Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 68 views

    WS

    Uploaded by

    Shita Alemie
    WS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    WS

    Uploaded by

    Shita Alemie
    68 views37 pages
    WS

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    WS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views37 pages

    WS

    Uploaded by

    Shita Alemie
    WS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 37

    4.

    PUMPS USED IN WATER


    SUPPLY SYSTEM

    Chapter 4
    4.1 Purpose and types of pumps

     Pump is a mechanical machine. It is used for


    lifting water or any fluid to higher elevations or
    at higher pressures.
     The operation of lifting water or any fluid is
    called pumping.
    Purposes of pumping in a water supply scheme
     To increase the water pressure at certain points
    in the distribution system.
     To lift raw river water or lake water to carry it
    to treatment plant.
    Cont…

     To lift treated water to elevated storage tanks,


    so that it may flow automatically under gravity
    into distribution system.
     To lift water available from wells to an elevated
    storage tank in stages.
     To pump water directly into the distribution
    system.
     To take out water from basins, sumps, tanks etc.
    Types of pumps

    A. Classification based on mechanical


    principle of operation
    (i) Displacement pumps
    (ii) Centrifugal pumps
    (iii) Air lifts pumps
    (iv) Miscellaneous pumps
    Cont…
    B. Classification based on type of power
    required
    (i) Steam engine pumps

    (ii) Diesel engine pumps

    (iii) Electrically driven pumps


    Cont…
    C. Classification based on the type of service
    called for
    (i) Low lift pumps

    (ii) High lift pumps

    (iii) Deep well pumps

    (iv) Booster pumps


    Point to be Observed In Selecting a Pump

    1. Capacity and efficiency: The pump should have the


    capacity required and optimum efficiency.

    2. Lift: Suction head from the water level to the pump level

    3. Head: It is also called delivery head.

    Generally the total head (suction and delivery head)


    should meet all possible situations with respect to the
    head.
    Cont…
    4. Reliability: A reputed manufacture or similar make
    pump already in use may give the failure rate and
    types of troubles.
    5. Initial cost: The cost of the pump and its installation
    cost should be minimum.
    6. Power: Power requirements should be less for
    operation
    7. Maintenance: Maintenance cost should be minimum.
    Availability of spares and cost of spares are to be
    ascertained.
    Centrifugal pumps
     Centrifugal Pumps are rote-dynamic pumps
    which convert Mechanical energy into Hydraulic
    energy by centripetal force on the liquid.
     Centrifugal pumps are classified in to three
    categories: Radial flow, mixed flow, and axial
    flow.
     Radial Flow: - a centrifugal pump in which the

    pressure is developed wholly by centrifugal


    force.
    Cont..

     Mixed Flow: - a centrifugal pump in which the pressure


    is developed partly by centrifugal force and partly by
    the lift of the vanes of the impeller on the liquid.
     Axial Flow: - a centrifugal pump in which the pressure is
    developed by the propelling or lifting action of the
    vanes of the impeller on the liquid.
     The discharge of a centrifugal pump is fixed by the
    design of the impeller and by the speed of rotation
    Cont..
    Pumping terms
    Head: Head is the height at which a pump can raise
    water up.
    Cont…
     the more pressure the pump delivers the higher the
    head

    Shows : How discharge head varies with suction tank level


    Cont…
     Suction Lift: exist when the source of supply is below
    the center line of the pump.
     Static suction lift: the vertical distance between the
    centerline of the pump and the free level of the
    liquid to be pumped.
    Cont…
     Suction Head: exists when the source of supply is
    above the centerline of the pump.
     Static suction head: is the vertical distance between
    the centerline of the pump and the free level of the
    liquid to be pumped.
     Static discharge head: is the vertical distance in
    meter between the pump centerline and the point
    of free discharge.
    Cont…
     Total static head: is the vertical distance between the
    free level of the source of supply and the point of
    free discharge or the free surface of the discharge
    liquid.
    Cont…
     Friction head (hf): is the head required to
    overcome the resistance to flow in the pipe and
    fittings.
     Velocity head (hv): the head necessary to
    accelerate the water. Velocity head can be
    calculated from the following formula:
    2
    V
    hv 
    2g
    Cont…

     Pressure head: must be considered when a pumping


    system either begins or terminates in a tank which is
    under some pressure other than atmospheric.

     A vacuum in the suction tank or a positive pressure in


    the discharge tank must be added to the system head,
    whereas a positive pressure in the suction tank or
    vacuum in the discharge tank would be subtracted.
    Cont…
     The above forms of head combined to make up the total
    system head at any particular flow rate. Also termed
    as Dynamic
     Total dynamic suction lift (hs): is the static suction lift minus
    the velocity head at the pump suction flange plus the
    total friction head in the suction line.
     Total dynamic suction head (hs): is the static suction head
    plus the velocity head at the pump suction flange minus
    the total friction head in the suction line.
    Cont…
     Total dynamic discharge head (hd): is the static
    discharge head plus the velocity head at the pump
    discharge flange plus the total friction head in the
    discharge line.
     Total head (h) or Total Dynamic Head (TDH) is the
    total dynamic discharge head minus the total
    dynamic suction head or plus total dynamic suction
    lift.
    TDH = hd + hs (with a suction lift)
    TDH = hd - hs (with a suction head
    Capacity

     Capacity : is normally expressed in liter per minute


    (lpm). a direct relationship between the capacity in
    a pipe and the velocity of flow.

    Q
    Q  60  A V or V 
    60  A
    Power and Efficiency
     The work performed by a pump is a function of the
    total head and the weight of the liquid pumped in a
    given time period.

     Pump input or brake horsepower (BHP) is the actual


    horsepower delivered to the pump shaft.

     Pump output or hydraulic horsepower (WHP) is the


    liquid horsepower delivered by the pump.
    Cont…
     These two terms are defined by the following
    formulas.
    Q  TDH  Sp. Gr.
    WHP 
    75
    Q  TDH  Sp. Gr.
    BHP 
    75  Pump Efficiency

    WHP Q  TDH  Sp. Gr .


    Pump Efficiency  
    BHP 75  BHP

    Where :Q=discharge (m3/sec.)


    TDH= Total dynamic head(m)
    Cont…
    Specific Speed and Pump Type

     Specific speed (Ns) is a non-dimensional design index


    used to classify pump impellers as to their type and
    proportions.

    Where
    N = Pump speed in RPm
    Q = Capacity in lpm at the best efficiency point
    H = Total head per stage at the best efficiency point
    Cont…
     As the specific speed increases, the ratio of the
    impeller outlet diameter, D2, to the inlet or eye
    diameter, D1, decreases.
     Radial impellers are generally low flow high head
    designs whereas axial flow impellers are high flow
    low head designs.
    Affinity Laws for a Centrifugal Pump Application

     The Affinity Laws are a group of relationships that may


    be used for estimating Flow, Head Condition and
    Horsepower when the speed of the pump is changed
    from a known speed or the specific speed, to some other
    value.
     They apply to all types of centrifugal and axial flow
    pumps.
    1. Impeller diameter D held constant:
    2. speed N held constant:
    Cont…
    1. With impeller diameter D held constant:

    2. With speed N held constant:


    Where:
    Q = Capacity, GPM
    H = Total Head, Meter
    BHP = Brake Horsepower
    N = Pump Speed, RPM
    Pump Characteristic Curves

     A typical characteristic curve shows the total dynamic


    head, brake horsepower, efficiency, and net positive
    suction head all plotted over the capacity range of
    the pump.
    Two types of configuration of Pumps
    Configurations of pumps
    Cont…
    Computation of total head of pumping

    H = Hs + HL + v2/2g
     Hs - Static head

     Velocity head (v2/2g) at the point of


    discharge

     Head loss (HL)


    Reading Assignment

     System-head curve for a pumping system

     Cavitations’

     Pumping Stations

     Pump Operation and Maintenance


    Example 1:

    Population of a city is 120,000 and rate of water supply


    per head per day is 200 liters. Calculate the BHP of
    motor to raise the water to an overhead tank 50 m
    high. Length and diameter of the rising main is 200 m
    and 40 cm, respectively. Assume motor efficiency 90 %
    and the of the pump 60 %. Take f = 0.01 and
    maximum day demand as 1.5 times the average
    demand.
    Example 2
    the pump shown in the figure below has head
    characteristics that can be expressed by
    H = 100 – 6000Q1.85
    Where H = pump head in meters and Q = discharge
    in m3/s.
    Calculate the head and discharge of the pump.
    Cont…
    640 m Elev.

    1500 m length
    200 mm diameter
    C = 100

    P 603 m Elev.

    600 m
    50 m length
    250 mm diameter
    C = 100
    Example

    f = 0.014
    Minor loss at screen =0.2
    Minor loss at elbow =0.017

    You might also like