.h., M.Sc

    Chairperson

    Chemistry Department
    ADAMSON UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT iii
    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Title Page i

    Endorsement Letter ii

    Table of Contents iii

    List of Figures vii

    List of Tables ix

    Definition of Terms x

    CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

    1.1 Background of the Study 1

    1.2 Objectives of the Study 3

    1.3 Significance of the Study 4

    1.4 Scope and Limitations 5

    Definition of Terms 6

    CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

    2.1 Protection and preservation of Wood against degradation 9

    2.1.1. William Dampier’s Ship 9

    2.1.2. Mary Rose Warship 10

    2.2. Protection for Wood substrates 11

    2.2.1. Natural Wood Sealer 12

    2.2.2. Preservatives 12
    ADAMSON UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT iv

    2.3 Superhydrophobic Surfaces 12

    2.3.1 Roughening a low surface material 13

    2.3.1.1 Silica-based 13

    2.3.1.1.1 Flourinated Silica 13

    2.3.1.1.2 Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 14


    2.3.1.1.3 Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)
    15

    2.3.1.1.4 Perfluoroalkyltriethoxysilane (POTS)


    16

    2.3.1.2 Inorganic-organic Materials


    17
    2.3.1.2.1 ZnO/ Polystyrene

    17

    2.3.1.2.2 CNT 17
    2.3.2. Modifying of rough substrate with a low surface
    energy material
    18

    2.3.2.1 Sol-gel processing 18

    2.3.2.1.1 Sol-gel foams 18

    2.3.2.2 Etching and Lithography 19


    2.3.2.2.1 Electron Beam Lithography and Plasma

    Etching
    19

    2.4 Materials 19

    2.4.1 Calcium Carbonate 19

    2.4.1.1Physical Properties 20

    2.4.1.2 Chemical Properties 20


    ADAMSON UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT v

    2.4.1.3 Calcium Carbonate from waste egg shells 21


    2.4.1.3.1 Synthetic Technique
    21
    2.4.1.3.1.1 Precipitation
    21
    2.4.1.3.1.2 Sonochemical Process
    21
    2.4.1.3.1.3 Top-Down Process

    22
    2.4.1.4 Calcium Carbonate from Biogenic Sources
    23
    2.4.1.4.1 Mussel Shells
    23
    2.4.1.4.2 Oyster Shells
    24
    2.4.1.4.3 Egg Shells
    24
    2.4.2 Polystyrene
    25
    2.4.2.1 Polystyrene Thin Films
    26
    2.4.2.2 Silicon Dioxide Polystyrene
    27
    2.5 Fatty Acid
    28
    2.5.1 Oleic Acid
    28
    2.5.2 Stearic Acid
    28
    2.6 Application Superhydrophobic Surfaces
    28
    2.6.1 Paper
    28
    2.6.2 Wood
    29
    2.7 Characterization
    30
    2.7.1 X-ray Diffraction
    30
    ADAMSON UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT vi
    2.7.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy
    31
    2.7.3 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
    32
    2.7.4 Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX or EDS)
    34
    2.7.5 Contact Angle Measurements
    35

    CHAPTER 3: PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

    3.1. Materials and Reagents 38

    3.2 Preparation of the Functionalized CaCO3 Powder 38

    from Waste Eggshell and from AR Grade Reagents

    3.3. Optimization of the Functionalized CaCO3 by 39

    Fatty Acid Loading using Oleic acid


    Preparation of CaCO3 coating on the wood surface
    3.4 39

    3.5 Optimization of the Wood by Polystyrene loading 40

    3.6 Contact angle measurement 40

    3.7 Instrumentation 43

    3.7.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and 43

    Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) 43

    3.7.2 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)


    3.7.3 Attenuated Total Reflectance-Infrared Spectroscopy
    (ATR-IR) 44

    References 45

    Curriculum Vitae 53

    Budget Proposal 55

    Gantt Chart 57

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