Sads

SADS
Version 11.0
Gold Sun
January 2009
I SADS
Table of Contents
Foreword 0
Part I Overview 6
1 Introduction
................................................................................................................................... 6
2 What's new
...................................................................................................................................
in version 10.0 7
3 System requirement
................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Installation
................................................................................................................................... 7
5 Uninstallation
................................................................................................................................... 12
Part II How to use SADS 16

1 Window Components
................................................................................................................................... 16
2 Common...................................................................................................................................
Buttons 17
3 Main Window
................................................................................................................................... 18
4 Windows...................................................................................................................................
Size 20
Part III Getting Start 20

1 Intergration
...................................................................................................................................
in SADS 20
2 Limitation
................................................................................................................................... 22
3 Import Memo
................................................................................................................................... 22
4 Permissions
...................................................................................................................................
for Windows Users 23
Part IV File Command 26

1 Open Project
...................................................................................................................................
Command 26
2 Change Folder
...................................................................................................................................
Command 28
3 View File...................................................................................................................................
Command 29
4 Page Setup
...................................................................................................................................
Command 31
5 Print Setup
...................................................................................................................................
Command 31
6 Pre-defined
...................................................................................................................................
keyword Command 32
7 Set Range
...................................................................................................................................
Checking Command 32
Part V System Command 33

1 About System
...................................................................................................................................
Command 33
2 Master Data
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 33
About Master
.........................................................................................................................................................
Data 33
General Page
......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Stresses Page
......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Slab (1) Page
......................................................................................................................................................... 37
Slab (2) Page
......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Beam (1) .........................................................................................................................................................
Page 39
Beam (2) .........................................................................................................................................................
Page 40
©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

Contents II
Column Page
......................................................................................................................................................... 42
Wall Page......................................................................................................................................................... 44
Lintel Page
......................................................................................................................................................... 45
Joint Page......................................................................................................................................................... 47
PNAP 173.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 48
Load Page ......................................................................................................................................................... 50
Save Page ......................................................................................................................................................... 51
3 Concrete...................................................................................................................................
Grade Sub-command 51
4 Batch Code
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 52
5 Floor Data
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 53
6 Drawing ...................................................................................................................................
Setup Sub-command 54
7 Import Data
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 56
8 Export Data
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 57
9 Backup Data
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 57
10 Restore Data
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 58
Part VI Slab Command 59

1 About Slab
...................................................................................................................................
Command 59
2 Maintain ...................................................................................................................................
Slab Data Sub-command 60
3 Slab Global
...................................................................................................................................
Change Sub-command 62
Slab Global
.........................................................................................................................................................
Change 62
Slab Batch
.........................................................................................................................................................
Copy 64
Slab Batch
.........................................................................................................................................................
Delete 65
4 Print Slab...................................................................................................................................
Reports Sub-commad 65
5 Validate Slab
...................................................................................................................................
Data Sub-command 67
6 Design Slab
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 67
Part VII Beam Command 68

1 About Beam
...................................................................................................................................
Command 68
2 Maintain ...................................................................................................................................
Batch Data Sub-command 69
3 Maintain ...................................................................................................................................
Beam Data Sub-command 73
4 Beam Global
...................................................................................................................................
Change Sub-command 76
Beam Global
.........................................................................................................................................................
Change 76
Beam Batch
.........................................................................................................................................................
Copy 77
Beam Batch
.........................................................................................................................................................
Delete 78
5 Print Beam
...................................................................................................................................
Reports Sub-command 78
6 Enter Beam
...................................................................................................................................
Forces Sub-command 80
Enter Beam
.........................................................................................................................................................
Vertical Load 80
Enter Beam
.........................................................................................................................................................
Lateral Load 81
7 Validate Beam
...................................................................................................................................
Data Sub-command 82
8 Beam Design
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 83
9 Edit Beam
...................................................................................................................................
Sketch Sub-command 84
Edit Beam.........................................................................................................................................................
Sketch 84
Edit Longitudinal
.........................................................................................................................................................
Bar 86
Edit Stirrup
.........................................................................................................................................................
Bar 87
?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

III SADS
Edit Bar Layout

......................................................................................................................................................... 88
10 Moment and
...................................................................................................................................
Shear Envelope Sub-command 89
Part VIII Column Command 91

1 About Column
...................................................................................................................................
Command 91
2 Maintain ...................................................................................................................................
Column Data Sub-command 91
3 Print Column
...................................................................................................................................
Report Sub-command 94
4 Enter Column
...................................................................................................................................
Enter Column
.........................................................................................................................................................
Vertical Load 95
Enter Column
.........................................................................................................................................................
Un-balance Moment 97
Enter Column
.........................................................................................................................................................
Additional Load 98
Enter Column
.........................................................................................................................................................
Lateral Load 99
5 Validate Column
...................................................................................................................................
Data Sub-command 99
6 Take Column
...................................................................................................................................
Loding Sub-command 100
7 Design Column
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 101
8 Edit Column
...................................................................................................................................
Bar Sub-command 103
9 Column...................................................................................................................................
Loading Plane Sub-command 104
Part IX Beam-column Joint Command 107

1 About Beam-column
...................................................................................................................................
Joint Command 107
2 Change...................................................................................................................................
Joint Data Sub-command 108
3 Enter Joint
...................................................................................................................................
4 Design Joint
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 111
5 Edit Joint
...................................................................................................................................
Bars Sub-command 112
Part X Analysis Command 113

1 About Analysis
................................................................................................................................... 113
2 Generate
...................................................................................................................................
SADS Data Sub-command 113
Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 113
Recommendation
......................................................................................................................................................... 114
Functions.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 116
Material .........................................................................................................................................................
Page 118
Floor Map.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 119
Batch Map.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 120
Line Map.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 121
Pier Map.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 122
Bay Map.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 123
Area Map .........................................................................................................................................................
Page 124
Generating
.........................................................................................................................................................
Data 125
3 Link ETABS
...................................................................................................................................
Data Sub-command 125
Overview......................................................................................................................................................... 125
Functions
.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 126
Load Map.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 128
Floor Map
.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 129
Line Map.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 129
Pier Map.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 130
Panel Map
.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 132

Contents IV
Bay Map.........................................................................................................................................................
Page 132
Processing
......................................................................................................................................................... 134
4 Display ...................................................................................................................................
Framing Plan 135
Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 135
Configurating
.........................................................................................................................................................
Framing Plan 135
Printing .........................................................................................................................................................
Framing Plan 137
Selecting.........................................................................................................................................................
Beam and Column 137
Handling.........................................................................................................................................................
Framing Plan 137
Display Options
......................................................................................................................................................... 138
Colors in.........................................................................................................................................................
Framing Plan 138
Function.........................................................................................................................................................
Buttons 138
Selecting.........................................................................................................................................................
Framing Plan 139
Editing Marks
.........................................................................................................................................................
on Framing Plan 139
5 Map File................................................................................................................................... 143
6 Custom...................................................................................................................................
Import Forces Sub-command 144
7 ASCII File
...................................................................................................................................
for Custom Import 145
8 Clear Lateral
...................................................................................................................................
Load Sub-command 146
Part XI Wall Command 147

1 About Wall
...................................................................................................................................
Command 147
2 Maintain...................................................................................................................................
Wall Data Sub-command 147
Maintain.........................................................................................................................................................
Wall Data 147
Maintain.........................................................................................................................................................
Wall Section 150
Maintain.........................................................................................................................................................
Wall Load 152
3 Print Wall
...................................................................................................................................
4 Enter Wall
...................................................................................................................................
Enter Wall
.........................................................................................................................................................
Vertical Load 154
Enter Wall
.........................................................................................................................................................
Local Moment 156
Enter Wall
.........................................................................................................................................................
Lateralal Load 157
5 Validate...................................................................................................................................
Wall Data Sub-command 157
6 Wall Section
...................................................................................................................................
Properties Sub-command 158
7 Take Wall
...................................................................................................................................
Loading Sub-command 159
8 Design Wall
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 160
9 Edit Wall
...................................................................................................................................
Bar Sub-command 162
10 Wall Force
...................................................................................................................................
and Moment Sub-command 163
11 Wall Loading
...................................................................................................................................
Plane Sub-command 164
Part XII Lintel Beam Command 165

1 About Lintel
...................................................................................................................................
Beam Command 165
2 Maintain...................................................................................................................................
Lintel Data Sub-command 166
Maintain.........................................................................................................................................................
Lintel Beam Data(Classical) 166
Maintain.........................................................................................................................................................
Lintel Beam Data(3 Dimension) 168
Maintain.........................................................................................................................................................
Lintel Beam Load 168
3 Print Lintel
...................................................................................................................................
4 Enter Lintel
...................................................................................................................................
Enter Lintel
.........................................................................................................................................................
Beam Vertical Load 171

V SADS
Enter Lintel
.........................................................................................................................................................
Beam Lateral Load 172
5 Validate...................................................................................................................................
Lintel Data Sub-command 172
6 Design Lintel
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 173
7 Edit Lintel
...................................................................................................................................
Bar Sub-command 174
Part XIII Miscellaneous Command 176

1 About Miscellaneous
...................................................................................................................................
Command 176
2 Wind Analysis
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 176
3 Wind Load
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 178
4 Water Tank
...................................................................................................................................
and Screen Wall Sub-command 179
5 Corbel Design
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 181
6 Print Description
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 182
7 Core Programs
...................................................................................................................................
Sub-command 183
Index 185

Overview 6
1 Overview
1.1 Introduction
SADS, the Structural Analysis and Design System, is a knowledge-based expert system which
performs the calculations of reinforced concrete buildings in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia
environment and has been used in Hong Kong for more than 20 years.
Since SADS came out, it has been constantly improved and upgraded, according to the actual
encountered problems we met and the comments of structural and computer professional experts.
Therefore, it is no doubt that SADS is a proven professional software package in Hong Kong.
SADS calculates the reinforced concrete by matching information the user provided with
information contained in SADS databases. The user provides the value of structural requirement
about the building and SADS provides the optimization calculation technique, then SADS combines
these two sources of information to calculate the reinforced concrete in the buildings.
The calculation of SADS is based on the following practice codes:
1. Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004.(Hong Kong)

2. Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong - 2004.
SADS adopts a database system to integrate all the data which are supplied by the user and the
intermediate results which are obtained from SADS as a whole database. This database can be
used in any module inside SADS whenever they need and can be retrieved automatically by each
module wherever required. The user does not need to repeat the executions of inputting data in
each module of SADS, hence the preparation time is shortened and the risk of making mistakes in
the repetitions of inputting data is eliminated.
SADS provides the "validate" function in the corresponding module, to assist the user easily find
out the inputting data is correct or not.
SADS enables the user to view graphically about the beam sketch, column section, wall section,
frame sketch, etc., to show whether the results of the data provided by the user is accurate and
allows the user to edit the reinforced bar for some requirements.
SADS provides the whole solution of the calculation of reinforced concrete inside the building, all
computer output like reports, calculation results and graphical presentations are designed to fit
Hong Kong and Singapore practical environment.
SADS allows the user to modify all the existing data. If the architectural plan and loading of the
building are changed for some requirement, the user simply makes the corresponding changes,
SADS can retrieve all the new amended data combines with the old input data accurately to
calculate the new reinforced concrete of the building.
SADS provides the ETABS interface program to meet the user's needs, the user may use the input
data in SADS to generate ETABS input file and use the output file of ETABS to update the forces
of beams, columns and walls inside SADS.
SADS had a series of drawing interface programs -- BDIP, CDIP and SDIP, they are tailor-made
for SADS, to assist the SADS user accomplish the beam drawing, column drawing and slab
drawing, that turns your SADS into a powerful tool for your business.

7 SADS
1.2 What's new in version 10.0

1. A new data generator command are added. You may use this command to generate SADS
data based on ETABS input / output files.
2. The linking of ETABS application is totally re-designed. SADS retrieves information from
ETABS mdb output as much as possible to minimize the working time of users.
3. Users may select multiple concrete cover of beam section and input bottom cover, top cover
and side cover to a beam section.
4. Users may select the value of concrete cover is measured to main bar or measured to stirrup.
5. The value of d2 is used to calculate the effective depth of beam section. In this version, user may
select 3 different method to calculate the value of d2, by preferred bar diameter, by layer
number and by actual bar area.
6. Add print function to Beam Envelop sub-command. You can print the moment and shear
envelop curves to printer.
7. Separate the concrete grades of column and wall in floor data for more flexibility.
1.3 System requirement

SADS is designed to operate on a stand-alone personal computer, to run SADS you will need:
- IBM or compatible personal computer.
- Pentium 4, 2 GHz or higher is recommended for maximum performance.
- 256 MB RAM or higher is recommended.
- Super VGA 800 x 600 graphic adapter or higher is recommended.
- 100 MB of free hard disk space for program and data file.
- Windows 98, Windows ME, Window NT, Windows 2000 or Windows XP.
1.4 Installation
SADS is distributed on CD-ROM. The procedures of installation are described as below.
1. From Start Menu, select Run to display a dialog box as below.
If your CD-ROM driver ID is D:, type d:\sadssetup onto Open edit box, then click OK button to
run installation program.
2. The Welcome dialog box is displayed first. Click on Next button to continue.

Overview 8
3. The next dialog box is Choose Destination Location dialog box.
You may specify the folder where you wish to be installed. The default destination folder is
C:\Program Files\Gold Sun\SADS9. If you accept the default destination folder, click on the Next
button to continue. Otherwise, you may click on the Browse button to display Select
Destination Directory dialog box.

9 SADS
You can select or type in a new folder and click OK button. You will be returned to previous
dialog box Choose Destination Location and the folder that you selected will be appear in the
Destination Folder group box. Click on Next button to continue.
4. If you already have SADS installed on your computer under the same folder you have
specified for installation, you will be prompted with dialog box as below.
The dialog box asks you if you are interested in creating backup files of files that will be replaced
during the installation. If you have any data that you have created, added or amended and you
don't want to lose them, you should choose Yes. After making your selection click Next button
to continue.
5. Choose the optional files you want to install using dialog box shown below.

Overview 10
For the first time installation, you should choose both Project Data Files and System Files. Click
on Next button to continue.
6. You may choose the program manager group in following dialog box. The default group is
"The Structural Analysis and Design System". Click Next button to continue.
6. The installation program will prompt with the Start Installation dialog box as below.

11 SADS
You may click the Back button to go back to any of previous dialog box and change the
selection you have made. If everything is OK, click Next button to start installation.
7. When the installation is complete, the Installation Complete dialog will appear.
Click on Finish button to return to Windows Desk top. A small dialog box will be displayed.

Overview 12
You may click OK button to restart the Windows. If you want to install BDIP, CDIP and SDIP to
the same computer also, you may click the Cancel button. You can click OK button when all
modules are installed.
1.5 Uninstallation
To uninstall SADS, you need to choose Start|Setting|Control Panel to display the Control Panel
window.
Click on the Add/Remove Programs icon, You will be prompted with Add/Remove Program
Properties dialog box.

13 SADS
From Install/Uninstall page, highlight The Structural Analysis and Design System and click on
Add/Remove button, the Select Uninstall Method dialog box will be displayed as below.
Select the Automatic uninstall method if you want to remove all SADS program files, system files
and sample project data files that you installed by installation program; otherwise, you can use the

Overview 14
Custom uninstall method and select only the files that you would like to remove. Click on Next
button to continue.
From the Perform Rollback dialog box, You can select Yes to reinstall SADS older version that
keep in backup files.
Click on Next button, the last dialog box will be display as below.

15 SADS
You may click the Back button to go back to any of previous dialog box and change the selection
you have made. If everything is OK, click Finish button to start uninstallation.

How to use SADS 16
2 How to use SADS

2.1 Window Components
The window components are used to perform certain task. The components shown in following
window are used widely in SADS.
Menu Bar - It is located at the top of window. It displays the menu name, when you click on it, a
drop down menu that contains several menu items is displayed. If you choose one of the menu
item, SADS will perform a certain command or display drop down sub-menu that contains sub-
menu items. If you select one of sub-menu item, SADS will perform a certain sub-command.
Button Bar - It is located under Menu Bar. It is a graphic representation. There are many buttons
on it. The functions of these buttons are the same as menu items or sub-menu items, they provide
one of the easiest ways to start or open the task.
List Box - It is use to display the mark and/or other field of existing data. You may click a line to
retrieve the data record and display the data to another window components. The list box is not
editable, except there is button below the list box. If so, you may click this button to display a
resizable window that contain all marks in the list box. You may drag any mark in the window and
drop to any new position in the window to rearrange the order of marks.
Group Box - The component is use to group the related components in a window. It has a caption
on top left border.
Edit Box - The component is use to display or edit data. There are 3 types of edit box:
1. String edit box that can display or edit alpha numerical characters.
2. Float edit box that can display or edit floating point number.
3. Integer edit box that can display or edit integer number only.

17 SADS
Spinner - You may use it to enter and control certain range of integer number.
Combo Box - When you click the arrow button at the right of the box, the component will display a
drop down list box, You may select an item from the list to provide data to SADS.
Check Box - The component is use to select a binary decision like yes/no, true/false. Click the
component to change it's status: check and uncheck.
Radio Buttons - The component can perform multiple choice selections. Click on one of radio
button to select the option.
Grid Box - The component consists a set of rows and columns that define cells at each
intersection of those rows and columns. A row contains a data record and a column is a field
record. The column (field) can be edit box, combo box or check box. You may edit the data in each
cell to maintain database of SADS. The first column and first row have gray surface and are not
editable. It is named as fixed column and fixed row. if you click the fixed column of a grid box and
see the arrow cursor is changed to arrow with a bar, you may use drag and drop to move the row.
The procedures are:
1. Move the cursor to the row that you want to move.
2. Hold down the mouse left button.
3. Drag to a new position in the grid box.
4. Release the mouse button.
The row you drag will be moved just before the new row.
Button - At lower part of SADS window, there are several buttons with graphical image and
caption. You may click on these buttons to perform certain operation.
Status Bar - The component is located at the bottom of windows. There are 3 panel on the bar.
The left panel is use to display the project code, the middle panel is use to display the design
method and the right panel is use to display other information.
Incremental Search - SADS affords the Incremental Search in some Combo Box and List Box
components (such as "batch", "beam mark") insides the windows to help the users search the
desired batch and mark of the project.
You may focus the existing Combo Box or List Box and type the letter of the subject you wish, the
letter you type is case sensitive. After you typed, you will see the status bar display the letter, at the
same time the desired subject will display at the Combo Box or the List Box.
You may use mouse to operate all component inside the window. Or you may use the "Tab" key to
move from one component to other component, use "Enter" key or "Arrow" key to move from cell
to cell inside the Grid.
2.2 Common Buttons

The following buttons are commonly used in SADS windows and perform similar operations.
- Click it to start the operation and close the active window.
- Click it to cancel or ignore the operation and close the active window.
- Click it to prepare a new record at sorted position.
- Click it to append a new record at the end of table.
- Click it to insert a new record at the current record position, i.e. at highlighted row of
Mark at the list box.

How to use SADS 18
- Click it to delete the current data record. SADS will prompt you with a dialog box to
confirm that you are sure to delete the data record.
- Click it to copy the current data record. SADS will prompt you with dialog box to ask
you where the data to be copied to.
- Click it to save the data record that you have changed.
- Click it to ignore the changes you have made and restore the original data record
from database. SADS is always save data when you move to another data record
or close the active window automatically. So, if you want to ignore the changes you
made, you must click the button before doing the other operations.
- Click it to perform calculation and display or print calculation sheets for your
reference or submission to B.D.
- Click it to print or plot selected print jobs to printer or file.
- Click it to fill all available print jobs to print jobs grid box.
- Click it to delete a highlighted print job for print jobs grid box.
- Click it to blank the print jobs grid box.
- Click it to re-generate mapping data.
- Click it to save the data record that you have changed and close the active window.
2.3 Main Window

As you launch SADS, the first screen you see is the Main Window, it included three portions of
content, first is the current project title, second is the Menu that helps you to do some procedure
and the third is the button bar. The overview of this window shown as below.
Main window
On the first portion of main window listed the project titles which have been previously created.
SADS has previously been created and named the project title as "This is a testing data". SADS
always shows the project title that you previously working on, if you want to change the project, you
can choose Open Project command of the File menu.
The second portion of main window is the menu ar , it listed the menus of SADS. It include File
menu, Module menu and Help menu. The File menu is use to create project, change SADS folder
and contain the common features on operating SADS, such as view the print files, setup printer,
pre-define key words and default range values of various tasks. The Module menu provides
specific function that enable you to perform difference tasks of calculations, such as calculation of
beams, slabs, columns etc... The usage of above menu will be briefly discuss in the button bar
portion. The Help menu is one of the features of window.
The third portion of main window is the button ar , it contains a series of buttons. You may use
button to execute menu bar commands that name appears on the button.

19 SADS
There are 3 groups of button bar in this portion:
File Menu Button Bar: It appears at the left side and contains following buttons:
- Open project button is use to select project that you want to working on, create a new
project name, delete or amend the existing project name.
- Change folder button is use to define the folders of SADS system data, project data
and user's data.
- View file button is use to view the print files of SADS. Wherever you select "Print to file"
in the "Print Mode" of all command window of SADS, SADS will save the result into a
temporary file and enable you to view the result in this command.
- Pre-define keyword button is use to define some words that will assist you decrease the
repetition of typing those words in inputting data.
- Exit application button is use to terminate all project and exit SADS.
Module Menu Button Bar: It appears at the middle portion and contains following buttons:
- System command button: This command allows you to provide customize general data,
and enables you to use the fundamental function as you execute SADS.
- Slab command button: This command allows you to provide the data of the slabs in the
building and accomplish the calculations of the slabs by using the related sub-
command which listed inside.
- Beam command button: This command provides a series of programs enables you to
inputting data, amend data, validate data, generate beam sketch and calculate the
reinforcement of beams.
- Column command button: Column command enables you to accomplish the calculation
of the column.
- Beam-column Joint command button: In this command, you may calculate, edit and
print design reports for submission.
- Analysis command button: In this command, Using this command, you may generate
SADS data based on the output files of ETABS. Also, you may create the linking
between SADS and ETABS for importing shears, moments and axial forces from
ETABS to SADS database.
- Wall command button: This command allows you to calculate the reinforced concrete of
core wall and shear wall. The related sub-command conduct the procedure from
inputting data through calculating the reinforced concrete.
- Lintel command button: This command allows you to accomplish the calculation about
the lintel beams in the building.
- Miscellaneous command button: This command allows you to perform the calculation of
force coefficient, wind load, screen wall, corbel, etc.
Sub-command Button Bar: It appears at the right side, buttons are change to display sub-
command that are applicable for execute menu commands.

How to use SADS 20
2.4 Windows Size

SADS provides two kinds of window: sizable window and fixed size window.
The sizable window is displayed as below. You will find that the right bottom corner is marked with
diagonal lines.
The fixed size window is displayed as below. There is no any mark on the window.
If you want to change the sizes of the sizable window, you can drag the edges or corners of the
window. SADS will then display the new size of the window that you want for display more data as
you like. Next time when you open this window SADS will remember the new size that you changed
and display it.
3 Getting Start
3.1 Intergration in SADS
Now you already understand how SADS is structured. You are ready to use SADS. Familiarity with
the following chapters and topics of the manual will be helpful in working with SADS. If you have
used the earlier versions of SADS, you may not need to read this manual straight through, consult
the table of contents to learn how to use the appropriate topic.
Since SADS is an integrated computer software, it is very important to keep the causal relation
about the modules in order to operate properly. We suggest you follow the procedures listed below
to complete a whole project.
1. The first thing you do is to create a new project name, you may use the
Open roject ommand of the File menu to provide the new job name.
2. Use Master ata ub-command of the System in Module menu to customize your project.
3. Use Concrete rade ub-command of the System in Module menu to provide the stresses
and elastic module of concrete that will be used in the project.
4. Use Wind nalysis ub-command of the Miscellaneous in Module menu to get result of
force coefficient of the building. Continuing with Wind oad ub-command of the
Miscellaneous in Module menu to calculate the wind loads at each floor level. At that point, you
may supply the elevation data of whole building if you wish to use three dimensional analysis or
supply elevation data of bent if you wish to use analysis by bent.
5. If you have ETABS mdb output file, use the Generator SADS Data Sub-command of the
Analysis in Module menu to map TABS ata and generate ADS ata from ETABS mdb
output data. If your mdb file includes complete information, you may do nothing or do a little work
in following procedure 7 to 15.
6. Use Batch ode ub-command of the System in Module menu to provide the information of
batch that will be used by slab data and beam data.

21 SADS
7. Use Floor ata ub-command of the System in Module menu to provide the floor
information of the building.
8. Use Maintain lab ata ub-command of the Slab in Module menu to supply the slab
data, use Validate lab ata ub-command of the Slab in Module menu to verify the data
you entered and use Design lab ub-command of the Slab in Module menu to pre-design
slab data until the thickness of all slabs are okay!
9. Use Maintain atch ata ub-command of the System in Module menu to enter batch
data and associated beam data, then use Maintain eam ata ub-command of the Beam in
Module menu to enter beam data.
10. Use Maintain olumn ata ub-command of the Column in Module menu to provide the
column data.
11. Use Validate eam ata ub-command of the Beam in Module menu to validate beams
data and use Validate olumn ata ub-command of the Column in Module menu to
validate columns data. Meanwhile, you must correct the data according with the error messages
given by SADS.
12. Use Maintain Maintain all ata ub-command of the Wall in Module menu to supply
wall data, wall loads and wall sections.
13. Use Validate all ata ub-command of the Wall in Module menu to validate the wall
data and use Wall ection roperties ub-command to calculate the section properties of
wall sections.
14. Use Maintain intel ata ub-command of the Lintel Beam in Module menu to supply
lintel beam data, use Validate intel ata ub-command to check the data you entered.
15. Use map function in Link TABS ata ub-command of the Analysis in Module menu to
map between SADS data and ETABS data.
16. Use process function in Link TABS ata ub-command of the Analysis in Module menu
to use import the forces of beams, columns and walls from mdb output file of ETABS.
17. Use Design eam ub-command of the Beam in Module menu and select pre-design
option to make sure the beam section is all right to against bending moment and shear, and
calculate the fixed end moment and support shear. If you have been adjust the beam section
after doing pre-design, you should repeat step 8 to step 18.
18. Use Take olumn oading ub-command of the Column in Module menu to accumulate
beam loads and columns own weight, use Design olumn ub-command of the Column in
Module menu to confirm the section of columns is not over maximum permissible ratio and to
generate reinforced bar of columns at the mean time. Same as beams, if you have been adjust
column's section after doing pre-design of columns, you must repeat step 8 to step 18.
19. Use Take all oading ub-command of the Wall in Module menu to accumulate labs
loads, beam loads and wall own weight, use Design all ub-command of the Wall in Module
menu to confirm the reinforced ratio of walls is less than maximum permissible ratio. If you have
been adjust wall sections after doing pre-design, you must repeat step 8 to step 18 to recalculate
all related value.
20. Use Maintain intel ata ub-command of the Lintel Beam in Module menu to supply
lintel beam data, use Validate intel ata ub-command to check the data you entered and
use Design intel eam ub-command to pre-design lintel beam. If the reinforced ratio of
lintel beam is over maximum permissible ratio, you should adjust lintel beam section and do pre-
design again until it was okay.

Getting Start 22
21. If you have adjusted sections in procedure 17 to 20, you should use process function in
Link TABS ata ub-command of the Analysis in Module menu to update the ETABS e2k
input file. You should run ETABS application to get a new mdb output file and repeat the
procedure 16 to 20 until all sections are okey.
22. Edit the bar information of beam, column, beam-column joint, wall and lintel to meet your
requirements.
23. Design all elements of the structure for the submission to B.D. Use the Slab, Beam, Column,
Beam-Column Joint, Wall, Lintel Beam, Screen Wall, Tank Wall and Corbel design sub-
command in the corresponding commands for above purposes.
3.2 Limitation
The limitation of SADS 11 are listed as below.
Maximum character number of batch code 4

Maximum number of concrete grade 25
Maximum number of floor 100
Maximum character number of slab mark 10
Maximum slab number in project No limit
Maximum character number of beam mark 10
Maximum beam number in project No limit
Maximum beam number in batch No limit
Maximum batch number in project 25
Maximum span number of continuous beam 21
Maximum load number of beam 40
Maximum associated beam in a girder 10
Maximum character number of column mark 8
Maximum column number in project No limit
Maximum connected beam to column 8
Maximum character number of wall mark 8
Maximum wall number in project No limit
Maximum load number of wall in a floor 250
Maximum element number of wall section 200
Maximum character number of lintel mark 8
Maximum lintel number in project No limit
Maximum load number of lintel beam 20
Maximum character number of corbel mark 10
Maximum load number of corbel 8
Maximum character number of wind load 10
Maximum bay number of wind load data 30
Maximum line in ETABS frame 1999
Maximum column in ETABS frame 350
Maximum bay number in ETABS frame 900
Maximum area number in ETABS 1500
3.3 Import Memo

1. When SADS is in progress, the computer should never be turned off or re-boot by any means
especially when you are inputting data. If so, the data files can be damaged.
2. Every data processing system runs at the risk of partial or total loss of data due to power failure,
hardware breaks down and human error. So, after you have input certain amount of data, we
highly recommend you to backup all your data files. You may use Backup ata ub-
command and Restore ata ub-command to back and restore your project data easily.

23 SADS
3.4 Permissions for Windows Users

If you have installed SADS to Windows 2000 or Windows XP Professional and you don't assign
your end users as administrator, you must set the necessary permissions for your end users.
Folder Permission: There are 3 folders in SADS, you need to set the permissions for your end
users. The permissions should be set as below:
System Data Folder - Read only.
Project List Folder - Full control.
User Access Folder - Full control.
BDE Folder - Full control. Usually, the BDE folder is located at c:\program
files\borland\command files\BDE.
You may follow the procedures as below to set the permissions of the folders:
Click the My Computer icon on your Desktop and find the Project List Folder.
Right click the folder icon and select the Properties item.
On Folder Properties dialog box, click the Security Tab, the dialog box will be displayed as
below;
If the your end users already exist in the Group or user names list box, you may highlight that
name and change the permissions for your end users to Full Control, then click OK button. If
you cannot find the name of your end users in the list box, you may click the Add button to
display the following dialog box.

Getting Start 24
Enter the name of your end user and click OK button to add your end user to the group and
return to above dialog box. You should highlight the new added user name and change the
permission to Full Control. Click OK button to close the above dialog box.
Repeat procedures listed above to set other 2 folders.
Registry Key Permission: SADS uses registry keys in Windows to control the program
processing. In Windows 2000 or Windows XP Professional. The following registry keys must be set
to "full control" permission for you end users who do not be assigned as administrator.
HKEY_USER\.DEFAULT\Software\SADS;
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Borland.
You may follow the procedures as below to set the permissions of registry keys:
Click Start button on Desktop, select Run command, type REGEDIT to the edit box, and then
click OK button to run the Registry Editor. Select HKEY_USERS on Local Machine window and
click .DEFAULT key, and then click Software key.

25 SADS
Highlight the SADS10 item, right click the mouse and select Permission menu, the following
dialog box will be displayed.

Getting Start 26
If the name of your end users is already exist in the list box, you may highlight that group name
and change the permissions for your end users to Full Control, and then click OK button. If you
cannot find the your end user name in the list box, you may click the Add button, same as the
folder permission, to add your end users to the list box, and change the permissions for your
end users to Full Control to full control permission, then click OK button.
Repeat procedures listed above to set other registry.
4 File Command
4.1 Open Project Command
When you start working on SADS, SADS will open the project that last time you processed. You
may go through the procedure of the tasks or create a new project.
If you want to change the project, you may choose Open Project from File menu or click
button on File enu utton ar , SADS displays Open Project as below.

27 SADS
There is a listing of all projects that you created previously. SADS allows user to initiate them one
at a time by using the buttons at the lower part of the window.
If you want to select another project, highlight that project and click Select button, or double click
that project to advance to the desired project. If you want to add a new one or edit the existing one
click New or Edit button, SADS will display project data window as below. You may input the
information of new project or change the information of the existing project. If you want to remove
the existing one click Remove button, SADS will pops a dialog box prompt you to confirm, you may
click "Yes" to confirm, then SADS will remove the project from the listing. Otherwise click "No" to
deny it. If you want to get back to previous project, click Cancel button.

File Command 28
Project Code - Enter the alphanumerical up to 8 characters long for the name of folder which store
the data tables of the corresponding project.
Project Name - Enter the alphanumerical up to 40 characters long for the name of the project.
Notes - Enter any comment for the project.
Click OK button to create a new project or change the information of existing project. Click Cancel
button to cancel the operation and close the window.
4.2 Change Folder Command

SADS database tables are stored into 3 folder: project folder, system folder and user folder. The
default folders are defined in installation program. If you wan to change these folders, you may
choose Change Path from File menu or click button on File enu utton ar , SADS will
display the Change Path as below.

29 SADS
System Data Folder: The folder which stores system table that hold system information of SADS.
It can be put to network server and shared by all users. But, it is recommended to put the folder to
local computer for better performance.
Project List Folder: The folder which stores project list table and project data folders that hold
data tables of each project. It is share folder and can be put to network server.
User Access Folder: The folder which stores all temporary tables and files. It is private folder and
must be put to local computer.
AutoCAD Folder: The folder which stores the window version of AutoCAD.
You may click button to browse the existing folders. Click OK button to change the folders or
click Cancel button to keep the original folder.
Note: If these folders is use on network server or on Windows NT work station, the network
administrator should define permission of the folder for the end users.
4.3 View File Command

When you run all the report sub-command, design sub-command or other sub-command that will
perform printing job in SADS, SADS ask you to select the Print Mode options. If you select Print to
File, SADS will create a print file and store in user folder.
When you select View File from the File menu or click button on File enu utton ar ,
SADS will display the latest print file as below.

File Command 30
You may click buttons on the top of window to perform following tasks:
Open Print File button is use to open another print file that was created previously.
Exit button is use to close the view file.
First Page button is use to turn to the first page of the print file.
Previous Page button is use to turn to the previous page of the print file.
Go To Page button allows you to specify the page of print file that you want to view.
Next Page button is use to turn to the next page of the print file.
Last Page button is use to turn to the last page of the print file.
Find Mark button allows you to specify a mark of SADS members and view the page that
contains the mark.
Find Next button is use to find the next mark that you previously specified.
Send the print file to printer.

31 SADS
4.4 Page Setup Command

The Page Setup command is use to customize the layout of all the print out of SADS.
when you choose Page Setup from File menu, SADS will display the Page Setup as below.
Font Name - Click the combo box and select the fixed font name as you wish. SADS retried all
the fixed font names that installed to Windows in the combo box, you may select one of these
fonts for viewing and printing reports in SADS.
Font Size - Click the combo box and select the pixel size of your print out.
Interval - Enter the value (in mm) of interval between rows of printout.
Use Solid Line - Check the check box if your printer can print solid line.
Footer - Check the check box if you wish to print the date on the bottom of the printout paper.
Left Margin - Enter the value (in mm) of the left margin of your printout paper.
Top Margin - Enter the value (in mm) of the top margin of your printout paper.
Bottom Margin - Enter the value (in mm) of the bottom margin of your printout paper.
Default Print Mode - Select the default print ode when you print reports in all commands.
After finish the data input of this command, click Show button to show the effect of font that you
selected, click Print button to print a test page to check the margin, footing, etc., click Ok button to
save it or Cancel button to deny it.
4.5 Print Setup Command

SADS offers several options for printing your report. You can modify these options using this
command.
You can choose Print Setup from File menu to display Printer Setup dialog box. This is one feature
of the Window common dialog boxes. Unlike the other command dialog boxes, however, there is
relatively little interaction between SADS and the dialog box. The dialog boxes are different
according to the type of the printers.

File Command 32
4.6 Pre-defined keyword Command

Pre-defined keyword Command allows you to define key strokes to function key F1 to F10 that will
assist you to decrease the repetition of typing the same words in input data sub-commands.
When you choose Pre-defined Keywords from File menu or click button on
File enu utton ar , SADS will display the Pre-defined Keywords as below.
You may enter up to 8 characters long for each keyword. SADS will save the keywords to user
folder and retrieve these keywords when you open the window next time or for next project. When
you click any string edit box in any input data sub-command, you can press Ctrl and appropriate
function key to copy the keywords to the edit box.
4.7 Set Range Checking Command

In SADS, all the inputting data such as slab data, beam data, column data, wall data, lintel beam
data, wind data, etc.. should have they own minimum value and maximum value for the usage of
range validation. SADS set these default range values in the numerical edit box of correspondence
module menu command (e.g. Slab command, Beam command,etc.). If you want to modify the
default range value of them, enter the edit box then press the function key F9.
For example, if you want to modify the default range value of beam span, you can click the edit box
of beam span in Beam ata ub-command and press F9. A range value dialog box will be
displayed. You may click the edit box and enter the values you want, then click OK button to save
it. The following figure shows the range value dialog box of beam span.
Same as above, if you want to modify the default value of bean width, beam depth or others
numerical edit box of the input data, just click the numerical edit box and press F9 key.

33 SADS
5 System Command
5.1 About System Command
In the System Command of Module Menu, SADS provides a series of Sub-command options allow
you to customize the master data of an individual building, the batch data, the floor data and the
concrete mix. Besides SADS offers the fundamental functions to meet the needs of the users in
execute SADS. The primary options of these functions are page set up, drawing set up, import and
export data.
When you choose System from Module menu, the pull down menu is illustrated as following figure.
Or when you click button of the Module menu button bar, the system sub-command buttons
are display as below.
System Sub-command Buttons.
The Sub-commands are:

1. Mastering Data Sub-command.
2. Concrete stresses Sub-command.
3. Batch Code Sub-command.
4. Floor Data Sub-command.
5. Drawing set up Sub-command.
6. Import Data Sub-command.
7. Export Data Sub-command.
8. Backup Data Sub-command.
9. Restore Data Sub-command.
5.2 Master Data Sub-command

5.2.1 About Master Data
In the Master Data sub-command, SADS allows you to select the method you wish, also SADS
provides the default values that defined in Code of Practice of Hong Kong and gathered the
particular data which going to be shared in input data or calculate data.
When you choose Master Data from System command of Module menu or click button on

System Command 34
Command utton ar then click button on Sub-command utton ar , SADS will display
Master Data as below.
There are 11 pages in the Master Data:

1, General page.
2. Stresses page
3. Slab (1) page.
4. Slab (2) page.
5. Beam (1) page.
6. Beam (2) page.
7. Column page.
8. Wall page.
9. Lintel page.
10. Joint page.
11. Load Page.
12. Save page.
5.2.2 General Page

When you click the General page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the General
page as in the following figure.
Available diameters - Enter the available diameters of steel bars that provide in the market,
according to the ascending sequences of numerical characters.
Concrete Cover - Click the Measure to Main Bar radio button if you define the concrete cover to
be measured to main bar. Click the Measure to Stirrup radio button if the concrete cover is

35 SADS
measured to stirrup.
Marking Beam Section - Click the radio button of Width x Depth if you want to display or print the
beam section by BxD. Click the radio button of Depth x Width if you want to display or print the
beam section by DxB.
Lateral Load Direction - You may define up to 26 directions of wind, dynamic and soil loads. You
should use one upper case character to denote each direction of lateral load.
Position of lateral bending moments - Click the radio button of center of support if you want to
use the built in analysis method of SADS. Click the radio button of edge of support when you use
ETABS.
Options:
Designation of high tensile bar - Click the Combo box and select "Y" or "T".
Density of reinforced concrete - Enter the desired value of reinforced concrete for calculate
the self weight of slab, beam, column, wall and lintel beam of the building.
Consider flange of beam in analysis - Check the check box if you want to consider the
flange effect of the framed beams.
Automatic print description - Check the check box if you want if you want to print the
description of the calculation report of relevant tasks (e.g. beam, slab, wall,etc.).
Print core program name - Check the check box if you want to print the names of core
programs to the header of each printing page.
Print BD reference number - Check the check box if you want to print BD reference numbers
of core programs to the header of each printing page.
Bi-direction of wind and dynamic load - Check the check box if you want each direction of
wind load and dynamic load applies to building in both normal direction and reversed direction.
Enforce PNAP 173 - Check the check box If will to follow the Practice Note for Authorized
Persons and Registered Structural Engineers 173 - PANP 173 of Hong Kong B.D.
Shear Value - If you click Calculate M/L radio button, the shears of beams and columns are
calculated according to formula M/L, click Analysis Output radio button, these shears are taken
from output of analysis program.

System Command 36
5.2.3 Stresses Page

When you click the Stresses page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the Stresses
page of 8110 as in the following figure.
Characteristic Strength;
High tensile steel - Enter the characteristic strength of high tensile steel.
Mild Steel - Enter the characteristic strength of mild steel.
Partial Safety Factor:
For concrete (flexure) - Click the edit box and enter the partial factor of safety applied to the
flexure strength of concrete.
For concrete (shear) - Click the edit box and enter the partial factor of safety applied to the
shear strength of concrete.
For steel bar - Enter the partial factor of safety applied to the strength of steel.
Load Factor - Enter the load factor of such load combinations according to CP2004 or your
experience. The load combinations are include D.L.+L.L.+Soil, D.L.+Soil+Wind and
D.L.+L.L.+Soil+Wind.
Elastic module of steel bar - Enter the value of elastic module of steel bar (in N/mm2).

37 SADS
5.2.4 Slab (1) Page

When you click the Slab (1) page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the Slab (1)
Main Bars:
Bar type - Click the radio button for choosing high tensile steel or mild steel of the main bars.
Valid diameter of main bars - Click the Combo box to select the value (in mm) of the
minimum and maximum diameter of the main bars.
Distributed Bars:
Bar type - Same as above, Click the radio button for choosing high tensile steel or mild steel
for the distributed bars.
Valid diameter of distributed bars - Click the Combo box to select the value (in mm) of the
minimum and maximum diameter of the distributed bars.
Minimum Reinforcement Ratio:
Main bars - Enter the minimum percentage (in %) about the area of main bars / the gross
cross-sectional area of the concrete.
Distributed bars - Enter the minimum percentage (in %) about the area of distributed bars /
the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete.
For crack checking - Enter the percentage (in %) of minimum reinforcement ratio of the main
bars on cracking design.
Loading shape of two Ways slab - Click the radio button to select the load distribution as
trapezoidal / triangular or rectangular.
Options:
Multiple Concrete Cover - If you check the Multiple concrete cover check box, you can enter
2 different concrete covers in one slab section, bottom cover and top cover. If you prefer to
have only one concrete cover in same slab section, you should not check the check box.
Transfer partition load - Check the check box if you wish to transfer the partition loads of
slabs automatically towards the appropriate beams. Otherwise you may enter the partition load
to the relevant beam loading.
Check deflection - Check the check box if you wish to print out the span/effective depth ratio

System Command 38
of slab deflection for checking purpose.

Allowance of bar area - Enter the allowance coefficient of main bars area, the allowance
factor you provided will get result in increasing the bar area automatically when SADS provides
the reinforced bar of the slabs by adjusting bar diameter, bar number and bar spacing.
Bar Spacing:
Maximum spacing of main bars - Enter the maximum pitch of main bars. Either to times of
slab effective depth (d1) or the absolute value in mm.
Minimum spacing of main bars - Enter the minimum pitch of main bars. Either to times of
main bar's diameter (Dm) or the absolute value in mm.
Maximum spacing of dist. bars - Enter the maximum pitch of distribution bars. Either to
times of slab effective depth (d1) or the absolute value in mm.
Increment of spacing - Enter the increment value (in mm) of the space between main bars.
5.2.5 Slab (2) Page

When you click the Slab (2) page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the Slab (2)
SADS provides the options for defining the diameter and spacing of distribution bar of one way
slab, if you do not want to define them by yourself, you may skip this entry, SADS will define them
according to the Regulation.
Thickness - Enter the thickness (in mm) of the slab.

Diameter - Enter the diameter (in mm) of distribution bar you wish.
Space - Enter the spacing (in mm) of distribution bar you wish.

39 SADS
5.2.6 Beam (1) Page

When you click the Beam (1) page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the Beam (1)
Transfer Mechanism - SADS provided three choices of the transferring loads, (1) Simply
supported, (2) All spans loaded, (3) Critical loaded. Click the radio button for what you want.
Moment Factors:
For column support - Enter the moment factor of column support. SADS defined the range of
support factor is 0.0 to 1.0, depend on the point of hogging moment you selected. "0.0"
indicates the point is at the center of the support, "1.0" indicates the point is at the edge of the
support. SADS suggests 0.666 for the factor of column, you may enter the value you wish.
For beam support - Enter the moment factor of beam support. SADS defined the range of
support factor is 0.0 to 1.0, depend on the point of hogging moment you selected. "0.0"
indicates the point is at the center of the support, "1.0" indicates the point is at the edge of the
support. SADS suggests 0.0 for the factor of beam, you may enter the value you wish.
Redistribution Factors:
Hogging moment - Enter the maximum redistribution factor of hogging moment.
Sagging moment - Enter the maximum redistribution factor for sagging moment.
Main Bars:
Preferred diameter of bars - Click the combo box and select the diameter of main bar (in
mm) you wish to use in calculation, this value is use to estimate the effective depth of beams in
pre-design and design programs. But in generate beam sketch program, SADS will according
the actual requirement of calculation to determine the diameter of main bar.
Minimum horizontal clear space of main bars - The horizontal clear space of main bars is
stipulated not smaller than the diameter of bar. So the default value adopted by SADS is same
as the diameter of the bar separately at top level and bottom level. If you want to change these
value, you may enter the top and the bottom value separately in the appropriate box.
Minimum vertical clear space of main bars - The vertical clear space of main bars is
stipulated not smaller than the diameter of bar. So the default value adopted by SADS is same

System Command 40
as the diameter of the bar separately at top level and bottom level. If you want to change these
value, you may enter the top and the bottom value separately in the appropriate box.
Minimum diameter of main bars - Click the combo box and select the minimum diameter of
the main bar you wish (in mm).
Minimum rein.ratio of main bars - Enter the minimum percentage (in %) about the area of
tensile bars / the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete.
Maximum rein.ratio of main bars - Enter the maximum percentage (in %) about the area of
compressive bars / the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete.
Diameter of hanger bars - Click the combo box to select the diameter (in mm) of hanger bar.
% of hanger bars - Enter the minimum percentage (in %) about the area of hanger bars / the
largest end top bar area.
Stirrup:
Bar type - Click the radio button for choosing high tensile steel or mild steel of the stirrups.
Diameter - Click the combo box and select the value (in mm) of the minimum and maximum
diameter of the stirrups you wish.
Minimum rein.ratio - Enter the minimum percentage (in %) about the area of stirrups / the
horizontal area of the concrete at that section.
Maximum spacing - Enter the maximum pitch of stirrups. Either to times of beam effective
depth (d1) or the absolute value in mm.
Minimum spacing - Enter the minimum pitch of stirrups. Either to times of stirrup diameter
(Dm) or the absolute value in mm.
Increment of spacing - Enter the increment value (in mm.) of the space between the stirrups.
5.2.7 Beam (2) Page

After supply all the relevant value of Beam(1) page, click the Beam (2) page of Master Data sub-
command to continue to supply the values on this page. The figure of the Beam (2) page is as
below.
Sketch Generation Options:

41 SADS
Digit of breaking point of bar - Enter "1" or "2" for the places of decimals.
Unify diameter of reinforced bars - If you want to unify the bar diameter (exclude nominal
bar) inside one span, check the check box.
Allowance of bar area - Enter the allowance coefficient of main bars area and stirrup area,
the effect of allowance factor is same as above describes in slab specification.
Max Space Perpendicular to Span:
Max spacing of longitudinal bars - Enter the maximum spacing of longitudinal bars
according the requirement of CP2004.
Max spacing of stirrup legs - Enter the maximum spacing of stirrup legs in direction that
perpendicular to beam span according the requirement of CP2004.
Lapping of bottom bars - Click the radio button to select the lapping of bottom bar at the center of
the support or at the edge of the support.
d2 Calculation Options - There are 3 options to calculate d2 value. (1) The d2 is calculated based
on the preferred bar diameter and assume the number of bars at all layers are the same. (2) The
d2 is calculated based on the largest actual bar diameter and assume the number of bars at all
layers are the same. (3) The d2 is calculated based on the actual bar diameter and actual bar
number at each layers.
Bending direction of bars - There are two options to control the direction of bending bar at
column or wall support. (1) the bars are bending toward column or wall, i.e. top bars bend up and
bottom bars bend down. (2) the bars are bending toward beam, i.e. top bars bend down and
bottom bars bend up. Click the radio button to select the direction you want.
Concrete Cover - If you check the Multiple concrete cover check box, you can enter 3 different
concrete covers in one beam section, bottom cover, top cover and side cover. If you prefer to have
only one concrete cover in same beam section, you should not check the check box.
Default Segment - Enter the maximum beam span for each segment number, e.g. for 8
segments, the beam span not longer than 4.0 M.
Minimum Bar - Enter minimum bar number, maximum bar number and minimum stirrup leg
number for different beam width.
Width - Enter the width of the beam section(in M).
Min. bar - Enter the minimum number of longitudinal bars you desired for correspondence
section.
Max. bar - Enter the maximum number of longitudinal bars you desired for correspondence
section.
Min. leg - Enter the minimum number of stirrup legs you desired for correspondence section.

System Command 42
5.2.8 Column Page

When you click the Column page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the Column
Moment Factors:
For vertical load - Enter the value of the bending moment factor of vertical load. SADS
defined the range of support factor is 0.0 to 1.0, depend on the point of bending moment you
selected. "0.0" indicates the point is at the center of the beam, "1.0" indicates the point is at the
edge of the beam.
For lateral load - Enter the value of the bending moment factor of lateral load. Same as
above, SADS defined the range of support factor is 0.0 to 1.0.
Moment calculation of column - SADS provided two difference kinds for the calculation of
column.
· according to single column for the calculation,
· according to the substitute frame to calculate.
Click the radio button to select the moment calculation you want. There are a limitations in
substitute frame option.
1. The maximum beams number connected to the column is 4.
2. The maximum substitute frame number connected to the column is 2.
3. The direction of these substitute frames can either be X-X or Y-Y only.
Bracing - There are 2 choices how to define braced column:
· By default - SADS defines the braced column if the column does not take any lateral load;
· Defined by input data - SADS defines a column is braced according to data that input by
users.
Click the radio button to select a choice that you want.
Main Mars:
Minimum diameter - Click the combo box to select the minimum diameter (in mm.) of main
bars of the columns.
Minimum clear space - Enter the value (in mm.) of the clear space between main bars.

43 SADS
Min. reinforcement ratio - Enter the minimum percentage (in %) about the area of main bars /
the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete.
Max. reinforcement ratio - Enter the maximum percentage (in %) about the area of main bars
/ the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete.
Links:
Bar type - Click the radio button to select the high tensile or mild steel of links you want.
Minimum diameter - Enter the minimum diameter of link to times of main bar's diameter
(Dm) or Click the Combo box to select the absolute value in mm.
Maximum spacing - Enter the maximum pitch of links. Either to times of main bar's diameter
(Dm), the absolute value in mm or times of least lateral dimension (S).
Increment of link spacing - Enter the increment value (in mm.) of the space between links.
Options:
Tolerance of trial-error method - Enter the tolerance value (in %) of trial-error method. The
smaller the value the accuracy the result, and the longer the calculation time. SADS suggests
the value is 0.1%. If it cannot converging in some cases, you may increasing this value.
Minimum eccentricity - Enter the minimum eccentricity for section design. Enter the times of
section size (B) or the absolute value in mm.
Allowance of bar area - Enter the allowance coefficient of main bars area, the effect of the
allowance factor is same as above describes in slab age .
Serviceability:
Crack Control - Check the check box to perform the calculation of crack width of tension or
light loaded columns.
Factor - Enter the value of P/fcu/Ac. If you enter 0.00 to the edit box, SADS will perform crack
control for tension columns only. If you enter a non-zero value, e.g. 0.2, all columns with
P/fcu/Ac < 0.2 will be checked the crack width.
Effective Height - There are 2 methods for calculating effective height of column, by formulas and
by tables. You may click the radio button to select the method that good for you.
Axial Load Options:
Check short Column - If you check this check box, SADS will perform additional checking
according with Clause 6.2.1.4(c) in CP2004. You may un-check this check box to skip the
checking.
Same axial load - If you check this check box, the axial loads for checking top section and
bottom section are the same. If the check box is un-checked, the axial load for top section will
not include the self weight of column in current floor.

System Command 44
5.2.9 Wall Page

When you click the Wall page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the Wall page as
below.
Vertical Bars:
Bar type - Click the radio button for choosing high tensile steel or mild steel of the vertical
bars.
Preferred diameter - Click the combo box to select the preferred diameter of vertical bar you
want (in mm). SADS will adopt it as far as possible.
Minimum diameter - Click the Combo box and select the minimum diameter (in mm) of the
vertical bar you want.
Minimum spacing - Enter the minimum pitch of vertical bars (in mm).
Maximum spacing - Enter the maximum pitch of vertical bars (in mm).
Min. reinforcement ratio - Enter the minimum percentage (in %) about the area of vertical
bar / the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete.
Max. reinforcement ratio - Enter the maximum percentage (in %) about the area of vertical
bar / the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete.
Horizontal Bars:
Bar type - Click the radio button for choosing high tensile steel or mild steel of the horizontal
bars.
Minimum diameter - Click the combo box to select the minimum diameter of horizontal bar.
Either to times of vertical bar's diameter (Dm) or the absolute value in mm.
Maximum spacing - Enter the maximum pitch of horizontal bars (in mm).
Min. reinforcement ratio - Enter the minimum percentage (in %) about the area of horizontal
bars / the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete.
Links:
Bar type - Click the radio button to select high tensile steel or mild steel of the link bar.
Minimum diameter of link - Enter the minimum diameter of link to times of main bar's
diameter (Dm) or Click the Combo box to enter the absolute value in mm.
Maximum spacing of links - Enter the maximum pitch of links. Either to times of vertical

45 SADS
bar's diameter (Dm) or the absolute value in mm.

Options
Increment of spacing - Enter the increment value (in mm.) of the space between the bars.
Tolerance of trial-error method - Enter the tolerance value (in %) of trial-error method in this
field. The smaller the value the accuracy the result, and the longer the calculation time. SADS
suggests the value is 1.0%. If it cannot converging in some cases, you may increasing this
value.
Allowance of bar area - Enter the allowance coefficient of vertical bars area, the effect of the
allowance factor is same as above describes in slab age .
Shear Lag - SADS provides two options for calculate shear lag. "always consider" means when
the shear lag flag in wall section element is "X" or "Y", SADS always consider those elements as
shear lags. "depend on direction " means the shear lag is depend on direction of major moment.
I.e. if the major moment is in X-X direction, only the elements of shear lag flag "X" are consider as
shear lags. For Y-Y direction, only "Y" is considered. Click the radio button to select one of them.
Serviceability:
Crack Control - Check the check box to perform the calculation of crack width of tension or
light loaded walls. SADS will perform the checking for single element wall only.
Factor - Factor - Enter the value of P/fcu/Ac. If you enter 0.00 to the edit box, SADS will
perform crack control for tension single element walls only. If you enter a non-zero value, e.g.
0.2, all single element walls with P/fcu/Ac < 0.2 will be checked the crack width.
Stocky Wall - If you check this check box, SADS will perform additional checking according with
Clause 6.2.2.2(f) in CP2004. You may un-check this check box to skip the checking.
5.2.10 Lintel Page

When you click the Lintel page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the Lintel page as
in the following figure.
Main Bars:

System Command 46
Bar type - Click the radio button to select the high tensile steel or mild steel for the main bar of
lintel beam.
Preferred diameter - Click the combo box and select the preferred diameter of main bar (in
mm) you wish to use in calculation, this value is use to estimate the effective depth of lintel
beams. SADS will according the actual requirement of calculation to determine the diameter of
main bar.
Minimum diameter - Click the combo box to select the minimum diameter of main bar you
wish (in mm).
Min. horizontal clear space - Enter the minimum horizontal clear space of main bars.
Min. vertical clear space - Enter the minimum vertical clear space of main bars.
Min. reinforcement ratio - Enter the minimum percentage (in %) about the area of tensile
bars / the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete.
Max. reinforcement ratio - Enter the maximum percentage (in %) about the area of
compressive bars / the gross cross-sectional area of the concrete.
Stirrups:
Bar type - Click the radio button for choosing high tensile steel or mild steel of the stirrups.
Diameter - Click the combo box and select the value (in mm) of the minimum and maximum
diameter of the stirrups you want.
Maximum spacing - Enter the maximum pitch of stirrups. Either to times of lintel beam
effective depth (d1) or the absolute value in mm.
Minimum spacing - Enter the minimum pitch of stirrups. Either to times of stirrup diameter
(Dm) or the absolute value in mm.
Min. reinforcement ratio - Enter the minimum percentage (in %) about the area of stirrups /
the horizontal area of the concrete at that section.
Increment of stirrup spacing - Enter the increment value (in mm.) of the space between the
stirrups.
Allowance of bar area - Enter the allowance coefficient of main bars area and stirrup area, the
effect of allowance factor is same as above describes in slab age .

47 SADS
5.2.11 Joint Page

When you click the Joint page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the Joint page as
in the following figure.
Beam-column Joint:
Check all joints : If you don't check this check box, SADS will check the joint when the section
of column is changed, the concrete grade of column is changed or the bending moments of
beams are different. This option will ignore the variance of axial force of column. If you check
this check box, SADS will check all beam-column joints in selected job list to consider the
effect of axial load accurately.
Moment at center : If you don't check this check box, SADS will use bending moments of
beams that shown in moment envelop of beam design report. These bending moments are
control by the value of Moment factors in Beam(1) page of Master data. If you check this check
box, SADS will use the bending moments at the center of beam supports.
Use Final Moment Envelop: If you check this check box, SADS will use the bending
moments in final envelop that printed in beam design report. Otherwise, SADS will calculate
the joint using bending moments in following loading cases:
· Dead load + Live load + ( Soil load);
· Dead load + (Soil load);
· Deal load + Live load + (Soil load) + Wind load;
· Dead load + (Soil load) + Wind load;
· Deal load + Live load + (Soil load) + Dynamic load;
· Deal load + (Soil load) + Dynamic load;
· Own weight + Uplift load;
· Own weight + Uplift load + Wind load;
· Own weight + Uplift load + Dynamic load.
The reinforcement of joint is provided according with the worst case of loading cases listed
above.
Max. Deviation Angle : According with the requirement of checking eam-column oint , the
connected beams must either parallel to X axis or Y axis. This option gives you a flexibility. You

System Command 48
may enter a small value of angle in the edit box. SADS will consider the connected beams that
not totally parallel to X axis or Y axis, i.e. the connected beams may have a deviation angle
that not greater than the Max. Deviation Angle.
Use HKIE Method: There are 2 methods for calculating tension force in joint. If you check the
check box, SADS uses the formula T = 1.25xAsxfcu, otherwise uses T = M/z.
Force Factor: When calculating the tension force in joint with HKIE method, there is a force
factor you should provide. The default value is 1.25. You may change this factor if you are sure
that it is safety and will be accepted by BD.
Diam. : You may specify the smallest and the largest diameter of bar for providing reinforced
bars to beam-column joint.
Min. space : You may specify the minimum space of link in beam-column joint.
Ductility:
Enforce Ductility Detailing: The default value is true. You may un-check this check box if you
don't want to apply the requirement in Clause 9.9 in CP2004 for studying purpose, comparing
purpose, or other purpose.
Exclude Memmers not Contributing in Lateral Load: If you check this check box, all beams
and columns that do not carrying lateral load will not be checked the ductility detailing.
Beam Options:
Min. Reinforcement Ratio: Enter the minimum percentage (in %) longitudinal reinforced
bars of beam.
Max. Reinforcement Ratio: Enter the maximum percentage (in %) longitudinal reinforced
bars of beam.
Critical Zone Length: Enter the length of critical zone measured from the edge of
support. The default value is 2.0.
Column Options:
Min. Reinforcement Ratio: Enter the minimum percentage (in %) longitudinal reinforced
bars of column.
Max. Reinforcement Ratio: Enter the maximum percentage (in %) longitudinal reinforced
bars of column.
5.2.12 PNAP 173 Page

When you check the PNAP 173 box of General page and continuing to click PNAP 173 page of
Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the PNAP 173 page of CP1987 as in the following
figure.

49 SADS
The above data are collected from the PNAP 173 of Hong Kong B.D., usually they should not be
changed, unless you are sure that B.D. made amendment about some of them, then you can enter
the new data on the appropriate field.
In Exposed to Weather group, there are 2 options for controlling the limit of slab, by crack and by
stress. By crack option is recommended. This option is more consistent with limit state method. If
you select by stress option in your project, you should make sure that your submission can be
accepted by BD.

System Command 50
5.2.13 Load Page

When you click the Load page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the Load page as
below.
This page is use to load the master data (include drawing setup data for SADS, BDIP, CDIP and
SDIP) that you had save in the previous project for your current project. On the left hand side are
the lists of master data file which had been saved, you may highlight the file name that you want to
use the default values for the master data of the new project and click the load button. The file
MASTERDT is the default master data.

51 SADS
5.2.14 Save Page

When you click the Save page of Master Data sub-command, SADS will display the Save page as
below.
This page is use to save the master data of your current project. You should give it a file name by
typing on the top of the left hand side box and click the save button. SADS will than save it into
"Master" folder under User ccess older . It is for your convenient to load these master data on
your future project. The file MASTERDT is default master data that will be copied to new project
automatically.
On the lower part of the left hand side are the lists of previous master data file name that you had
save before for your reference.
5.3 Concrete Grade Sub-command

In this sub-command, SADS enables you to define the maximum permissible stresses and elastic
modules of various concrete grade for the usage of calculation.
When you choose Concrete Grade from System command of Module menu or click button on
Concrete Grade window as below.

System Command 52
Name - Enter the description of concrete grade.

Elastic - Enter the elastic modules of concrete (in N/mm2).
Poisson- Enter the Poisson's ratio.
Fcu - Enter the characteristic strength of concrete ( in N/mm2).
Lt(H) - Enter the bond length of tension bars for high tensile steel (times of bar diameter).
Lc(H) - Enter the bond length of compressive bars for high tensile steel (times of bar diameter).
Lt(M) - Enter the bond length of tension bars for mild steel (times of bar diameter).
Lc(M) - Enter the bond length of compressive bars for mild steel (times of bar diameter).
- Click this button to calculate the all bond lengths in the concrete grid according
with clause 8.4.5 in CP-2004.
- Click the button to save the concrete mix table of the project as the default
concrete mix table for next new project.
- Click the button to load the default concrete mix table for the project. When a
new project is created, the default concrete mix table is loaded automatically.
After supply the information, You may use the common uttons at the lower part of the window to
manipulate the data processing.
5.4 Batch Code Sub-command

In the Batch Code sub-command, SADS will prompt you to supply the batch code, concrete grade
of slab & beam and floor level of the building.
When you choose Batch Code from System command of Module menu or click button on
the Batch Code window as below.

53 SADS
Batch Code - Enter the name of batch that consists of same framing plan and same concrete
grade, named up to four alphanumerical characters.
Concrete Grade - Click the combo box of the concrete grade, and select the grade of concrete
of slabs and beams you want to use.
Floor Level -Enter the top floor level of the correspondence batch code. You may get the value
(in M) from structural framing plane.
After supply the information, You may use the common uttons at the lower part of the window to
manipulate the data processing.
5.5 Floor Data Sub-command

In the Floor Data sub-command, SADS will prompt you to supply the floor code, floor name, floor
level, column cover, wall cover and the concrete grade of column & wall.
When you choose Floor Data from System command of Module menu or click button on
the Floor Data as below.

System Command 54
Floor Code - Enter the name of the floor code of each floor in the building, it must be 4
characters long. The floor codes start from the top story progressing towards the bottom story of
the building.
Floor name - Enter the description of corresponding floor code, it up to 12 characters long.
Floor Level - Enter the top level of each floor. You may get the value (in M) from structural
framing plane.
Column Cover - Enter the concrete cover of the columns (in mm).
Wall Cover - Enter the concrete cover of the walls (in mm).
Conc. Grade - Click the combo box of the concrete grade, and select the grade of concrete of
columns, walls and lintel beams you want to use.
Batch C. - Click the combo box to select the batch ode of this floor.
If you have input beam data, column data, wall data, lintel data, etc., you should not change the
floor code inside grid control directly. If you do so, you may loss these input data. You must use the
global change function to change the floor code.
· Select the floor code that you want to change from Old Code combo box;
· Enter the new floor code to New Code edit box;
· Click the button to change the floor code across SADS database.
After supplied all the information of this sub-command, You may use the common uttons at the
lower part of the window to manipulate the data processing.
5.6 Drawing Setup Sub-command

The Drawing Setup sub-command is use to customize the layout of loading plan drawing of column
and wall.
When you choose Drawing Setup from System command of Module menu or click button on

55 SADS
the Drawing Setup as below.
AutoCAD Version - Select the AutoCAD version that you are using.
Sizes - Enter the values (in mm) of the drawing paper width and height, and the logo width and
height that appear at the right hand bottom of the paper.
Row Height - Enter the values (in mm) of the row height for the title, the label and the loading.
Column Width - Enter the values (in mm) of the column width for the column drawing and the
wall drawing. The columns of column drawing are column mark, column section, axial load of
column, horizontal load of column and the information of foundation cap. The columns of wall
drawing are wall mark, axial load of wall, center diameter of wall, vertical moment of
wall,horizontal load of wall and the information of foundation cap.
Rounding - Enter the numbers of the places of decimals for the column drawing and the wall
drawing. The subject of rounding at column drawing are axial load and horizontal load, while the
subject of rounding at wall drawing are axial load, center diameter, vertical moment and
horizontal load.
Wall Display Option - Click the radio button to select wall display option by section center
(C.G.) or by load center.
Text Height - Enter the values (in mm) of the height of difference texts, such as title text, label
text, unit text and loading text.
Layer Name - Enter the layer name of AutoCAD for difference purposes, such as grid line, title
text, label text, unit text and loading text.
Line Weight - Enter the line weight for each layer name.
Line Color - Select the line color for each layer name.
After finish the data input of this sub-command, click Ok button to save it or click Cancel button to
deny it.

System Command 56
5.7 Import Data Sub-command

The Import Data sub-command is use to convert the text file with certain format to the database of
SADS.
When you choose Import Data from System command of Module menu or click button on
the Import Data as below.
Import Path Group Box:

Import Data From - Enter the name of the folder where the previous text file was.
Brows button - Click the brows button, window can help you to find out the name of text file
folder.
Options Group Box:

Clean Slab Existing Data - If you are import all sets of slab data, you may check the check box
to clean the existing slab data in database.
Clean Beam Existing Data - If you are import all sets of beam data, you may check the check
box to clean the existing beam data in database.
Clean Column Existing Data - If you are import all sets of column data, you may check the
check box to clean the existing column data in database.
Clean Wall Existing Data - If you are import all sets of wall data, you may check the check box
to clean the existing wall data in database.
Clean Lintel Existing Data - If you are import all sets of lintel data, you may check the check
box to clean the existing lintel data in database.
To execute this sub-command, click Ok button. To deny it, click Cancel button.

57 SADS
5.8 Export Data Sub-command

The Export Data sub-command is use to convert the database of SADS to the text file.
When you choose Export Data from System command of Module menu or click button on
the Export Data as below.
Export Data To - Enter the name of the folder for exporting data.
Brows button - Click the brows button, window can help you to find out the name of folder.
Slab Data - Check the check box that you want to export a whole batch of slab data.
Beam Data - Check the check box that you want to export a whole batch of beam data.
Column Data - Enter the first marks and last marks of columns that you want to export.
Wall Data - Enter the first marks and last marks of walls that you want to export.
Lintel Data - Enter the first marks and last marks of lintel beams that you want to export.
Drawing Data - Check the check boxes that you want to export those data.
Other Data - Check the check boxes that you want to export those data.
To execute this sub-command, click Ok button. To deny it, click Cancel button.
5.9 Backup Data Sub-command

The best way to prevent loosing data is to backup the project data periodically. The Backup Data
Sub-command can help you to create backup file for the current project easily. You may restore
the backup file to project folder using restore ata ub-command when your project data are
corrupted.
When you choose Backup Data from System command of Module menu or click button on

System Command 58
the Backup Data as below.
Backup to - Enter the path and name of backup file, or click the button to browse the
existing folders and enter or select the name of backup file.
Backup from - This is a read only edit box. The information is the current project data folder.
Title - Enter a description about the backup file. The description will be displayed when you
select a backup file to be restored. The default title name is the name of current project.
Backup project data files every xx days - If the value of xx is greater than zero, SADS will
check the last backup date every time you exit SADS, and prompt you to backup your project
data files when the date you specified is reach.
After finish the data input of this sub-command, click Ok button to save it or Cancel to deny it.
5.10 Restore Data Sub-command

When you find that your project data are corrupted, you may use the sub-command to restore
project data from backup file that created by backup ata ub-command .
When you choose Restore Data from System command of Module menu or click button on
the Restore Data as below.

59 SADS
Restore from - Enter the path and name of backup file, or click the button to select the
existing folders and name of backup file.
Restore to - This is a read only edit box. The value is the current project data folder.
Title - This is a read only edit box. It displays the description that defined when you create the
backup file. You should read the description carefully and make sure you are selecting a
correct backup file for the project.
6 Slab Command
6.1 About Slab Command
In the Slab Command of Module Menu, you can create, inquire slab data, and calculate, design
slab reinforcement of the building.
When you choose Slab from the Module menu, the pull down menu is illustrated as following
figure.
Or when you click button, the slab sub-command buttons are display as below.

Slab Command 60

1. Maintain Slab Data Sub-command.
2. Slab Global change Sub-command.
3. Print Slab Reports Sub-command.
4. Validate Slab Data Sub-command.
5. Design Slab Sub-command.
6.2 Maintain Slab Data Sub-command

The Maintain Slab Data sub-command is use to create a new slab data and edit an existing slab
data.
When you choose Slab Data from Slab command of Module menu or click button on
the Maintain Slab Data as below.
Batch ode - Click the combo box, the listing of the individual batch codes of the slabs are
previously define in the Batch ode ub-command . The word "ALL" indicate all batch code that
you previously define. You may search the desired batch code followed the steps of
Incremental earch at "Window component" topic in "How to use SADS" chapter.
Existing Slabs - Indicate all the labs marks of the above batch code that you previously created. If

61 SADS
you want to search the desired slab mark, you may follow the steps of Incremental earch at
"Window component" topic in "How to use SADS" chapter.
Mark and Type Group Box :

Batch Code - This box is available at the above batch code is in "All" position only. Click the
combo box to select the batch code of new slab.
Slab Mark - Enter the new slab mark. It must has the following formats:
[ppp]S[c]nnnn[a] or [C][ppp]Snnnn[a]
S -- slab mark must contain one upper case character S.
nnnn -- follow character S up to 4 digit numerical character can be appended.
[c] -- one lower case character c can be inserted between S and nnnn to represent cantilever
slab.
[C] -- one upper case character C can be added to the first position of mark to represent
cantilever slab.
[ppp] -- up to 3 alphabetical or numerical characters can be added before S as a prefix.
[a] -- one alphabetical character can be appended at the last of the mark.
Note: all characters inside bracket are used optionally.
Examples: S12a, RS106, GSc23, C1S3B are valid marks, TS-12, CRSc12, CFD23, TKSC are
invalid marks.
Type - Click the combo box to select the type of slab. SADS defines the type in 17 kinds
shown in follow figure.
0: Cantilever slab 1: Simply support slab 2: Continuous slab (end).
3: Continuous slab 4: Continuous slab

5: Simply supported
(second) (interior)
staircase
6: 4 edges 7: One short 8: One long

discontinuous continuous continuous
9: Two adjaction edges 10: 2 opposite long 11: 2 opposite short

continuous edges continuous edges continuous
12: 3 edges 13: 3 edges 14: 4 edges

continuous continuous continuous
15: Triangular slab 16: Circular slab
D D
Dimension Group Box : As we previously mention in About ange f nput ata . These
numerical edit box have they own minimum value and maximum value (range) for validation.
Thickness -Enter the thickness (in mm.) of slab.
Bottom Cover - Enter the concrete cover (in mm.) at bottom of slab.
Top Cover - Enter the concrete cover (in mm.) at top of slab. If the Multiple concrete cover
check box in Master Data is not checked, this edit box will be disabled and the value of bottom
cover will be assigned to the top cover.

Slab Command 62
Short Span - Enter the span (in M) of slab, if it is two ways slab enter the short way span.
Long Span - Enter the long way span (in M) of two ways slab.
Check Crack Group Box :

Exposure class - Click the combo box to enter the class of exposure.
Class "A": check cracking with maximum crack width be 0.1 mm;
Class "B": check cracking with maximum crack width be 0.2 mm;
Class "C": no check cracking is needed;
Class "W": perform checking for exposed to weathering cantilever slab according with
PNAP173.
Tension - Enter the tension force due to side walls of tank (in kN/M).
Loading Group Box : Same as Dimension, these numerical edit box have they own range.
Finishing - Enter the weight of finishing (in kN/M2) of floor.
Partition - Enter the weight of uniformly distributed partition (in kN/M2).
Live Load - Enter the imposed load (in kN/M2) applied on slab, i.e., live load.
Min. Live Load - Enter the minimum imposed load (in kN/M).
Point Load (DL) - Enter the concentrated dead load (in kN/M2) applied at the end of cantilever
slab or the mid span of one way slab.
Point Load (LL) - Enter the concentrated live load (in kN/M2) applied at the end of cantilever
slab or the mid span of one way slab.
U.D.L. (HA) - Enter the value of HA uniform loading (kN/M2), if the live load is HA loading.
K.E.L. (HA) - Enter the value of HA knife edged loading (kN/M2), if the live load is HA loading.
Dynamic Load - Enter the additional vertical imposed load (in kN/M2), for the calculation of a
factory building.
Uplift Load - Enter the value of upward load that apply to slab from underground water
pressure (in kN/M2).
Inheriting Input Data : Check the check box if you want to inherit the common values of previous
slab for the default value of the new slab.
You may use the common uttons at the lower part of the window to manipulate the data
processing.
6.3 Slab Global Change Sub-command

6.3.1 Slab Global Change
The Slab Global Change sub-command allows you to amend the same kind of information about a
certain amount of slabs or to copy the whole slabs of any batch to the other batch.
When you choose Slab Global Change from Slab command of Module menu or click button
on Command utton ar then click button on Sub-command utton ar , SADS will

display the Slab Global Change as below.
The Slab Global Change have two pages.

1. Global Change Page.
2. Batch Copy Page.
Click the Global Change Tab, SADS will display the Global Change Page as below.

63 SADS
Select Slabs Group Box :

Batch Code - Click the combo box to select the batch ode of those slabs which are going to
be changed.
First Slab - Click the combo box to select the beginning slab mark you want to change.
Last Slab - Click the combo box to select the last slab mark of the changes.
Change Parameters Group Box :

The changeable elements include thickness of slab, concrete cover of slab, weight of finishing
of floor, weight of uniformly distributed partition, weight of imposed load applied to slab, weight
of the dynamic load, weight of up lift load and weight of minimum imposed load. (refer to
Slab ata ub-command ).
You may check the check box and enter the changes in the edit box, if no changes in some
fields, just skip it.
Confirm each change - This part indicates the way of SADS to process the changes. If you wish
to confirm the changes on each slab, check the check box, SADS will then display the relevant
slabs one at a time and prompt you to confirm the changes. Otherwise SADS will make the
changes thoroughly.
You may search the desired batch code and slab mark followed the steps of Incremental earch
at "Window component" topic in "How to use SADS" chapter.

Slab Command 64
6.3.2 Slab Batch Copy

Click the Batch Copy Tab, SADS will display the Batch Copy Page as below.
Batch Code Group Box :

Source Batch - Click the combo box to select the batch code of those slabs which are going
to be copy to the other batch.
Destination Batch - Click the combo box to select the batch code of those slabs which are
going to copy to.
Change Slab Mark Group Box :

There are two edit box in a row, the first edit box is the place of prefix slab mark of the source
batch, the second edit box is the place of prefix slab mark of the destination batch. Type the
prefix of slab mark of the sauce batch and the destination batch separately.

The changeable elements include thickness of slab, concrete cover of slab, weight of finishing
of floor, weight of uniformly distributed partition, weight of imposed load applied to slab, weight
of the dynamic load, weight of up lift load and weight of minimum imposed load. (refer to
Slab ata ub-command ).
Option Group Box :

Clean Slabs in Target batch - Check the check box if you want to clear all the labs marks in
the destination batch. If not, skip it.
Overwrite Duplicate Slabs - If you did not check the above check box, you will continue to
select this check box. Check the check box if you want to overwrite all the duplicate slab marks
in the destination batch. If not, all the duplicate slab marks will not be copy.
You may search the desired batch code followed the steps of Incremental earch at "Window

65 SADS
component" topic in "How to use SADS" chapter.
6.3.3 Slab Batch Delete

Click the Batch Delete Tab, SADS will display the Batch Delete Page as below.
Batch Code - Click the combo box to select the batch code of those slabs which are going to be
deleted. The deleted slab data will not be recoverable. You should use the function carefully.
6.4 Print Slab Reports Sub-commad

The Print Slab Reports Sub-command allows you to print out or display the labs data, labs
thickness or labs reactions at the supports for checking or other purposes.
When you choose Slab Reports from Slab command of the Module menu or click button on
the Print Slab Reports window as below.

Slab Command 66
Print Options Group Box:

Beginning Page Number - Enter the numerical number of the first page.
Prefix of Page Number - Enter up to 2 alphanumerical characters long for the precedent of
the page number. SADS set the default page mark as "S", you may change it as you wish.
Print Mode - SADS offers two options for your choice. Click the radio button of "Print to
Printer", if you want to print out the selected slab data / thickness or reaction to the printer.
Click the radio button of "Print to File", if you want to print to the temporary file and
automatically display on screen.
Print Jobs Group Box:
Batch Code - Click the combo box to select the batch ode you want for any purpose.
First Mark - Click the combo box to select the beginning slab mark which going to be
reported.
Last Mark - Click the combo box to select the last slab mark which going to be reported.
Report Type Group Box : Click the radio button and select the subject you want. There are 3
subjects:
Slab Input Data - print or display the slab data for your checking.
Slab Thickness - print or display a listing of labs thickness for the reference to architects.
Slab Reaction - print or display the reactions of slabs at the supports for your reference or for
the checking purpose.
processing.

67 SADS
6.5 Validate Slab Data Sub-command

The Validate Slab Data Sub-command is use to make a validation about the slab data you
provided. SADS will print out or display all the incorrect data after finish the procedure.
When you choose Slab Validation from Slab command of the Module menu or click button on
the Validate Slab Data as below.
Print Options Group Box : Refer to the Print lab eport ub-command .
Print Jobs Group Box : Refer to the Print lab eport ub-command .
processing.
6.6 Design Slab Sub-command

The Design Slab Sub-command is use to check the thickness of slab, to calculate the support
shears and reinforcement of slabs, also to print out the calculation of slabs of the building for the
submission to B.D.
When you choose Slab Design from Slab command of the Module menu or click button on
the Slab Design as below.

Slab Command 68
Print Options Group Box : Refer to the Print lab eport ub-command .
Print Jobs Group Box : Refer to the Print lab eport ub-command .
Report Type Group Box : Click the radio button and select the Pre-design Slabs or Design Slabs.
Pre-design Slab - The Pre-design of Slab enables you to check the slab thickness, to
calculate the support shears and reinforcement of slabs which you have created. SADS will
give you a report about which slab thickness is not enough and increases the relevant labs
thickness automatically according to the requirement of the calculation. You may amend these
values to the corresponding slab marks by using the Maintain lab ata ub-command .
Design Slab - The Design of Slab allows you to print out the calculation of slabs in the building
for the submission to B.D.
processing.
7 Beam Command
7.1 About Beam Command
In the Beam Command of Module Menu, you can supply beams data, edit beams data, validate
beams data, pre-design beam section, generate beam sketches, design the reinforced bar of
beams and drawing beams sketch.
When you choose Beam command from the Module menu, the pull down menu is illustrated as
following figure.

69 SADS
Or when you click button, the beam sub-command buttons are display as below.

1. Maintain Batch Data Sub-command
2. Maintain Beam Data Sub-command
3. Beam Global change Sub-command.
4. Enter Beam Forces Sub-command
5. Print Beam Reports Sub-command.
6. Validate Beam Data Sub-command.
7. Design Beam Sub-command.
8. Edit Beam Sketch Sub-command.
9. Moment and Shear Envelop Sub-command.
7.2 Maintain Batch Data Sub-command

The Maintain Batch Data sub-command is use to define the whole circumstances about continuous
beams of the building in each batch code for the requirement of calculation. Each continuous beam
must has a batch data, even it is a simply supported beam. The batch data consists of beam span
number, type of continuous beam, information of support, wind loads applied to beam, etc., which
combined together for the detail of a continuous beam.
When you choose Batch Data from Beam command of the Module menu or click button on
the Maintain Batch Data as below.

Beam Command 70
Batch Code - Click the combo box , the listing of the individual batch codes of the beams are
previously define in the Batch Code sub-command of the System Command. You may search the
desired batch code followed the steps of Incremental earch at "Window component" topic in
"How to use SADS" chapter.
Existing Batch Data Group box - Indicate the listing of the relevant batch data of the selected
batch code. There is a button under the box, so you can rearrange the order of the existing
beam marks, followed the steps of List ox at "Window component" topic in "How to use SADS"
chapter. If you want to search the desired batch data, you may follow the steps of
Header Data Group Box : This group include a series of information use to define the whole
circumstances of continuous beam.
Span Number - Enter the span number of a continuous beam. SADS provides the maximum
span number is 21.
Type - Click the combo box and select the type of continuous beam. SADS defined the type in
5 different kinds, you may type the number in this field. (i.e., type "0" for single span simply
supported beam). The following figure shows you graphically about the type of continuous
beam.
0 -- Indicates single span simply supported beam;
1 -- Indicates continuous beam in that the both ends are supported;
2 -- Indicates continuous beam that the left end is cantilever;
3 -- Indicates continuous beam that the right end is cantilever;
4 -- Indicates continuous beam that the both ends are cantilever.

71 SADS
0: Single span simply supported beam.
1: Continuous beam which both ends are supported.
2: Continuous beam which left end is cantilever.
3: Continuous beam which right end is cantilever.
4: Continuous beam which both ends are cantilever.
Direction - Click the combo box and select the condition of continuous beam, SADS defined
as N, X, Y and B. You may select the correspondence symbol in it.
"N" -- Indicates all supports of continuous are hinged and no need to enter support mark..
"X" -- Indicates the supported of continuous beam are columns, the direction of continuous
beam span is in X-axis of columns.
"Y" -- Indicates the supported of continuous beam are columns, the direction of continuous
beam span is in Y-axis of columns.
"B" -- Indicates the supported of continuous beam are beams or walls, and you want to enter
the support marks.
Floor Code - Click the combo box and enter the floor ode of the continuous beam. If the
type of batch data is "0", this box will be disabled.
Beam Mark Group Box : Enter the marks of continuous beam of the batch data. If it is located
along X-X direction, the order should be from left to right, if it is located along Y-Y direction, the
order should be from bottom to top, if it is use on the girder that support any column as shown in
below figure, SADS named the girder as GB2. From the point of frame analysis the girder should
be consider as two elements, it should have two difference marks. SADS named them as
"associate beams" e.g. GB2a and GB2b, there may up to 10 associate beams on one girder. If you
had previously defined the girder and entered the associate beam data, then the beam mark
changed to cyan base and red letter, as the displayed of above figure.
GB1 GB2a GB2b GB3

GB2
If the beam is a girder, click button, SADS will display the dialog box show as below and allow
you to enter the information in it.

Beam Command 72
Enter the name of associate beams and the length of each associate beam (the overall lengths of
associate beams must equal to the length of the girder).
Besides, in the output of Beam design sub-command, SADS will only shown the girder as beam
GB1, no GB1a or any associate beam.
Note: When input relevant column data of the girder, you should enter the girder mark rather then
the associate beam mark, i.e. GB1 for column C1 and C3 and the width of column C2 on ground
floor should be zero. The associate beam marks will be shown only in the frame sketch.
Support Group Box : Enter the support marks and types of the continuous beam.
1. If the support is column, enter the column mark and select the type as "CL". SADS will
consider the stiffness of the column to the analysis of the continuous beam and calculate the
support moment by considering the width of columns.
2. If the support is beam, enter the beam mark, and select the type as "BM". SADS will
calculate the support moment by considering the width of support beam.
3. If the support is hinge support, enter "N", and select the type as "HN". SADS will calculate
the support moment at the center of support.
4. If the ends support of continuous beam is walls, and the direction of walls are same with the
direction of beam span, (i.e. fixed support), enter "F", and select the type as "FX".
5. If it is the free end of cantilever beam, enter "N" and select the type as "NA".
Wind Load Group Box : This group consist of two elements, first floor code and last floor code.
Click the Combo box and select the first floor code and the last floor code which should be
considered the wind load, dynamic load and soil load in the calculation of the continuous beam.
SADS provided up to 7 cases in a continuous beam, and will automatically find out the worse case
for the calculation of the continuous beam.
First floor code indicates the top level of every case.
Last floor code indicates the bottom level of every case.
If you want to copy the First floor codes and Last floor codes to other batch data, you may click the
button to copy these floor codes to clipboard. When you open batch code that has the same
list of floor codes, you may click the button to copy these floor codes from clipboard to Lateral
Loads grid box. If you want to reset the first floor codes and last floor codes to NONE, you may

73 SADS
click the button.
processing.
7.3 Maintain Beam Data Sub-command

The Maintain Beam Data sub-command is use to create a new beam data, amend an existing
beam data you provided.
When you choose Beam Data from Beam command of the Module menu or click button on
the Maintain Beam Data as below.
Batch Code - There are two parts of batch code, first part is named as "ALL", SADS listed all the
existing beam marks that you already supplied the beam data previously and sorted all the existing
beam marks according to the ascending sequences of the alpha numerical characters in " ALL"
batch code. Only in this batch code you can add and delete the existing beam marks and copy the
existing beam data by using the button keys "New", "Delete" and "Copy". Second part is the listing
of the batch codes of the building that you provided in the Batch ode ub-command of the
System Command, and contains the beam marks you previously created in the Batch ata ub-
command. In these batch code you can only make an amendment about the existing beam.
Existing Beam Mark - The list box is the listing of the relevant beam marks of the selected batch
code.
You may search the desired batch code and the desired beam mark followed the steps of
If there is a colored change (yellow base and red letter) appears on the listing of a certain batch

Beam Command 74
code (except in "ALL" batch code), that means for some reason you have not enter the data of that
beam.
Beam Data Group Box : This box is about the general information of the beam.
Beam Mark - Enter the alpha numerical up to 10 characters long for the beam mark. The
beam mark cannot be duplicated in a job.
Span - Enter the value of the span, unit: M.
Width - Enter the width of beam section, unit: mm.
Depth - Enter the depth of beam section, unit mm.
Flange Width - Enter the width of flange, unit: mm. If the section is rectangular, the value
should be "0".
Flange Depth - Enter the depth of flange, unit: mm.
Bottom Cover - Enter the concrete cover of reinforcement bars at the bottom of beam, unit:
mm.
Min.L.L. - Enter the minimum imposed load, unit: kN.
Exposure class - Click the combo box to enter the class of exposure.
Class "A": check cracking with maximum crack width be 0.1 mm;
Class "B": check cracking with maximum crack width be 0.2 mm;
Class "C": no check cracking is needed;
Class "W": perform checking for exposed to weathering cantilever beam according with
PNAP173.
Contact Surface - If the exposure class is "A" or "B", click the combo box and select "U", "L"
or "B". "U" indicates upper surface of the beam contacts with water, "L" indicates the lower
surface, "B" indicates both surfaces. If the exposure class is "C", select "N".
Lateral Support - Enter the length of beam between lateral restraints (in M).
Width Different - Enter the difference between top size and bottom size of the beam section
which is trapezoidal, unit: mm.
Section Design - Check the check box if you want SADS automatically design the beam
section and generate the bar sketch of the beam. Otherwise do not check this check box.
Top Cover, Sise Cover - Enter the concrete cover of reinforcement bars at the top and side of
beam, unit: mm.If the Multiple concrete cover check box in Master Data is not checked, these
2 edit boxes will be disabled and the value of bottom cover will be assigned to top cover and
side cover.
Beam Load Group Box : This box is about the loads information which applied to the beam,
SADS provides up to 40 loadings applied on each beam.
Name - Enter the name of load. If it is slab or beam, the load name must be exactly same as
the slab mark or beam mark which have been previously defined. If it is a column, the load
name should be the column mark and the floor code (i.e. K1ROOF , C11ST., D23RD.).
Type - Enter the type of load which applied on the beam. SADS defined the loading type as
followed:
0 -- uniformly distributed load on full span, unit: kN/M.
1 -- concentrated load, unit: kN.
2 -- uniformly distributed load, unit: kN/M.
3 -- triangular distributed load, unit: kN/M.
4 -- trapezoidal distributed load, unit: kN/M.
5 -- right triangular distributed load (right), unit: kN/M.
6 -- right triangular distributed load (left), unit: kN/M.
7 -- concentrate moment load, unit: kN-M
The graphic of the load types and the relevant dimensions a, b and c are shown in below.

75 SADS
0: Uniformly distributed load on full span. 1. Concentrated load.
L a
L
2. Uniformly distributed load 3. Triangular distributed load
a b a b
L L
4. Trapezoidal distributed load 5. Right triangular distributed load
c c a b
a b L
L
6. Right triangular distributed load 7. Concentrated moment
a b a
L L
Attribute - Click the combo box and select the source of loading. "W" denotes own weight, "B"
denotes beam, "S" denotes slab, "C" denotes column, SADS will automatically extracts the
reactions upon them. "H" denotes H.A. loading, "Y" denotes dynamic load, "U" denotes uplift
load, you may enter these loading to the appropriate dead load box. If you do not want SADS
automatically extracts the reactions, select blank " ", then you may enter the dead load and
live load of the loading in the appropriate box.
Flag - Click the combo box and select the characteristic of the loading. For own weight, you
may select "R" "T" "L", "R" denotes rectangular section,"T" denotes T-section,"L" denotes L-
section. For beam, you may select "R" "L", "R" denotes right hand side reaction, "L" denotes
left hand side reaction. If the "Load Type" is 3 or 4, the Attribute is "S" i.e. Slab, you may select
"C" or "D", "C" denotes continuous slab, "D" denotes discontinuous slab.
D.L. - Enter the value of dead load if the "Attribute" you select is blank " ". If the "Load Type" is
0 or 2, and the Attribute is "S" i.e. Slab and the load hape in master data of this slab is
"Rectangular", then you may enter the "shear force coefficients" in this field, the default value is
"0.5", you may modify it as you wish.
L.L. - Enter the value of imposed load if the "Attribute" you select is blank " ".
a(M) - Enter the value of the distance from the left end of beam to the position of concentrated
load or the beginning of distributed load, unit: M.
b(M) - Enter the value of the length of distributed load, unit: M.
c(M) - Enter the value of the length of the triangular part of trapezoidal distributed load, unit M.
If you want to view graphically about the existing loading of the beam, click key, SADS will
then graphically display the loading on the dialog box.
If you want to insert a loading in front of the existing load, you may highlight the existing one
and click key, SADS will provide a row enable you to insert a new loading.
If you want to delete an existing loading, highlight the loading and click key, SADS will
then delete the highlighted load.
Inheriting Data Option - If you want to inherit the basic data of the previous beam data for the

Beam Command 76
new beam, check the check box.
processing.
7.4 Beam Global Change Sub-command

7.4.1 Beam Global Change
The Beam Global Change sub-command enables you to amend some changes which contain of a
same value to a large amount of beams or to copy the whole beams ata and batch ata from
one batch to the other batch.
When you choose Beam Global Change from Beam command of the Module menu or click
button on Command utton ar then click button on Sub-command utton ar , SADS

will display the Beam Global Change.
The Beam Global Change have two pages.

1. Beam Global Change Page.
2. Beam Batch Copy Page.
Click the Global Change Tab, SADS will display the Global Change Page as below.
Select Beams Group Box :

Batch Code - Click the combo box to select the batch ode of those beams which are going
to be changed.
First Beam - Click the combo box to select the beginning beam mark you want to change.
Last Beam - Click the combo box to select the last beam mark of the changes.

77 SADS

The changeable parameters include beams width, beams depth, flange width, flange depth,
concrete cover of beams, minimum imposed load of beams, the difference between top size
and bottom size in trapezoidal section, the segment number.
Confirm each change - This part indicates the way of SADS to process the changes. If you wish
to confirm the changes on each beam, check the check box, SADS will then display the relevant
beams one at a time and prompt you to confirm the changes. Otherwise SADS will make the
changes thoroughly.
7.4.2 Beam Batch Copy

Click the Batch Copy Tab, SADS will display the Batch Copy Page as below.
Batch Code Group Box :

Source Batch - Click the combo box to select the batch ode of those beams which are
going to be copy to the other batch.
Destination Batch - Click the combo box to select the batch ode of those beams which are
going to copy to.
Change Beam Mark Group Box :

There are two edit box in a row, the first edit box is the place of prefix beam ark of the
source batch, the second edit box is the place of prefix beam mark of the destination batch.
Type the prefix of beam mark of the source batch and the destination batch separately.
Change Load Name Group Box :

Same as above, there are two edit box in a row, the first edit box is the place of prefix
load ame of the source batch, the second edit box is the place of prefix load name of the

Beam Command 78
destination batch. Type the prefix of load name of the source batch and the destination batch
separately.
Change Floor Code Group Box :

Same as above, the first edit box is the place of floor ode of the source batch, the second
edit box is the place of floor code of the destination batch. Type the floor code of the source
batch and the destination batch separately.
Change Support Mark Group Box :

The first edit box is the place of prefix support mark of the source batch, the second edit box is
the place of prefix support mark of the destination batch. Type the prefix of support mark of the
source batch and the destination batch separately.
7.4.3 Beam Batch Delete

Click the Batch Delete Tab, SADS will display the Batch Delete Page as below.
Batch Code - Click the combo box to select the batch code of those beams which are going to be
deleted. The deleted beam data will not be recoverable. You should use the function carefully.
7.5 Print Beam Reports Sub-command

The Print Beam Reports Sub-command allows you to print out or display the batch data, beams
data, beams section, beams moments, beams forces and plot the bar sketch for checking or other
purposes.

79 SADS
When you choose Beam Reports from Beam command of the Module menu or click button on
the Print Beam Reports as below.
Print Options Group Box: Same as Print lab eport ub-command , except the default page
mark is "B".

Batch Code - Click the combo box to select the batch ode you want for any purpose.
First Mark - Click the combo box to select the beginning beam mark which going to be
reported.
Last Mark - Click the combo box to select the last beam mark which going to be reported.
Report Type Group Box : Click the radio button and select the subject you want. There are 6
subjects in the box:
Print Batch data - print or display the batch data for your checking.
Print Beam data - print or display the beam data for your checking.
Print Beam section - print or display the section of beams for the reference to architects.
Print F.E.M. and reaction - print or display the fixed end moment and shears for your
reference or for the checking purpose.
Print Lateral Forces - print or display the moment and shear produced by lateral load for your
checking.
Plot bar sketch - plot or display the bar sketch of beam for your reference or for the checking
purpose.
processing.

Beam Command 80
7.6 Enter Beam Forces Sub-command

7.6.1 Enter Beam Vertical Load
The Enter Beam Force Sub-command allows you to enter forces of beams manually. If you do not
want to use the analysis result of SADS to calculate the beams forces, or if you wish to use some
result of beams for any purposes, you may use this Sub-command to enter the vertical loads, wind
moments, soil moments and dynamic moments of beams.
When you choose Enter Force from Beam command of the Module menu or click button on
the Enter Beam Force as below.
.
Batch Code - There are two parts of batch code, first part is named as "ALL", second part is the
listing of the batch codes of the building. Refer to Beam ata ub-command . Click the Combo
box and select the desired batch code.
Existing Beam Mark - The list box is the listing of the relevant beam marks of the selected batch
code.
You may search the desired batch code and beam mark followed the steps of Incremental earch
at "Window component" topic in "How to use SADS" chapter.
Load Type Group Box :

Load Type - Select Vertical Load from combo box.
Direction - It is disabled when you select Vertical Load.
Loads Group Box : If you select the vertical load type, the loads group box is as above figure. The
wind load, soil load and dynamic load will be explain on the next topic.
Shear - Indicates the shear of beam due to the vertical loads condition (in kN-M), the followed

81 SADS
symbol (LHS) means left hand side, and (RHS) means right hand side.
F.E.M. - Indicates the fixed end moments of beam due to the vertical loads condition (in kN-M),
the followed symbol (LHS) and (RHS) are same as above.
The column fields are:
D.L. - Indicates dead load. Enter the value you prefer.
L.L. - Indicates live load. Enter the value you prefer.
Dynamic - Indicates vertical dynamic load. Enter the value you prefer.
Own weight - Indicates own weight of beam and slab. Enter the value you prefer.
Uplift - Indicates uplift load. Enter the value you prefer.
Support condition - SADS define the support condition of beam into six different types, the
followed figure shows you graphically about the support condition. Enter the number of
support.
0 -- single span simply supported beam.
1 -- multiple span continuous beam with two fixed end.
2 -- single span continuous beam with two fixed end.
3 -- cantilever beam.
4 -- multiple span continuous beam with one fixed end and other hinged.
5 -- single span continuous beam with one fixed end and other hinged.
0: 1: 2:
3: 4: 5:
7.6.2 Enter Beam Lateral Load

If the load type you select is "wind load" or "soil load" or "dynamic load", the Loads Group Box will
be display as below.

Beam Command 82

Load Type - Select Wind Load, Dynamic Load or Soil Load from combo box.
Direction - Select the direction of selected Lateral Load.
Loads Group Box :

M (LHS) - Indicates the bending moment of wind loads (in kN-M), the followed symbol (LHS)
means left hand side.
M (RHS) - Indicates the bending moment of wind loads (in kN-M). RHS means right hand side.
V - Indicates the shear of beam (in kN). Enter the value in it.
The column fields are the floor ode of the building. Click the appropriate floor code of the
selected beam mark and enter the value in each row.
7.7 Validate Beam Data Sub-command

The Validate Beam Data Sub-command is use to make a validation about the beam data and
batch data you provided. SADS will print out or display all the incorrect data after finish the
procedure.
When you choose Beam Validation from Beam command of the Module menu or click button

display the Validate Beam Data as below.
Print Options Group Box: Same as Print lab eport ub-command except the default page
mark is "B".
Print Jobs Group Box: Refer to the Print eam eports ub-command .

83 SADS
processing.
7.8 Beam Design Sub-command

The Design Beam Sub-command enables you to pre-design and design the beams.
When you choose Beam Design from Beam command of the Module menu or click button on
the Beam Design as below.
Print Options Group Box: Same as Print lab eport ub-command except the default page
mark is "B".
Print Jobs Group Box: Refer to the Print eam eports ub-command .
Report Type Group Box: Click the radio button and select the Pre-design Beam or Design Beam.
Pre-design Beam - Click the radio button if you want to pre-design the beam. It enables you to
accomplish following purposes.
1. Checking the section of beam, whether is enough to against the support shears and
bending moments. If it is over stress, SADS will print a report to remind you.
2. Finding the possible error which cannot be found in the Validate Data Program, such as
the endless circulation of beams, etc.
3. Calculating the support shears and F.E.M. of the beams.
4. Generate the bar sketch of beams which have been pre-designed and certified correct.
Before you run this Sub-command, remember that you must do pre-design of slabs. The

Beam Command 84
beams which amend after finished the procedure in Pre-design, should be pre-design again
until no more error messages appear in the report. If not ,when you generate sketch or design
beam calculation, it should be presented as an error result.
Checking Only - Click the radio button if you want to check the reinforced bars of beam and
don't want to alter the bar sketch that generated by pre-design option and edited by you. SADS
will generate a report if some of beam sections are under designed. Before you run this option,
you must complete pre-design of beam option.
Design Beam - Click the radio button to print out the calculation of beams in the building for
the submission to B.D. Before you run this option, you must complete the pre-design of beam
option to generate bar sketch and edit beam sketch using Edit Beam Sketch Sub-command.
Process Options Group Box :

When you click the Pre-design button the Process Options Group Box has 2 following options.
Clear Forces Before Process - Click the radio button if you want the support reactions of
beams set to zero before pre-design of beams. Otherwise skip it.
Adjusting Bars / Stirrups Only - If you made a minor amendment of the beam data and you
wish to keep that layout when you make the pre-design of that beam again. Click the radio
button , SADS will keep the existing layout and adjust the bars or stirrups that less than the
required area only. Otherwise SADS will generate a new sketch.
When you click the Design button the Process Options Group Box has 3 following options.
Plot Loading Sketch - Check the check box if you want to plot the loading sketch in beam
design print out. otherwise do not check it.
Print Detail of Stirrup - In the usual way, SADS prints the detail of stirrups at the three
segments of one selected beam. If you want to print the detail of stirrups in eight segments for
any purpose, check the check box.
Plot Reinforce Bar Sketch - Check the check box if you want to plot the reinforce bar sketch
in beam design print out. otherwise do not check it.
Print Lateral Load - Check the check box to print the detail of lateral load in each span of
beam.
processing.
7.9 Edit Beam Sketch Sub-command

7.9.1 Edit Beam Sketch
The Edit Beam Sketch Sub-command allows you to edit the bar sketch of the beams which have
been generated by SADS.
When you choose Beam Sketch Edit from Beam command of the Module menu or click

will display the Edit Beam Sketch as below.
Edit Beam Sketch.

85 SADS
Select Beam Group Box :

Batch Code - Click the combo box to select the batch ode of those beams which are going
to be edit.
Beams - Click the combo box to select the beam marks in the exiting atch ata .
You may search the desired batch code and beam mark followed the steps of
The display Graphic of this sub-command is generated by SADS, they include three portion.
· The first portion is the details and layout of longitudinal bars of the continuous beam.
· The second portion is the details of stirrups of the continuous beam.
· The third portion is the notation of the beam and its size.
You may use bottom right buttons to perform different functions:
to display the first continuous beam in the batch.
to display the prior continuous beam of the selected beam.
to display the next continuous beam of the selected beam.
to display the last continuous beam in the batch.
to zoom in the sketch drawing for easy editing.
to zoom out the sketch drawing to last level.

to calculate new bar curtailment of reinforced bars.
to save the bar information that you changed.
to cancel the changes that you made.

Beam Command 86
to close the window.
If you want to edit the longitudinal bar, the stirrup or the layout of bar, You may click the longitudinal
bar, stirrup or the space between top bar and bottom bar. The displayed dialog box will be explain
at following sections.
If the continuous beam contains too many spans and cannot be shown in the window area, you
can move the mouse cursor to un-selected area and drag the sketch drawing up or down to make
the invisible part to visible. Furthermore, you can resize the window to view more beams in the
same viewable area.
After you change the longitudinal bars, the curtailment of bars (the position of break points) may
need to be changed, You can click the button to do that.
7.9.2 Edit Longitudinal Bar

If you want to edit the longitudinal bar sketch, click the certain longitudinal bar on
Edit eam ketch .
The longitudinal bar of beam span are divided into 3 segments and 2 parts, the 3 segments are
the left portion, the middle portion and the right portion. The 2 parts are upper part and lower part,
and up to four layer in each part. the sequence of upper part is from top towards bottom and the
sequence of lower part is from bottom to top.
For example, if you click the upper right portion of RBc1, the longitudinal bar dialog box is shown
as below.
In RBc1, the upper right portion has two layers of reinforced bar, the first layer information is 1.90
7Y25 0, the second layer is 1.90 4Y25 0. Now, let us explain the second layer as below.
"1.90" is the distance (in M.) from the right edge to the center of the support. If "0.0" is appear, it
means the left edge of bar segment is not a control break, it laps to the front bar. SADS defined the
value should only be appeared at one field either in left portion or in correspondence field of middle
portion, depend on the location of control break.
"4Y25" is the detail of second bar layer of this portion. "4" is the number of the Y25 bars. "Y"
indicates high tensile bar. "25" is the diameter (in mm) of bar.
"0" is the number of the bar's edge. SADS defined the types of bar into 16 kinds, the number is

87 SADS
from 0 to 15, the followed diagram shows the types of bar edge.
1:
2: 12:
3:
4:
5:
6: 13:
7:
mY25 nY25
8: 14: m>n
9:
10:
15:
11:
The outline of the bar that appears on the bottom boxes are the required area and the ratio.
Required area is the value that calculated by SADS. Ratio is the ratio of actual area and required
area. While you editing the reinforced bar, SADS will provide this ratio instantly. If the value is less
than the allowance of bar area that defined in Beam?2) age f aster ata ub-command ,
SADS will give you a warning. If no value appears on the sketch, it means from calculation point,
does not necessary to arrange the bar in this segment.
You may use the following navigator to change the position of bar portion:
to move to previous span of continuous beam.
to move to next span of continuous beam.
to move around the portions in current span of continuous beam. This is 4 ways button.
To click different part on the button will move the active portion to up, down, left of right.
7.9.3 Edit Stirrup Bar

If you want to edit the stirrup bar, click the certain part of stirrup bar on Edit eam ketch . The
stirrup bars are divided in to 3 portions, left portion, middle portion and right portion.
For example, if you click the right portion stirrups of RBc1, the edit stirrups dialog box is shown as
below.

Beam Command 88
The notation of each part consists of two group data, as RBc1, the right part notations are:
19 Y 10 and 6 @ 190
In the first group data, "19" is the number of stirrups, "Y" indicates high tensile steel bar, "10" is the
diameter (in mm) of stirrup. In second group data, "6" is the leg number of stirrups, "190" is the
space value (in mm) between the stirrups. If these two group data is "0", that mean the
characteristics of stirrups in this portion are same as the middle portion. If no any alphanumerical
notation, that means the number of stirrups in the selected beam should not be specified.
The bottom box Required area is the value that calculated by SADS. Ratio is the ratio of actual
area and required area. While you editing the stirrups, SADS will provide this ratio instantly. If the
value is less than the allowance of bar area that defined in
Beam?2) age f aster ata ub-command , SADS will give you a warning at the "Ratio"
box.
You may use the navigator to move the active portion.
7.9.4 Edit Bar Layout

If you want to edit the layout of longitudinal bar, click a point between top bar line and bottom bar
line on Edit eam ketch .
For example, if you click any point between top line and bottom line in RBc1, the bar layout dialog
box is shown as below.

89 SADS
Bar Layout Group box: You may click or at the top portion of this group box to move the
top longitudinal bar up or down. To move the bottom longitudinal bar, you can click the same
buttons at bottom portion of this group box.
Span Effective Depth Ratio Group box: The values that appear in the box is calculated by
SADS. Usually the actual value should be less than the allowable value.
If the actual value is larger than allowable value, you should edit the longitudinal bar sketch or edit
the beam section on Maintain eam ata ub-command .
You may use the navigator to move the active portion.
7.10 Moment and Shear Envelope Sub-command

The Moment and Shear Envelope Sub-command is use to display and print the moment and shear
envelope curves of beams for your reference only.
When you choose Moment and Shear Envelope from Beam command of the Module menu or click
button on Command utton ar then click button on Sub-command utton ar ,

SADS will display the Moment and Shear Envelope as below.

Beam Command 90
The display Graphic of this sub-command include two portion.

The upper rectangular portion shows the envelope curves of bending moments of the continuous
beam, the value that appear on the left sides denote the value of bending moments(in KN-M).
The lower rectangular portion shows the envelope curves of shears of the continuous beam, the
value that appear on the left sides denote the value of shears(in KN).
Selection Group Box : This is the legend of loading cases, there are some difference check
boxes, each box denote the difference loading case,the symbols that appear at those boxes are:
"D" is dead load, "L" is life load,"U" is up lift, "O" is own weight, "W" is wind load, "S" is soil load
and "N" is dynamic load. You may check the check box for your selection.
Select Beam Group Box :

Batch Code - Click the combo box to select the batch ode of those beams you want.
Beams - Click the combo box to select the beam marks in the exiting atch ata .
You may search the desired batch code and beam mark followed the steps of
Scale Group Box : Drag the scale button and click button to zoom the picture.
If you want to change the color of the curve, click button and amend it.

91 SADS
8 Column Command
8.1 About Column Command
In the Column Command of Module Menu, you can supply the data of column, validate the column
data, pre-design column section, edit reinforced bar, calculate column reinforced bar and drawing
column sketch.
When you choose Column from Module menu, the pull down menu is illustrated as following figure.
Or when you click button, the column sub-command buttons are display as below.

1. Maintain Column Data Sub-command.
2. Print Column Reports Sub-command.
3. Enter Column Forces Sub-command
4. Validate Column Data Sub-command.
5. Take Column Sub-command.
6. Design Column Sub-command.
7. Edit Column Bar Sub-command.
8. Column Loading Plan Sub-command.
9. Beam Column Joint Sub-command.
10. Joint Bar Edit Sub-command.
8.2 Maintain Column Data Sub-command

The Column Data sub-command is use to create a new column data or edit an existing column
data of the building.
When you choose Column Data from Column command of Module menu or click button on
the Maintain Column Data as below.

Column Command 92
Existing Column Mark Group Box : The list box is the listing of the existing column marks which
have previously created. There is a button under the box, so you can rearrange the order of
the existing column mark as you wish. Followed the steps of List ox at Window component.
You may search the desired column mark followed the steps of Incremental earch at "Window
component" topic in "How to use "SADS" chapter.
Header Data :
Column Mark - Enter the alpha numerical up to 8 characters long for the column mark.
Bracing - Check these check box to define braced column. This option is available when
selecting "Define by input data" option in Column Page of Master Data.
Connection - If the column is connected to transfer plate at the highest end, check the check
box. Otherwise, un-check the check box.
Footing - Click the radio button to define the footing of column is hinge or fixed. If you select
hinge connection, the column height at the lowest floor will be deducted by 0.75 when
calculating effective height of column and distributing un-balance moments of beams.
Column Data Group Box :

Floor - The listing of the floor ode that you previously defined in Floor Data Sub-command.
B(mm) - Enter the dimension of column section in X-X direction (in mm), if B=0, indicates the
column does not exist at the space between this floor and the lower floor.
D(mm) - Enter the dimension of column section in Y-Y direction (in mm), if D=0, indicates the
column section is circular.

93 SADS
Angle
D
Hx(M) - Enter the value of the column height in X-X direction (in M), SADS retrieves the value
from the Floor Data Sub-command, if you want to modified the default value for any reason,
type the value in the corresponding field.
Hy(M) - Enter the value of the column height in Y-Y direction (in M).
R.F. - Click the edit box and enter the value of the reduction percentage (in %) of the applied
live load.
Fix - If the check box is checked, the live load reduction percentage of this floor is fixed when
accumulating this live load to all lower floors, otherwise, when accumulate the live load of this
floor to the lower floors, the reduction percentage of lower floors will be used.
Check - Click the Combo box and select the following options. It is the way to check the
reinforced bar of column.
"U" -- To check the reinforcement in optimal way. SADS will arrange the reinforced bars
according to the optimization method.
"S" -- To check the reinforcement in uniform way. SADS will arrange the reinforced bars
uniformly through the edge of column section.
"E" -- To check the reinforcement in equal way. SADS will arrange the reinforced bars of
Width equal to Depth.
"C" -- To check the column as circular section.
"N" -- Do not need to check the reinforcement on this floor.
Connected Beams Group Box : Indicate the number of beam, corbel or H.A. loading which
connected around the column. SADS provides the maximum up to 8 items in each floor connected
to the column. You should define the order of the connected substance, this order should always
be the same at each floor in the same column. The followed figure shows you graphically about the
order of the connected substances in a column.
Beam connected on column.
The information of this group box are:

Beam Mark - Enter the beam marks which connected to the column. If it is a corbel
connected, enter the corbel mark. If it is a H.A loading, enter the value (in KN) in the
appropriate edit box.
Flag - Click the combo box and select the following options.
"L" -- Select "L", if the Left end of beam is connected to column.
"R" -- Select "R", if the Right end of beam is connected to column.
"C" -- Select "C", if corbel is attached to column.
"H" -- Select "H", if it is the value of H.A. loading.
Angle - Indicates the angle from X-axis (Width side) of column to the axis of beam or corbel.
The followed figure shows you graphically about this angle. The valid value is from 0 degree to
360 degrees. Enter the value (in degree) of each beam or corbel, if it is H.A. loading, enter "0".

Column Command 94
K1 K1 K1
RBc11 RB12 1Bc9 1B10 GBc9 GB10
Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 2 Beam 3
Beam 1
Beam 3
Beam 3
RB18
GB16
1B16
ROOF FLOOR 1ST. FLOOR GRD. FLOOR
(Right Order) (Wrong Order)
If you want to copy the column data and the connected beams from upper floor to the lower floor,
highlight any field of the desired floor then click button, SADS will copy all information from
upper floor to this floor.
processing.
8.3 Print Column Report Sub-command

The Print Column Reports Sub-command allows you to print out or display the existing column
data, column section, the bending moments and axial forces of columns that produce from lateral
load or the sketch of column for checking or other purposes.
When you choose Column Reports from Column command of Module menu or click button on
the Print Column Reports as below.
mark is "C".

95 SADS

First Column - Click the combo box to select the beginning column mark which going to be
reported.
Last Column - Click the combo box to select the last column mark which going to be reported.
First Floor - Click the combo box to select the top floor ode of the selected column.
Last Floor - Click the combo box to select the last floor ode of the selected column.
If the "Report Type" is lateral load, the third and forth fields are:
Load Type - Click the combo box to select wind load, soil load or dynamic load you want to
print.
Direction - Click the combo box to select the direction of lateral load: X-X or Y-Y.
Report Type Group Box: Click the radio button and select the subject you want. There are 4
subjects:
Print Input Data - print or display the column for your checking.
List Column Section - print or display the section of columns for the reference to architects.
Print Lateral Load - print or display the moment and shear produced by lateral load for your
checking.
Plot Bar Sketch - plot or display the bar sketch of column for your reference or for the
checking purpose.
processing.
8.4 Enter Column Forces Sub-command

8.4.1 Enter Column Vertical Load
The Enter Column Force Sub-command enables you to enter the vertical loads, un-balance
moments, wind loads or soil loads of the selected column manually. If you do not want to use the
analysis result calculated by SADS for any reason, SADS provides this Sub-command for your
convenience.
When you choose Column Enter Forces from Column command of Module menu or click

will display the Enter Column Forces figure as below.

Column Command 96
Existing Column Mark - The list box is the listing of the existing column marks.

Loads Group Box :

D.L. - Enter the accumulated dead load (in kN) which applied to the selected column in
corresponding floor.
L.L. - Enter the accumulated live load (in kN) which applied to the selected column in
Lex - Enter the effective high of column in x-x direction (in M).
Ley - Enter the effective high of column in y-y direction (in M).

97 SADS
8.4.2 Enter Column Un-balance Moment

If the load type you select on the Enter Forces sub-command is un-balance moment(D.L. or L.L.),
the Loads Group Box will be display as below.

Load Type - Select Moment (D.L.) or Moment (L.L.) from combo box.
Direction - It is disabled when you select these load type.
Loads Group Box :

Mtx - Enter the value of the bending moments of dead loads or live loads at top level of column
along B side. The symbol (+) means clockwise, (-) means anti clockwise.
Mty - Enter the value of the bending moments of dead loads or live loads at top level of column
along D side. The symbol (+) means clockwise, (-) means anti clockwise.
Mbx - Enter the value of the bending moments of dead loads or live loads at bottom level of
column along B side. The symbol (+) means clockwise, (-) means anti clockwise.
Mby - Enter the value of the bending moments of dead loads or live loads at bottom level of
column along D side. The symbol (+) means clockwise, (-) means anti clockwise.

Column Command 98
8.4.3 Enter Column Additional Load

If the load type you select on the Enter Forces sub-command is Additional (D.L. or L.L.), the Loads
Group Box will be display as below.

Load Type - Select Additional (D.L.) or Additional (L.L.) from combo box.
Direction - It is disabled when you select these load type.
Loads Group Box :

Mark - Enter the mark of additional load for printing in column design report.
P - Enter the additional axial load (in kN).
Mx - Enter the additional bending moment in X-X direction (in kN-M). The symbol (+) means
clockwise, (-) means anti clockwise.
My - Enter the additional bending moment in Y-Y direction (in kN-M). The symbol (+) means
clockwise, (-) means anti clockwise.

99 SADS
8.4.4 Enter Column Lateral Load

If the load type you select on the Enter Forces sub-command is "wind load" or "soil load" or
"dynamic load", the Loads Group Box will be display as below.

Loads Group Box :

Mtx - Enter the value of the bending moments (in kN-M) at top level of column along B side.
Mty - Enter the value of the bending moments (in kN-M) at top level of column along D side.
Mbx - Enter the bending moments (in kN-M) at bottom level of column along B side.
Mby - Enter the bending moments (in kN-M) at bottom level of column along D side.
Vx - Indicates the shear of column (in kN) along B side. Enter the value in it.
Vy - Indicates the shear of column (in kN) along D side. Enter the value in it.
P - Enter the axial force due to the wind load.
8.5 Validate Column Data Sub-command

The Validate Column Data Sub-command is use to make a validation about the column data you
When you choose Column Validation from Column command of Module menu or click button

display the Validate Column Data as below.

Column Command 100
mark is "C".
Print Jobs Group Box: Refer to Print olumn eport ub-command .
processing.
8.6 Take Column Loding Sub-command

The Take Column Loading Sub-command is use to collect the vertical loads of the columns (i.e.,
dead load and live load) which applied to each structural floor and accumulated from the top floor
progress in sequence towards to the bottom floor. Besides, SADS will offer calculation report of the
columns loading for the submission to B.D.. Before you run this Sub-command, make sure that you
have already pre-design the beam.
When you choose Column Take Loading from Column command of Module menu or click

will display the Take Column Loading as below.

101 SADS
mark is "CL".

First Column - Use the combo box to select the beginning column mark which going to be
taken the loading.
Last Column - Use the combo box to select the last column mark which going to be taken the
loading.
Report Option Group Box: Click the combo box and select the floor ode you want to start for
printing.
processing.
8.7 Design Column Sub-command

The Column Design Sub-command enables you to Pre-design and design the columns.
When you choose Design Column from Column command of Module menu or click button on
the Design Column as below.

Column Command 102
mark is "C".
Report Type Group Box: Click the radio button and select Pre-design column or Design Column.
Pre-design Column - Click the radio button if you want to Pre-design the column. It enables
you to checking the column section whether it is enough to against the bending moments and
axial forces, calculate the reinforced bar area of the column in each floor, provide the diameter
and number of reinforced bar according to the result of calculation. At the same time, SADS
will print a report about the area, number and diameter of reinforced bar, if the reinforced ratio
is over the maximum value, SADS will give a value of "###" to remind you. You may then use
the report to modify column data which are not enough. Before you wish to execute this
program, you should take again the column loading.
Checking Only - Click the radio button if you want to check the reinforced bars without alter
the sketch of column sketch. SADS will generate a report if some of column sections are under
designed. Before you run this option, you must complete the Pre-design of columns.
Design Column - Click the radio button to print out the calculation of walls in the building for
the submission to B.D. Before you run this option, you must complete the Pre-design of
columns and edit the sketch of columns.
Plot Options Group Box: When you click the Design button the Options Group Box will display
the following option.
Plot Reinforce Bar Sketch - Check the check box if you want to plot the reinforce bar sketch
in column design print out. otherwise do not check it.
Print All Cases - Check the check box if you want to print the calculation results for all loading
cases.
processing.

103 SADS
8.8 Edit Column Bar Sub-command

The Edit Column Bar Sub-command allows you to edit the reinforced bars of columns which had
been pre-designed and certainly all right.
When you choose Edit Column Bar from Column command of Module menu or click button on
the Edit Column Bar as below.
Sagging moments in X-X direction on the RHS of column.
have previously created. If you wish to edit the reinforced bars of existing column, click the column
mark and edit it.
Column Bars Group Box : This group has four information : "Floor" is the floor code of the
column, it should not be altered. "Section" is the information that you input in the column data
previously, it also should not be altered. "Check" is the only box that you can edit, after SADS
calculated the reinforcement ratio (r), you experiential want to make correction of the checking
option, you may edit the check field, the options are as the olumn ata ub-command . "r(%)"
is the reinforcement ratio that had been calculate by SADS in column pre-design, it should not be
altered too.
If you want to view graphically about the existing column bar, click button, SADS will then
graphically display the column bar on the dialog box.
Bar Diameters Group Box : You may edit the values of this group box as your desired.
Diameter - The diameter (in mm) of reinforced bars. SADS provides up to two different

Column Command 104
diameters in each section named the main bar and the alternative bar, the main bar must be
always larger than alternative bar.
Bar along B Side Group Box : Indicate the reinforced bar which located at X-X direction. Same
as above, you may edit the values of this group box as your desired.
Area - The area of reinforced bar in X-X direction. This field should not be altered by the user.
Main Bar - The number of the main reinforced bar which located at X-X direction. SADS
provided up to two layer of main bar, the number of bar is correspond to the above "Diameter".
If you want to edit, click the edit box and enter the number of bar, SADS will give the warning if
the ratio is smaller than the defined value at the Column age f aster ata ub-
command.
Alternative Bar - The number of the alternative reinforced bar which located at X-X direction.
SADS provided up to two layer of alternative bar, the number of bar is correspond to the above
"Diameter". Same as Main Bar, you can edit it.
Space - Indicate the spaces of main bar and alternative bar at X-X direction. If you want to
edit, click the edit box and enter the value, SADS will give the warning if the space is not
satisfied the defined value at the Column age f aster ata ub-command .
Ratio - The ratio of actual area and required area (in %) of reinforced bars in X-X direction .
This field should not be altered by the user.
Bar along D Side Group Box : Indicate the reinforced bar which located at Y-Y direction. You
may edit the values of this group box as your desired. All the information of this group box is same
as the B side, refer to above section.
Check Result Group Box : If you change the reinforced bars, you may click button to check
whether the new reinforced bars is enough or not. The results of calculation are displayed in these
pages.
Strength Design Page:
Load Case - display the critical load case for limit state design.
Rein.Ratio - display the reinforcement ratio.
Fraction - display the fraction of the critical load case.
Crack Control Page:
Load Case - display the critical load case for serviceability.
Rein.Ratio - display the reinforcement ratio.
Crack Width - display the width of crack, unit: mm.
8.9 Column Loading Plane Sub-command

The Column Loading Plane Sub-command allows you to print, display or plot loading plane of the
existing columns for checking or for the reference of foundation design of the building.
When you choose the Column Loading Plane from Column command of Module menu or click
button on Command utton ar then click button Sub-command utton ar , SADS

will display the Column Loading Plane as below.

105 SADS
mark is "CL".
Print Jobs Group Box: Refer to Take olumn oading ub-command .
Output Options Group Box:

Print option - print or display column loading plane.
Plot option - generate AutoLISP data files and AutoCAD script file. You can use the script file
and data files to produce AutoCAD drawing and plot the loading plane inside SADS or by using
AutoCAD program.
Export option - generate a text file contained column loading plane. You may use this text file
to generate customize report.
Position Group Box: Specify the position of loading plane by a floor code. If you select
FOOTING, SADS will print, export or plot the loading plane at the bottom of columns. If you select
a floor code, e.g. GRD., SADS will print, export or plot loading plane above the floor code - GRD.,
exclude GRD. floor.
Factors Group Box:
Total Load - Enter the value of the allowance factor of dead load and live load.
Dead Load - Enter the value of the allowance factor of dead load only.
Wind Load -Enter the value of the allowance factor of wind load.
Soil Load - Enter the value of the allowance factor of soil load.
Dynamic Load - Enter the value of the allowance factor of dynamic load.
processing.
If you select plot option in output options group box, SADS will display a preview window as below:

Column Command 106
Script Name - Enter the name of script file. The maximum length of the name is 6 characters.
Link Online - Check the check box if you like to run the AutoCAD program automatically
inside SADS. Other wise skip it.
Close When Finish - Check the check box if you want SADS to close AutoCAD program
when all drawing are generated.
You may use the following buttons to perform difference tasks:
- Hold the left button of mouse to drag a rectangular area, then click the zoom in button to
zoom the rectangular area.
- Click the zoom out button to return to the previous zoom level.
- Click the zoom all button to return to the original zoom level.
- Click the page up button to switch to previous drawing.
- Click the page down button to switch to next drawing.
- If you check the "Link Online" check box, when you click "OK" button, SADS will run the
AutoCAD program automatically and display the drawing. If you uncheck the "Link
Online" check box, when you click "OK" button, SADS will then generate AutoLISP data
files and AutoCAD Script file, these files are stored in project data folder. When you run
AutoCAD program, you may choose Tools | Run Script menu, then select the script file
from dialog box, the AutoLISP program will generate all drawings.
- Click the cancel button to cancel the processing.

107 SADS
9 Beam-column Joint Command

9.1 About Beam-column Joint Command
The Beam-column Joint Command allows you to check the beam-column joints according with
Clause 6.8 in CP2004. Due to the limitation of formulas in Clause 6.8, this checking is available for
rectangular section column. All circular section columns are skipped in this checking. Also, all
connected beams should either parallel to X axis or Y axis. The beams that in diagonal directions
will be ignored. But, if you set maximum eviation ngle in Joint Page of Master Data to greater
than zero, SADS will considers connected beams that have deviation angle with X axis or Y axis
into checking of beam-column joint.
All data for this checking are retrieved from SADS database. Users don't need to input any extra
data. These data are retrieved when you run Beam Pre-design Sub-command and Column Pre-
design Sub-command. So, you should make sure that these 2 sub-command were run
successfully before you run the Beam-column Joint Design Sub-command.
The most important requirement of the retrieved data is the consistency between beam support
data and column beam data. The following example explains this requirement.
In column data, there are 4 beams (TB3, TB4, TB9 and TB10) are connected to column C5. In
beam batch data, there are 2 continuous beams (TB3~TB4 and TB9~TB10) using column C5 as
its support. The column beam data must be input as below.
Beam mark Flag Angle
TB3 R 180
TB4 L 0
TB9 R 270
TB10 L 90
The direction field in batch data of TB3~TB4 must be X and TB9~TB10 must be Y. The second
support in batch data of these 2 continuous beams must be C5 with type CL. Any error of these

Beam-column Joint Command 108
data will cause problems in beam-column joint design and will be listed in pre-design procedure.
You must fix all listed problems and run pre-design again until no more error is listed.
When you choose Beam-column Joint from Module menu, the pull down menu is illustrated as
following figure.
Or when you click button, the beam-column joint sub-command buttons are display as below.

1. Joint Data Sub-command.
2. Joint Enter Forces Sub-command
3. Joint Design Sub-command.
4. Joint Edit Bars Sub-command.
9.2 Change Joint Data Sub-command

The Change Joint Data sub-command is used to edit an joint data that generated by Beam Pre-
design sub-command and Column Pre-design sub-command. Usually, all beams that connected to
a column at the same floor have the same level. In this case, you don't need to change this joint
data. In same special cases, these beams may have different levels. You may use this sub-
command to change the joint data to reflex these cases.
When you choose Joint Data from Joint command of Module menu or click button on
the Change Joint Data as below.

109 SADS
Joint Beams Group Box :

X-X(LHS) - Beam mark in X-X direction on the left hand side of column.
X-X(RHS) - Beam mark in X-X direction on the right hand side of column.
Y-Y(LHS) - Beam mark in Y-Y direction on the left hand side of column.
X-X(RHS) - Beam mark in Y-Y direction on the right hand side of column.
If the connected beams have different levels on particular floor, you may click one of the beam on
the floor and click Expend button to insert an addition level of floor. Then, you may click the
beam that you want to move to different level and click the Move Up button or Move Down
button . This sub-command allows you to expend up to 4 different levels in one floor. If you find
that you have expend too many levels, you may click the redundant level and click the Shrink
button to remove the level. All beams in the removing level will be move up or move down to
the next level.
processing.
9.3 Enter Joint Forces Sub-command

The bending moments of connected beams are generated from Beam Pre-design sub-command.
You should not enter these moments by hand. If you find all these moments are zero, you should
run Beam Pre-design sub-command to get these moments. SADS shows these moments in the
sub-command for your reference only.

When you choose Joint Enter Forces from Joint command of Module menu or click button on
the Enter Joint Forces as below.
Options Group Box :

Load Case : SADS collects the bending moments in following loading cases.
Final Envelop - These moments are same as the moments printed in moment envelop on
beam design report.
.
D+L+(S) - Moments in dead load plus imposed load plus lateral soil load[1]
.
[1]
D+(S) - Moments in dead load plus lateral soil load
D+L+(S)+Wind - Moments in dead load plus imposed load plus lateral soil load[1] plus wind
load .
.
D+(S)+Wind - Moments in dead load plus lateral soil load[1] plus wind load
D+L+(S)+Dynamic - Moments in dead load plus imposed load plus lateral soil load[1] plus
dynamic load .
D+(S)+Dynamic - Moments in dead load plus lateral soil load[1] plus dynamic load .
O+U - Moments in structural own weight plus up lift load.
O+U+Wind - Moments in structural own weight plus up lift load plus wind load.
O+U+Dynamic - Moments in structural own weight plus up lift load plus dynamic load.
If your project does not include some load, e.g. dynamic load, all moments in corresponding
loading cases will be zero.
Note 1: The soil load will be added when it make a worse case only.

111 SADS
Joint Moments Group Box :

-Mxl - Hogging moments in X-X direction on the LHS of column.
+Mxl - Sagging moments in X-X direction on the LHS of column.
-Mxr - Hogging moments in X-X direction on the RHS of column.
+Mxr - Sagging moments in X-X direction on the RHS of column.
-Myl - Hogging moments in Y-Y direction on the LHS of column.
+Myl - Sagging moments in Y-Y direction on the LHS of column.
-Myr - Hogging moments in Y-Y direction on the RHS of column.
+Myr - Sagging moments in Y-Y direction on the RHS of column.
9.4 Design Joint Sub-command
When you choose the Joint Design from Joint command of Module menu or click button on
the Beam-column Joint Design as below.
mark is "J".
Report Type Group Box: Click the radio button and select Pre-design Joint or Design Joint.
Pre-design Column - Click the radio button if you want to Pre-design the joint. It validates data
and displays any errors on screen. It checks the joint shear and prompts when the shear is
greater than the maximum allowable shear. It provides the diameter and number of closed
links according to the result of calculation.
Design Column - Click the radio button to print out the calculation of beam-column joints in
the building for the submission to B.D. Before you run this option, you must complete the pre-

design of joints and edit the sketch of joints if it is necessary.
9.5 Edit Joint Bars Sub-command

If you don't satisfy the provided reinforced bars by pre-design joint sub-command, you may run the
edit beam-column joint bars sub-command to adjust these bars.
When you choose the Joint Edit Bars from Joint command of Module menu or click button on
the Beam-column Joint Edit as below.
have previously created. If you wish to edit the joint reinforced bars on existing column, click the
column mark and edit it.
Direction Group Box: You may click Horizontal or Vertical options to display the bars of horizontal
links or vertical links.
Joint Reinforced Bars Group Box : This group has 11 fields.
Floor - The floor code of the column, it should not be altered.
Ax - The required bar area in X-X direction.
Nx - The number of provided closed links in X-X direction.
Dx - The diameter of provided closed links in X-X direction.
Leg - the leg number of provided closed links in X-X direction.
Ratio - The ratio of provided bar area and required bar area in X-X direction. If this ratio is less
than 1.0, the number is shown with red color to warn the user.
Ay - The required bar area in Y-Y direction.

113 SADS
Ny - The number of provided closed links in Y-Y direction.

Dy - The diameter of provided closed links in Y-Y direction.
Leg - the leg number of provided closed links in Y-Y direction.
Ratio - The ratio of provided bar area and required bar area in X-X direction. If this ratio is less
than 1.0, the number is shown with red color to warn the user.
10 Analysis Command
10.1 About Analysis
In the Analysis Command of Module Menu, you can supply plain frame data, and three dimension
analysis data, combine with the data of beams, columns and walls to evaluate the moments,
shears, axial loads of beams, columns and walls. Besides, this module will evaluate the lateral
deflection of the building at the mean time.
When you choose Analysis command from Module menu, the pull down menu is illustrated as
following figure.
Or when you click button on , the analysis sub-command buttons are display as below.

1. Generate SADS Data Sub-command.
2. Linking ETABS Sub-command.
3. Custom Import Forces Sub-command.
4. Clear Lateral Load Sub-command.
10.2 Generate SADS Data Sub-command

10.2.1 Overview
The Generate SADS Data sub-command is use to generate SADS data based on ETABS mdb
output data. You should use this sub-command just after a new project is created.
The ETABS MDB Access database must contain following tables.

1. Control Parameters table.
2. Point Coordinates table.
3. Floor Connectivity Data table.

Analysis Command 114
4. Area Piers/Spandrels table.

5. Beam Connectivity Data table.
6. Column Connectivity Data table.
7. Coordinate Systems table or Grid Lines table.
8. Frame Local Axes table or Line Local Axes table.
9. Frame Section Assignments table.
10. Frame Section Properties table.
11. Material Properties table.
12. Pier Section Properties table.
13. Shell Section Properties table.
14. Story Data table.
15. Wall Connectivity Data table.
16. Wall/Slab/Deck/Opening Assigns.
17. Beam Forces table
The sub-command will generate the following data files.

1. Batch code data;
2. Floor data;
3. Beam batch data;
4. Beam data;
5. Column data;
6. Wall data;
7. Wall section data;
8. Wall load data;
9. Lintel beam data;
10. Lintel beam load.
If there are existing data in the project folder, the sub-command will clear these data first. To
prevent your existing data be deleted accidentally, SADS will disable this generate function
automatically when the existing data be detected.
If ETABS does not include slabs and / or secondary beams, you need to input these data manually
after the data generation is completed.
The Generate SADS Data sub-command uses the same map data with Link TABS ata sub-
command. If you have generated SADS data with this sub-command, the mapping section of Link
ETABS Data sub-command is done automatically, except the loading case mapping.
10.2.2 Recommendation
The following recommendations are applied to both Generate SADS Data Sub-command and Link
ETABS Data Sub-command.
The recommendations for computer hardware:

1. Dual monitor or large size wide screen monitor to display framing plan in these modules;
2. Color printer to print framing plan in these modules.
The recommendations for preparing ETABS data:

1. Make the level names in ETABS same as the floor codes in SADS;
2. Make the pier names in ETABS same as the wall marks or sub-wall marks in SADS;
3. Make the line names in ETABS same as the column marks in SADS;
4. Prevent to define multiple bays for one span of beam in SADS.
If your ETABS MDB file does not meet the recommendation, the Generating SADS Data and
Linking ETABS Data modules will still accept these MDB files. But, you may make more key
strokes and SADS will do more works.

115 SADS
ETABS has a rule for defining I-end and J-end of bays. This rule may not match with the rule for
defining LHS end and RHS end in SADS. The following example demonstrates the different
between SADS and ETABS.
C2 a
C1
I-end
8000
C3 a C4
J-end
I-end
C5
3800
C6
J-end C7
8000 3800
· For horizontal bay, ETABS sets the I-end to left end and J-end to right end. For example, the
bay between C1 and C2, the I-end is taken at C1 and J-end is taken at C2. This is then
same as SADS
· For vertical bay, ETABS sets the I-end to lower end and J-end to upper end. For example,
the bay between C1 and C3, the I-end is taken at C3 and J-end is taken at C1. This is the
same as SADS also.
· For diagonal bay, SADS is using blocked region to define LHS and RHS ends. The blocked
region can be changed in these modules. The default blocked region is 120° to 300°. For bay
between line C3 and C6 in above example, the incline angle a = ArcTan[(-3800)/8000] =
334.59°. This angle is in un-blocked region and SADS sets line C3 as LHS end and line C6
as RHS end. For this bay, ETABS sets C3 as I-end and C6 as J-end. It is matched. For bay
between line C2 and C5 in above example, the incline angle a = ArcTan[-8000/(3800)] =
295.41.41°. This angle is in blocked region and SADS sets line C5 as LHS end and line C2 is
RHS end. But, ETABS sets C2 as I-end and C5 as J-end. It is reversed.
SADS will scan all bays and flags all bays that need to reversed.
· For horizontal bay, ETABS sets the I-end to left end and J-end to right end. For example, the
bay between C1 and C2, the I-end is taken at C1 and J-end is taken at C2. This is then
same as SADS
· For vertical bay, ETABS sets the I-end to lower end and J-end to upper end. For example,
the bay between C1 and C3, the I-end is taken at C3 and J-end is taken at C1. This is the
same as SADS also.
· For diagonal bay, SADS is using blocked region to define LHS and RHS ends. The blocked
region can be changed in these modules. The default blocked region is 120° to 300°. For bay
between line C3 and C6 in above example, the incline angle a = ArcTan[(-3800)/8000] =
334.59°. This angle is in un-blocked region and SADS sets line C3 as LHS end and line C6
as RHS end. For this bay, ETABS sets C3 as I-end and C6 as J-end. It is matched. For bay
between line C2 and C5 in above example, the incline angle a = ArcTan[-8000/(3800)] =
295.41.41°. This angle is in blocked region and SADS sets line C5 as LHS end and line C2 is
RHS end. But, ETABS sets C2 as I-end and C5 as J-end. It is reversed.
SADS will scan all bays and flags all bays that need to reversed.

10.2.3 Functions Page
When you choose Generate Data from Analysis command of Module menu or click button on
the Generate SADS Data window as below.
At the first time you enter the window, there is no mapping files in the project folder. So, the
window has Functions page only. In the ETABS Name group box, the model name is retrieved
automatically. This sub-command searches the MDB files in project folder and lists the file names
in the combo box.
ETABS Name Group Box : The combo box shows the name of available ETABS MDB output
files, not include the extension name. If you have more than one set of ETABS MDB output
files, you may click the drop down arrow button to select the file that you want to process. We
are recommend to put one set of MDB output files in one project data folder.
Mapping Options Group Box :

Copy Level Name: If you follow the recommendation in Recommendation opic , all level
names are same as the floor codes in the project, you may check the check box.
Otherwise, you should not check the check box.
Copy Pier Name: If you follow the recommendation in Recommendation opic , all pier names
are same as the wall marks in the project, you may check the check box. Otherwise, you
should not check the check box.
Beam Options Group Box :

Mark Options :
Prefix + Bay name: SADS will generate beam marks as prefix plus the bay name in
ETABS files. The prefix is define in Batch ap age .
Prefix + B + Sequential number: SADS will generate beam marks as prefix plus

117 SADS
character "B" plus a sequential number. The sequential numbers are sorted by
positions of beams, from left to right and from lower to upper.
Prefix + B + X/Y + Sequential Number: SADS will generate the beam marks as prefix
plus character "B" plus character "X" or "Y" plus a sequential number. For beam in
X-X direction, "X" character is used, otherwise "Y" character is used. The sequential
numbers are sorted by positions of beam also, and the numbering is separated in 2
different directions.
Enter beam marks by hand: You may select to generate the beam marks by entering
these marks manually.
Check wind every XX floors: If your project has typical floors, you may define this number.
SADS will generate lateral loads checking flag in beam batch data.
Max. Different Angle: You may define a small number in the field. If 2 adjacent beams have
an incline angle that not greater than the defined value, SADS will consider these 2 beams
as continuous beam.
Block region:from & to: You should enter the starting angle and the ending angle of block
region.
Auto search associate beams: If you check the check box, SADS will search the bays that
have possible associate beams. Otherwise, you should verify these bays in Bay Map page
and check the Is Asso check box.
Column Options Group Box :

Mark Options :
Line name: SADS will generate the column marks that same as line names in ETABS
files.
C + Sequential number: SADS will generate column marks as character "C" plus a
sequential number. The sequential numbers are sorted by positions of columns,
from left to right and from lower to upper.
Enter column marks by hand: You may select to generate the column marks by entering
these marks manually.
Braced Column check box: You may use this check box to generate braced columns or un-
braced columns. This option applies to all columns.
Hinged Footing check box: You may use this check box to generate hinged footing or fixed
footing columns. this option applies to all columns.
Maximum reduction: SADS will use this data to generate the imposed load reduction factors
at all floor levels.
Check code X at XX floors: You may specify the check code you like to use (U, S or E). Also,
you may specify interval number of floor for checking column sections.
Default concrete cover: The default value will apply all columns at all floors. If the concrete
cover has different value a some floors, you may use Floor Data sub-command to change
it.
Slab Option:
Ignore slab elements: If your MDB file contains area elements and you don't want to generate
slab using these elements, you should check this check box.
Wall Options :
Check section every XX floors : You may specify a interval number of floor for checking wall
sections.
Default wall cover : The default value will apply all walls at all floors. If the concrete cover has
different value a some floors, you may use Floor Data sub-command to change it.
Lintel Options:
Mark Options:
LB+Sequential number: SADS will generate lintel marks as characters "LB" plus a
sequential number. The sequential numbers are sorted by positions of lintels, from left
to right and from lower to upper.

Enter lintel mark by hand: You may select to generate the beam marks by entering these
marks manually.
Auto search lintel beams If you check the check box, SADS will search the bays
corresponding to lintel beams. Otherwise, you should verify these bays in Bay Map page
and check the Is Lintel check box.
Check section every XX floors : You may specify a interval number of floor for checking lintel
sections.
Default concrete cover : The default value will be used to generate lintel beam data.
After you have selected all options, you may click the button to generate material map
data. A new page - Material page appear on the window. The button is used to
display framing plan of building and will be explained atter . If you want to close the window, you
may click the button.
10.2.4 Material Page

If the Material Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Material Tab to display the Material
Page. Otherwise click the button from function page.
The Material field in Material Map grid is retrieved from ETABS MDB output files. The Material field
is read only. The concrete grade field are mapped by SADS based on the value of elastic module
of concrete in ETABS file. You may change the concrete grade if you find the mapping is not
correct. If there are some redundant data, you may use the speed button to delete them.
processing.

119 SADS
10.2.5 Floor Map Page

If the Floor Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Floor Map Tab to display the Floor
Map Page. Otherwise click the button from function page.
Floor Map Grid :

Level Name: The data in the field are retrieved from ETABS files. This field is read only.
Floor Code: If you checked the Copy Level name check box in function page, SADS will copy
the level names to floor code field. You need not to enter the floor codes manually.
Level: The data in the field are retrieved from ETABS files.
Cl. Concrete: The concrete grade for columns. The value is mapped by SADS. You may
change the value if you find this value is not correct.
Wl. Concrete: The concrete grade for walls. The value is mapped by SADS. You may change
the value if you find this value is not correct.
Batch C.: The batch code for slabs and beams. There is no related data in the ETABS files.
You should enter these data manually.
You may use the Insert button to insert a new row and Delete button to delete the
highlighted row. In most cases, the map data retrieved from MDB file are correct. You should use
these 2 buttons carefully.
processing.

10.2.6 Batch Map Page

If the Batch Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Batch Map Tab to display the
Batch Map Page. Otherwise click the button from function page.
Batch Map Grid :

Batch: The batch codes is input from Floor Map Page. This field is read only.
Prefix: The prefix of beam marks and slab marks.
Concrete: The concrete grade for slabs and beams. The value is mapped by SADS. You may
change the value if you find this value is not correct.
B.B.C: The beam concrete cover at bottom of section, unit: mm.
B.T.C: The beam concrete cover at top of section, unit: mm. If you don't select Multiple
concrete cover check box in Master Data, this field is disabled.
B.S.C: The beam concrete cover at side of section, unit: mm. If you don't select Multiple
concrete cover check box in Master Data, this field is disabled.
B.Min.LL: The minimum imposed load on beam, unit: kN.
S.B.C: The slab concrete cover at bottom of section, unit: mm.
S.T.C: The Slab concrete cover at top of section, unit: mm. If you don't select Multiple concrete
cover check box in Master Data, this field is disabled.
Sb Fin.: The finish weight of slab, unit: kN/M2.
Sb Part.: The partition weight of slab, unit: kN/M2.
Sb Live: The imposed load of slab, unit: kN/M2.
S.Min.LL: The minimum imposed load on slab, unit: kN/M.
For the Insert and Delete button, please refer to Floor ap age .
processing.

121 SADS
10.2.7 Line Map Page

This Line Map Page will be skipped if there is no column in your project.
If the Line Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Line Map Tab to display the Line
Line Map Grid :

Line Name: The data in the field are retrieved from ETABS files. This field is read only.
Point Name: The data in the field are retrieved from ETABS files. This field is read only.
Col.Mark: The column marks for SADS database. If you select Enter column mark by hand
option in Function page, the field is blank and you should enter the column marks
manually. Otherwise, SADS will generate column marks according with your option in
Function page.
Braced X and Braced Y: If you checked the Braced Column check box in Function page, the
Braced X and Braced Y are checked. Otherwise, they are un-checked. You may change
the status for some specific columns if it is necessary.
Trans. P: If there is a transferred plate on the top of column, the check box is checked,
otherwise, it is un-checked.
processing.

10.2.8 Pier Map Page

This Pier Map Page will be skipped if there is no shear wall or core wall in your project.
If the Pier Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Pier Map Tab to display the Pier
Pier Map Grid :

Pier Name: The data in the field are retrieved from ETABS files. This field is read only.
Wall Mark: The wall marks for SADS database. If you checked the Copy Pier Name check box
in Function page, SADS will generate wall mark based on the pier names. Otherwise, you
should enter the wall marks manually.
Reverse: If the major axis of ETABS section is along X-X direction of local axis of SADS wall,
the value of reverse field is false, otherwise, the value is true. The reverse values are
searched by SADS and the field is set to read only.
Sub-wall: If the pier (wall) is a sub-wall in SADS, you should check the check box.
Main wall: After you check the Sub-wall check box, the status of Main Wall field will be
changed to available. You should enter the mark of main wall for this pier (wall).
Bend X and Bend Y: these 2 fields are corresponding to Bending Along X and Bending Along
Y in Wall Data sub-command. The default of these fields are set to true (checked). You
may change the values for shear walls that the moments along minor axis are neglect
able.
processing.

123 SADS
10.2.9 Bay Map Page

If the Bay Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Bay Map Tab to display the Bay
Bay Map Grid :

Bay Name: The data in the field are retrieved from ETABS files. This field is read only.
Is Lintel: If you check the Auto search lintel beam check box in Function Page, SADS checks
or un-checks these check boxes for you. Otherwise, you should check or un-check these
check boxes manually.
Mark: If the auto search is selected and you select 'LB'+Sequential number in mark option, the
lintel mark will be generated automatically. If not, you should enter the mark of the lintel
beam manually.
Is Asso.: If you check the Auto search associate beam check box in Function Page, SADS
checks or un-checks these check boxes. If the associate beams cannot be verified by
search function, SADS prints a report and ask you to define those beams by yourself.
2nd.B.: The secondary beams may have duplicated marks. In this case, auto generate beam
mark cannot work properly. Also, the secondary beams are not carrying lateral load in
SADS; the lateral forces should not be imported from ETABS file to SADS database. So,
you need to check these boxes if the beams are secondary beams.
Line I and Line J: The line names at both end of bays. These data are retrieved from ETABS
files. These fields are read only.
Revs.: SADS assumes that the end I is located at the left hand side of beam in X-X direction
and at lower end of beam in Y-Y direction. If it is not true, SADS will set the reverse field to
true, i.e. the end condition is reversed. The values of the field are searched by SADS and
set the field to read only.
processing. If you click Save button, SADS will display Framing Plan window for editing beam map

data. The functions of Framing Plan window will be explain in Display Framing Plan topic.
10.2.10 Area Map Page

This Area Map Page will be skipped if there is no slab in your project or you check the Ignore slab
elements in Function Page.
If the Area Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Area Map Tab to display the Area
Area Map Grid :

Area Name: The data in the field are retrieved from ETABS files. This field is read only.
Short L: The short span of slab. When the area is rectangle, this span is calculated based on
nodes of area. You should adjust this span to the actual length of span.
Long L: The long span of slab. When the area is rectangle, this span is calculated based on
nodes of area. You should adjust this span to the actual length of span also.
End1, End2, End3 & End4: The point names at corners of area. These data are retrieved
from ETABS files. These fields are read only.
processing.

125 SADS
10.2.11 Generating Data

After you have completed the mapping process and have reviewed the framing plan, you may
return to the Function Page by clicking Function Tab.
You may find the Map button is changed to Generate button. This change indicates the mapping is
done. You may click the Framing button to display the framing plan of the building to verify whether
the data is correct or not. If you make sure the framing plan is correct, you can click the Generate
button to generate SADS data using ETABS MDB file. You may check the generated SADS data
listed in Overview topic.
After you generate SADS data, the Generate button will be disabled and you should un-check the
Lock Generate Button check in Draw raming lan ption dialog box. Further more, when you
click the Generate button on project with existing SADS data, there are double warning dialog box
is displayed for safety of your data.
10.3 Link ETABS Data Sub-command

10.3.1 Overview
The Link ETABS Data sub-command is designed for helping the users to link between ETABS and
SADS 11. Using the link, SADS can import the forces of beams, columns and walls from ETABS
MDB output file to SADS 11 database. Furthermore, SADS can update the section properties in
ETABS e2k input file based on the sections of beams, columns and walls that stored in SADS 11
database. The sub-command does not attempt to create a whole ETABS e2k input file.
Before you use this sub-command, you should complete the following work.
1. Prepare a complete SADS project files and validate this project files.
2. Copy ETABS MDB output files and ETABS e2k input files to SADS project data folder.
There two part in the sub-command.

1. Mapping ETABS data with SADS data.

2. Processing ETABS data.
The mapping section needs MDB Access database that contain following tables.
1. Control Parameters table
2. Area Piers/Spandrels table.
3. Beam Connectivity Data table.
4. Beam Forces table.
5. Column Connectivity Data table.
6. Column Forces table.
7. Coordinate Systems table or Grid Lines table.
8. Frame Local Axes table or Line Local Axes table.
9. Frame Section Assignments table.
10. Frame Section Properties table.
11. Material Properties table.
12. Pier Forces table.
13. Pier Section Properties table.
14. Shell Section Properties table.
15. Story Data table.
16. Wall Connectivity Data table.
17. Wall/Slab/Deck/Opening Assigns.
The processing section relies the remark lines in ETABS e2k input file. If you are using ETABS 7~9
and export the e2k file, the similar remark lines are inserted properly. If you prepare the ETABS
input file by yourself, or you change the remark lines in generated input file, you must make sure
the following keywords is included in remark lines of following data sections.
Data section Keyword

Story section STORIES
Material property section MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Frame sections section FRAME SECTIONS
Wall/slab/deck property section WALL/SLAB/DECK PROPERTIES
Pier/spandrel name section PIER/SPANDREL NAMES
Line connectivity section LINE CONNECTIVITIES
Line assignment section LINE ASSIGN
Area assignment section AREA ASSIGN
Static load section STATIC LOADS
The keywords are case insensitive.
The Link ETABS Data sub-command uses the same map data with Generate ADS ata sub-
command. If you have generated SADS data with this sub-command, the mapping section is done,
except the load case mapping. You can finish the load case mapping and go to process ection
directly.
10.3.2 Functions Page
When you choose Generate Data from Analysis command of Module menu or click button on
the Generate SADS Data window as below.

127 SADS
At the first time you enter the window, there is no mapping files in the project folder. So, the
window has Functions page only. In the ETABS Name group box, the model name is retrieved
automatically. This sub-command searches the MDB files in project folder and lists the file names
in the combo box.
ETABS Name Group Box : The combo box shows the name of available ETABS MDB output
files, not include the extension name. If you have more than one set of ETABS MDB output files,
you may click the drop down arrow button to select the file that you want to process. We are
recommend to put one set of MDB output files in one project data folder.
Mapping Options Group Box :

Retrieve Floor Codes: If the floor structure of ETABS is the same as SADS, you may check
the check box. Same floor structure does not mean that the level names of ETABS the
same as the floor codes of SADS. For example, the floors in both ETABS and SADS from
lower to upper are lower ground, ground floor, 1st. floor, 2nd. floor, etc. The level names in
ETABS are L/GF, GR/F, 01/F, 02/F, etc. The floor codes in SADS are L/FL, G/FL, 1/FL,
2/FL, etc. You may consider the floor structures are the same and check the check box.
Copy Line Name: If you follow the recommendation in Recommendation opic , all line names
are same as the column marks in the project, you may check the check box. Otherwise,
you should not check the check box.
Copy Pier Name: If you follow the recommendation in Recommendation opic , all pier names
are same as the wall marks in the project, you may check the check box. Otherwise, you
should not check the check box.
Reverse Options Group Box:

Angle from to: You may setup the block region for your drawing convention. The default angle
values for block region are 120 to 300.
Lintel Option Group Box:

Auto search lintel beams If you check the check box, SADS will search the bays
corresponding to lintel beams. Otherwise, you should verify these bays in Bay Map page

and check the Is Lintel check box.
The Restore Options and Process Options will be explain in Processing topic.
After you have selected options mentioned above, you may click the button to map
between level names and floor codes. A new page - Floor Map page appear on the window. The
button is used to display framing plan of building and will be explained atter . If you
want to close the window, you may click the button.
10.3.3 Load Map Page

If the Load Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Load Map Tab to display the Load
Load Cases Grid :

Case Name: The name of load case that retrieved from ETABS files.
Load Type: The type of load, wind load, dynamic load or lateral soil load.
Load Dirc.: The flag of direction of lateral load.
processing.

129 SADS
10.3.4 Floor Map Page

If the Floor Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Floor Map Tab to display the Floor
Floor Map Grid:

Level Name: The level names are automatically retrieved from input file of ETABS and the
field is set to read only.
Floor Code: If you checked the Copy Level Name check box in function page, SADS will copy
the level names to floor code field. You need not to enter the floor codes manually.
Otherwise you should enter the valid floor codes.
If you want to insert a new data in front of the existing data, you may highlight the existing one and
click key, SADS will provide a row enable you to insert a new bay data. If you want to delete
an existing data, highlight the data and click key, SADS will then delete the highlighted data.
For the Insert and Delete button, please refer to Floor ap age in Generate SADS Data Sub-
command..
processing.
10.3.5 Line Map Page

If the Line Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Line Map Tab to display the Line

Line Map Grid :

Line Name: The line names are automatically retrieved from input file of ETABS and the field
is set to read only.
Point Num.: Same as Line Name that retrieved from input file of ETABS.
Col. Mark: If you checked the Copy Line Name check box in Function page, SADS will copy
the line names to Col. Mark field. You need not to enter the column marks manually.
Otherwise you should enter the valid column marks.
command..
processing.
10.3.6 Pier Map Page

If the Pier Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Pier Map Tab to display the Pier

131 SADS
Pier Map Group Box:

Pier Name: The pier names are automatically retrieved from input file of ETABS and the field
is set to read only.
Wall Mark: If you checked the Copy Pier Name check box in Function page, SADS will copy
the pier names to Wall Mark field. You need not to enter the wall marks manually.
Otherwise you should enter the valid wall marks.
Reverse: If the major axis of pier in ETABS parallel to local axis X of wall in SADS un-check
the check box, otherwise check the check box.
command..
processing.

10.3.7 Panel Map Page

You may click the Panel Map Tab to display Panel Map Page as below.
All data are retrieved from ETABS files. You need to change these data when wall thickness was
changed and you need to update the ETABS e2k input file.
processing.
10.3.8 Bay Map Page

If the Bay Map Tab is appear on the window, you may click the Bay Map Tab to display the Bay

133 SADS
Bay Name Grid :

Bay Name: The line names are automatically retrieved from input file of ETABS and the field is
set to read only.
Is Lintel: If you check the Auto search lintel beam check box in Function Page, SADS checks
or un-checks these check boxes for you. Otherwise, you should check or un-check these
check boxes manually.
Lintel Mark: If the Is Lintel check box is checked, the status of Mark field will be changed to
available. You should enter the mark of the lintel beam.
Line I and Line J: The line names at both end of bays. These data are retrieved from ETABS
files. These fields are read only.
Revs.: SADS assumes that the end I is located at the left hand side of beam in X-X direction
and at lower end of beam in Y-Y direction. If it is not true, SADS will set the reverse field to
true, i.e. the end condition is reversed. The values of the field are searched by SADS and
set the field to read only.
command..
processing. If you click Save button, SADS will display Framing Plan window for editing beam map
data. The functions of Framing Plan window will be explain in Display Framing Plan topic.

10.3.9 Processing
After you have completed the mapping process and have reviewed the framing plan, you may
return to the Function Page by clicking Function Tab.
You may find the Map button is changed to Process button. Now, you can process the following
function by clicking the Process button.
Restore Options: This options are available for Restore Forces from ETABS Output File and
Restore Forces using Map File options in Processing Options Group Box mentioned below.
Processing Options Group Box: There are three functions in the sub-command:
Restore Forces from ETABS Output File: You are ready to restore the beam forces, column
forces and wall forces from ETABS MDB output file to SADS database. When you select
this option, the Restore Options will be enabled. You may select the View forces option to
view the mapped forces on the windows before you import these forces to SADS
database.
Update ETABS Input File. If there are some modifications of beam sections, column sections,
wall section and/or lintel sections after you run pre-design commands of beam, column,
wall and lintel in SADS according with the requirement of Code of Practice, You may use
this function, let SADS automatically update the section properties in ETABS input file
according to the amended sections in SADS database for further analysis in ETABS.
Restore Force using Map File: This option is for back compatibility with linking of ETABS 6
and SADS 8. You can prepare the map file according the descriptions of Map ile
section. You don't need to perform the mapping process mentioned at following topics.
Using the self-prepared map file and MDB output file, you may view mapping forces or
import forces in MDB file to SADS database.
To run these functions, you can click Process button. Or click the Cancel button to close the
window.

135 SADS
10.4 Display Framing Plan

10.4.1 Overview
The most powerful part of Link ETABS Data and Generate SADS Data sub-commands is the
framing plan function. These 2 commands can generate framing plan based on ETABS MDB file.
1. You can zoom in and zoom out the framing plan;
2. You can print the framing plan;
3. You can edit the beam mark and column mark from the framing plan directly.
10.4.2 Configurating Framing Plan
The Framing Plan window can be display by clicking the button on Functions Page of
Generate SADS Data or Link ETABS Data sub-command.
You may click the Framing Plan Setup button to display the Draw Framing Plan Options
dialog box.

Paper Size group box:

Orientation: You may select Portrait or Landscape. The default value is landscape.
Paper Size: You may set paper size for consistence with the paper of your printer.
Width & Height: If you select Custom size, you need to enter the paper size to these edit
boxes.
Drawing Scale group box:
Scale: You may specify the scale of your drawing. The default is 1:200.
Fit to Paper Size: If you Scale is not set properly with the paper size, the framing plan may be
drawn too large or too small. You may check this check box to ignore the defined scale
and fit the framing plan to the specified paper size.
Maximum Zoom on Screen: You may specify the maximum zoom ratio. The default value is
4, i.e. the maximum size of on screen drawing is 4 times of original size.
Number of Zoom Level: You may define the zoom level number. The default value is 16, i.e.
from the original size to the maximum size, you need to click the Zoom In button 16 times.
Print color to black: If your printer is not a color printer, you may check the check box to print
color framing plan to black.
Lock Generate button: This is a hidden option. The Generating SADS Data command will
generate data based on ETABS MDB file. But, these data are not a complete set of project
data. So, we limit the command to be used on a fresh new project. If you use this
command to your existing project with many data have been enter by hand, your existing
data will be erased and cannot be recovered. For safety point, the Generate button on
Functions Page of Generating SADS Data command will be disabled when the command
detects an existing SADS data. In following case, you may need to use this check box.
1. You are sure your project is a fresh new project.
2. You have completed the mapping procedures.
3. You have generate SADS data using ETABS MDB file.
4. You changed the mapping options after the data have been generated.
5. You want to re-generate SADS data.
You may un-check the check box to enable the Generate button on Functions Page.

137 SADS
10.4.3 Printing Framing Plan
Before you print your framing plan to printer, you may click the Printer Setup button to display
the Print Setup dialog box to select the printing options. This dialog box may different on your
computer according the Windows and printer configuration.
You may select your printer, paper size, orientation, etc to consistent with your drawing etup .
After you select these options, you may click the button to print your framing plan to your
printer.
10.4.4 Selecting Beam and Column

You may use the mouse to select slab, beam, column and wall.
Column: Move the cursor to the square symbol of column until the color is changed.
Beam: Move the cursor to the line of beam until the color is changed.
Wall: Move the cursor to the one of the panel of column until the color is changed.
Slab: Move the cursor to the center of slab until the color is changed.
The changing of color indicates the member is selected for further processing. After the member is
selected, you may click the mouse to display edit dialog box to enter the mark and other data for
this member.
10.4.5 Handling Framing Plan

By clicking the following buttons, you may zoom in, zoom out and zoom all the framing plan.
- Click this button to zoom in the framing plan to next level.
- Click this button to zoom out the framing plan back to previous level.
- Click the button to zoom the framing plan to original size.

After you zoom in you framing plan, the framing plan will not be fitted in the window. Some part of
framing plan will be invisible. You may push and hold the left button of the mouse, and then drag

the mouse. You will find that you can move the framing plan around and you can see any invisible
part of flaming plan. But, you cannot drag the framing plan when one of the member is selected.
10.4.6 Display Options

By clicking the following buttons, you may display additional information to the framing plan.
- Click this button to display line number in ETABS to the line.
- Click this button to display the bay name in ETABS to the bay.
- Click this button to display the panel name in ETABS to the panel.
- Click this button to display the area name in ETABS to the area.
- Click this button to switch the column marks to line names and wall marks to pier names.
You may use these display options to understand your framing plan.
10.4.7 Colors in Framing Plan

Slab: Use yellow color for slab.
Beam: Use red color for mapped beam and maroon (dark red) color for un-mapped beam.
Column: Use blue color for mapped column and navy (dark blue) color for un-mapped column.
Wall: Use green color for both mapped and un-mapped wall.
Slab Mark: Use black color for valid slab mark and red color for slab that does not exist in
database.
Beam Mark: Use black color for valid beam mark and red color for beam mark that does not exist
in database.
Column Mark: Use black color for valid column mark and blue color for column mark that does not
exist in data base.
Wall Mark: Use black color for valid wall mark and green color for wall mark that does not exist in
data base.
10.4.8 Function Buttons

By clicking the following buttons, you may perform particular function in the framing plan.
Duplicate button - Duplicate the mapping data of beams and / or slabs from upper floor to
lower floor using prefix mapping.
Remap button - Re-map the beam marks using new options in Function Page.
Save button - After you have entered or edited beam mark and/or column marks, you may
click this button to save those data.
Restore button - Before you click the Save button or change to another batch code, you may
click this button to restore the previous mapping data.
Close button - You may click this button to close the Framing Plan window. If there are some
you have changed, SADS will save these data before closing the window.

139 SADS
10.4.9 Selecting Framing Plan

The framing plans are generated for each different batch code. The framing plan is displayed for
one particular batch code at a time. You can use the Batch ode ombo ox to select a framing
plan that you want to display.
10.4.10 Editing Marks on Framing Plan

Editing Column: If you want to add a column mark to a blank line or change the column mark on
a line, you may move the mouse cursor toward the line. When the color of the line is changed, you
may click the mouse to display the Edit Column dialog box. The left dialog box is displayed by
Generate SADS Data Sub-command and the right dialog is displayed by Link ETABS Data Sub-
command.
You should select and enter the information in the dialog box.
Column Mark: Enter the column mark for the line.
Braced in X-X: Check the check box if the column is braced column in X-X direction.
Braced in Y-Y: Check the check box if the column is braced column in Y-Y direction.
Transfer plate connection: If the column is connected to transfer plate at the highest end,
check the check box. Otherwise, un-check the check box.
Click Save button to accept these data.
If you want to add or change many column marks that the number is sequentially, e.g. K1, K2, K3,
K4, etc., you don't click the Save button, instead of click down the Repeat Incremental button .
When you select the sequential line and click the mouse button, the line is assigned a sequential
column mark. After you finish the sequential input, you mush click up the Save button in Edit
Column dialog box.
Editing Beam: If you want to add a beam mark to a blank bay or change the beam mark on a bay,
you may move the mouse cursor toward the bay. When the color of the bay is changed, you may
click the mouse to display the Edit Beam dialog box. The left dialog box is displayed by Generate
SADS Data Sub-command and the right dialog is displayed by Link ETABS Data Sub-command.

Beam Type: Select the type of beam.
Beam Mark: Enter the beam mark, lintel mark or associate beam mark according with the type
of beam.
Main Beam: Enter the main beam mark if the beam is associate beam.
If you want to add or change many beam marks that the number is sequentially, e.g. RB1, RB2,
RB3, RB4, etc., you don't click the Save button, instead of click down the Repeat Incremental
button . When you select the sequential bay and click the mouse button, the bay is assigned a
sequential beam. After you finish the sequential input, you mush click up the Save button in Edit
Beam dialog box. For secondary beam, the beam marks may be duplicated. In this case, you can
use Repeat Equal button . When you select a next bay and click the mouse button, the bay is
assign the same mark and same type.
In Generate SADS Data Sub-command, there is a To Load button. If you click this button, the Edit
Beam Load dialog box is displayed as below.

141 SADS
You may enter any vertical load to the beam. But, you should not enter slab, beam and column
vertical load if the slabs, beams and columns are included in ETABS output file. You can find the
description of data items from Maintain eam ata ub-command.
Editing Wall: If you want to add a wall mark to a blank pier or change the wall mark on a pier, you
may move the mouse cursor toward one of the panel of the pier. When the color of the pier is
changed, you may click the mouse to display the Edit Wall dialog box. The left dialog box is
displayed by Generate SADS Data Sub-command and the right dialog is displayed by Link ETABS
Data Sub-command.
Wall Mark: Enter the wall mark for the pier.
Sub-wall: Check the check if the wall is sub-wall.
Main Wall: If the wall is sub-wall, enter the mark of main wall.
Bending Along X: Check the check box if you wish to consider the bending moment of wall in
X-X direction.
Bending Along Y: Check the check box if you wish to consider the bending moment of wall in
Y-Y direction.
You may use the Repeat Incremental button as in Edit Column dialog box.
Editing Slab: If you want to add a slab mark to a blank area or change the slab mark on a area,
you may move the mouse cursor toward the center of the area. When the color of the area is
changed, you may click the mouse to display the Edit Slab dialog box.

Slab Mark: Enter the slab mark for the area.
Slab Type: Slab type defined in Maintain lab ata ub-command .
You may use the Repeat Incremental button and Repeat Equal button as in Edit Beam dialog box.
If you have completed the beam mapping for one floor, e.g. ROOF, and you find the beam
mapping of following floor is similar, e.g. typical floor, you may click the Duplicate button to
display the following dialog box.
If both mapping of slab, beam and additional load are similar in source batch and destination
batch, you may check both Slab Map, Beam Map and Additional Load check boxes. Otherwise,
you should check the desired check box. You may select batch code RF in the Source Batch
combo box and select batch code TF in Destination Batch combo box. You should set prefix
mapping between these 2 floors and then click the OK button. SADS will duplicates the beam

143 SADS
marks from roof floor to typical floor using the prefix mapping and display the typical floor framing
plan.
10.5 Map File

The Structure and Format of MAP File.
1. Load data:
You must provide one header line named as "$LOAD", and follows by one data line for each
loading case. The data line should be prepared as following format:
Variable Length Justify Entry

ML 10 Right Load case name.
FILL 2 Left Filler (2 space characters).
TYPE 3 Left Type of lateral..
DIRC 3 Left Direction of lateral load.
2. Floor data:
If the floor codes for all floors are the same as level names in ETABS file, you may skip
this section.
You must provide one header line named as "$FLOOR", and follows by one data line for each
floor. The data line should be prepared as following format:
LEVEL 10 Right Level name.
CODE 4 Left Floor code.
3. Frame data: There are 5 data sets in frame data.
3-1. Header data:
You must provide one header line that includes the header word "$FRAME:" and the frame
mark behind it.
3-2. Column line data:
If no column data will be restored, you may skip this section.
You may provide one header line named as "$COLUMN" and follows by one data line for
each column line. The data line should be prepared in following format:

ML 10 Left Line name defined in ETABS.
MARK 9 Left Column mark defined in SADS.
3-3. Wall data:
If no wall data will be restored, you may skip this section.
You may provide one header line named as "$WALL" and follows by one data line for each
wall. The data line should be prepared in following format. If there is no panel element, skip
the section.

MW 10 Left Pier name defined in ETABS.
MARK 9 Left Wall mark defined in SADS.
3-5. Wall direction data:
In ETABS program, the direction of major and minor axis of pier are defined accord the shape
of pier. In SADS, the major axis of wall is taken along X-X direction and the minor axis of wall
is taken along Y-Y direction. If the major axes of all piers are matched with major axes of
walls, you can skip the section. Otherwise, you must provide one header line named as
"$REVERSE" and follow by data lines. Each data line contains one pier which the direction of
major axis is reversed.


MP 10 Left Pier name defined in ETABS.
FLOOR 40 Left Set of floor ranges.
If the reverse condition is applied to all floor, the FLOOR is blank. Otherwise, you should
provide the set of floor ranges.
3-5. Bay direction data:
In ETABS program, the ends of member are marked as End I and End J. In SADS, the ends
of beam are defined as LHS end and RHS end. If the End I in ETABS is corresponding to
LHS end of beam in SADS and the End J is corresponding to RHS end of beam, it is normal
marking. Otherwise, it is reversed marking. If all bays are using normal end marking, you can
skip the section. Otherwise, you must provide one header line named as "$BAY" and follow by
data lines. Each data line contains one bay number which the end marking is reversed. of wall
section
3-6. Beam data:
If no beam data will be restored, you may skip this section.
The header line of Beam data include the header name "$BEAM:" and follows by a set of floor
ranges. Each header line follows by data lines that contain the mapping of bay name in
ETABS data and beam mark in SADS. The beam data that listed under the header line would
be restored by SADS. The data line should be prepared in following format:

MB 10 Right Bay name defined in ETABS.
MARK 10 Left Beam mark defined in SADS, if it is lintel beam, enter 2 "^"
characters followed by lintel mark.
Note:
Set of floor range is composed by a list of floor ranges and use "|" as delimiter. If a floor range
consists one floor only, the floor range is presented as the floor code of the floor. If the floor
range consists more than one continuous floor, the floor range is presented as highest floor
code and lowest floor code with "-" delimiter. For example, the set of floor ranges 13FL-9/FL,
5/FL., 3/FL consists 13FL, 12FL, 11FL, 10FL, 9/FL, 5/FL and 3/FL.
10.6 Custom Import Forces Sub-command

The Custom Import Forces sub-command is use to convert the ASCII file that contain the result of
other analysis method's you did import to SADS data base.
When you choose Custom Import Forces from Analysis command of Module menu or click

will display the Custom Import Forces as below.

145 SADS
File Name Group Box : Enter the folder and ASCII file name or use button to select the folder
and ASCII file name.
Delimiter Group Box : Click the combo box to select the delimiter you used for generate ASCII
file. The options here are : "Comma", "TAB" and "Space".
After finished to supply the above information, click "View" button, SADS will then display the result
in the Source Files Group Box. You may verify those value are correct or not. If you want to
import to the SADS data base, click "Import" button. Otherwise, click the"Cancel" button.
10.7 ASCII File for Custom Import

The structure and format of ASCII file for custom import.
You must provide one line for each load. The line should be prepared as following format:
Variable Type Entry

TYPE Char Type of member: B - beam; C - column; W - wall.
MARK String Mark of beam, column or wall.
FLOOR String Floor code.
LOAD Char Type of load: W - wind load; S - soil load; Y - dynamic load.
CASE Char Loading cases: X - load along X-X; Y - load along Y-Y.
MX(I) Float Moment along X-X at I end, unit: kN-M.
MY(I) Float Moment along Y-Y at I end, unit: kN-M.
MX(J) Float Moment along X-X at J end, unit: kN-M.
MY(J) Float Moment along Y-Y at J end, unit: kN-M.
VX Float Shear along X-X, unit: kN.
VY Float Shear along Y-Y, unit: kN.
MT Float Torsion, unit: kN-M.
P Float Axial load, unit: kN.

10.8 Clear Lateral Load Sub-command

The Clear Lateral Load sub-command is use to clear the lateral loads of the un-frame beams or
the specific loads of frame beams.
When you choose Clear Lateral Load from Analysis command of Module menu or click button
on Command utton ar then click button on Sub-command utton ar , the Clear

Lateral Load will be displayed as below.
The detail of this sub-command tell you how to clear the lateral forces of un-frame beams and
frame beams. First is about the un-frame beams, if you have amend the frame sketch and take out
some beams from that frame sketch, the lateral forces of those un-frame beams should be clear
with this sub-command, click the "OK" button, SADS will clear the lateral loads of all un-frame
beams.
At the same time, if you want to clear some lateral loads (e.g. wind load, soil load and dynamic
load) of the frame beams, click the appropriate check box, SADS will then clear the relevant loads
of the frame beams at the same time.

147 SADS
11 Wall Command
11.1 About Wall Command
In the Wall Command of Module Menu, you can supply the data, forces and torsional inertia of
wall, to amend the existing wall data, validate the data you supplied, take wall loading, pre-design,
adjust reinforcement bar, design the calculation of wall and plot the loading plane.
When you choose Wall command from Module menu, the pull down menu is illustrated as
following figure.
Or when you click button, the wall sub-command buttons are display as below.

1. Maintain Wall Data Sub-command.
2. Print Wall Report Sub-command.
3. Enter Wall Forces Sub-command.
4. Validate Wall Data Sub-command.
5. Wall Section Properties Sub-command.
6. Take Wall Loading Sub-command.
7. Design of Wall Sub-command.
8. Edit Wall Bar Sub-command.
9. Wall Force and Moment Sub-command.
10. Wall Loading Plan Sub-command.
11.2 Maintain Wall Data Sub-command

11.2.1 Maintain Wall Data
The Maintain Wall Data sub-command is use to create a new wall data, wall loads and wall
sections, or to amend an existing wall data, wall loads and wall sections.
When you choose Wall Data from Wall command of Module menu or click button on

Wall Command 148
the Maintain Wall Data as below.
The Maintain Wall Data sub-command have three pages.

1. Update Wall Data Page.
2. Update Wall Section Page.
3. Update Wall load Page.
Click the Update Wall Data Page, SADS will display the Update Wall Data Page as below.
Existing Wall Mark Group Box : The list box is the listing of the existing Wall marks which have
previously created. There is a button under the box, so you can rearrange the order of the
existing wall mark, followed the steps of List ox at Window component. You may search the
desired wall mark followed the steps of Incremental earch at "Window component" topic in "How
to use SADS" chapter.
Header Data Group Box :

Wall Mark - Enter the alpha numerical up to 8 characters long for the wall mark.
Sub-wall - Check the check box if the wall to be considered as a sub-wall.
Main Wall Mark - If this wall is a sub-wall, enter the mark of the main wall.
Bending Along X - Check the check box if you wish to consider the bending moment of wall in
X-X direction.
Bending Along Y - Check the check box if you wish to consider the bending moment of wall in
Y-Y direction.
Accumulate in X-X - Check the check box if you want to accumulate bending moment of wall
in X-X direction.
Accumulate in Y-Y - Check the check box if you want to accumulate bending moment of wall
in Y-Y direction.
Check in X-X - Check the check box if you wish to the slenderness of wall in X-X direction.
Check in Y-Y - Check the check box if you wish to the slenderness of wall in Y-Y direction.
Braced in X-X - Check the Check in X-X check box, you need to check or un-check this check
box.
Braced in Y-Y - Check the Check in Y-Y check box, you need to check or un-check this check

149 SADS
box.
Wall Data Group Box :

Floor - The listing of the floor ode that you previously defined in Floor Data Sub-command.
Check - Click the combo box and select the following options.
"Y" -- Indicates the section of wall will be checked in this floor.
"N" -- Indicates the section of wall will not be checked in this floor.
" " -- If the wall does not exist at this floor, just skip it.
Height - The height of wall (in M). SADS automatically calculate the value from
floor ata ub-command . If you want to change it, enter the value.
Lex -- If Check X-X check box in Slenderness group box is checked, the effective height in X-X
direction of wall should be entered to the field, unit: M.
Ley -- If Check Y-Y check box in Slenderness group box is checked, the effective height in Y-Y
direction of wall should be entered to the field, unit: M.
Sect. Code - Indicates the group of same dimension of the wall in the existing floor, every
different wall dimension of the building should have a section code. Enter up to 8
alphanumerical characters long for the name of Section Code.
Load Code - Indicates the group of wall loads in the existing floor of the building, same as
Section Code, every different load in the existing building floor should have a Load Code. Enter
up to 8 alphanumerical characters long for the name of Load Code.
Reduct - Enter the percentage (%) of the reduction of live load.
Fix Ded - If the check box is checked, the live load reduction percentage of this floor is fixed.
When accumulating this live load to other lower floors, the reduction percentage should not be
altered with the reduction percentage of the relevant floor. Otherwise, when accumulate the
live load of this floor to other lower floors, the reduction percentage of the lower floors will be
used.
If you want to copy the wall data from upper floor to the lower floor, highlight any field of the desired
floor then click button, SADS will copy all information except the height of wall from upper
floor to this floor.
processing or click the Update Wall Load Page to display the Update Wall Load Page.

Wall Command 150
11.2.2 Maintain Wall Section

Click the Update Wall Section Page, SADS will display the Update Wall Section Page as below.
Existing Section Code Group Box : The list box is the listing of the existing section code you
created in Update Wall Data Page. You may search the desired section code followed the steps of

Section Code - Enter the section code which you have named in the Update Wall Data Page.
Mu (X-X) - Enter the ratio of whole section area and shear section area in X-X direction
Mu (Y-Y) - Enter the ratio of whole section area and shear section area in Y-Y direction
Effective of Shear Lag - SADS provided the effective range 0.0 to 1.0 for the effect of shear
lag, 0.0 is the minimum effect of shear lag, 1.0 is the maximum effect of shear lag. Enter a
number between 0.0 and 1.0 for partial considering the effect of shear lag as you wish.
Torsional Inertia - Enter the value of torsional inertia (in M4).
Wall Section Group Box : The information of this page are variant dimension about the section
elements of wall, the followed figure shows you graphically about the dimension.

151 SADS
Y
B
Yo B
D
Xo
D
X
X a
B
Y
D
X Y
Y
X
B - Enter the value of the horizontal dimension (in M) of the section element if the edges of
section element are parallel to coordinate axis of wall section. If not parallel, enter the
dimension of the smaller edge of the section element.
D - Enter the value of the vertical dimension (in M) of the section element if the edges of
section element are parallel to coordinate axis of wall section. If not parallel, enter the
dimension of the larger edge of section element.
X, Y - Enter the coordinates (in M) of the lower left corner point of section element if the edges
of section element are parallel to coordinate axis of wall section. If not parallel, enter the origin
coordinates of section element.
Angle - Enter the inclined angle between the long edge of section element and X - axis of wall
section if the edges of section element are not parallel to coordinate axis of wall section.
Otherwise enter zero.
r% - Enter a percentage of reinforcement (should be > 0.0%) if you want to specify the
reinforcement of the section element. Otherwise the reinforcement of the section element
should be determined by SADS.
S. Lag - Indicate the flag of shear lag. Click the combo box and select the following options.
"X" -- If the section element is a shear lag at the moment of X-X direction.
"Y" --If the section element is a shear lag at the moment of Y-Y direction.
"N" --If the section element is not a shear lag.
Sub-wall - If the element is belong to a sub-wall, enter the mark of sub-wall.
If you want to view graphically about the existing wall section, click key, SADS will then
graphically display the loading on the dialog box.
If you want to insert a wall section in front of the existing wall section, you may highlight the existing
one and click key, SADS will provide a row enable you to insert a new wall section.
If you want to delete an existing wall section, highlight the wall section and click key, SADS will
then delete the highlighted wall section.
processing.

Wall Command 152
11.2.3 Maintain Wall Load

Click the Update Wall Load Page, SADS will display the Update Wall Load Page as below.
Existing Load Code Group Box : The list box is the listing of the existing load code you created
in Update Wall Data Page.
You may search the desired load code followed the steps of Incremental earch at "Window

Load Code - Enter the load code which you have named in the Update Wall Data Page.
Wall Load Group Box :

Load Name - Enter up to 12 alphanumerical characters long for the name of the loading which
applied to the specific wall section. If the loading is a slab or beam, you should enter the exact
slab mark or beam mark. If the loading is a column, you should enter the column mark and
floor code (i.e. K1ROOF, K36TH.).
Type - The type of load. Click the combo box and select the following options.
"L" -- the load will be extracted by SADS from the reaction of left end of corresponding
beam mark.
"R" -- the load will be extracted by SADS from the reaction of right end of corresponding
beam mark.
"S" -- the load will be extracted by SADS from the reaction of corresponding slab mark.
"E" -- the value of corresponding loading must be input by the user.
"C" -- the axial loads will be extracted by SADS from the column at the corresponding
floor.
Fixed -- Check the check box if you want to consider the fixed end moment of the beam when
the above "Type" is "L" or "R". Then you may enter the angle between the corresponding beam
and the X-axis of the wall in the D.L. field. The followed diagram shows the angle.

153 SADS
m
a
Be
Angle
Wall
X
D.L./c - If the "Type" is "E", enter the dead load (in kN). If the "Type" is "S", click the edit box
and enter the length (in M) of distributed load. In below diagram, symbol "c" indicates the
length of distributed loads. If the "Fixed" check box is checked, enter the angle,refer to above
section.
L.L./e - If the "Type" is "E", enter the live load (in kN). If the "Type" is "S", click the edit box and
enter the value of 1/2 load length in triangularly distributed or the length of the triangular part in
trapezoidal distributed. Refer to below diagram, symbol "e" is about the length of loads.
e e e e
e=0
c c c
e = 0.5c e = 0.5c
c c
X, Y - Enter the coordinates of load center to the origin of section coordinates.
If you want to insert a loading in front of the existing load, you may highlight the existing one and
click key, SADS will provide a row enable you to insert a new loading.
If you want to delete an existing loading, highlight the loading and click key, SADS will then
delete the highlighted load.
processing.
11.3 Print Wall Report Sub-command

The Print Wall Reports Sub-command allows you to print out or display the wall data, wall load,
wall section, the shears, bending moments and axial forces of walls that produce from lateral load
for checking or other purposes.
When you choose Wall Reports from Wall command of Module menu or click button on
the Print Wall Reports as below.

Wall Command 154
mark is "W".

First Wall - Click the combo box to select the beginning wall mark which is going to be
reported.
Last Wall - Click the combo box to select the last wall mark which is going to be reported.
If the report type is Print Lateral Forces, you need to supply the third and forth fields:
Load Type - Click the combo box to select wind load, soil load or dynamic load you want to
print.
Direction - Click the combo box to select the direction of lateral load: X-X or Y-Y.
Report Type Group Box: Click the radio button and select the subject you want. There are 2
subjects:
Print Input Data - print or display the wall data for your checking.
Print Lateral Load - print or display the moment and shear produced by lateral load for your
checking.
processing.
11.4 Enter Wall Forces Sub-command

11.4.1 Enter Wall Vertical Load
The Enter Wall Force Sub-command enables you to enter the vertical loads, wind loads, soil loads
or dynamic loads of the selected wall manually. If you do not want to use the result calculated by
SADS for any reason, SADS provides this Sub-command for your convenience.

155 SADS
When you choose Wall Enter Forces from Wall command of Module menu or click button on
the Enter Wall Forces as below.
Existing Wall Mark - The list box is the listing of the existing wall marks.
You may search the desired wall mark followed the steps of Incremental earch at "Window

Loads Group Box :

D.L. - Enter accumulated dead load (in kN) which applied to the selected wall in
L.L. - Enter accumulated live load (in kN) which applied to the selected wall in corresponding
floor.
Mgx(DL) - Enter the gravity moment (in kN-M) due to dead load which applied to the selected
wall on corresponding floor in X-X direction.
Mgx(LL) - Enter the gravity moment (in kN-M) due to live load which applied to the selected
wall on corresponding floor in X-X direction.
Mgy(DL) - Enter the gravity moment (in kN-M) due to dead load which applied to the selected
wall on corresponding floor in Y-Y direction.
Mgy(LL) - Enter the gravity moment (in kN-M) due to live load which applied to the selected
wall on corresponding floor in Y-Y direction.

Wall Command 156
11.4.2 Enter Wall Local Moment

If the load type you select is "D.L. Moment" or "L.L. Moment" , the Loads Group Box will be display
as below.

Load Type - Select D.L. Moment or L.L. Moment from combo box.
Direction - It is disabled when you select above items.
Loads Group Box :

+Mtx - Enter local positive top end moment (in kN) on corresponding floor in X-X direction.
-Mtx - Enter local negative top end moment (in kN) on corresponding floor in X-X direction.
+Mty - Enter local positive top end moment (in kN) on corresponding floor in Y-Y direction.
-Mty - Enter local negative top end moment (in kN) on corresponding floor in Y-Y direction.
+Mbx - Enter local positive bottom end moment (in kN) on corresponding floor in X-X direction.
-Mbx - Enter local negative bottom end moment (in kN) on corresponding floor in X-X
direction.
+Mby - Enter local positive bottom end moment (in kN) on corresponding floor in Y-Y direction.
-Mby - Enter local negative bottom end moment (in kN) on corresponding floor in Y-Y direction.
Note: You can enter these local moments when the bending is un-check in
Maintain all ata ub-command .

157 SADS
11.4.3 Enter Wall Lateralal Load

If the load type you select is "wind load" or "soil load" or "dynamic load", the Loads Group Box will
be display as below.

Loads Group Box :

Vx - Enter the value of the X-X shear (in kN) due to wind load in X-X direction.
Vy - Enter the value of the Y-Y shear (in kN) due to wind load in X-X direction.
Mx - Enter the value of the X-X bending moment (in kN-M) due to wind load in X-X direction.
My - Enter the value of the Y-Y bending moment (in kN-M) due to wind load in X-X direction.
Mt - Enter the value of the torsional moment (in kN-M) due to X-X direction wind load.
P - Enter the value of the axial load (in kN) due to X-X direction wind load.
11.5 Validate Wall Data Sub-command

The Validate Wall Data Sub-command is use to make a validation about the existing wall data you
When you choose Wall Validation from Wall command of Module menu or click button on
the Validate Wall Data as below.

Wall Command 158
mark is "W".

First Wall - Use the combo box to select the beginning wall mark which is going to be
validate.
Last Wall - Use the combo box to select the last wall mark of the validation.
First Floor - Use the combo box to select the top floor ode of the selected wall.
Last Floor - Use the combo box select the last floor ode of the selected wall.
processing.
11.6 Wall Section Properties Sub-command

The Wall Section Properties Sub-command is use to calculate the section properties of walls. At
mean time, SADS will print a report for the submission to B.D.. The report includes section area,
position of section center and moment of inertia.
When you choose Wall Section Properties from Wall command of Module menu or click

will display the Calculate Wall Section Properties as below.

159 SADS
mark is "WS".
Print Jobs Group Box : Refer to Validate all ata ub-command .
Report Option Group Box :

Plot Section Sketch - If you want to plot the section sketch in the report, check the check box,
otherwise do not check the check box.
Consider Shear Lag - If you want to consider the effect of shear lag to section properties, you
should check it, otherwise do not check the check box.
processing.
11.7 Take Wall Loading Sub-command

The Take Wall Loading Sub-command is use to collect the accumulate vertical loads which applied
to walls. At mean time, SADS will print a report for the submission to B.D.. The report consists of
two parts, i.e., Wall loads data and accumulate vertical load data.
When you choose Wall Take Loading from Wall command of Module menu or click button on
the Take Wall Loading as below.

Wall Command 160
Print Options Group Box :Same as Print lab eport ub-command , except the default page
mark is "WL".
Print Jobs Group Box : Refer to Validate all ata ub-command .
Report Option Group Box :

Print detail load on each floor- Check the check box to print the detail of wall loads data on
each floor.
Print accumulate load - Check the check box to print the accumulate vertical loads of the
wall.
Take Lateral Loads Effect - If you use three dimension analysis that built in SADS, you
should check it. The reason is when you use SADS's built in three dimension analysis, the
core walls are assumed to be single line frames, the vertical shears and local bending
moments should not be taken account. But in ETABS, the walls are assume to be a set of
panels, the vertical shears and local bending moments are automatically accumulated to the
wall. So, if you use ETABS, do not check the check box.
Ignore minor moment of elements - Check the check box to ignore moments along minor
axis of wall elements when SADS distributes vertical load from core wall to sub-walls.
Otherwise, un-check the check box.
processing.
11.8 Design Wall Sub-command

The Design Wall Sub-command enables you to pre-design and design the walls.
When you choose Wall Design from Wall command of Module menu or click button on

161 SADS
the Wall Design as below.
mark is "W".
Print Jobs Group Box: Refer to Validate all ata ub-command .
Report Type Group Box: Click the radio button and select Pre-design Wall or Design Wall.
pre-design Wall - Click the radio button if you want to pre-design the wall. The function of pre-
design are listed as below:
1. Calculate the reinforcement ratio of the vertical bar of the wall in each floor. SADS uses
the information of wall section, wall loads and concrete mix of wall which previously
supplied by the user combine with the biaxial bending method to perform the calculation. If
the ratio is larger than maximum permissible value, SADS will give you an error message
that appears as ###... You must amend the dimension of the wall section and follow the
step which described in "Get tart " to repeat the procedure, until the ratio is okay!
2. At the same time, according to the result of reinforcement ratio, SADS defines the
diameter and spacing of the vertical bars, horizontal bars and binders of the walls.
Checking Only - Click the radio button if you want to check the reinforced bars without alter
the sketch of wall sketch. SADS will generate a report if some of wall sections are under
designed. Before you run this option, you must complete the pre-design of walls.
Design Wall - Click the radio button to print out the calculation of walls in the building for the
submission to B.D. Before you run this option, you must complete the Pre-design of walls and
edit the sketch of walls.
Plot Options Group Box :

When you click the Design button the Options Group Box will display the following option.
Plot Wall Section Sketch - Check the check box if you want to plot the wall section sketch on
the wall design print out. otherwise do not check it. (for design option only).
Print All Cases - Check the check box if you want to print the calculation results for all loading
cases.

Wall Command 162
Consider Shear Lag - Check the check box to consider the effect of shear lag of core walls.
processing.
11.9 Edit Wall Bar Sub-command

The Edit Wall Bar Sub-command allows you to edit the thickness, the vertical bars, the horizontal
bars and the binders of wall which had been pre-designed and certainly all right.
When you choose Wall Bar Edit from Wall command of Module menu or click button on
the Edit Wall Bar as below.
Existing Wall Mark Group Box : The list box is the listing of the existing wall marks which have
previously created. If you wish to edit the reinforced bars of existing wall, click the wall mark and
edit it. You may search the desired wall mark followed the steps of Incremental earch at
Wall Bars Group Box : The "Floor Code", "Section Code" and "Check" are abstracted from the
data base. Only the "Check" information is changeable, you can amend it as your desired. The
reinforcement ratio (r%) is the result of wall pre-design, it is not changeable.
Reinforcement Group Box : All Diameter and Spacing of this group box are changeable, you may
click the edit box or Combo box to enter the value.
Thickness - Indicates the different thickness of wall section elements which you supplied
before.
Vertical Bars group - This group indicate the vertical bar of the selected wall thickness. It
includes the diameter of the vertical bar, the spacing between the vertical bars and the ratio of
actual area and required area (in %) of the vertical bars. As mention above, you may change

163 SADS
the diameter and the spacing. If the area is not enough after you changed, SADS will give the
warning in the "Ratio" field. If the spacing you changed is not satisfied the defined value of the
Wall age f aster ata ub-command , SADS will give the warning in the "Spacing"
field.
Horizontal Bars group - Same as above, this group is the horizontal bar of the selected wall
thickness, it include the diameter of the horizontal bar, the spacing between the horizontal bars
and the ratio of actual area and required area (in %) of the horizontal bars. You may change
the diameter and the spacing. If the area is not enough after you changed, SADS will give the
warning in the "Ratio" field. If the spacing you changed is not satisfied the defined value of the
field.
Link Bars group - This group include the diameter of the link bar, the spacing between the
link bars of the selected wall thickness. Same as above, you may change the diameter and the
spacing. If the spacing you changed is not satisfied the defined value of the
field.
Smallest Fraction - If you change the reinforced bars of wall, you may click the Check button,
SADS will check the wall section according to new reinforced bars and display the critical
fraction in the group box.
11.10 Wall Force and Moment Sub-command

The Wall Force and Moment Sub-command is use to print out the calculation result of total axial
loads and total bending moments on every wall's element inside wall section for design the pile cap
or transfer plate under the wall section.
When you choose Wall Force and Moment from Wall command of Module menu or click

will display the Print Wall Force and Moment as below.

Wall Command 164
mark is "WF".

Wall Mark - - Enter or use the combo box to select the wall mark which is going to be
calculate.
Floor Code - Use the combo box to select the floor ode of the selected wall.
Ignore minor moment of elements - Check the check box to ignore moments along minor
axis of wall elements. Otherwise, un-check the check box.
Loading - Check the check boxes to select the loading that you want calculate.
Report Option Group Box : Enter the significant number after decimal point.
processing.
11.11 Wall Loading Plane Sub-command

The Wall Loading Plane Sub-command is use to print, display or plot loading plane of the existing
columns for checking or for the reference of foundation design of the building.
When you choose Wall Loading Plane from Wall command of Module menu or click button on
the Print Footing Forces as below.
mark is "WL".
Print Jobs Group Box: Refer to Print all eport ub-command .

165 SADS
Output Options Group Box : Refer to Column oading lane ub-command .
Position Group Box : Refer to Column oading lane ub-command .
Factors Group Box: Refer to Column oading lane ub-command .
processing.
If you select plot option in output options group box, SADS will display a preview window as
described in Column oading lane ub-command .
12 Lintel Beam Command

12.1 About Lintel Beam Command
The Lintel Beam Module allows you to calculate the reinforcement of lintel beam in the building.
You may supply the lintel beam data and the vertical loads which applied to lintel beams, SADS will
print out a report for the submission to B.D.. Besides, SADS offer the edit function in this module,
allows you to edit the reinforced bars of lintel beams to meet your needs.
When you choose Lintel command from Module menu, the pull down menu is illustrated as
following figure.
Or when you click button, the lintel beam sub-command buttons are display as below.

1. Maintain Lintel Data Sub-command.
2. Print Lintel Report Sub-command.
3. Enter Lintel Forces Sub-command.
4. Validate Lintel Data Sub-command.
5. Design Lintel Sub-command.
6. Edit Lintel Bars Sub-command.

Lintel Beam Command 166
12.2 Maintain Lintel Data Sub-command

12.2.1 Maintain Lintel Beam Data(Classical)
The Maintain Lintel Beam Data sub-command is use to create a new lintel beam data or edit
existing lintel beam data and supply the vertical loads or amend existing loads of lintel beam data.
When you choose Maintain Lintel Beam Data from Lintel command of Module menu or click

will display the Maintain Lintel Beam Data window.
The Maintain Lintel Beam Data sub-command have two pages.

1. Lintel Beam Data Page.
2. Lintel Beam load Page.
Click the Lintel Beam Data Page, SADS will display the Lintel Beam Data Page as below.
Existing Lintel Beam Mark Group box : Indicate the listing of the existing lintel beam marks
which have previously created. You may use button that appears under the box to rearrange
the order of the existing lintel beam mark. Followed the steps of List ox at Window component.
You may search the desired Lintel beam mark followed the steps of Incremental earch at
Control Data Group Box :

Lintel Mark - Enter alphanumerical up to 8 characters long for lintel beam mark.
Located at Wall - Enter the wall mark where the lintel beam located. (Available for Classical
Method only)

167 SADS
Design Method Group Box : Click the radio button and select the "Classical Method" or "Three
Dimension Method" you use.
Direction Group Box : Click the radio button and select "X-X", if the span of lintel beam is at X-X
direction of wall coordinates. Select "Y-Y", if the span of lintel beam is at Y-Y direction of wall
coordinates.
Lintel Beam Data Group box : The following information is for "Classical Method".
Floor - The floor ode of the building.
Floor Name - Click the radio button and enter the description of corresponding floors which the
lintel beam should be calculated. If there is no lintel beam on the specific floor, you may skip
the row.
t - Enter the thickness of wall (in mm) where the lintel beam located.
T - Enter the total thickness of wall's webs (in mm) which parallel to the axis of lintel beam.
X - Enter the x-distance (in M) of mid point of lintel beam span to the X-axis of wall coordinates.
Y - Enter the y-distance (in M) of mid point of lintel beam span to the Y-axis of wall coordinates.
L - Enter the span (in M) of lintel beam.
B - Enter the width (in mm) of the lintel beam section.
D - Enter the depth (in mm) of the lintel beam section.
Cover - Enter the concrete cover (in mm) of lintel beam.
Kt - Enter the value of Coefficient of torsional stress, it's value should be calculated from:
t ´t
Kt =
Mt
Where:
r is the shear stress, it's formula can be found from Designer's Handbook;
t is the thickness of wall where lintel is located;
Mt is the torsional moment of core wall.
Example:
t
h
Mt
t=
2bht
t ´t 1
Kt = =
Mt 2 bh
Load Code - Enter up to 8 characters long for the name of vertical load code of lintel beam.
processing.

12.2.2 Maintain Lintel Beam Data(3 Dimension)

If the Method you use is the "Three Dimension Method", the Lintel Beam Data Page is as below.
The Lintel Beam Data Group Box of the Three Dimension Method has difference fields from
Classical Method, it consists of following fields:
Floor - The floor ode of the building.
t(mm) - Enter the thickness of wall (in mm) where the lintel beam located.
L(M) - Enter the span (in M) of lintel beam.
B(mm) - Enter the width (in mm) of the lintel beam section.
D(mm) - Enter the depth (in mm) of the lintel beam section.
Cover(mm) - Enter the concrete cover (in mm) of lintel beam.
Check - Check the check box if you want to check the section of the lintel beam on this floor.
Load Code - Enter up to 8 characters long for the name of vertical load code of lintel beam
processing.
12.2.3 Maintain Lintel Beam Load

Click the Lintel Beam Load Code Page, SADS will display the Lintel Beam Load Code Page as
below. The Lintel Beam Load Code Page allows you to supply the Load Code data you created in
the Maintain Lintel Beam Data Page or amend the loading of existing load code.

169 SADS
Existing Lintel Beam Load Code Group box : Indicate the listing of the existing lintel beam load
code that created at above page. You may search the desired Lintel beam load code followed the
steps of Incremental earch at "Window component" topic in "How to use SADS" chapter.
Header Data Group Box : Enter the load code which you want to supply vertical loads data in it.
Lintel Loads Group box :

the slab mark or beam mark which have been previously defined in the framing plain
Load Type - Enter the type of load which applied on the lintel beam. SADS defined the loading
type as followed:
0 -- uniformly distributed load on full span, unit: kN/M.
1 -- concentrated load, unit: kN.
2 -- uniformly distributed load, unit: kN/M.
3 -- triangular distributed load, unit: kN/M.
4 -- trapezoidal distributed load, unit: kN/M.
5 -- right triangular distributed load, unit: kN/M.
6 -- right triangular distributed load, unit: kN/M.
7 -- concentrated moment load, unit: kN- M.
Attribute - Click the combo box and select the source of loading. "B" denotes beam, "S"
denotes slab, "C" denotes column, SADS will automatically extracts the reactions upon them. If
you do not want SADS automatically extracts the reactions, select blank " ", then you may
enter the dead load and live load of the loading in the appropriate box.
Flag - Click the combo box and select the characteristic of the loading. For beam, you may
select "R" "L", "R" denotes right hand side reaction, "L" denotes left hand side reaction. For
slab in 8110, you may select "C" "D", "C" denotes continuous slab, "D" denotes discontinuous
slab.
D.L. - Enter the value ( in kN or kN/M) of dead load.
L.L. - Enter the value (in kN) of live load.
a - Enter the value of the distance from the left end of lintel beam to the position of
concentrated load or the beginning of distributed load, unit: M.

b - Enter the value of the length of distributed load, unit: M.

c - Enter the value of the length of the triangular part of trapezoidal distributed load, unit M.
Refer to the figure of Beam ata ub-command for the graphically explanation of above load
type and the relevant dimensions a, b and c.
processing.
12.3 Print Lintel Report Sub-command

The Print Lintel Reports Sub-command allows you to print out or display the lintel beams data for
checking purpose.
When you choose Lintel Reports from Lintel command of Module menu or click button on
the Print Lintel Reports as below.
mark is "LB".

First Lintel Mark - Click the combo box to select the beginning lintel beam mark which going
to be reported.
Last Lintel Mark - Click the combo box to select the last lintel beam mark which going to be
reported.
processing.

171 SADS
12.4 Enter Lintel Forces Sub-command

12.4.1 Enter Lintel Beam Vertical Load
The Enter Lintel Force Sub-command allows you to enter forces of beams manually. If you do not
want to use the result of SADS to calculate the beams forces, or if you wish to use some result of
beams for any purposes, you may use this Sub-command to enter the vertical loads, wind
moments, soil moments and dynamic moments of beams.
When you choose Lintel Enter Force from Lintel command of Module menu or click button on
the Enter Beam Force as below.
which have previously created.

Load Type - Select Dead Load or Live Load from combo box.
Direction - It is disabled when you select Dead Load or Live Load.
Loads Group Box : If you select dead load or live load, the loads group box is as above figure.
F.E.M. - Indicates the fixed end moments of beam due to the vertical loads condition (in kN-M),
the followed symbol (LHS)means left hand side, and (RHS) means right hand side. You may
enter the value.
Shear - Indicates the shear of beam due to the vertical loads condition (in kN-M), the followed
symbol (LHS) means left hand side, and (RHS) means right hand side. You may enter the
value.

12.4.2 Enter Lintel Beam Lateral Load

If you select wind load, soil load or dynamic load, the loads group box is as below figure.

Loads Group Box :

M(LHS) - Indicates the bending moment due to selected of lateral load condition (in kN-M), the
followed symbol (LHS) means left hand side. Enter the value in it.
M(RHS) - Indicates the bending moment due to selected of lateral load condition (in kN-M).
RHS means right hand side. Enter the value in it.
V - Indicates the shear of lintel beam (in kN) due to selected of lateral loads. Enter the value in
it.
12.5 Validate Lintel Data Sub-command

The Validate Lintel Data Sub-command is use to make a validation about the lintel beam data you
provided. SADS will print a report and list all the incorrect data when finish the procedure.
When you choose Lintel Validation from Lintel command of Module menu or click button on
the Validate Lintel Beam Data as below.

173 SADS
mark is "LB".

First Lintel Mark - Click the combo box to select the beginning lintel beam mark to validated.
Last Lintel Mark - Click the combo box to select the last lintel beam mark to validated.
First floor - Click the combo box and select the first floor ode of the lintel beam for
validation.
Last floor - Click the combo box and select the first floor ode of the lintel beam for
validation.
processing.
12.6 Design Lintel Sub-command

The Design Lintel Sub-command enables you to pre-design and design the beams.
When you choose Lintel Design from Lintel command of Module menu or click button on
the Lintel Beam Design as below.

mark is "LB".
Print Jobs Group Box: Refer to Validate intel eam ata ub-command .
Report Type Group Box: Click the radio button and select the Pre-design Lintel Beam or Design
Lintel Beam.
Pre-design Lintel Beam - Click the radio button if you want to pre-design the lintel beam. It is
use to calculate the reinforced ratio of lintel beam in the corresponding floor and provides the
diameter and number of reinforced bar according to the calculation result. If the reinforced ratio
is over the maximum permissible value, SADS will give a value of ### to prompt you edit the
corresponding data. Before invoke this program, you must finish pre-design of slabs, pre-
design of beams, calculate wall forces and calculate section properties of walls.
Design Beam - Click the radio button to print out the calculation of lintel beams in the building
for the submission to B.D. Before you run this option, you must complete the Pre-design of
lintel beams and edit the sketch of lintel beams.
processing.
12.7 Edit Lintel Bar Sub-command

The Edit Lintel Bar Sub-command allows you to edit the reinforced bars of lintel beams which had
been pre-designed and certainly all right.
When you choose Lintel Bar Edit from Lintel command of Module menu or click button on
the Edit Lintel Bar as below.

175 SADS
which have previously created. If you wish to edit the reinforced bars of existing lintel beam, click
the lintel beam mark and edit it.
Lintel Bars Group Box : The information of this group box are unchangeable.
Section - Indicate the lintel beam section. Refer to Maintain intel eam ata ub-
command. B and D are the lintel beam section.
Check - If you use Three Dimension Method to calculate the lintel beam, you may check the
check box when you want to check the section of the lintel beam on this floor. Otherwise, this
field could not be altered.
At - Indicate the required area of reinforced bars, unit: mm2. This field could not be altered.
r% - Indicate the reinforcement ratio. It is the result of lintel beam pre-design.
Longitudinal Bars Group Box :

Ast - Indicate the required area of reinforced bars, unit: mm2. This field could not be altered.
Layer 1, 2 & 3 - Indicate the layer of reinforced bars, SADS defined the upper part and lower
part of the reinforced bar in lintel beam has the same value. The notation of bar like "2 Y 16"
means the number of bars are 2, and the diameter of bars are 16 mm., Y indicates high
tensile bar. You may edit these values to meet your requirement.
Ratio - Indicates the ratio of actual area and required area of Longitudinal reinforced bars. This
field could not be altered. When you edit the reinforced bars of above layer, SADS will instantly
provide this value. If the value is less than 1, SADS gives you a warning, you must adjust those
value again.
Stirrups Group Box :

Aw/s - Indicates the required area of stirrup, unit: mm2/M. This field could not be altered.
Stirrup information - "R10 2 @270" is the stirrup of the lintel beam. R denotes mild steel
bar, 10 is the diameter (in mm) of stirrup, 2 denotes the number of stirrups, 270 is the space

value (in mm) between two stirrups. You may modify these values to meet your requirement.
Ratio - Indicate the ratio of actual area and required area of stirrup. This field could not be
altered. Same as the ratio of Longitudinal reinforced bars, when the value is less than 1, SADS
gives you a warning and you must adjust those value again.
13 Miscellaneous Command
13.1 About Miscellaneous Command
In the Miscellaneous Command of Module Menu you can calculate the force coefficient of the
building and the lateral loads of sub-structure due to the effect of wind, to evaluate the thickness
and reinforced bar of screen wall & tank wall, to calculate the reinforced bar of corbel and so on.
When you choose Miscellaneous from Module menu, the pull down menu is illustrated as following
figure.
Or when you click button on , the miscellaneous sub-command buttons are display as below.

1. Wind Analysis Sub-command.
2. Wind Load Sub-command.
3. Water Tank and Screen Wall Sub-command.
4. Corbel Design Sub-command.
5. Print Description Sub-command.
6. Core Programs Sub-command.
13.2 Wind Analysis Sub-command

The Wind Analysis sub-command is use to calculate the force coefficient of the building due to the
effect of wind. The formula which adopts by SADS is according to "Code of Practice On Wind
Effects HONG KONG 2004". SADS will offer a calculation report of such result for the submission
to B.D..
When you choose Wind Analysis from Miscellaneous command of Module menu or click

will display the Wind Analysis as below.

177 SADS
Building Parameters Group box :

Wind Direction - Select the wind direction from the combo box.
Building Height - Enter the height of the building (in M) above the site-ground level in the
immediate vicinity of the building.
Building Breadth - Enter the dimension (in M) of the building perpendicular to the selected
wind direction.
Building Depth - Enter the dimension (in M) of the building parallel to the selected wind
direction.
Site Ground Level - Enter the site ground level of the building.
Top Floor Code - Click the combo box and select the top floor ode of the building which
should be calculated in Structural Analysis Command.
Consider Dynamic Effect - Check the check box if you want to consider the dynamic effect
according section 7 of Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004.
Force Coefficient of Building Group box :

Calculated - After you click the Calculate button, SADS will calculate the force coefficient and
display in the edit box.
Use - You may adjust the calculated force coefficient manually in the edit box. SADS will use
the adjusted force coefficient to calculate the wind load in Wind oad ub-command .
Dynamic Magnification Factor Group box :

Calculated - After you click the Calculate button and you check the Consider Dynamic Effect
check box, SADS will calculate the dynamic magnification factor and display in the edit box.
Use - You may adjust the calculated dynamic magnification factor manually in the edit box.
SADS will use the adjusted dynamic magnification factor to calculate the wind load in
Wind oad ub-command .
processing.

Miscellaneous Command 178
13.3 Wind Load Sub-command

The Wind Load sub-command is use to calculate the lateral load of whole building, frame, shear
wall and core wall at the corresponding floor. SADS also provides the calculation result for the
submission to B.D..
When you choose Wind Load from Miscellaneous command of Module menu or click button

display the Wind Load as below.
Existing Data Group Box : This group box is the listing of the existing wind load marks which
have previously created.

Wind Load Mark - Enter up to 10 alphanumerical characters long for the wind load mark, this
mark should be same as frame, wall or three dimension analysis data mark which are going to
be calculate the lateral loads.
Direction - Click the combo box and select the direction of wind load.
Diaphragm no. - Enter "1" if you use the built in three dimension analysis. If you use ETABS,
enter the diaphragm number of ETABS.
Cap Level - If you enter "0" to the field, the value of cap level is the level of the lowest floor
minus 1.5 meter. You may according the actual situation enter the actual value of cap level.
Inclined Angle - Enter the angle from global X axis to the wind direction.
Layout Group Box : The information of this group box is a groups of values about bay width, top
level and lever arm at the different portions of wind pressure area. The diagram below this section
shows you graphically about bay width, top level and wind load center.
Width - Enter the value (in M) of the bay width.
Top Level - Enter the value (in M) of the top level of different portions of wind pressure.

179 SADS
Arm - Enter the lever arm of wind load about the origin of global coordinate, unit: degree. If the
load P is Anti-clockwise about origin of global coordinate, the lever arm is positive, otherwise
the lever arm is negative.
Width 1
Level 1
Level 2
Arm 1
Y
W
Arm 2
id
t
h
Arm 3
Level 3 X
Origin
rm
A
P
Origin Width 2
Inclined Angle
Width 3
Floor Selector Group Box : Check the check box of the floor code if you want to take lateral
loads on that floor.
Topography : Where the topography is considered significant and you consider the dynamic
effects, you need to calculate topography factor at the level of each floor and enter to the grid box.
processing.
13.4 Water Tank and Screen Wall Sub-command

The Water Tank & Screen Wall sub-command allows you to calculate the thickness and the
reinforcement bars of tank and screen walls.
When you choose Water Tank and Screen Wall from Miscellaneous command of Module menu or
click button on Command utton ar then click button on Sub-command utton ar ,

SADS will display the Water Tank & Screen Wall as below.

Existing Data Group Box : The list box is the listing of the existing tanks marks and screen walls
marks.
Input Data Group Box :

Description - Enter the particular description of the specific three dimension data which up to
30 characters long for your reference.
Thickness - Enter the thickness of wall. Unit : mm.
Wall Span - Enter the span of tank wall or screen wall. Unit : M.
Cover - Enter the concrete cover of reinforcement bars, unit: mm.
Support Type - SADS defined the support types into three different kinds, Click the Combo
box and select the corresponding number of the support type. The followed figure shows you
graphically about the support type.
Type 0 Type 1 Type 2
0 -- Cantilever wall.
1 -- The wall which has hinged support at both ends.
2 -- The wall which has one hinged support and one fixed support.
Direction - Click the vertical radio button if the direction of selected wall span is in vertical, the
horizontal radio button if it is horizontal.
Load Type - Click the radio button to select the load type is water pressure or water and soil
pressure.
Soil Depth - If the load type is "water and soil", Click the edit box and enter the depth of soil.

181 SADS
Unit: M.
Surcharge - If the load type is "water and soil", enter the value of surcharge which situated on
ground. Unit : kN/M2.
Concrete - Click the combo box and select the grade number of concrete you wish.
Exposure Class - Click the combo box and select the exposure class of wall, "A", "B" and "C"
are available.
Tension - Enter the value of tension force which applied to the wall. Unit : kN.
Water Head - Enter the value of water head. Unit : M.
K2 - Enter the coefficient of retained soil pressure.
Steel Bar - Click the combo box and select the main bar is high tensile steel or enter mild
steel.
processing.
13.5 Corbel Design Sub-command

The Design of Corbel sub-command enables you to create, edit, check out corbel data and
calculate the corbel data, SADS offers the calculation report for the submission to B.D..
When you choose Corbel Design from Miscellaneous command of Module menu or click

will display the Design of Corbel as below.
Existing Data Group Box : The list box is the listing of the existing Corbel mark.
You may search the desired Corbel mark followed the steps of Incremental earch at "Window

Input Data Group Box :

Corbel Mark - Enter up to 8 alphanumerical characters long for the corbel mark.
Length - Enter the length of corbel. Unit: M. Followed figure shows you graphically about the
dimension of corbel.
Lever Arm - Enter the distance from the face of support to the nearest edge of load. Unit: M.
Width - Enter the width of corbel section. Unit: mm.
Depth - Enter the depth of corbel section. Unit: mm.
Length
Lever
Depth
Cover - Enter the concrete cover of reinforced bars. Unit: mm.

Concrete - Click the combo box and select the grade number of concrete.
Loading Group Box :

the slab mark or beam mark which previously defined in corresponding module.
Type - Click the combo box and select the type of load. SADS provide following symbols for
loading type.
"L" -- Indicate the load is the left edge of beam, SADS will extract the reaction value
automatically.
"R" -- Indicate the load is the right edge of beam, SADS will extract the reaction value
automatically.
"E" -- Indicates the load is not beam, you must input the value of dead load or live load
manually.
processing.
13.6 Print Description Sub-command

The Print Description sub-command enables you to print out the calculation formula and types of
slabs, beams, walls, etc., which attach to the corresponding calculation report submit to B.D..
When you choose Print Program Description from Miscellaneous command of Module menu or
click button on Command utton ar then click button on Sub-command utton ar ,

SADS will display the Print Description as below.

183 SADS
Print Options Group Box : Click the radio button of "Print to Printer", if you want to print out the
selected program to the printer. Click the radio button of "Print to File", if you want to print to the
temporary file and automatically display on screen.
Selections Group Box : Check the check box of the desired program in this group box and click
"OK" button to print out the calculation formula and type. The selection of the programs are:
3. Description of Slab Design Program.
4. Description of Beam Design Program.
5. Description of Column Design Program.
6. Description of Wall Design Program.
7. Description of Lintel Beam Design Program.
The contents of these descriptions are stored in following ASCII files:

SLAB.TXT -- the description of slab design;
BEAM.TXT -- the description of beam design;
COLUMN.TXT -- the description of column design;
WALL.TXT -- the description of wall design;
LINTEL.TXT -- the description of lintel beam design.
If you want to change some contents of these files, you may use any text editor to make the
changes you wish. Except the design data that you input in Master Data sub-command for the
calculation.
13.7 Core Programs Sub-command

The Core Programs sub-command allows you to maintenance the information of these programs.
You may change the descriptions and B.D. reference numbers if it is necessary.
When you choose Core Programs from Miscellaneous command of Module menu or click

will display the Core Programs as below.

After you make some changes, you should click "Save" button. If you click the "Cancel" button,
SADS will ignores these changes and close the window.

185 SADS
lateral support 73
Index longitudinal bar 84

mark 73
minimum imposed load 73
moment and shear envelop 89
-2- pre-design 83
report 78
2. Floor Page. 125 span 73
stirrups 84
-A- validate 82
width 73
width different 73
add new project 26
beam (1) page 39
allowance factor 37, 40, 42, 44, 45
beam (2) page 40
alternative bar 103
beam command 18, 68
analysis command 18, 113
beam data 73, 78
artificial base level 176
beam load 73
ASCII file 144
attribute 73
associate beams 69
dead load 73
AutoCAD drawing 104 flag 73
available diameters 34 imposed load 73
-B- name 73
position 73
type 73
backup 22 bi-axial method 6, 42
batch code 73 binders 162
batch data 69, 78 BS8110 6
beam mark 69
building breadth 176
direction 69
building depth 176
floor code 69
span number 69 building height 176
support mark 69 button 16
support type 69 button bar 16
type 69 button bars 18
wind load 69
bay width 178
-C-
beam 84
bar sketch 84 cap level 178
batch copy 77 change path 18
concrete cover 73 change project 26
contact surface 73 changeable elements 62, 64
depth 73 changeable parameters 76
design 83 changepath 28
edit 84 characteristic strength 36, 51
enter forces 80, 81 check box 16
exposure class 73 clear lateral loads 146
flange 73 column 91
global change 76 check 91

Index 186
column 91
connected beam 91 -E-
design 101
edit 103 edit box 16
enter forces 95, 97, 99 edit project 26
fix 91 effective high 95
height 91
elastic module 36
load reduction 91
elastic modules 51
loading plane 104
envelope curves 89
pre-design 101
ETABS interface 6
report 94
section 91 ETABS interface command 18
take loading 100 exit 18
validate 99 exposure class 179
column command 18, 91
column page 42
-F-
combo box 16
file menu button bar 18
components 16
FILL 2 Left Filler (2 space characters). 143
concrete grade 51
fixed end moment 78
corbel 181
concrete 181 flange effect 34
cover 181 full control 23
depth 181 function key 32
length 181
lever arm 181 -G-
load 181
mark 181 general page 34
width 181 girder 69
CP1987 6 grid box 16
custom import 145 group box 16
custom import forces 144
-H-
-D-
hanger bar 39
database 6 high tensile steel 36
dead load 80, 95, 104 hogging moment 39
deduct imposed load 34 horizontal bars 44, 162
default values 33
define key strokes 32 -I-
deflection 37
density 34 increment value 37, 39, 42, 44, 45
designation 34 Inheriting 60, 73
diaphragm number 178 install 7
direction of bending bar 40
distributed bars 37 -K-
drawing interface 6
dynamic load 80, 81, 99, 104, 157 keyword 32

187 SADS
load combinations 36
-L- load distribution 37
load factor 36
lapping of bottom bar 40 load master data 50
lateral load 178 load page 50
layer 86 loading cases 89
limitation 22
link bar 44 -M-
links 42
lintel 173 main bar 45, 103
design 173 main bars 37, 39, 42
enter forces 171 main window 18
pre-design 173 master data 33
report 170 Maximum column line in ETABS frame 350 22
validate 172
maximum number of longitudinal 40
lintel beam command 165 maximum permissible stresses 51
Lintel command 18 maximum pitch 37, 39, 42, 44, 45
lintel data 166, 168 maximum redistribution factor 39
check 168
maximum value 32
cover 166, 168
menu bar 16
depth 166, 168
menus 18
design method 166
floor name 166 methodology 34
Kt 166 mild steel 36
load code 166, 168 minimum bond length 51
mark 166 minimum clear space 39
span 166, 168 minimum diameter 39
total thickness 166 minimum eccentricity 42
wall 166 minimum number of longitudinal bars 40
wall thickness 166, 168 minimum number of stirrup legs 40
width 166, 168 minimum pitch 37, 39, 44, 45
X 166 minimum value 32
Y 166 miscellaneous command 18, 176
lintel enter forces 172 ML 10 Left Line name defined in ETABS. 143
lintel load 168 module menu button bar 18
a 168 modules 20
attribute 168 moment factor 39, 42
b 168
c 168
D.L. 168
-N-
flag 168
navigator 86
L.L. 168
name 168
type 168
-O-
lintel page 45
own weight 80
list box 16
live load 80, 95, 104

Index 188
share folder 28
-P- shear lag 44
single column 42
page mark 65 sketch of beam 78
permissible stress 51 slab 60
permissions 23 bacth copy 64
plot option 104 concrete cover 60
Poisson's ratio 51 design 67
practice codes 6 dynamic load 60
preferred diameter 39, 44, 45 exposure class 60
finishing 60
prefix slab mark 64
global change 62
print description 34
imposed load 60
print file 29
K ,E.L. 60
print jobs 65
long span 60
print mode 65 mark 60
print options 65 minimum imposed load 60
printer setup 31 partition 60
private folder 28 pre-design 67
project code 26 report 65
project data folder 28 shor tspan 60
project name 26 tension 60
project notes 26 thickness 60
type 60
-R- U.D.L. 60
up lift load 60
radio buttons 16 validate 67
range validation 32 slab command 18, 59
range value 32 slab mark 60
registry key 23 slab page 37
reinforcement ratio 103 soil depth 179
remove project 26 soil load 81, 99, 104, 157
report type 65 spinner 16
rre-define keyword 18 status bar 16
stirrups 39, 45
-S- stresses page 36
sub-command button bar 18
sagging moment 39 submission to B.D 67
save master data 51 submission to B.D. 83, 100, 101, 158, 159, 160,
save page 51 173
scale 89 substitute frame 42
screen wall 179 support condition 80
section of beams 78 support types 179
segment number 40 surcharge 179
segments 86 system command 18, 33
select project 18 system data folder 28
shape factor 176, 178

189 SADS
code 152
-T- D.L. 152
fixed 152
tolerance value 42, 44 L.L. 152
top level 178 load name 152
type 152
transfer partition load 37
X 152
transfermechanism 39
Y 152
types of bar edge 86
wall page 44
-U- wall section 150
angle 150
B 150
un-balance moment 97
code 150
unstall 12 D 150
uplift load 80 effect of shear lag 150
user access folder 28 Mu 150
-V- r 150
X 150
Y 150
validate 6 wall span 179
vertical bars 44, 162 water head 179
vertical load 154 water tank 179
vertical loads 100 wind load 81, 99, 104, 157, 178
view file 18 wind load center 178
-W- wind load mark 178
wall 160
design 160
edit 162
enter forces 154, 157
force and moment 163
loading plane 164
pre-design 160
report 153
section properties 158
take loading 159
validate 157
wall command 18, 147
wall data 147
check 147
fixed ded 147
load code 147
mark 147
reduct 147
section code 147
stiffness 147
wall load 152

Sads

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sads

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sads

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SADS

Part II How to use SADS 16

Part III Getting Start 20

Part IV File Command 26

Part V System Command 33

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

Part VI Slab Command 59

Part VII Beam Command 68

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

Edit Bar Layout

Part VIII Column Command 91

Part IX Beam-column Joint Command 107

Part X Analysis Command 113

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

Part XI Wall Command 147

Part XII Lintel Beam Command 165

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

Part XIII Miscellaneous Command 176

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

The calculation of SADS is based on the following practice codes:

1. Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004.(Hong Kong)

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

1.2 What's new in version 10.0

1.3 System requirement

- IBM or compatible personal computer.

- Pentium 4, 2 GHz or higher is recommended for maximum performance.

- 256 MB RAM or higher is recommended.

- Super VGA 800 x 600 graphic adapter or higher is recommended.

1. From Start Menu, select Run to display a dialog box as below.

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

3. The next dialog box is Choose Destination Location dialog box.

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

2 How to use SADS

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

2.2 Common Buttons

- Click it to prepare a new record at sorted position.

- Click it to append a new record at the end of table.

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

- Click it to save the data record that you have changed.

- Click it to print or plot selected print jobs to printer or file.

- Click it to blank the print jobs grid box.

- Click it to re-generate mapping data.

2.3 Main Window

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

There are 3 groups of button bar in this portion:

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

2.4 Windows Size

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

©1982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.

Maximum character number of batch code 4

3.3 Import Memo

?982-2008 Gold Sun, All rights reserved.