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3 Weights

This document discusses takeoff weights and runway limitations for aircraft performance. It covers maximum takeoff weight (MTOW), runway limited weight (RLW), second segment limited weight (SSLW), final segment limited weight (FSLW), obstacle limited takeoff weight (OLTOW), and factors that affect each weight. It also discusses runway bearing capacity and the aircraft classification number (ACN) and pavement classification number (PCN) system used to determine if a runway can support an aircraft's weight.

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chhetribharat08
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133 views

3 Weights

This document discusses takeoff weights and runway limitations for aircraft performance. It covers maximum takeoff weight (MTOW), runway limited weight (RLW), second segment limited weight (SSLW), final segment limited weight (FSLW), obstacle limited takeoff weight (OLTOW), and factors that affect each weight. It also discusses runway bearing capacity and the aircraft classification number (ACN) and pavement classification number (PCN) system used to determine if a runway can support an aircraft's weight.

Uploaded by

chhetribharat08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Performance JAR 25

3. WEIGHTS
WEIGHTS

 Takeoff weights
 MTOW
 RLW
 SSLW & FSLW
 OLTOW
 Weight limited by Vmbe or Vmaxtire
 Runway Bearing Capacity
TAKEOFF WEIGHTS
Remember that the ATOW must be equal or lower than the lowest of:

 OTOW

 MZFW + Takeoff Fuel

 OLW + Trip fuel


TAKEOFF WEIGHTS
The OTOW is given by the lower of:

 MTOW

 Runway Limited Weight (RLW)

 Segment Limited Weight (SSLW, FSLW)

 Obstacle Limited Takeoff Weight (OLTOW)

 Weight limited by Vmbe or Vmaxtire


SSLW
The Second Segment Limited Weight (SSLW) or Climb Limited Takeoff
weight is determined by the climb requirements just after takeoff
assuming one engine inoperative.
The second segment begins with the landing gear retracted and ends
at level-off altitude (at least 400 ft).

CONFIGURATION CLIMB REQUIREMENTS

Takeoff thrust set 2 engines: 2.4%


Takeoff flap 3 engines: 2.7%
Gear up 4 engines: 3.0%
V2 speed
SSLW
Some factors that affect SSLW are DA, engine bleed and flaps.
Low flap settings will decrease RLW and increase SSLW, and vice
versa. The optimum flap setting will be a compromise between the two.

Using the “improved climb performance” procedure (V2 + 10 climb)


will increase the SSLW, paying the price of a RLW reduction.

OTOW

RLW

SSLW

Optimum Flap
flap
OLTOW
The Obstacle Limited Takeoff Weight (OLTOW) is determined by the
obstacle clearance (35 ft) within the departure sector.
OLTOW
Factors that affect OLTOW are:

 Distance to obstacles

 Wind

 Density altitude

 Engine bleed (A/C, anti-ice…)

 Flap setting
RUNWAY BEARING CAPACITY
The runway strength may be not enough to bear the weight of a heavy
aeroplane. Depending on the mass, number of tyres, pressure of tyres,
etc, two classifications have been established:

ACN: Aircraft Classification Number. It represents the load that the


aircraft puts onto the runway and taxiways.

PCN: Pavement Classification Number. It must be equal or higher than


the ACN to permit operation of the aircraft.
PCN CODE
1. PCN number 5. Pavement evaluation method
2. Type of pavement T = technical evaluation
R = Rigid U = By experience
F = Flexible
3. Pavement subgrade category EXAMPLES:
A = High 25 / F / B / X / T
B = Medium 59 / R / A / W / T
C = Low
D = Ultra – low
4. Maximum tyre pressure authorised
W = High, no limit
X = Medium (max. 217 psi)
Y = Low (max 145 psi)
Z = Very low (max 73 psi)

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