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    Identifying and Stating The Problem

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    John Paul G. Tamayo
    This document discusses identifying research topics and problems, sources of research topics, selecting a research topic, and guidelines for formulating a research title and statement of the problem. It provides criteria for choosing a good research topic such as ensuring it is original, significant, and of interest to the researcher. It also outlines elements that should be included in a research title and problem statement such as the subject matter and research questions.

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    Identifying and Stating The Problem

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    John Paul G. Tamayo
    628 views43 pages
    This document discusses identifying research topics and problems, sources of research topics, selecting a research topic, and guidelines for formulating a research title and statement of the problem. It provides criteria for choosing a good research topic such as ensuring it is original, significant, and of interest to the researcher. It also outlines elements that should be included in a research title and problem statement such as the subject matter and research questions.

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    Identifying

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    5. Identifying and Stating the Problem

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    This document discusses identifying research topics and problems, sources of research topics, selecting a research topic, and guidelines for formulating a research title and statement of the problem. It provides criteria for choosing a good research topic such as ensuring it is original, significant, and of interest to the researcher. It also outlines elements that should be included in a research title and problem statement such as the subject matter and research questions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    628 views43 pages

    Identifying and Stating The Problem

    Uploaded by

    John Paul G. Tamayo
    This document discusses identifying research topics and problems, sources of research topics, selecting a research topic, and guidelines for formulating a research title and statement of the problem. It provides criteria for choosing a good research topic such as ensuring it is original, significant, and of interest to the researcher. It also outlines elements that should be included in a research title and problem statement such as the subject matter and research questions.

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    IDENTIFYING

    AND STATING
    THE PROBLEM
    RESEARCH TOPIC
    The first challenge of any research is
    the identification of a research topic. A
    research topic or problem is an intellectual
    stimulus calling for a answer in the form of
    scientific inquiry. Topics or problems are
    general questions about relations among
    variables, or characteristics of the
    phenomenon which a researcher needs to
    undertake (Birionet. al., 2005 ,)
    SOURCES OF
    RESEARCH TOPICS
    OR PROBLEMS
    The following are the things that may
    be considered before starting the
    research activity:
    •  Prevailing theories or philosophy
    •  Observations, intuitions or a
    combination of both
    •  Different subjects taken and from
    them identify a problem that
    interests a student-researcher most.
    •  Fields of interest or specialization or
    event from related fields.
    •  Existing problems in the classroom /
    school/campus/university which one
    may want to solve are good sources
    of research problems.
    •  Existing needs of the community
    or society.
    •  Repetition or extension of investigation
    already conducted or may be an
    offshoot of studies underway (Angeles,
    1966, p.86)
    •  Related studies and literatures
    •  Advice of authorities or experts from
    funding agencies
    •  Offshoots of friendly conversations
    •  Incidental from interesting topics of
    professors during the course meeting/
    session.
    SELECTING
    THE
    RESEARCH
    TOPIC
    In choosing a research problem, be
    guided by the following criteria:
    •  It should be something new or
    different from what has already
    been written about.
    •  It must be original
    •  It should be significant to the
    field of study or discipline.
    •  It must necessarily arouse
    intellectual curiosity.
    •  It should be of researcher’s
    interest and researcher must be
    with the topic.
    •  It should be a modest one for a
    beginner to be carried on within
    a limited period of time.
    •  It should be clear, not general.
    •  It should be specific.
    •  It should consider the training
    and personal qualifications of the
    researcher.
    •  It should consider the availability
    of data involved in the study and
    the methods and techniques to
    be employed in gathering them.
    •  It should consider the availability
    of effective instruments for
    gathering the data and their
    treatment.
    •  It should consider the financial
    capacity of the researcher to
    support the project.
    •  It should consider the time factor
    involved in the undertaking.
    Based on the experience, problem
    awareness could be developed among
    students of research. All of these
    researchable areas or concerns lend
    themselves to investigation. The inquisitive
    and imaginative minds of students may
    bring forth interesting and worthwhile
    research topics. Technological changes
    constantly bring forth new problems and
    new prospects for research.
    Selected
    Guidelines in
    the formulation
    of a Research
    1. The title must be contain the
    following elements:
    a. The subject matter or research
    problem;
    b. The setting or locate of the study;
    c. The respondents o participants
    involved in the study ;and
    d. The time or period when the study
    was conducted.
    2. The title must be broad enough to
    include all aspects of the study but should
    be brief and concise as possible.
    3. The use of terms as “analysis of ”, “A
    study of” , “An investigation of” and the
    like should be avoided. All these are
    understood to have been done in a search.
    4. If the title contains more than one line,
    it should be written in inverted pyramid
    5.When typed or encoded in the title page,
    all words in the title should be in the
    capital letters
    6.If possible, the title should not be
    longer than 15 substantive words.
    7. Avoid a long, detailed title that gives too
    much information .
    8.To shorten the title, delete the terms
    “assessment” or “evaluation” if these are
    already emphasized in the text.
    CHARACTERISTICS
    OF A GOOD TITLE
    •  A title should give readers information
    about the contents of the research and is
    preferable to one that is vague or
    general.
    •  Titles do not need to be stuffy or dull but
    they should generally give readers some
    idea at the outset of what the research
    paper will contain.
    •  Choose a title that is a phrase rather
    than a complete sentence.
    •  Select a straight forward title over other
    kinds.
    •  Use no punctuation at the end of a title .
    •  Do not underline the title of research or
    enclose it in quotation mark, instead, use
    a word processing program or printer
    that permits italics. Use them in place of
    underlining.
    Here are some titles of researches approved in
    various disciplines/programs:
    1.Higher Order Thinking Skills in Reading of
    Freshmen in University of Northern Philippines,
    academic Year 2015-2016
    2. Pinay Single Mom:Paghanga o Pagkutya? A
    Multi-case Study on the Lives and experiences of
    the Solo Parents in Zamboanga City
    3.Abakada O Aba ! Kita...:A multi-case study On
    Child Labor in the selected towns of the province
    of Laguna
    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
    This part of research includes information
    which would focus attention on the importance and
    validity of the problem. It is the general orientation
    to the problem area. A brief rationale to justify the
    problem must be provided. This is the present state
    of knowledge regarding the problem. Answer this
    question: what facets of the problem
    (phenomenon) are known and what need further
    investigation? What approaches have been used
    previously in research of the problem?
    The Background includes:

    •  Discussion of the problem in general and the


    specific situation as observed and experienced by
    the researcher (macro to micro approach);
    •  Concepts and ideas related to the problem
    including clarification of important terminologies;
    and
    •  Discussion of the existing or present conditions
    and what is aimed to be in the future or the gap
    to be filled – in by the research
    Rationale of the study

    ü Rationale is defined as the


    reasoning behind a decision or
    something.

    ü The fundamental reasons, or


    rational basis, for something
    Rationale of the study

    ü What is the rationale for the


    proposed research?

    ü What are you trying accomplish


    and how will this research
    accomplish your aims?
    Lecture 2
    Writing the Statement of
    the Problem, Research
    Questions, and Scope and
    Limitations
    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
    This is the basic difficulty, the issue, the
    area of concern, the circumstances which exist,
    then, how they ought to be. Answer the following
    question: what are the reasons for this
    circumstance? Is it answerable or possible to be
    solved or changed? What are the specific
    problems that the study aims to answer?
    TWO ELEMENTS:
    1. the objective; and
    2. research questions
    OBJECTIVE OR PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
    The objective or purpose of the study is the
    part of the problem where the researcher states
    the objective. This is a statement of a long-tem
    objective expected to be achieved by the study
    this is delivered by the identification and
    crystallization of the research problem and as
    reflected in the title.
    Example:
    “The main objective of this study is to....”
    Research Problem

    What is it that you are trying to


    ANSWER or PROVE?

    Writing a research paper by Dr Ramodungoane Taba


    Problem/Question

    What is the....
    ....that I want to investigate/ find
    out/ explore/research

    Writing a research paper by Dr Ramodungoane Taba


    Meaningful Questions

    How can I improve


    _________________________?
    Meaningful Questions

    What happens to student


    learning in my classroom
    when I_______________?
    Meaningful Questions

    How can I implement


    _______________________?
    Research Questions

    ü the context of the


    classroom
    ü the context of teaching
    ü the context of learning
    Research Questions focus on:

    1.  Helping an individual child


    2.  Improving and enriching
    curriculum
    3.  Developing content knowledge
    4.  Improving or experimenting
    with teaching strategies and
    techniques.
    Criteria of a good research question

    • Relates to teaching and


    learning
    • Personally and
    emotionally concerned
    about this matter
    • Related to a teacher or
    student practice
    Sagor, R. (2000). Guiding School Improvement with Action
    Research. Association for Supervision and Curriculum
    Development: Alexandria, VA.
    ü A problem statement is usually
    one or two sentences to explain
    the problem your action
    research will address.
    ü Define the problem being
    addressed in a way that’s clear
    and precise.
    A Statement of the Problem
    Should Always Starts with
    your Objective(s)
    Example:

    The main purpose of this study is to


    develop the numeracy skill of the grade 7
    students of Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso
    High School for the School Year 2018-2019
    through the use of Concrete-
    Representational-Abstract Sequence of
    Instruction in Four Fundamental
    Operations. Specifically, this study seeks
    answers to the following questions:
    Scope and Delimitation of the Study
    The scope describes the coverage of the study.
    It specifies what is covered in terms of concept,
    number of subjects or the population included in
    the study, as well as the time line when the study
    was conducted.

    Delimit by citing factors or variables that are not


    to be included and the boundary in terms of time
    frame, number of subjects, participants or
    respondents who are excluded. Specify that which
    you will not deal within the study.
    Sample Scope and
    Limitations
    Scope and Limitations
    The main objective of this
    research was to determine the
    effectiveness of team-pair-solo
    approach in enhancing grade
    eleven respondents’ level of
    mathematical achievement towards
    random variables and discrete
    probability distributions.
    Significance of the Study
    In this part of the research, the researcher
    defines who will benefit out of the findings of the
    study. He / She describes how the problem will be
    solved and specifically pinpoints who will benefit
    from such findings or results. Usually the
    beneficiaries of the study are those experts
    concerned about the problem, the administrators
    or policy-makers who make the decisions or
    implement programs, the subjects themselves,
    future researchers and those who are directly or
    indirectly affected by the problem.
    Tips in
    Writing
    Significance
    of the Study
    1. Refer to the statement of the problem.
    Your problem statement can guide you in
    identifying the specific contribution of your study.
    You can do this by observing a one-to-one
    correspondence between the statement of the
    problem and the significance of the study.
    2. Write from general to specific.
    Write the significance of the study by looking into
    the general contribution of your study, such as its
    importance to society as a whole, then to
    individuals which may include yourself as a
    researcher.

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