THESIS

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Chapter I
PROBLEMS AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
In the Philippines, there are over thousands of
universities and colleges. It is the final stage of getting
ready to conquer the job environment. It will serve as the
stepping stone for everyone to achieve their dreams in
life. Sooner or later, senior high school students will
graduate and will look for best institution to continue
what they have started. Before that all, you need to do is
to find a school that will fit to your expectation.
College is where you can get additional knowledge
about what you learned in your past 12 years at studying.
So, picking the best school will take a lot of time, money
and effort. There's so many universities in the
Philippine's but one thing is for sure, all universities
and colleges will surely let you acquire more knowledge and
experience.
The vital role of choosing a college school shouldn’t
be underestimated. Our choice of college is a gamble that
our future is at stake. We need to be wise and smart in
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choosing our college school in order to achieve the proper
education system. Choosing the right universities will help
you to reach your goals in life, joins with your strong
passion and concupiscent yearning to pursue your dreams
will help you to reach the top.
Sooner or later, senior high school students will
graduate and will look for best institution to continue
what they have started and our future will be molded during
our college life. But before that, they need to find a
school that will fit to their expectation. There are
thousands of universities and colleges all over the
Philippines to choose from. And because of this, grade 12
students are having a hard time to pick the school that
suits them. As Ramirez & Dizon (2014) have observed,
Graduating students from Senior High School may not have
firm decisions on where they want to study or what courses
they will take. They plans to enter in college without an
idea of what career they want to pursue for the future they
dream of.
Most of us prefer the best university because it will
be their second home for years. Choose the best educational
system because the knowledge they’ll give can be a sword
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and shield while taking the path towards the desired
profession. Pick the best university or college that has
the best facilities to start their basic experience for
their future work or profession. And they will choose the
best college school for themselves because it’s their
future we’re talking about. The future depends on how and
what you are in your college life.
Nowadays, Grade-12 students are facing the one of
major decision in a student’s life, and that is making
decision in what college school they’ll choose. Grade 12
students choose their college schools for many reasons. The
factor that affect this decision include (1) Financial aid,
the money/expenses you’ll use in college. (2) Students’
characteristics, if that college school reflects your
attitude and behavior. (3)Institutional characteristic, the
quality of the college school/university. (4) Influential
people, the impact of other people’s opinions to their
decision in choosing their school in college. (5) Internet,
the impact of social media or the things they see in the
internet in the school they will choose.
The researchers decided to conduct this study because
there is limited research about college choice in the
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Philippines. According to Liu, “Most of the studies in
college choices we’re conducted in the United States and
other Western countries like Australia… and some European
countries”.
Thus, the study aims to determine the factors that
Grade 12 senior high school students’ consider in college
school decision-making. The results of this research will
show whether Grade 12 SHS students have a clear decision,
accurate understanding and perception about the topic and
with those results this paper will serve as a guide for the
students in what are the important factors they need to
consider in choosing college school. This study can serve
as a guide for some necessary revisions concerning the
effectiveness of the factors used such as financial aid,
students’ characteristics, institutional characteristics,
influential people, and the internet.
Review of Related Literature and Studies
The following literature review presents information
about the factors that influences Grade 12 students of
PHINMA-Araullo University college choice. The review
examines the body of research available on students’
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characteristics, financial status, institutional
characteristics, influential people, and internet. This
will also address the factors that affect their perception
regarding their choice of college school.
College Choice
There are several studies on how students decide where
to go on college. They either use economic and sociological
theoretical frameworks to examine factors of college choice
(Hearn, 1984; Jackson, 1978; Tierney, 1983; Somers, Haines,
& Keene; 2006). Choosing a college is one of those
monumental life decisions that will determine your future
in a variety of ways.
College choice will be the one that will play the role
of the successful and unsuccessful transition of the
student. The development of students both academically and
socially while they are members of the campus community is
tantamount to the university’s success (Fleming,W.J.B. et
al., 2005).
Financial Aid
According to the survey of The Higher Education
Research Institute, it shows that the availability of
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financial support influences the college selection. 48%
reported that a financial aid offer was a “very important”
factor, up from 30% in 2004. Overall cost is considered as
well. But more than half of first-generation students
indicated that the cost of attending was a “very important”
factor. Continuing-generation students consider cost also,
but at a lower rate. Only 43% rated cost as “very
important” in their enrollment decision.
In the study of Kim, D. in 2004, they analyzed the
impact of specific types of financial aid on student’s
college choice. For overall student populations, the
receipt of grants or a combination of grants with loans had
a positive impact on attending first choice institutions.
Other students, more likely to attend their first choice
institutions if they received grants or a combination of
grants with loans.
In the study of Desacula, A.T. et al. (2004), they
found out that affordability of tuition fees is not that
important factor but still will be considered by the
students.
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Irish Yvonne Mae O. Ambong found out that the amount
of tuition fee, nowadays became a big issue in choosing
college school. And of course, as a practical student you
will choose the university or college school that has the
cheapest price.
In the study conducted by Christine Joy Tan (2009),
she found out that the cost and financial aid factor was
not ranked more highly with regards their decision.
Students consider this factor but not that high with
regards to their decision.
In the findings of Rand Corporation, financial
considerations are important. They will make sure that they
have a sufficient income to support their expenses in
college.
Student’s characteristics
The relation between student’s characteristic and
college choice is very strong. Student aptitude, as
reflected by test scores (ACT/SAT) and high school
performance (GPA), influence the type of students that
colleges target and the colleges that students attend.
Students tend to choose colleges where the academic
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abilities and achievements of the student population
reflect their own abilities and achievements. Colleges
contribute by publishing average student test scores
(Chapman 1981, 493). Kim and Hull (2015, 160), as they are
often required to do, which are studied by academically
advanced students; these students may conclude that high-
achieving and highly motivated students were more likely to
attend highly selective colleges.
Student ability is a factor that influences their
college choice. In the research of Conklin and Dailey et
al, concluded that the person is more likely to desire to
attend college “when students’ academic aptitude is
greater” and “when student academic achievement is
greater”. He/she is more likely to apply to, or attend a
(1) more highly selected institution, (2) a high-cost
institution, (3) an institution located a greater distance
from home, (4) a private institution rather than a public
institution, and (5) a four-year institution.
In the study of Duque, S. (2017), own interest is
often affecting the choice of students, but some people are
influenced with their friends’ choices. 60% of the
respondents totally agree that own interest is the main
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factor that affects the students’ choice of college. The
factor that most influences the decision-making of the
students is their own interest because they trust their
selves in the choices they make.
Institutional characteristics
The academic quality of a college or university is an
important factor considered by students. And according to
Hossler and Gallager (1987), they have observed that
students who lived close to a campus are more likely to
enroll in a college or university. Along with proximity,
students who live in urban or sub-urban areas are also more
likely to go to college than students from rural settings.
Kinzie, Palmer, Hayek, Hossler, Jacob, and Cummmings (2000)
stated that the benefits of choosing an institution close
to home is a way for many students to alleviate some of the
burden of higher education’s cost by attending a college
close to home, students have the option of living at home
in order to avoid paying rent.
In the study of Capraro, Patrick, and Wilson (2004)
found out that attractiveness of social life, defined in
terms of characteristics of the people and experiences to
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be found at a school is at least as important as quality of
education in determining the likelihood of a candidate
under taking decision approach actions toward an
institution. The importance of the social atmosphere is
positively a associated with smaller choice sets among
students (Hurtado et al., 1997). All students appear to
consider student body characteristics and social
environment in their college choice, but according with
their own characteristics they may be looking for different
institutional environments for a comfortable fit.
Influential People
Parental encouragement and support is a factor that
influences the student’s college choice. Research shows
that parents of students often play important roles
throughout their decisions, but in terms of setting
expectations for their children and taking the more
proactive approach of discussing college plans and saving
for college expenses (Bers and Galowich, 2002).
Friends are important sources of information. In fact,
having friends with college plans was the strongest
predictor of college choice. If most or all of their
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friends had college plans, the odds of moderate to high
risk students enrolling in college were four times higher
than if none of their friends planned to go to college
(Choy et al., 2000).
According to McFadden (2015), institutions’ websites
are the most heavily-accessed online resources, with 86% of
respondents listing these as very or extremely useful. We
all know mobile is a priority, but a key takeaway is the
lack of interest in university apps. While 97% of students
have viewed college sites on their phones, nearly ¾ of
students said they had no interest in downloading a
university’s app. If your college’s site isn’t yet
responsive, we’d recommend this be the priority. However,
this effort at an institutional level could be pretty
monumental in its own right. Changing a college website is
a little like turning a cruise ship. It’s not going to be
quick. If that’s the case, it may be worthwhile to explore
a micro site aimed specifically at prospective students.
That can give you a quick, effective destination that you
can use for other digital campaigns.
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Internet
Internet can be a factor that influences the decisions
of students in their college choice. As of today, we are
technology-based when we decide about something. In the
study of Vijay Paul Reddy in 2014, they determined that
social media influences the university course selection
process of potential students. In this study, 19
respondents (24%) indicated that social media had high
impact on their university decision making. In addition, 12
respondents (16%) said it had some influence and 17
respondents (22%) felt social media provided additional
information. Interestingly, only 21 respondents (13%)
depended on social media as an information source as
compared to 68 (41%) who depended on traditional
information sources.
The literature review established that international
students’ use social media to enquire about finance issues,
gain information about programs and activities, gather
insight about course expectations. It is likely that
students may have sought to obtain information on other
areas such as the university’s facilities, services,
events, activities instead of specifically seeking
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university and course information. Social media may
therefore have not been the students’ primary source of
university information but can be a factor that influences
the decision-making of college school.
Conceptual Framework
College choice is defined as a complex, multistage
process during which an individual develops aspirations to
continue formal education beyond high school, followed
later by a decision to attend a specific college,
university or institution of advanced vocational training.
College is the transition of successful and successful
outcome of your future. It gives the final touches of your
life before taking the path of your profession.
The additional 2 year-high school of the respondents
is their training ground for their preferred future
careers. Their understanding is expected to get deeper and
their thoughts and decisions get clearer. With proper
understanding of the concepts, Grade 12 students will form
a much clearer perceptions towards the factor they may
consider in choosing a college school for their future, and
as they are equipped with a higher level of understanding
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and a favorable attitude, they are expected to have more
concrete decision with regards to their preferred college
school.
Figure 1 shows the paradigm of the study which shows
the relationship of the respondents’ choice of college and
the factors that influences their choice. The grade 12 SHS
students’ perception in their choice of college will be
assessed based on the following: financial aid, students’
characteristics, institutional characteristic, influential
people.
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Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Factors Affecting
Profile of the Students’ Choice of
respondents’ College
Financial Aid
Age
Students’
Characteristics
Gender
Institutional
Characteristics
Religion
Influential people
Internet
Figure 1
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Paradigm of the Study
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined operationally for
better and easy understanding of the study:
College choice- defined as the process through which
traditional-age students go about realizing their
educational aspirations. This process is influenced by a
complex set of experiences and policies that occur at the
individual, local community, higher education, and state
and federal levels.
University- an institution of higher learning
providing facilities for teaching and research and
authorized to grant academic degrees; specifically : one
made up of an undergraduate division which confers
bachelor's degrees and a graduate division which comprises
a graduate school and professional schools each of which
may confer master's degrees and doctorates.
College-is an educational institution or establishment
providing higher education or specialized professional or
vocational training.
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Institution- an organization, establishment,
foundation, society, or the like, devoted to the promotion
of a particular cause or program, especially one of a
public, educational, or charitable character.
Respondents- it is a person who answers a question,
letter, email message, survey, or anything else that
requires a response. Refer to all grade 12 ABM students in
PHINMA-Araullo University enrolled in S.Y. 2017-2018.
Senior High School (SHS) - covers the last two years
of the K to 12 program and includes Grades 11 and 12, a
secondary school that students attend in the three or four
highest grades before college. In SHS, students will go
through a core curriculum and subjects under a track of
their choice.
Academic preparation- refers to the ability of a
student to succeed academically in college courses.
Academic progress– it is the measure of an
individual’s academic advancement when it comes to his
commitment at school.
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College Course Decision-Making- refers to the critical
state in which young individuals decide which path are they
in to.
Statement of the Problem
The main objective of the study was to examine the
factors that affect the college choice of Grade 12 SHS
students of PHINMA-Araullo University.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following
questions:
1. How may the profile of the respondents be describe in
terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Religion
2. How may choosing college school be affected in terms of:
2.1 Financial Aid
2.2 Students’ Characteristics
2.3 Institutional Characteristics
2.4 Influential People
2.5 Internet
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3. Is there significant relationship between the profile of
the respondents and their characteristics, financial
status, influence of other people, and the internet?
Hypothesis
The study was guided by the following hypothesis:
There is no significant relationship between the
profile of the respondents and their financial status,
influential people, and internet.
Significance of the Study
Identifying the factors that affect the choice of
Grade 12 SHS students towards their choice of college will
be significant and help to the following:
Students. Most of the students today enter college
without information; this study will help students in
broadening their knowledge about the factors that
people value the most.
Future Researchers. Additional information will be
taken from the study and can be a basis for future
researches.
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Universities or Schools. They can find information on
what they need to improve to be considered as a choice
of students.
Teacher. The study will help them in planning
improvements when enhancing the students’ skills,
knowledge or information on what the teachers need to
consider when influencing students to choose that
particular school.
Community. Can be a great contribution to the people
especially in deciding what college institution to
select.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study focused on evaluating the factors that
affects the decisions of Grade 12 SHS students enrolled
this school year 2018-2019 at PHINMA-Araullo University
Main Campus.
Descriptive with correlation method was utilized and
total enumeration was employed in obtaining the needed
data.
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The main source of data information came from
structured questionnaire. For statistical computation,
Microsoft Excel Software was used.
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Chapter II
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the details of the research
methodology. It presents the research method, source of
data, instrumentation and collection, and tools for data
analysis.
Research Design
To attain the purpose of the study, the researchers
used the descriptive type of research in describing the
perception of each respondent in the factors they consider
in choosing their school in college. The main purpose of
the researchers is to know the different factors that the
students consider in choosing their school in college. The
researchers adopted questionnaires as the main tool for
data gathering.
Participants
Respondents came from Grade 12 SHS students of PHINMA-
Araullo University. The researchers used simple random
sampling which is a method of using samples wherein all
members of the population are given equal chances of being
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selected. The Slovin’s formula (Sevilla, 2003) was used to
compute for the sample size or the number of respondents
which will be the source of data. Sample size was computed
using the total number of students as the population size
and 5% as the margin of error.
Materials and Instruments
The researchers used questionnaire for data gathering.
The survey questionnaire is a combination of recognition
type and completion type of questions. The researchers also
used Likert’s Scale to rank the factors that will influence
students in school decision making. Recognition type of
questions was used to obtain the socio-demographic
characteristics of the respondents like their religion and
gender. The completion type of questions will be used to
obtain other basic information such as name, address, and
age. The Likert type of questions will be used to obtain
information which has something to do with the decision
making of the respondents specifically, with regards to
choosing their college school.
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The following checklists will be used to gather data:
 Financial Aid Checklist. The checklist consists of 3
statements where the respondents will be asked to
indicate how money or expenses affects in choosing their
school in college.
 Students’ Characteristics Checklist. The checklist
consists of 3 statements where the respondents will be
asked to assess their characteristics or their attitude
and behavior that influences in their college school
decision-making.
 Institutional Characteristics Checklist. The checklist
consists of 3 statements where the respondents will be
stating the qualities of the school or university they
desire.
 Influential People Checklist. The checklist consists of
3 statements where the respondents evaluated the impact
of other people’s opinion to their decision in choosing
their school in college.
 Internet Checklist. The checklist consists of 3
statements where the respondents will be stating how
technology or social media affects their decision
especially in college school decision-making.
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For the response on the following checklist, five
options will be offered to the respondents:
5- Strongly Agree
4- Agree
3- Uncertain
2- Disagree
1- Strongly Disagree
Data Collection
Approval of the adviser of the subject in Practical
Research I, and permission from the SHS Principal of
PHINMA-Araullo University was obtained in order to conduct
the study. Complete lists of the target respondents was
secured. The 5 researchers administered and retrieved the
questionnaires. The researchers conducted the survey
questionnaires amongst Grade 12 SHS students. After that,
the respondents’ answers was tallied and analyzed.
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Data Analysis
Analysis was done using Microsoft Excel software. The
level of significance was set at 0.05. Data was analyzed
using the following statistical method:
1. Percentage
This tool was used to assess the respondents’ profile
and the factors affecting their choice of school. The
results of the computation gave data that answered the
first problem and second sub-problem in problem two.
The formula for Percentage is:
𝑃 = 𝑓/𝑁𝑥 100
Where:
P= percentage
f= frequency
N= total number of factors
2. Weighted Mean
Weighted mean was used to evaluate financial aid,
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influential people, and internet towards choosing school in
college. The results gathered answered sub-problems two,
three and four in problem two.
The formula for Weighted Mean is as follows:
WM = ∑wX/∑w
Where:
WM= Weighted Mean
w= Weighting Factor
X= Observed Factors
3. Pearson r Correlation
Pearson r correlation was used to answer the problem
three which established the relationship between the
factors affecting choice of school in college and the
profile of the respondents.
The formula for Pearson r is as follows:
𝑁 ∑ xy − ∑
𝑟=
√𝑁∑x 2 − ∑(x 2 )[N∑y 2 − ∑(y 2 )]
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Where:
r = Pearson r correlation coefficient
N = number of observations
∑xy = sum of product of paired scores
∑x = sum of x scores
∑y = sum of y scores
∑𝑥 2 = sum of squared x scores
∑𝑦 2 = sum of squared y scores
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CHAPTER III
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
TABLE 1
Age of the respondents
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
16 YEARS OLD 70 20.59
17 YEARS OLD 109 32.06
18 YEARS OLD and 161 47.35
above
TOTAL 340 100
Age of the respondents
The table 1 presents the distribution of 340
respondents according to their age. Based on the analysis
of data, 70 or 20.59% of the respondents’ age is 16 years
old, 109 or 32.06% of the age is 17 years old, and 161 or
47.35% of the age is 18 years old. This showed that most of
our respondents ages 17 and 18 years old.
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TABLE 2
Gender of the Respondents
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
MALE 119 35
FEMALE 221 65
TOTAL 340 100
Gender of the Respondents
Table 2 presents the distribution of 340 respondents
according to their gender. Based on the analysis of data,
119 or 35% of the respondents we’re male, followed by
female with 221 or 65% of the population. This showed that
most of our respondents are female.
TABLE 3
Religion of the Respondents
RELIGION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
ROMAN CATHOLIC 247 72.65
IGLESIA NI CRISTO 73 21.47
OTHERS 20 5.88
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TOTAL 340 100
Religion of the Respondents
Table 3 shows the distribution of the 340 respondents
according to their religion. Based on the analysis of data,
247 or 72.65% of the respondents are Roman Catholic,
followed by Iglesia ni Cristo with 73 or 21.47% of the
respondents, and Others with 20 or 5.88% of the
respondents. This showed that greater number of
population’s religion was Roman Catholic.
TABLE 4
Effect of Financial Aid on the respondents’ choice of
school in college
STATEMENT WEIGHTED VERBAL
MEAN DESCRIPTION
1 I think our financial status is an 4.28 Strongly
important factor that can affect my Agree
decision in choosing a college
school.
2 I’ll make sure first if our family 4.22 Strongly
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income can support my Agree
expenses/tuition in college.
3 I believe that expenses and tuition 4.48 Strongly
do measure the quality of education Agree
of a university/college school.
OVER ALL WEIGHTED MEAN 4.33 Strongly
Agree
Legend:
Strongly Disagree – 1.00 - 1.79
Disagree – 1.80 – 2.60
Neither Agree nor Disagree – 2.61 – 3.40
Agree – 3.41 – 4.20
Strongly Agree – 4.21 – 5.00
All of the items (questions 1 to 3) received a verbal
description of “strongly agree” from the respondents. It
showed that 12 SHS students’ financial status is a big
factor that can affect their decision regarding their
decision in choosing a college school. It also proved that
they makes sure first that their family income can sustain
the possible expenses of their desired college school, with
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regards to that they consider if the particular college
school have a high expenses or high tuition fees before
making their decision regarding their choice of school in
college.
This favors to Irish Yvonne Mae O. Ambong’s statement
that the amount of tuition fee, nowadays became a big issue
in choosing college school. And of course, as a practical
student you will choose the university or college school
that has the cheapest price
TABLE 5
Effect of Students’ characteristics on the respondents’
choice of school in college
MEAN DESCRIPTION
1 I think that it’ll be best for me 3.54 Agree
to find a college school/university
that suits my behaviors and
physical characteristics.
2 I’ll make sure first that my chosen 3.48 Agree
college school/university can
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handle my characteristics.
3 I’ll make sure that it’ll be not 3.59 Agree
hard for me to change my
characteristics just to suit myself
in the school’s environment.
OVER ALL WEIGHTED MEAN 3.53 Agree
Legend:
Disagree – 1.80 – 2.60
Agree – 3.41 – 4.20
All of the questions received a verbal description of
“Agree” from the Grade 12 respondents. This proves that the
students’ characteristics can also influence their college
school choice decision making. They agreed that the
university that suits and can handle their behaviors and
physical characteristics will be the best choice for them.
And regarding the adjustment on their behavior towards
their environment, they makes sure that it’ll be not hard
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for them to adapt the behavior of their fellow students and
they don’t need to have a big change regarding their
behavior and physical characteristics.
In support to this, in the study of Duque, S. (2017),
the factor that most influences the decision-making of the
students is their own interest because they trust their
selves in the choices they make.
TABLE 6
Effect of Institutional characteristics on the respondents’
choice of school in college
MEAN DESCRIPTION
1 I consider the academic quality of 4.37 Strongly
a college/university. Agree
2 I believe that the distance between 4.16 Agree
our house and the college school
location can affect my decision.
3 I’ll make sure that the college 4.31 Strongly
school/university can give me the Agree
skills, and knowledge that I need.
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OVER ALL WEIGHTED MEAN 4.28 Strongly
Agree
Legend:
Disagree – 1.80 – 2.60
Agree – 3.41 – 4.20
The item 1 and 3 on the table 6 received a verbal
description of strongly agree. On the other hand, item
received a verbal description of “agree” from the
respondents. It showed that institutional characteristics
related to grade 12 ABM HT students’ choice of school in
college that academic quality, its distance, location and
also the knowledge and skills can contribute to the
students’ choice. With a weighted mean of 4.28 a verbal
description of strongly agree clearly states that the
institutional characteristics strongly affect the
respondents’ choice of school in college.
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This favors to the statement of Kinzie, Palmer, Hayek,
Hossler, Jacob, and Cummmings (2000) that the benefits of
choosing an institution close to home is a way for many
students to alleviate some of the burden of higher
education’s cost by attending a college close to home,
students have the option of living at home in order to
avoid paying rent.
In addition to this, Hurtado et al., 1997). All
students appear to consider student body characteristics
and social environment in their college choice, but
according with their own characteristics they may be
looking for different institutional environments for a
comfortable fit.
TABLE 7
Effect of Influential people on the respondents’ choice of
school in college
MEAN DESCRIPTION
1 Opinions of other people can 3.21 Neither
strongly affect my decision. Agree nor
39
Disagree
2 I always consider the advice of my 3.55 Agree
parents , friends, etc.
3 I’ll choose a college school where 3.49 Agree
my classmates/friends will study.
Legend:
Disagree – 1.80 – 2.60
Agree – 3.41 – 4.20
Item number 2 and 3 received a verbal description
“Agree” from the respondents. This proved that they are
dependent to other people’s opinion. Their decision or
choice is affected by the opinion of people around them
(their parents, friends, etc.). They agreed that other
people’s opinion have to do with their decision regarding
their choice of school in college, that they make a
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decision considering other people’s say about the
particular college school. On the other hand, item number 1
did received a verbal description of “Neither Agree nor
Disagree”. This proves that not all of them are agree that
opinion of other people can affect their choice of school
in college. They maybe chose to stay in the middle that
merely means “no comment”.
In favor to this, Bers and Galowich (2002) found out
that, it shows that parents of students often play
important roles throughout their decisions, but in terms of
setting expectations for their children and taking the more
proactive approach of discussing college plans and saving
for college expenses and also friends are important sources
of information. In fact, having friends with college plans
was the strongest predictor of college choice.
TABLE 8
Effect of Internet on the respondents’ choice of school in
college
WEIGHTED VERBAL
STATEMENT MEAN DESCRIPTION
41
1 I am technology-based when we make 3.65 Agree
our decision in choosing a college
school/university.
2 I’ll do a research about the 3.66 Agree
university/college school first
before making my decision.
3 I consider the feedbacks of people 3.47 Agree
in social media about the
university/college school.
Legend:
Disagree – 1.80 – 2.60
Agree – 3.41 – 4.20
All of the questions/items received a verbal
description of “Agree”. This proved that they are
technology – based in making their decision regarding their
42
choice of school in college. They agreed that making a
research first, is a good habit when making a decision.
This also proved that the respondents tend to review the
comments on social medias about the college school and make
a decision based on those. This means that the comment
section in social media tend to have a big role in making
their decision in choosing their school in college.
In addition, the study of Vijay Paul Reddy in 2014
proved that social media may therefore have not been the
students’ primary source of university information but can
be a factor that influences the decision-making of college
school.
Table 9
Table 9.1 Relationship between the Demographic profiles and
Financial aid.
Financial Aid
Profile R-Value Interpretation
Age 0.00530413 Reject
Gender 0.115376 Accept
Religion 0.0342104 Reject
*Critical value = 0.112891
43
The demographic profile age 0.00530413 and religion
0.0342104 on its0 R-value, 0.112891 on its Critical Value
with the interpretation of reject, which means age and
religion are rejecting the null hypothesis, "There is
significant relationship on age, and religion between the
financial aid." The demographic profile religion 0.115376
on its R-value, 0.112891 on its Critical value which means
that we are accepting the null hypothesis, “There is no
significant relationship between the religion and the
financial aid.”
Students’ characteristics.
Students’ Characteristics
Age 0.1374 Accept
Gender 0.025693 Reject
Religion 0.13345738 Accept
The demographic profile age got 0.1374, and religion
got 0.13345738 on its R-value with the constant critical
value of 0.112891. Interpretation was accept which means we
44
are accepting the null hypothesis "There is no significant
relationship between demographic profile age and religion
in students’ characteristic."
Upon computing the relationship between the
demographic profile, gender got 0.025693 on its R- value
and with constant critical value included, it showed that
we must reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, “There is a
significant relationship between the gender of the
respondents and their characteristics.”
Institutional characteristics.
Institutional Characteristics
Age 0.062707 Reject
The demographic profile age 0.062707, gender 0.06694,
and religion 0.01351 on its R-value, with a constant
critical value 0.112891, the interpretation of reject which
means age, gender, and religion are rejecting the null
45
hypothesis. Therefore, "There is a significant relationship
between the demographic profile and institutional
characteristics."
Influential people.
Influential People
Age 0.07372 Reject
Gender 0.14322 Accept
The demographic profile age got 0.07372 on its R-value,
and religion got 0.10873. 0.112891 are its critical value
which means we are rejecting the null hypothesis. "There is
a significant relationship between age and religion to
influential people." It turns out that gender got 0.14322,
interpretation is accept. So, "There is no significant
relationship between demographic profile gender and
influential people."
46
Internet.
Internet
Age 0.103052 Reject
The demographic profile age got 0.103052 on its R-
value, gender got 0.03823, and religion got 0.04680897 with
the constant critical value of 0.112891. All of the items'
interpretations turned out reject.
Upon computing the relationship between the
demographic profile which age, gender, religion, their R-
value and with a constant critical value included, the
overall interpretations was reject which means we are
rejecting the null hypothesis "There is a significant
relationship between demographic profile and the internet".
47
CHAPTER IV
Summary
This study aimed to determine the factors affecting
Grade 12 SHS students’ choice of school in college.
Specifically, it dealt with the;
1. Gathering the profile of the respondents that be
describe in terms of: Age, gender, and religion; 2.
Gathering the perceptions towards the factors that affects
students’ choice of school in college that is described in
terms of: financial aid, students’ characteristic,
institutional characteristic, influential people, and the
internet; 3. Testing the significant relationship between
the profile of the respondents and the factors affecting
choice of school in college.
The respondents were Senior High School students of
PHINMA Araullo University Main, Barangay Bitas, Cabanatuan
City, Nueva Ecija who were enrolled during school year
2018-2019. The total number of respondents that answered
the questionnaire is 340 from Grade 12 SHS students.
Slovin’s technique and stratified simple random technique
was used to gather the number of respondents. This study
48
utilized the descriptive method of research using
questionnaires, observations, interviews as major sources
of data. For statistical computation, Microsoft Excel
Software was used. There is a significant relationship
between the profile of the respondents and the factors that
affects choice of school in college.
The study revealed the following findings:
Through gathering the data on written questionnaires,
the researchers got the average weighted of 4.2 on
financial assistance which in the verbal description, it
falls under "Strongly agree" that means that most of the
students in the respondents' list was very well supported
of their parents in terms of communication and assistance.
Upon computing the relationship between the demographic
profile and parental assistance, the overall interpretation
was accept which means we are accepting the null hypothesis
"There is no significant relationship between demographic
profile and parental assistance". So therefore, there is no
significant relationship between the demographic profile of
the respondents and parental assistance.
49
The gathered data of written questionnaires that
correspond on parental expectation, the researchers got the
average weighted of 3.98 which in the verbal description,
it means "Moderately agree" that implies that only average
of students in the respondents' list was experiencing high
expectation towards their studies from their parents. Upon
computing the relationship between the demographic profile
and parental expectation, the demographic profile age and
gender got accept on interpretation which means the
researchers was accepting the null hypothesis "There is no
significant relationship on age and gender between parental
expectation". While the demographic profile academic
achievement and occupation of parent got reject which means
the researchers was rejecting the null hypothesis "There is
no significant relationship on academic achievement and
occupation of parent between parental assistance". So
therefore, there is no significant relationship on age and
gender between parental expectation and there is a
significant relationship on academic achievement and
occupation of parent between parental expectation.
Based on the gathered data on written questionnaires,
the researchers got the average weighted of 4. 06 on
50
financial support which in the verbal description, it
falls under "Moderately agree" that means that only few on
the respondents' list was very well off financially and
even few of them got to work on their spare time to pay
their fees. Upon computing the relationship between the
demographic profile and financial assistance, the overall
interpretation was accept which means we are accepting the
null hypothesis "There is no significant relationship
between demographic profile and financial support". So
therefore, there is no significant relationship between the
demographic profile of the respondents and financial
support.

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2

PROBLEMS AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In the Philippines, there are over thousands of

universities and colleges. It is the final stage of getting

ready to conquer the job environment. It will serve as the

stepping stone for everyone to achieve their dreams in

life. Sooner or later, senior high school students will

graduate and will look for best institution to continue

what they have started. Before that all, you need to do is

to find a school that will fit to your expectation.

College is where you can get additional knowledge

about what you learned in your past 12 years at studying.

and effort. There's so many universities in the

Philippine's but one thing is for sure, all universities

The vital role of choosing a college school shouldn’t

be underestimated. Our choice of college is a gamble that

our future is at stake. We need to be wise and smart in

education system. Choosing the right universities will help

you to reach your goals in life, joins with your strong

passion and concupiscent yearning to pursue your dreams

will help you to reach the top.

Sooner or later, senior high school students will

graduate and will look for best institution to continue

our college life. But before that, they need to find a

school that will fit to their expectation. There are

thousands of universities and colleges all over the

Philippines to choose from. And because of this, grade 12

students are having a hard time to pick the school that

suits them. As Ramirez & Dizon (2014) have observed,

Graduating students from Senior High School may not have

firm decisions on where they want to study or what courses

they will take. They plans to enter in college without an

Most of us prefer the best university because it will

be their second home for years. Choose the best educational

system because the knowledge they’ll give can be a sword

profession. Pick the best university or college that has

the best facilities to start their basic experience for

their future work or profession. And they will choose the

best college school for themselves because it’s their

future we’re talking about. The future depends on how and

what you are in your college life.

Nowadays, Grade-12 students are facing the one of

major decision in a student’s life, and that is making

decision in what college school they’ll choose. Grade 12

students choose their college schools for many reasons. The

factor that affect this decision include (1) Financial aid,

the money/expenses you’ll use in college. (2) Students’

characteristics, if that college school reflects your

attitude and behavior. (3)Institutional characteristic, the

quality of the college school/university. (4) Influential

people, the impact of other people’s opinions to their

decision in choosing their school in college. (5) Internet,

the impact of social media or the things they see in the

internet in the school they will choose.

The researchers decided to conduct this study because

there is limited research about college choice in the

college choices we’re conducted in the United States and

other Western countries like Australia… and some European