Fly Ash Comparative
Fly Ash Comparative
Fly Ash Comparative
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Fly Ash Bricks: Fly ash, cement, and sand are depicted figure 4 and crunch at end. However, in fly ash
manually fed into a pan mixer where water is added to the bricks crevice fall out less than that of clay bricks depicted
required proportion for homogeneous mixing. The figure 5. The experimental effect or response of bricks
proportion of raw material may vary depending upon the remark in table 1(see.figure 1,2,3). On study of fly ash
quality of raw materials. After mixing, the mixture is bricks benefits as given bellow.
allowed to belt conveyor through feed into automatic brick Experimental Set –A
making machine where the bricks are pressed automatically. paramete
Then the bricks are placed on wooden pallets and kept as it Compressive Strength psi (N/mm2)
r
is for two days thereafter transported to open area where Sample
they are water cured for 10 -15 days. The bricks are sorted 1 2 3 4
No.
and tested before dispatch. Normal
593.20( 522.13 1203.8
B. Materials: clay 593.20 (4.09)
4.09) (3.6) 1(8.3)
bricks
Fly Ash: Two types of fly ash are commonly used in
Fly Ash 587.40 826.71 1556.25(10.73 641.06(
concrete: Class C and Class F. Class C are often high- Bricks (4.05) (5.7) ) 4.42)
calcium fly ashes with carbon content less than 2%;
Experimental Set –B
whereas, Class F are generally low-calcium fly ashes with
param
carbon contents less than 5% but sometimes as high as 10%. Compressive Strength psi (N/mm2)
eter
In general, Class C ashes are produced from burning sub-
Sampl
bituminous or lignite coals and Class F ashes bituminous or 1 2 3 4
e No.
anthracite coals. Performance properties between Class C
and F ashes vary depending on the chemical and physical Norm
652.66 651.2
properties of the ash and how the ash interacts with cement al clay 548.24 (3.78) 798 (5.5)
(4.5) (4.49)
in the concrete Class F fly ash possess only pozzolanic bricks
properties whereas class C fly ash possess both cementitious Fly
1130 1102.
and pozzolanic properties. Many Class C ashes, when Ash 1150 (7.93) 1160 (8)
(7.71) 2 (7.6)
exposed to water, will react and become hard just like Bricks
cement, but not Class F ashes. Most, if not all, Class F ashes Experimental Set –C
will only react with the byproducts formed when cement paramete
Compressive Strength psi (N/mm2)
reacts with water. The fly ash classified by their grinding r
particle it also known fly ash Blaine fineness of fly ash is Sample
1 2 3 4
divided into 40F(2013ft2/lb) (4125cm2/g), 60F(3262ft2/lb) No.
(6686cm2/g), and 90F(4700ft2/lb) (9632cm2/g) which used Normal 677.
887.6 623.66
in replacing of cement with 15, 30 , 45 and 60% by binder clay 822.36(5.67) 32(4
(6.12) (4.31)
mass[3]. bricks .67)
Cement: Portland cement is the basic ingredient of 1189
Fly Ash 1112.4 1131.29
concrete. Concrete is formed when portland cement creates 1160 (8) .30(
Bricks 3(7.62) (7.8)
a paste with water that binds with sand and rock to harden. 8.2)
Cement is manufactured through a closely controlled Table 1: Compressive Strength for trial mix
chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron
and other ingredients. Ordinary Portland cement of 43
grades was used for the entire work.
Crush Sand: In a replacement of fine aggregate
(sand) in fly ash bricks, crush sand there used its cost
effective than the fine aggregate. There no specific grade for
the crushed sand to maintain the quality of bricks.
Inspection and Quality Control: The Bureau of
Indian Standards has formulated and published the
specifications for maintaining the quality of product and
testing purpose in IS: 12894:2002.Compressive strength
achievable 870-3626 psi (6-25N/mm2).Water absorption: 5 Fig. 1: Fly Ash Bricks Vs Clay Bricks-A
– 12 %; Density is 12.5 lb/gal (1.5 gm./cc) Coefficient of
softening (depending upon water consistency factor), Unlike
conventional clay bricks Fly Ash bricks have high affinity to
cement mortar though it has a smooth surface, due to the
crystal growth between brick and the cement mortar.
these bricks are abundantly and widely available closer to [7] Giuseppe Cultrone, Eduardo Sebastian “Fly ash
thermal power plants all over the country for obvious addition in clayey materials to improve the quality of
reasons, finding dealers in all major cities and towns solid bricks” published in Journal of Construction and
wouldn’t be a problem. Building Material 23, (2009) pp.1178-1184.
Comparison between Clay Brick and Fly Ash Brick
1) Normal clay bricks have varying color as per soil
whereas Fly Ash bricks have a uniform pleasing color
like cement.
2) As normal clay bricks are handmade they have an
uneven shape, on the other hand, Fly Ash bricks are
uniform in shape and smooth in the finish.
3) Normal clay bricks are lightly bonded whereas there is
a dense composition in the case of Fly Ash bricks.
4) Plastering is required in case of normal clay bricks
whereas no plastering is required in case of Fly Ash
bricks.
5) Fly Ash bricks are lighter than clay bricks.
6) The compressive strength of Fly Ash bricks is more
than that of clay bricks
7) Fly Ash bricks are less porous than that of clay bricks
IV. CONCLUSIONS
1) Fly ash used as wasted product and environment is
directly protected by reducing solid waste disposal.
2) The average compressive strength of fly ash brick is
1305 psi (9 N/mm2)
3) In clay bricks, fly ash can also be used for the
manufacturing process. The result of 40% fly ash with
60% Clay will be the good combination.
4) Fly ash used as raw material replacing of clay to make
fired bricks is an effective measure of saving land and
decreasing pollution. The properties of the bricks
improved with the firing temperature.
5) Fly ash does not modify the hydric properties of the
bricks but it does make them lighter. In fact, all the
bricks with fly ash have a lower density
6) Fly ash bricks show less damage than conventional
bricks when exposed to salt crystallization cycles. This
improvement is due to the reduction of the surface area
of the bricks.
REFERENCES
[1] Ujjwal Bhattacharjee, Tara Chandra Kandpal
“Potential of fly ash utilization in India” Energy 27,
2002, pp. 151-166
[2] Samitinjay Sadashivrao Bansode “Comparative
Analysis between Properties of Steel Slag, Fly Ash,
and Clay Bricks” Geo-Congress(ASCE) 2012 pp.
3816-3825
[3] M. B. Varma and P. P. Gadling “Additive to Cement –
A Pozzolanic Material-Fly Ash” International Journal
of Engineering Research ISSN:2319-
6890(online),2347-5013(print) Volume No.5 Issue:
Special 3, 27-28 Feb. 2016 pp. 558-564
[4] Sunil Kumar “A perspective study on fly ash–lime–
gypsum bricks and hollow blocks
[5] For low-cost housing development” Construction and
Building Materials 16, 2002 pp. 519–525.
[6] K. Wesche “Fly Ash in Concrete” edition published in
the Taylor & Francis e-Library, ISBN 0-203-62641-9
Master e-book ISBN, 2005. pp. 168