ETABS RC Slab Design PDF
ETABS RC Slab Design PDF
ETABS RC Slab Design PDF
This chapter describes in detail the various aspects of the concrete design proce-
dure that is used by ETABS when the New Zealand code NZS 3101-06 [NZS
06] is selected. Various notations used in this chapter are listed in Table 15-1.
For referencing to the pertinent sections of the New Zealand code in this chapter,
a prefix “NZS” followed by the section number is used.
English as well as SI and MKS metric units can be used for input. The code is
based on Newton-millimeter-second units. For simplicity, all equations and de-
scriptions presented in this chapter correspond to Newton-millimeter-second
units unless otherwise noted.
15.1 Notations
Table 15-1 List of Symbols Used in the NZS 3101-06 Code
Aco Area enclosed by perimeter of the section, sq-mm
Acv Area of concrete used to determine shear stress, sq-mm
Ag Gross area of concrete, sq-mm
Notations 15 - 1
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
15 - 2 Notations
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
Notations 15 - 3
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
Note that the 0.4 factor on the live load in three of the combinations is not valid
for live load representing storage areas. These are also the default design load
combinations in ETABS whenever the NZS 3101-06 code is used. If roof live
load is treated separately or if other types of loads are present, other appropriate
load combinations should be used.
The code allows use of f' c and fy beyond the given limits, provided special study
is conducted (NZS 5.2.1).
ETABS enforces the upper material strength limits for flexure and shear design
of slabs. The input material strengths are taken as the upper limits if they are
defined in the material properties as being greater than the limits. The user is
responsible for ensuring that the minimum strength is satisfied.
Punching check
The design of the slab reinforcement for a particular strip is carried out at specific
locations along the length of the strip. These locations correspond to the element
boundaries. Controlling reinforcement is computed on either side of those ele-
ment boundaries. The slab flexural design procedure for each load combination
involves the following:
Determine factored axial loads and moments for each slab strip.
These two steps, described in the text that follows, are repeated for every load
combination. The maximum reinforcement calculated for the top and bottom
of the slab within each design strip, along with the corresponding controlling
load combination, is obtained and reported.
15 - 6 Slab Design
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
The slab is then designed for the maximum positive and maximum negative fac-
tored moments obtained from all of the load combinations. Calculation of bottom
reinforcement is based on positive design strip moments. In such cases, the slab
may be designed as a rectangular or flanged slab section. Calculation of top re-
inforcement is based on negative design strip moments. In such cases, the slab
may be designed as a rectangular or inverted flanged slab section.
The design procedure is based on the simplified rectangular stress block shown
in Figure 15-1 (NZS 7.4.2.7). Furthermore, it is assumed that the compression
carried by the concrete is 0.75 times that which can be carried at the balanced
condition (NZS 9.3.8.1). When the applied moment exceeds the moment capac-
ity at the balanced condition, the area of compression reinforcement is calculated
assuming that the additional moment will be carried by compression reinforce-
ment and additional tension reinforcement.
Slab Design 15 - 7
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
ε = 0.003 α1 f ′c
b
Cs
d′ c a = β1c
A′s
εs Ts Tcs
As
The design procedure used by ETABS, for both rectangular and flanged sections
(L- and T-shaped sections), is summarized in the text that follows. For reinforced
concrete design where design ultimate axial compression load does not ex-
ceed (0.1 f' c Ag), axial force is ignored; hence, all slabs are designed for major
direction flexure, shear, and torsion only. Axial compression greater than 0.1 f' c
Ag and axial tensions are always included in flexural and shear design.
2 M*
a =−
d d2 − (NZS 7.4.2)
α1 f ′ c φb b
where the default value of φb is 0.85 (NZS 2.3.2.2) in the preceding and follow-
ing equations. The factor α1 is calculated as follows (NZS 7.4.2.7):
15 - 8 Slab Design
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
εc
cb = d (NZS 7.4.2.8)
ε c + f y Es
M*
As =
a
φb f y d −
2
a max
M*c = C d − φb
2
Slab Design 15 - 9
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
M*s = M* − M*c
M *s
A′s = , where
( f ′s − α1 f ′c )( d − d' )φb
c − d'
=f ′s ε c ,max Es ≤ fy (NZS 7.4.2.2, 7.4.2.4)
c
The required tension reinforcement for balancing the compression in the con-
crete is:
M c*
As1 =
a
f y d − max φb
2
M s*
As2 =
f y (d − d ') φb
Therefore, the total tension reinforcement, As = As1 + As2, and the total compres-
sion reinforcement is A's. A s is to be placed at the bottom and A's is to be placed
at the top if M* is positive, and vice versa if M* is negative.
15 - 10 Slab Design
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
2M*
a=d− d −
2
(NZS 7.4.2)
α1 f c'φb b f
If a ≤ hf, the subsequent calculations for As are exactly the same as previously defined for
the uniform thickness slab design. However, in this case the width of the sl;ab is taken as
bf. Compression reinforcement is required when a > amax.
If a > hf, calculation for As has two parts. The first part is for balancing the compressive
force from the flange, Cf, and the second part is for balancing the compressive force from
the web, Cw, as shown in Figure 15-2.
ε = 0.003 α 1 f ′c α 1 f ′c
bf hf
d′ f ′s Cs
A′s Cf
c
d
Cw
εs Ts Tw Tf
As
bw
(I) BEAM (II) STRAIN (III) STRESS
SECTION DIAGRAM DIAGRAM
Cf is given by:
Slab Design 15 - 11
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
=C f α1 f ′c ( b f − bw ) h f (NZS 7.4.2.7)
Cf
Therefore, As1 = and the portion of M* that is resisted by the flange is
fy
given by:
d
M *f = C f d − s φb
2
Therefore, the balance of the moment, M*, to be carried by the web is:
M*w = M* − M*f
The web is a rectangular section with dimensions bw and d, for which the depth
of the compression block is recalculated as:
2 M *w
a1 =−
d d2 − (NZS 7.4.2 )
α1 f ′cφb bw
If a1 ≤ amax (NZS 9.3.8.1), the area of tension reinforcement is then given by:
M w*
As2 = , and
a1
φb f y d −
2
As = As1 + As2
and the moment resisted by the concrete web and tension reinforcement is:
15 - 12 Slab Design
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
a
=
M c* Cw d − max φb
2
M *s
A′s = , where
( f ′s − α1 f ′c )( d − d' ) φb
c − d'
=f ′s ε c ,max Es ≤ fy (NZS 7.4.2.2, 7.4.2.4)
c
The tension reinforcement for balancing compression in the web concrete is:
M c*
As2 =
a
f y d − max φb
2
and the tension reinforcement for balancing the compression reinforcement is:
M s*
As3 =
f y (d − d ') φb
Total tension reinforcement is As = As1 + As2 + As3, and the total compression
reinforcement is A's. As is to be placed at the bottom, and A's is to be placed at the
top.
0.7
bh f y < 500 MPa
As ≥ f y (NZS 12.5.6.2, 8.8.1)
0.0014bh f y ≥ 500 MPa
Slab Design 15 - 13
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
Determine the shear force, Vc, that can be resisted by the concrete.
The following three sections describe in detail the algorithms associated with
these steps.
ν c = k d k a k n νb (NZS 9.3.9.3.4)
15 - 14 Slab Design
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
A
νb = 0.07 + 10 s λ f ′c , where (NZS 9.3.9.3.4)
bw d
where
The factor ka allows for the influence of maximum aggregate size on shear
strength. For concrete with a maximum aggregate size of 20 mm or more, ka shall
be taken as 1.0. For concrete where the maximum aggregate size is 10 mm or
less, the value of ka shall be taken as 0.85. Interpolation is used between these
limits. The program default for ka is 1.0.
0.85, ag ≤ 10 mm
ag − 10
ka =
0.85 + 0.15 , ag < 20 mm (NZS 9.3.9.3.4)
20
ag ≥ 20 mm
1.00 ,
The factor kd allows for the influence of member depth on strength and it shall
be calculated from the following conditions:
For members with shear reinforcement equal to or greater than the nomi-
nal shear reinforcement given in NZS 9.3.9.4.15, kd = 1.0
For members with an effective depth equal to or smaller than 400 mm,
kd = 1.0 (NZS 9.3.9.3.4)
The factor kn allows for the influence of axial loading (NZS 10.3.10.3.1).
Slab Design 15 - 15
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
1, N* = 0
N*
k= 1 + 3 , N > 0
*
(NZS 10.3.10.3.1)
n
Ag fc'
N *
1 + 12 A f ' , N < 0
*
g c
Av
=0 (NZS 9.3.9.4.13)
s
If φs (v c 2 ) < ν* ≤ φsνc,
Av 1 bw
= f ′c (NZS 7.5.10, 9.3.9.4.15)
s 16 f yt
Av
=
(
v * − φ s vc )
s φ s f yt d
15 - 16 Slab Design
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
If the slab depth h is less than the minimum of 300 mm and 0.5bw, no shear
reinforcement is required (NZS 9.3.9.4.13).
The maximum of all of the calculated Av /s values, obtained from each load com-
bination, is reported along with the controlling shear force and associated load
combination.
The slab shear reinforcement requirements considered by the program are based
purely on shear strength considerations. Any minimum stirrup requirements to
satisfy spacing and volumetric considerations must be investigated inde-
pendently of the program by the user.
Slab Design 15 - 17
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
d 2
d 2 d 2
d 2
d 2 d 2
1
γf = (NZS 12.7.7.2 )
1 + (2 3) b1 b2
1
γv = 1 − (NZS 12.7.7.1)
1 + (2 3) b1 b2
where b1 is the width of the critical section measured in the direction of the span
and b2 is the width of the critical section measured in the direction perpendicular
to the span.
15 - 18 Slab Design
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
1 2
1 + f ′c
6 βc
1 α d
=vc min 1 + s f ′c (NZS 12.7.3.2)
6 b0
1
f ′c
3
where, βc is the ratio of the maximum to the minimum dimension of the critical
section (NZS 12.1, 12.7.3.2(a)), b0 is the perimeter of the critical section, and αs
is a scale factor based on the location of the critical section.
V * γ V 2[ M 2* − V * ( y3 − y1 )] [ I 33 ( y4 − y3 ) − I 23 ( x4 − x3 )]
v* = + −
b0d I 22 I 33 − I 232
Eq. 1
γ [ M 3* − V * ( x3 − x1 )] [ I 22 ( x4 − x3 ) − I 23 ( y4 − y3 )]
V3
I 22 I 33 − I 232
n
I 22 = ∑
sides =1
I 22 , where "sides" refers to the sides of the critical
Slab Design 15 - 19
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
n
I 33 = ∑
sides =1
I 33 , where "sides" refers to the sides of the critical
n
I 23 = ∑
sides =1
I 23 , where "sides" refers to the sides of the critical
The equations for I 22 , I 33, and I 23 are different depending on whether the side
of the critical section for punching shear being considered is parallel to the 2-
axis or parallel to the 3-axis. Refer to Figures 15-4.
=
I 22 Ld ( y2 − y3 ) 2 , for side of critical section parallel to 2-axis Eq. 5a
Ld 3 dL3
I 22 = + + Ld ( y2 − y3 ) 2 , for the side of the critical section
12 12
parallel to the 3-axis Eq. 5b
15 - 20 Slab Design
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
Centroid of entire y2 - y3
critical section for
punching shear. Center of side of critical
Coordinates are (x3,y3). section being considered.
L Coordinates are (x 2,y2).
Ld 3 dL3
I 33 = + + Ld ( x2 − y3 ) 2 , for the side of the critical section
12 12
parallel to the 2-axis Eq. 6
=
I 33 Ld ( x2 − x3 ) 2 , for the side of the critical section
parallel to the 3-axis Eq. 6b
Slab Design 15 - 21
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
where,
I22 = Moment of inertia of critical section for punching shear about an axis
that is parallel to the local 2-axis
I33 = Moment of inertia of critical section for punching shear about an axis
that is parallel to the local 3-axis
I23 = Product of inertia of critical section for punching shear with respect to
the 2 and 3 planes
L = Length of the side of the critical section for punching shear currently
being considered
x2, y2 = Coordinates of center of one side of critical section for punching shear
15 - 22 Slab Design
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
The algorithm for designing the required punching shear reinforcement is used
when the punching shear capacity ratio exceeds unity. The Critical Section for
Punching Shear and Transfer of Unbalanced Moment as described in the earlier
sections remain unchanged. The design of punching shear reinforcement is per-
formed as described in the subsections that follow.
1
vc = f 'c (NZS 12.7.3.5)
6
Given v*, vc, and vmax, the required shear reinforcement is calculated as follows,
where, φ, is the strength reduction factor.
Slab Design 15 - 23
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
Av ( vn − vc )
= (NZS 12.7.4.2(a))
s φ f yv d
1
Vs ≥ f 'c bo d (NZS 12.7.4.3)
16
If vn > φvmax, a failure condition is declared. (NZS 12.7.3.4)
The distance between the column face and the first line of shear reinforcement
shall not exceed d /2. The spacing between adjacent shear reinforcement in the
15 - 24 Slab Design
Chapter 15 - Design for NZS 3101-06
Punching shear reinforcement is most effective near column corners where there
are concentrations of shear stress. Therefore, the minimum number of lines of
shear reinforcement is 4, 6, and 8, for corner, edge, and interior columns respec-
tively.
When specifying shear studs, the distance, so, between the column face and the
first peripheral line of shear studs should not be smaller than 0.5d. The spacing
between adjacent shear studs, g, at the first peripheral line of studs shall not ex-
ceed 2d and in the case of studs in a radial pattern, the angle between adjacent
stud rails shall not exceed 60 degrees. The limits of so and the spacing, s, between
the peripheral lines are specified as:
g ≤ 2d (NZS 12.7.4.4)
Slab Design 15 - 25
Chapter 16
Design for Singapore CP 65-99
This chapter describes in detail the various aspects of the concrete design
procedure that is used by ETABS when the Singapore standard, Structural Use
of Concrete code CP 65-99 [CP 99], is selected. The program also includes the
recommendations of BC 2:2008 Design Guide of High Strength Concrete to Sin-
gapore Standard CP65 [BC 2008]. Various notations used in this chapter are
listed in Table 16-1. For referencing to the pertinent sections of the Singapore
code in this chapter, a prefix “CP” followed by the section number is used.
English as well as SI and MKS metric units can be used for input. The code is
based on Newton-millimeter-second units. For simplicity, all equations and
descriptions presented in this chapter correspond to Newton-millimeter-second
units unless otherwise noted.
16.1 Notations
Table 16-1 List of Symbols Used in the CP 65-99 Code
Ag Gross area of cross-section, mm2
Notations 16 - 1
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
16 - 2 Notations
Chapter 16 - Design for Singapore CP 65-99
Notations 16 - 3
ETABS Reinforced Concrete Design
1.4D
(CP 2.4.3)
1.4D + 1.6L
1.0D ± 1.4W
1.4D ± 1.4W (CP 2.4.3)
1.2D + 1.2L ± 1.2W
These are also the default design load combinations in ETABS whenever the CP
65-99 code is used. If roof live load is treated separately or other types of loads
are present, other appropriate load combinations should be used. Note that the
automatic combination, including pattern live load, is assumed and should be
reviewed before using for design.
The program does not enforce this limit for flexure and shear design of slabs.
The input material strengths are used for design even if they are outside of the
limits. It is the user's responsible to use the proper strength values while defining
the materials.