MECHANISM GAS LIFT INSTALLATION IN LAB.

PRODUCTION
(PPSDM MIGAS CEPU)
SEMINAR IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

By:
Sabino Alves
15.02.02.113

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF SCHOOL OF PETROLEUM STUDIES
DILI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Matenek nodi serbii
DILI
2019
 FOREWORD

Praise the Almighty God, because of guidance and direction so that the writer
can complete the seminar assignment entitled: "WORK MECHANISM AND GAS
LIFT INSTALLATION" in a short and precise time.
By completing this seminar the author did not forget to say many thanks to:
1. Mr. Alvaro Menezes, PhD; As Chancellor of the Dili Institute of
Technology
2. Mr. Marcelino F. Naikosou, B, BUS, MM; As Dean of the School of
Petroleum Studies
3. Ms. Teresinha V. S. Neto ST MT; As Chair of the Petroleum Engineering
Department, Dili Institute of Technology
4. Ms. Teresinha V. S. Neto ST. MT; As Seminar Supervisor
5. All families who support and complete this seminar
The author realizes that in the author of this seminar far from perfection both
in terms of language and aspects of the arrangement of the seminar for that, the
author with an open heart to accept constructive criticism and suggestions for the
perfection of this seminar.
Finally, the author hopes that this seminar can be useful for the author and all
interested parties, especially fellow students. Petroleum engineering at the Dili
Institute of Technology and its general readers.

Dili ... // 2019

Author
Sabino Alves

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER ....................................................................................................................i
CONTENTS ..............................................................................................................ii
REGISTER FIGURE .............................................................................................iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background .........................................................................................................1
1.2 Question ..............................................................................................................2
1.3 Objective .............................................................................................................2
1.4 Benefits ...............................................................................................................2
1.4.1 Practical Benefits .........................................................................................2
1.4.2 Theoretical Benefits .....................................................................................2
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Gas Lift Work Mechanism And Installation ......................................................3
2.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Gas Lift Wells ............................................4
2.2.1. Advantages of Gas Lift Wells .....................................................................5
2.2.2. Disadvantages of Gas Lift Wells ................................................................5
2.2.3. Gas Lift Wells According to Gas Injection ..................................................6
2.2.4. Continuous Flow Gas Lift ............................................................................6
2.2.5. Intermitten Gas Lifts ....................................................................................7
2.3. Gas Lift Wells According to Installation ...........................................................8
2.3.1. Open Instalation ..........................................................................................8
2.3.2. Semi Closed Installation ..............................................................................8
2.3.3. Closed Installation ......................................................................................9
CHAPTER III CLOSING
3.1 Conclusions .........................................................................................................10
3.2 Suggestion ...........................................................................................................10
REFERENCE ..........................................................................................................11

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1. Gas Lift Process .......................................................................................4

Figure 2.2. Gas Lift Continue ....................................................................................6
Figure 2.3. Gas Lift Intermitten .................................................................................7
Figure 2.4. Open Installation......................................................................................8
Figure 2.5. Semi Closed Installation ..........................................................................9
Figure 2.6. Closed Installation ...................................................................................9

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background
Mechanism Installation of Gas Lift objectives to be able to know firsthand the
conditions about Gas Lift equipment in the Lab. Production (PPSDM MIGAS
CEPU), which includes functions, working mechanisms and standards used and can
add insight in the oil field in an implementation as well as learning motivation and
knowing the extent of the mechanism system in gas lift installations. Gas Lift
Optimization is becoming increasingly important now in the petroleum industry.
Appropriate appointment optimization can reduce operating costs, increase net
present valve (NPV) and maximize recovery from assets. Oil wells can flow naturally
because there is still enough energy contained in the reservoir. Reservoir and gas
formation pressure is the source of energy from the reservoir fluid to flow naturally
(natural flow). After a well has been produced for a long time or a certain time, the
reservoir pressure will decrease due to production and in the end the reservoir
pressure will no longer be able to lift the fluid to the surface, causing production to
decrease. There are 2 ways to make artificial lifts, namely:
1. Using a pump, Artificial lift with a pump is to use mechanical movements from the
pump to move energy from the pump to the fluid in such a way that the fluid in the
well can flow to the surface. The type of pump that is commonly used is the sucker
rod pump, ESP, Hydraulic Pump and planer pump.
2. Using Gas lift, Artificial lift with gas lift is by using the energy contained in the
gas in the form of gas pressure injected into the fluid in the well, the gas then helps
lift the fluid to the surface. There are two methods of lifting artificial gas lift,
namely continuous gas lift and intermittent gas lift. Gas lift is a method of
removing fluid (oil) into the well by injecting a relatively high pressure gas into
the well column. To determine the location of the injection point, valve spacing,
valve depth, pressure on each valve, and the amount of gas injection that is by
designing a gas lift installation that is graphically illustrated.
1.2. Question
1) How do gas lifts work in general?

2) What are the advantages of using a gas lift compared to other artificial lifts?

1.3. Objectives
1) Able to know the principle of working gas lift.

2) To find out the mechanism of gas lift and gas lift installation.

1.4. Benefits
1.4.1. Practical benefits
1) Can add insight and Implementation science.

2) How is the working mechanism of gas lifts and gas lift installations.

1.4.2. Theoretical benefits

1) For writers, as a condition to get grades from the subject of the engineering
seminar in petroleum engineering at the Dili Institute of Technology (DIT).

2) For the Institute / University, it can be used as a reference source for

students of the School of Petroleum Studies.

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 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Gas Lift Work Mechanism and Installation

The working mechanism of the gas lift is injection high-pressure gas from the
surface using a compressor in accordance with the pressure of the gas injection in the
well through a pipe connected directly to the compressor station then injected into the
annulus and into the production tubing so that mixing occurs resulting in reduced
fluid column weight in tubing, so that the reservoir pressure is able to drain fluid from
the wellbore to the production facility on the surface.
The purpose of gas lift operations in general is to men create "drawdown" in
such a way that the reservoir is able to drain a certain amount of fluid as desired. The
main determining factor in the gas lift method is the comparison of the amount of gas
with liquid (GLR) formation in the well is smaller than the optimum GLR, in addition
to the decrease in pressure in the reservoir. So by injecting high pressure gas into the
tubing through the annulus, causing the density of the liquid in the tubing to decrease
and the pressure gradient in the tubing column also decreasing, finally a pressure
difference arises between the reservoir and drawdown pressure which is greater than
before and results in flowing oil from the reservoir to the surface, or it can also be
used to increase the total production rate in oil wells that are still flowing but the
production rate is small.
Gas lift is an artificial lift method that is similar to the natural flow process or
can be said as the development of the process, the fluid can move to the surface as a
result of the reduced weight of the fluid column and the gas coming out of the
solution. Free gas that is lighter than oil moves, reduces the density of the liquid
flowing and further reduces the weight of the liquid column above it. The decrease in
the weight of the liquid column causes a pressure difference between the reservoir
and the drill hole so that the well can flow in production.
The conditions for a well can be gas lift are as follows:
1. Fluid levels are still quite high

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 2. Availability of adequate gas for injection, both from the reservoir itself and
from other places
3. Availability of compressors.
The working principle of gas lifts is as follows:
1. From the well, gas and liquid will be separated in the separator.
2. From the separator, the gas is used for compressor feeding.
3. Liquid will be scrubered and then sent to the tank.
4. The gas is injected by the compressor into the annulus with high pressure
through the valve, then enters the tubing and mixes with the oil.
5. Sg oil drops, and finally pushed to the surface.

In figure (2.1) it is explained about the process of injecting gas into a well.
Based on the gas injection system, gas lift wells can be divided into two, namely
continuous (continuous gas lift) and gradual (intermittent), this depends on the
productity index and the reservoir pressure.

Figure 2.1. Gas Lift Process (Google.Com)

2.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Gas Lift Wells

The gas lift method has several advantages and disadvantages compared to
other artificial lift methods, including :

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2.2.1. Advantages of Gas Lift Wells
 Equipment and maintenance costs are cheaper compared to other artificial
lifting methods.
 The system can be designed for various flow rates.
 Can be used in all types of wells (upright, tilted, or deep wells).
 High flexibility.
 Long operating time because there are no moving devices.
 Low operating costs.
 Installation of equipment can be planned for lifting from close to the surface
to near total depth.
 The rate of production can be controlled on the surface.
 The sand produced does not affect the gas lift equipment.
 It is ideal if gas injection is only a supplement and the gas formation is
sufficient.

2.2.2. Disadvantages of Gas Lift Wells

 The initial investment is quite large, especially if you have to use a
compressor.
 If the gas used is corrosive, a neutralizing unit is needed.
 It is difficult to operate when the liquid surface in the tubing is low.
 In dual completion with the distance between the far zone and the small
casing diameter.
 Sufficient gas must be available. Air, nitrogen or other gases are generally
quite expensive and are rarely found around the site.
 Large well spacing will affect the allocation of gas distribution and a large
loss of pressure.

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2.2.3. Gas lift wells According to Gas Injections
2.2.4. Continuous Flow Gas Lift
In this method the gas is injected continuously into the injection point at a
certain depth, so that there is mixing between the injected gas, and the well fluid in
the tubing.
The process that occurs is almost the same as natural bursts, which is different
from the 2 flow pressure gradients in the tubing column, namely the flow pressure
gradient above the injection point (Gfa), where the GLR is pure GLR plus the amount
of gas injected, and the flow pressure gradient below the point injection (Gfb) which
is the pure GLR of the well.
The basis of Continuous Gas Lift operations is the equilibrium of the flow
pressure between Pwf and the pressure needed to drain fluid to the surface. Continuos
gas lift is used in wells that have a PI (Productifity Index) and large Pwf, and a fluid
column in the well is at least 10% of the total depth of the well.

Figure 2.2 Continuous Gas Lift Section (Google.Com)

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2.2.5. Intermittent Lift
In this system production is carried out discontinuously and is designed to
produce at the rate of fluid entering the wellbore of the formation. In an intermittent
system, the fluid is allowed to accumulate and increases in the tubing at the bottom of
the well, during the well closure process.
Periodically, large bubbles from high pressure injection gas, are injected
quickly into the tubing under the fluid column, and the fluid column will be pushed to
the surface. The frequency of intermittent shut-in, is determined by the amount of
time required by the slug liquid to enter the tubing. The length of the gas injection
period depends on the liquid slug to the surface. The working principle of the
intermittent method is to inject high-pressure gas regularly to push the fluid that has
been collected above the injection point in the form of slug in the production well.
Then the gas injection is stopped at certain intervals to give the liquid column the
chance to rise again past the injection point. After the liquid column exceeds the
injection point, the gas is injected again, and so on.

Figure 2.3. Intermitten Gas Injection System (Google.Com)

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2.3. Gas Lift Wells According to Installation
2.3.1. Open Installation
Is a gas lift well installation where the installation is not equipped with a
packer and standing valve, so that injection pressure will have a direct effect on the
formation. This type of installation is generally used in gas lift wells with continuous
flow injection systems.

Figure 2.4. Open Installation (Google.Com)

2.3.2. Semi Closed Installation

Is a gas lift well installation whose installation is equipped with a packer, but
without a standing valve. This installation is generally used for gas lift wells with
continuous or intermitten flow injection gas systems.
The packer function in this installation is:
 Eliminate the effect of direct pressure from the injection gas on the formation.
 When the injection gas is closed for some reason the liquid from the
formation does not fill the casing column.

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 Figure 2.5. Semi Closed Installation (Google.Com)

2.3.3. Closed installation

Is a gas lift well installation that has been equipped with a packer and standing
valve on the tubing circuit under the operating gas lift valve. This installation will be
effective if it is used for gas lift wells with intermitten flow injection systems. The
standing valve serves as a barrier to the back pressure of the fluid column in the
tubing if the pressure is greater than the bottom pressure of the well. The gas lift well
according to the installation can be seen on.

Figure 2.6. Closed Installation (Google.Com)

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 CHAPTER III
COLOSING

3.1. Conclusion
Based on the basic theory that has been submitted above, it can be concluded
that :
Gas Lift is one method of lifting fluid where a relatively high pressure gas is
used as a lifting medium through a mechanical process. The working mechanism of
the gas lift is injecting high-pressure gas from the surface using a compressor in
accordance with the pressure of the gas injection in the well through a pipe connected
directly to the compressor station then injected into the annulus and into the
production tubing so that mixing occurs resulting in reduced fluid column weight in
tubing, so that the reservoir pressure is able to drain fluid from the wellbore to the
production facility on the surface. The injection of gas lifts mainly requires the
availability of high-pressure gas used for injection in wellbore and high-pressure gas
that can come from gas wells that still have high pressure or from gas compression
systems using compressors. The gas used in the compressor comes from the scrubber.
Oil wells that operate with a gas lift system generally and have two lifting techniques
namely continuous and intermittent and three techniques in installing gas lifts,
namely, open installation, semi closed installation, closed installation and dual
installation and also has two types of valves, namely unloading valve and operating
valve.

3.2. Suggestion
Hopefull this seminar beneficial good for us specially and a reader this
seminar generally. We, us author, also express our gratitude to those who helped in
completing this seminar, hopefully this seminar will become a better start to a
brighter and better future.

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 REFERENCES

Cepu Oil and Gas Pusdiklat Artificial Lift Hand book Method Hand book.
PPSDM MIGAS CEPU "knowledge and equipment for production of miags"
Electric Submersible Pump Learning Module. Akamigas Balongan.
API GAS LIFT MANUAL Book 6 of the Vocational training series Third Edition,
1994.
Schlumberger Gas Lift Design and Technology, 1999 Gas Well Deliquification
"Solution to Well Liquid Gas Loading Problems, 2003.
Brown, K. E, “ Gas Lift Theory and Practice “, The Petroleum Publishing Co., Tulsa

Takács, Gábor. Manual Gas Lift.

http://bellampuspita.blogspot.com/2012/03/artificial-lift.html.
Winkler, H.W. dan S.S. Smith, Camco Gas Lift Manual, Camco Incorporated,
Houston,Texas, 1962.
Muravyov, I. et al., Development and Exploitation of Oil and Gas Fields, Peace
Publishers Moscow, tt.
Ikoku, C.U., Dr., Natural Gas Engineering – A Systems Approach, PennWell
Publishing Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1980.

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