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he architecture of ancient Greece is the architecture produced by the Greek-speaking people (Hellenic people)
whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland, the Peloponnese, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies
in Anatolia and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural
works dating from around 600 BC.[1]
Ancient Greek architecture is best known from its temples, many of which are found throughout the region, and the
parthenon is a prime example of this, mostly as ruins but many substantially intact. The second important type of
building that survives all over the Hellenic world is the open-air theatre, with the earliest dating from around 525-480
BC. Other architectural forms that are still in evidence are the processional gateway (propylon), the public square
(agora) surrounded by storied colonnade (stoa), the town council building (bouleuterion), the public monument, the
monumental tomb (mausoleum) and the stadium.
Ancient Greek architecture is distinguished by its highly formalised characteristics, both of structure and decoration.
This is particularly so in the case of temples where each building appears to have been conceived as a sculptural
entity within the landscape, most often raised on high ground so that the elegance of its proportions and the effects
of light on its surfaces might be viewed from all angles.[2] Nikolaus Pevsner refers to "the plastic shape of the [Greek]
temple ... placed before us with a physical presence more intense, more alive than that of any later building".[3]
The formal vocabulary of ancient Greek architecture, in particular the division of architectural style into three defined
orders: the Doric Order, the Ionic Order and the Corinthian Order, was to have profound effect on Western
architecture of later periods. The architecture of ancient Rome grew out of that of Greece and maintained its
influence in Italy unbroken until the present day. From the Renaissance, revivals of Classicism have kept alive not
only the precise forms and ordered details of Greek architecture, but also its concept of architectural beauty based
on balance and proportion. The successive styles of Neoclassical architecture and Greek Revival
architecture followed and adapted Ancient Greek styles closely.
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.

There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the
11th century, this later date being the most commonly held. In the 12th century it developed into the Gothic style,
marked by pointed arches. Examples of Romanesque architecture can be found across the continent, making it the
first pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman architecture. The Romanesque style in England is
traditionally referred to as Norman architecture.
Combining features of ancient Roman and Byzantine buildings and other local traditions, Romanesque architecture
is known by its massive quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy pillars, barrel vaults, large towers and
decorative arcading. Each building has clearly defined forms, frequently of very regular, symmetrical plan; the
overall appearance is one of simplicity when compared with the Gothic buildings that were to follow. The style can
be identified right across Europe, despite regional characteristics and different materials.
Many castles were built during this period, but they are greatly outnumbered by churches. The most significant are
the great abbey churches, many of which are still standing, more or less complete and frequently in use.[1] The
enormous quantity of churches built in the Romanesque period was succeeded by the still busier period of Gothic
architecture, which partly or entirely rebuilt most Romanesque churches in prosperous areas like England and
Portugal. The largest groups of Romanesque survivors are in areas that were less prosperous in subsequent
periods, including parts of southern France, rural Spain and rural Italy. Survivals of unfortified Romanesque
secular houses and palaces, and the domestic quarters of monasteries are far rarer, but these used and adapted
the features found in church buildings, on a domestic scale.

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Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.

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