Functions of Complex Variables and Complex Integration
Functions of Complex Variables and Complex Integration
Functions of Complex Variables and Complex Integration
Complex Integration
3. Sufficient condition for f(z) to be analytic ii) If f(z) is analytic and f(z) is constant then
The function f(z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) is a) f ′ (z) = 0 everywhere
analytic in a domain D if b) f(z)is also analytic
i) u(x, y) and v(x, y) are differentiable in D c) R(f(x)) is a constant
and ux = vy and ux = −vx d) | f(z) | is constant
ii) The partial derivatives ux , uy , vx and vy iii) f(z) = zis nowhere differentiable.
are all continuous in D. iv) f(z) = |z|2 Is differentiable only at the
4. Polar-form of Cauchy - Riemann origin.
equations v) Both the real part and the imaginary parts
Let f(z) = P(r, θ) + iQ (r, θ) of any analytic function satisfies Laplace
Then, equation.
∂P 1 ∂Q ∂Q 1 ∂P i.e., If f(z) = u + iv is analytic then,
= and =− ∂2 u ∂2 u
∂r r ∂θ ∂r r ∂θ + =0
5. If w = f(z) is analytic in a domain D then, ∂x 2 ∂y 2
i)
dw
=
∂w
= −i
∂w
∂2 v ∂2 v
dz ∂x ∂y + =0
∂2 w
∂x 2 ∂y 2
ii) ∂z ∂z = 0 vi) Any function which has continuous
∂u ∂v ∂v ∂u
iii) f ′ z = + i ∂x = ∂y − i ∂y second order partial derivatives and which
∂x
satisfies Laplace equation is called
6. If f(z) = P(r, θ) + iQ (r, θ) is analytic, then
∂P ∂Q
Harmonic function.
f ′ z = e−Iθ + i ∂r vii) If f = u + iv is analytic function, then the
∂r
1 −Iθ ∂Q ∂P curves u(x, y) = c1 cuts orthogonally the
= e +i
r ∂θ ∂θ
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Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration
C)
P(z)
13. Formulae to find Residues: iii) If f(z) =Q(z)and z = a is a pole of
i) If z = a is a simple pole of f(z) then orderone, then Residue of f(z) at z = a is
Residue of f(z) at z = a is limz→a (z − a) f(z) P(z)
ii) If z = a is a pole of order n then Q′ (a)
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