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Service Manual
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Rev. B5-96
Release approved
Cat.-No.: 18041
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Service Manual
HUMAREADER SINGLE
Rev. B5-96
Release approved
Best.-Nr. / Cat.-No.: 18041

Rev A 1
Introduction
This manual describes service and troubleshooting procedures for Humareader Single instruments.
This manual is written with the service technician in mind, and contains no information for clinical
chemistry analysis, or other applications. For details on instrument operation and specifications,
please refer to the Humareader Single Owner's Manual.
The Humareader Single is a microprocessor-controlled bichromatic photometer system for reading

microtiter strips. The instrument is equipped with four optical filters and accepts most types of
microtiter strips, either 8 or 12 wells in length. An internal thermal printer provides a printed record
of all samples and test parameters. All calibration data, test parameters, and other information are
stored in battery-backed (nonvolatile) RAM.
Humareader Single Service Manual

© 1995. Unauthorized duplication is strictly prohibited. Information given in this manual is restricted for use by authorized personnel
and is to be used for the sole purpose of providing routine instrument maintenance and repair services.
2 Rev A
Layout
Figure 1 shows the exterior of the instrument, Figure 2 shows the rear panel, and Figure 3 shows
the internal chassis layout. Figure 4 shows the bottom of the instrument.
The instrument housing is comprised of a steel chassis (base and rear panel combined) and a
formed plastic cover. The cover is secured to the base by five #4 self-tapping screws.
A 16-character alphanumeric LED display is mounted to the inside of the cover. A 20-column
thermal printer and the printer PCB mount to a metal printer bracket, which in turn mounts to the
inside of the cover. The display and the printer assembly both connect to the main PCB via 14-
conductor ribbon cable terminated with DIP (dual in-line pin) plugs. The keypad is a membrane-
switch type sealed beneath a graphic overlay and connects to the main PCB by the 8-conductor
extension of the switch layer, referred to as the "keytail". The serial port connector (DB-9P) is
mounted to the rear panel and connects to the main PCB with a 4-conductor cable and SIP (single
in-line pin) header.
The strip mechanism assembly (including the photometer) connects to the main PCB via a 14-
conductor ribbon cable and DIP plug as well as a 10-conductor ribbon cable and header. The
12VDC cooling fan is mounted to the chassis base and connects to the main PCB via a 2-
conductor cable and SIP header.
All AC mains components are mounted on the chassis.
The EPROM is located beneath a hatch on the underside of the instrument to facilitate easy
software upgrades.
CAUTION
Disconnect AC power cable before servicing.

Rev A 3
Printer Paper well
(with Paper Roll
cover)
Cover
Optical system
(under cover)
Printer Paper Slot
Alpha-numeric display
Keyboard
Carrier track
(with carrier)
Figure 1. Instrument Exterior
CAUTION
OFF
ON
POWER
Serial port AC power Power

inlet switch
Figure 2. Rear Panel

4 Rev A
Fuse
block
Power
Strip drive transformer
motor
Filter wheel
motor
Main PCB
Strip Lamp
mecha- bracket J8
nism (test points)
Strip
holder
Strip EPROM
track (underneath main PCB)
Figure 3. Chassis Layout
Voltage select switch
Cover
screw
Cover
screw
Strip
mechanism
screws
EPROM
hatch
Cover Cover
screw screw
Fan outlet
Cover Front of instrument

screw Figure 4. Chassis Bottom

Rev A 5
Principles of Operation
Photometer
Light from a tungsten-halogen lamp mounted on a bracket above the strip track passes downward
though the well and the sample it contains. The sealed box beneath the sample contains a rotating
filter wheel and photodetector (GaAsP photodiode). The filter wheel contains optical bandpass
filters at selected wavelengths, and is speed controlled, via drivers U9A and U9B in parallel, to
approximately 4 rps. As each filter passes in front of the photodiode, a precisely located index hole
in the filter wheel in tandem with an infrared optical switch generates a pulse (FCNT) at U13.
Sample-hold capacitor C14 charges to the peak voltage produced by the photodetector and
amplifiers U16 and U14B. The sampled voltage is buffered by U15A and then fed to comparator
U15B which compares the sampled voltage to the output of an exponential capacitor decay circuit
built around Q3 and C16. The positive voltage at the comparator output enables a counter in 8254
timer U4, the value of which is ultimately read by the microprocessor and used to compute the
absorbance. The photodetector output is proportional to the intensity of the light, whereas the width
of the positive phase of the comparator output is proportional to the absorbance. An oscilloscope
can be used to view the important signals at connector J8 while the instrument is in operation. See
Figure 6, Oscilloscope Waveforms.
A DC motor under microprocessor control drives a lead screw via a pulley and neoprene belt. The
lead screw moves the strip holder along the strip track. The pulley incorporates indexing holes so
that an infrared optical switch generates pulses (CLK2)to timer U4 from which the microprocessor
derives position and speed of the strip movement. The movement is zeroed at the front extreme
when the motor stalls. Each well in the microtiter strip can thus be precisely aligned with the
photometer assembly.
Display, Keypad, and Printer

A 16 character alphanumeric LED display is mounted inside the cover. The display connects to the
Z80 data and address buses on the main PCB via a 14-pin DIP cable, which also supplies +5VDC
power. A 4 x 4 membrane switch keypad is sealed behind the front panel overlay. The tail of the
keypad switch layer is fed through the cover and installed to connector K1 on the main PCB, which
then connects to 8255 PPI U5. The printer assembly, consisting of a 20-column thermal printer,
the printer PCB, and metal support, is mounted to the cover and is connected to the main PCB via
a 14-pin DIP cable, which provides +5VDC power and the control lines from U5.
System Control
The instrument is based on the 8 bit Z80 microprocessor U1, using a 2MHz clock. The software is
permanently stored in EPROM U2. Battery-backed NVRAM (nonvolatile random access
memory) U3, incorporates a real-time clock mapped to the uppermost 8 bytes. The NVRAM is
used store test setups and calibration data. Most digital I/O is accomplished with 8255 PPI U5.

6 Rev A
Time intervals and pulse widths are measured using the counter channels of 8254 timer U4. The
memory and I/O maps are shown below.
Memory map
0000:7FFF EPROM
8000:9FF7 NVRAM
9FF8:9FFF real-time clock
I/O map
00:03 8255 PPI U5
00 Port A
01 Port B
02 Port C
03 Control Word
10:13 8254 Timer/Counter U4

10 Timer 0
11 Timer 1
12 Timer 2
13 Control Word
20:2F Alphnumeric LED Display (each I/O address maps to a character position)

Rev A 7
Troubleshooting
The flowchart in Figure 5 describes the logical steps to take if the instrument is malfunctioning. It is
only a guide to troubleshooting, and is intended to assist in determining routine problems. It is not
intended to take the place of an experienced technician, nor does it attempt to cover all possible
problems.
In the following section, each subassembly or component group and possible problems and
solutions are outlined.
Power Supply
The power supply consists of a transformer, two diode bridges, and three regulators. Line voltage
supplied to the transformer is converted to 36 VAC, center tapped, which feeds diode bridge BR2.
The center tap is used as a reference for regulators VR4 and VR5, which provide +15 VDC and -
15 VDC for analog circuitry. Another transformer output supplies 11VAC to diode bridge BR1,
which in turn provides +12 VDC (raw, 11-13 VDC nominal) to the system, and VR3 regulates this
down to +5 VDC for the logic and other low voltage control circuits.
A "dead" instrument may be the result of a blown fuse. However, a blown fuse may indicate a
problem on the main PCB or transformer such as a shorted bridge rectifier or transformer winding.
Also, the voltage select switch setting must match the line voltage. If there is no input voltage
present at J6, check the fuse. To replace the fuse, disconnect the power cable and open the
instrument. Locate the double clip fuse holder mounted on the inside of the rear panel. Locate the
blown fuse and remove it with a fuse puller, or carefully pry it out with a small screwdriver. Install
two (2) 0.6 A 3AG slow-blow fuse. Use only the recommended fuse. Do not substitute any other
rating!
If voltage is present at J6, check for input voltage on VR3, VR4, and VR5. If no voltage is present,
the diode bridge BR1 or BR2 may have failed.
Photometer
The photometer assembly can be examined as several component systems:
Lamp
Filter wheel
Photometer
Strip drive mechanism
The lamp is tungsten-halogen, with integral lens end, rated at 6V 10W. The lamp bracket holds the
lamp in alignment with the rest of the assembly, that is, the lens end of the lamp is centered on the
optical path. The lamp is intended to be maintenance free for the life of the instrument, since the
lamp is turned off automatically after 30 minutes of instrument inactivity. Under heavy usage the
lamp remains on for longer periods and so may require replacement. Also, a physical shock to the
instrument could cause filament breakage.
The lamp must be replaced if output becomes low or the lamp fails completely. No lamp output is
visible from outside the instrument. To check for low output, select test #186. The instrument
8
START
Verify power cable connected.
Verify voltage select switch setting.
Verify printer paper installed.
Set power switch to ON (1)
NO Check display
Display shows cable at J1.
message?
YES
Check paper path

NO NO for blockage. NO
Printer outputs Paper feed 11-13 VDC
Check printer cable
header? occurs? at BR1?
at J2.
YES YES YES

NO
Check printer paper +5 V at
installed correctly. VR3?
Check print head
NO
Check keypad and platen for
Press keypad. YES
cable at K1 damage.
Beeps?
YES
Select Test #186. NO YES NO NO

NO
Printer outputs All voltages
Any voltages All voltages low? Is lamp on? +5V present
filter voltages. 2 to 12 volts?
high ? at lamp?
YES YES NO YES YES
YES
Is lamp dim?

Check conn. pins at J9. NO
All voltages YES Check signal at J8-5. Replace filters with
Figure 5. Troubleshooting Flowchart

exactly equal? Check U14 & U15. low voltages.
Check U16 on phot. PCB.
NO YES NO
Is lamp adjusted
properly?
Verify instrument YES

calibration with Recalibration
reference standards. needed?
NO
Instrument is
working
Rev A
Rev A 9
prints the wavelength, position, and the detected voltage for each filter. The voltages should be
between 2 and 10 volts. If all of the voltages are below 2.0 volts, the lamp is the likely suspect. As
a final check, measure the voltage at the lamp terminals. If the lamp voltage is much lower than 5.5
VDC, the regulator circuitry on the main PCB (Q6 and VR1) may be the problem. Otherwise,
replace the lamp. Refer to the section Lamp Replacement.
If only one or two filters report low detected voltages, degraded filters or a misadjusted lamp may
be the cause. To check for a misadjusted lamp, refer to Figures 10 and 11, as well as the
procedure Lamp Replacement. The optical interference filters contained in the wheel are of metal-
deposition type construction and are intended to be maintenance free for the life of the instrument.
The filter wheel turns on a shoulder screw shaft and is driven by the filter wheel motor via a
neoprene belt. The filter wheel itself requires no adjustments. Indexing holes in the filter wheel
generate pulses via LED/phototransistor pairs, which synchronize photometric readings and
provide feedback to the microprocessor of the filter wheel speed. The photometer contains a
photodiode, a high-gain op amp circuit (U16) and phototransistors Q7 and Q8. Because the
photodetector and related circuitry is solid-state, it should require no service. Avoid unnecessary
handling of the photometer PCB or removal of the optical cover.
Strip Drive
The strip drive mechanism is a 1/4-20 lead screw driven by a 5 VDC motor via a belt and pulley.
Indexing holes in the pulley serve to generate tach pulses via an LED/phototransistor pair, which are
monitored by the microprocessor. To establish a reference position, the strip holder is moved
forward along the strip track until the motor stalls. As the strip holder is moved back along the strip
track, pulses are counted to derive the position relative to the stall point. Any problem with the
strip mechanism is immediately apparent as a lack of strip movement, or noisy or erratic movement.
A total lack of strip movement could be the tach generator, motor driver U10 failure, or motor
failure. Check the optical switch pair (LED/phototransistor) mounted next to the pulley. You
should see pulses at CLK2 (U4.18) when the motor is running. Ensure that the LED and
phototransistor are aligned with the holes in the pulley. Check for voltage at the motor terminals and
at driver U10.
For older instruments, lubrication or adjustment of the lead screw is indicated for noisy or erratic
movement. This should only be necessary at 3- to 5-year intervals, depending on service
conditions. Lubricate only the o-rings and shoulder washers at each end of the lead screw. Do not
lubricate the shuttle or the lead screw threads. If strip position errors are chronic, lead screw end
play may require adjustment. Refer to Figure 7. Grasp the pulley and move the lead screw along its
axis. End play should be less than 1mm. To adjust, loosen the nylon thumb nut which holds the
pulley. Turn the pulley on the lead screw to remove end-play. Do not tighten the pulley against the
o-ring spacer. Hold the pulley and tighten the thumb nut. Re-check end play and repeat if needed.
Main PCB
Under normal circumstances, there are no adjustments to be made to the main PCB. Circuit
failures are highly unlikely, but if they occur, it is recommended that the repairs be performed by
factory authorized technicians. There are ten test points on J8 which provide access to a number of
vital signals. The instrument can be observed in operation with an oscilloscope. Typical test point
waveforms are shown in Figure 6.

10 Rev A
Internal Printer
The internal printer is a 20 column thermal type device which prints ASCII characters using a 5 x
7 dot matrix. A printer PCB, incorporating a dedicated 8049 microcontroller, manages the print
head motor and the head drivers. There are no adjustments, and service is limited to replacement of
the entire printer mechanism. A printer jam can occur if the printer paper tears and becomes
lodged in the printer mechanism, thus preventing the print head from moving freely. Refer to the
section "Printer Jams".
Display
The display should be clearly legible with no missing or dim characters or segments. There are no
adjustments, and service is limited to replacement.
Keypad
The keypad is a sealed membrane switch layer which is serviceable only by replacement. You can
test the keypad by pressing AUX, then pressing all keys except CLEAR and ENTER. Note that
each key causes the instrument to beep and display a character. Press CLEAR and the display
clears. Press ENTER to end the test.
Serial Port
The serial port is intended for use with an external serial printer. By using a special cable, a serial
printer or other serial device may be connected. This is a male 9-pin DB-style connector using
RS-232 signals in a nonstandard pinout. The data format is 2400 baud, 8 bits, 1 stop bit, and no
parity. The pinout for the serial port is:
1 GND
2 TX
3 RX/DTR
4-9 NC

Rev A 11
2
MINIMUM PEAK HEIGHT 2V, MAX 10V
3
WAVEFORMS MEASURED AT J8 WHILE READING AIR
ONE REV OF FILTER WHEEL 250 ms DURING READINGS
4
1
FILTER POSITION #
< 30 m V HASH
>4V
<1V
>4 V
< 10 V
<1V
>2V
FHOME
FCNT
2AP
J8-2
J8-5
J8-3
Figure 6. Oscilloscope Waveforms

12 Rev A
Strip drive
motor
Lead screw
Pulley
Thumb
nut
Cap nut optical

O-ring
switch
spacer
Photometer cover
Figure 7. Strip drive mechanism (bottom)

Rev A 13
Error Messages
Error messages are displayed when the instrument fails to operate correctly. They are intended to
help the operator locate the problem. If error messages appear frequently, a hardware problem is
usually indicated.
The following error messages indicate possible interface or component problems.
LAMP OUTPUT IS LOW!! Low voltages were detected for all filter positions., The instru-
ment assumes this to be a result of low lamp output. This may be
due to a failing or misaligned lamp, degraded interference filters,
or voltage regulator VR1 failure.
LAMP FAILURE The lamp does not appear to illuminated at all. Very low voltages
were detected for all filter positions. See the section "Photom-
eter" under "Troubleshooting".
PRINTER JAM The internal printer paper path is obstructed. Clear the paper
path. If the paper path is clear, Check the 14-pin DIP cable
connecting the printer PCB to the main PCB.
FILTER WHEEL ERR The instrument cannot correctly detect pulses from the filter
wheel. Check the photometer LED board and the
phototransistors Q7 and Q8 on the photometer PCB. See the
section "Photometer" under "Troubleshooting".
MECHANISM ERROR The instrument was unable to correctly position the strip for
reading. This may result from a stalled drive motor, lead screw
misadjustment, failed driver U10, or motor failure.
POSITIONING STRIP The instrument is attempting to position the strip for reading. If
this message is displayed continuously, the mechanism may have
jammed. See MECHANISM ERROR.
The following error messages indicate possible loss of battery back-up in the NV RAM U3, which
can be checked by substitution and power cycling.
MEM ERR-TEST ENDED The checksum failed when a stored test was recalled. The test
was canceled.
FILTERS RESET Programmed filter wavelengths were found to be corrupted and

were reset to default values. Run test # 248 to reprogram the
filter wavelengths. Refer to filter label and Figure 13.
DO ABS SET TEST 212! The stored absorbance calibration values were corrupted or not
found. Restore the calibration data. See the section Calibration.

14 Rev A
Service Procedures
Opening the Instrument
The cover must be removed to allow access to the inside of the instrument. Disconnect the power
cable and the serial cable (if connected) from the rear panel. Invert the instrument on a soft
nonabrasive padded surface such as a terrycloth towel, to prevent scratching. Refer to Figure 4,
Chassis Bottom. Locate and remove the (5) cover screws from the bottom of the instrument. Do
not remove or loosen any other screws. While holding the instrument cover in place with both
hands, return the instrument to the upright position.
Grasp the cover at the left side. Gently lift the cover upward and to the right, until the cabling is
visible. You can rest the cover on its right-hand side while you disconnect the cables. Refer to
Figure 8, Cover Connections. Disconnect the display cable at the left front of the main PCB
assembly. Place a small slot blade screwdriver between the 14-pin DIP plug and its socket and pry
gently upwards. Do not bend the pins. Disconnect the printer cable in the same way. Disconnect the
keypad cable from its connector.
Remove the cover and set it aside.
To reinstall the cover, reverse the procedure. Position the cover on its side to the right of the chassis
base. Connect the printer, display, and keyboard cables. Carefully fit the cover to the chassis base.
Install the cover screws. Do not overtighten the cover screws.
WARNING
Hazardous line voltages are present on the rear panel. Always

disconnect the AC power cable before opening the
instrument.

Rev A 15
To printer Red stripe
Main PCB
To display To keypad
Red stripe
Remove and install DIP plugs Remove and install keypad

vertically. Do not bend pins. cable vertically. Do not twist,
kink or fold the keypad cable.
Figure 8. Cover Connections

16 Rev A
EPROM Replacement
The instrument software can be upgraded to the latest version by replacing the EPROM. The
EPROM is accessible through a hatch on the underside of the chassis, and can be changed without
removing the cover.
1. Refer to Figure 4. Locate the EPROM hatch on the underside of the instrument. Place the
instrument upside down on a soft surface. Remove the hatch and set aside.
2. Refer to Figure 9. Locate the EPROM socket and lift the small lever at the end of the
socket. This frees the EPROM for easy removal and insertion. Do not bend the EPROM
pins.
3. Gently bend the pins on the new EPROM as shown below, so that the pins are perpen-
dicular to the EPROM.. Hold the EPROM by the body and bend the pins against a flat
surface such as a table to bend all the pins the same amount. Do not overbend the pins,
since they are easy to break if bent too far.
4. Install the new EPROM with the notch or dot (indicating pin 1) oriented toward the front
of the instrument. Press the lever down toward the PCB until it locks into place.
5. Replace the EPROM hatch.
6. Power up the instrument and verify that the instrument operates with the new software.

Rev A 17
Lever
EPROM
accessible from Front of instrument
hatch on
chassis bottom
Figure 9. EPROM Replacement

18 Rev A
Lamp Replacement
The lamp should be replaced only if it fails to light, or several filter voltages are reported as low.
Materials and equipment:

Replacement lamp
Phillips screw driver
Flat blade screw driver
Procedure:
1. Set the power switch to OFF (O). Open the instrument. Refer to Figure 3, Chassis
Layout. Locate the strip mechanism and the lamp bracket.
CAUTION
Lamp is HOT. Allow the lamp to cool before handling.
3. Refer to Figure 10, Lamp Replacement. Loosen but do not remove the lamp terminal
screws. Do not loosen or remove any other screws. Remove the lamp by lowering it out
of the connector.
4. Use a pair of pliers or tweezers to handle the new lamp. Avoid handling with bare skin,
since the oil from your skin can reduce lamp life. Insert the lamp leads into the connector
until they bottom out. The lamp lens end must be centered on the aperture and the lamp
body must be perpendicular to the horizontal. While holding the lamp in alignment, tighten
the lamp terminal screws.
5. Set the power switch to ON. Shield your eyes from the lamp beam and observe the
projection of the beam onto the aperture. Refer to Figure 11, Spot Alignment. The spot
should be small and centered on the aperture. The spot should be sufficiently large to just
encircle the aperture. If the spot is not centered, repeat step 4.
6. Select test #186. The instrument prints the detected voltage for each filter position. All
voltages should be between 2.00 volts and 10.00 volts. If all the voltages report low,
repeat step 4 until optimum lamp position is obtained.

Rev A 19
Lamp
Lamp terminal
connector
screws
Lamp
bracket
Lamp
Lamp must be perpendicular to strip

Aperture bracket and projected spot must be
centered on aperture.
Figure 10. Lamp Replacement
Aperture
Spot Projected spot must be bright, well-

focused, and centered on aperture.
Figure 11. Spot Alignment

20 Filter Replacement Rev A
Materials and equipment:

Replacement filter set
Phillips screw driver
Flat blade screw driver
Silicone adhesive
Procedure:
1. Open the instrument. Refer to Figure 3. Locate the strip mechanism. Unplug both cables
from the main PCB.
2. This step is important for reassembly. With a pencil, mark the location of the strip
mechanism referenced to the chassis, along the front and sides of the strip mechanism.
3. Refer to Figure 4. Locate the (2) #6 screws holding the strip mechanism to the chassis.
From the bottom of the instrument, remove these screws and washers. Remove the strip
mechanism.
4. Orient the strip mechanism so that you are looking at the bottom of the assembly. Refer to
Figure 7, Strip drive mechanism, and Figure 12, Filter Replacement. Remove the four 6-32
screws retaining the photometer cover. Set the photometer cover aside.
5. Remove the two 4-40 screws securing the photometer PCB and gently move it aside.
6. Remove the belt from the filter wheel and pulley. Loosen the shaft. Remove the shaft and
filter wheel. Important: note the number of nylon washers and the order of
installation.
7. Refer to Figure 13, Filter Locations. Locate the filter(s) to be removed. Push the filter out
of the wheel using the eraser end of a pencil or other soft blunt object. Remove all filter
components from that position in the wheel.
8. Locate the neutral density filters, dot screen, and transmittance filters that were included
with the replacement filter and drop them first into the cavity. Install the interference filter
with the mirrored side down. Place (2) very small dabs of silicone adhesive on either side of
the filter to prevent it from working loose. Avoid smearing silicone adhesive on the filter
surface. Allow the adhesive to cure.
9. Install the filter wheel taking care not to pinch washers under the shaft. Reassemble the
shaft and washers as disassembled. Tighten the shaft securely. The filter wheel should spin
freely.
10. Install the filter wheel belt. Be sure that the belt is centered on the filter wheel and is not
twisted.
11. Install the photometer PCB taking care to center the large hole around the shaft.
12. Replace the photometer cover, taking care to position the cable in the slot of the cover. Do
not pinch the cable under the cover. Tighten cover screws only until snug. Do not
overtighten the photometer cover screws! Doing so will bend the photometer
cover and create light leakage.
13. Install the photometer subassembly to the chassis by replacing the (2) #6 screws through
the chassis base. Line up photometer with locating marks made in step 2. Connect the (2)
cables removed in step 1.
14. Attach the power cord and connect the instrument to the mains supply. Set the power
switch to ON (1). Select test #186. The instrument prints the detected voltage for each
filter. All voltages should now be between 2 and 10 volts. If not, refer to the section
Troubleshooting.

Rev A 21
a. Remove screws holding b. Remove screws holding

photometer cover. photometer PCB.
Shaft Filter wheel
Belt
Pulley
c. Remove filter wheel belt

and filter wheel.
d. Remove filter with
blunt object.
One or two nylon

washers as disassembled.
One nylon
e. Install neutral density filters, dot washer
screens, and interference filters.
f. Assemble washers and filter wheel to
filter wheel shaft.
Figure 12. Filter Replacement

22 Rev A
Filter Label
The filter label located on the photometer cover describes the specific filter wheel configuration for your
particular instrument. Refer to Figure 14.
Filter wheel position (POS) is the physical placement of the filter on the wheel. The filter wheel position
numbers are shown in Figure 13. Note the position of the Index hole and the Home hole.
Each filter position can have several filter elements installed. Configuration (WAVELENGTH column)
describes the various screens and filters in that position . Each element is separated by a slash (/). The
first 3 digit value in this column is always the wavelength of the interference filter, in nanometers. The
other values indicate either dot screens, neutral density filters, or transmittance filters. A "D" suffix
indicates a dot screen and the first two digits are the percent blockage. A 2 digit value followed by a
percent sign signifies a dot screen. A 3 digit value (other than the first value in the line) indicates one or
more transmittance filters. The first digit is the quantity; the last two digits are the percent transmittance.
A 2 digit value separated by a decimal point indicates a neutral density filter. The value is the absolute
absorbance of the filter. "BLOCKED" indicates an opaque disk is installed in that position.
LOT# is the interference filter manufacturers' production code lot number or date. The percent trans-
mittance for the lot is included in this column.
The production date (DATE) is the date the filter wheel was assembled.
4 Position
4 Rotation
1
3 2
Home
hole
Index
hole
Figure 13. Filter Wheel Positions

Rev A 23
Filter wheel Filter date or lot

position number
Configuration Production
date
POS WAVELENGTH LOT# DATE

1 405/115/90D 4HDL 83% 5/23/94
2 450/90D/115/170 4GDB 80.6% 5/23/94
3 492/90D/115/170 3ZCJ 65% 5/23/94
4 630/215 3WEF 74.4% 5/23/94
Figure 14. Filter Label

24 Rev A
Printer Jams
CAUTION
Do not apply force to the print head.
Do not scratch the platen or pry with sharp objects.
If the instrument displays PRINTER JAMMED, or if the print head does not return to the home
position, check for obstructions in the print head path.. Refer to Figure 15. Carefully remove any
paper or debris with a pair of tweezers. Turn off the power switch, wait 5 seconds, then turn on
the power switch. The print head should move to the right side and then return to home position at
the left.
An alternate method of removing a particularly stubborn wad of paper is to move the print head
manually. To do this, open the instrument. Remove the two nuts holding the printer bracket to the
cover. View the front of the printer mechanism. Locate the small gear on the right side which turns
the grooved steel print head shaft. Turn the gear so that the print head moves away from paper wad
and the paper can be easily removed.

Rev A 25
Home
position
Print head is jammed

against wad of paper
Print head shaft Right front gear

moves print head
Print head
Figure 15. Clearing printer jams

26 Rev A
Calibration
Each instrument is calibrated during manufacturing using standards that are traceable to the National
Institute for Standards and Testing (NIST), and is tested to verify its linearity to 2A. This preset
calibration is very stable, and the instrument should never require recalibration during normal service
life.
Absolute calibration can be verified with the use of NIST filters, or by comparison to a reference
instrument that is known to be calibrated to NIST filters.
Since most lab test results are based upon standards rather than upon absolute absorbances, the
linearity of the instrument, rather than the accuracy, is the more critical indicator of instrument
performance. A periodic verification of instrument accuracy and linearity is advised. Calibration
may be confirmed using a commercially available photometer calibration check set which can be
obtained from your distributor.
CAUTION
RECALIBRATION OF THE INSTRUMENT SHOULD

NOT BE REQUIRED UNDER NORMAL
CIRCUMSTANCES, AND SHOULD NOT BE
CONSIDERED UNTIL ALL POSSIBLE
INTERFERING FACTORS HAVE BEEN RULED
OUT, INCLUDING CHEMISTRY ERROR,
OPERATOR ERROR, LAMP FAILURE, AND
DEGRADED FILTERS.
Standards and blanks should be closely checked for accuracy

and results should be compared with a reference instrument.
Use of a commercially available photometer check set to
verify photometric accuracy and linearity is strongly
recommended.
Restoring the factory calibration data should always be

attempted before resorting to recalibration.

Rev A 27
Software Calibration
The instrument relies on software calibration, that is, on calibration data stored in nonvolatile RAM.
The calibration data is used by the instrument to compensate for variations in electronic
components. During factory calibration, any necessary hardware adjustments are made using
precision reference standards and specialized electronic equipment. The calibration data are stored
in the instrument memory and also recorded on a label located on the bottom of the instrument.
This requires no hardware adjustments.
The absorbance calibration data is stored as a scaling factor, which is the ratio of a known
reference absorbance to the instrument's reported absorbance. The value entered at the keypad is
multiplied by the stored value to obtain a new scaling factor. The calibration data may be printed at
any time by selecting test #213. This prints the serial number of the instrument, the date of last
calibration,and the stored absorbance scaling factor.
Calibration data are stored with a checksum that is recalculated and compared each time the
instrument is powered on, a new software mode is selected, or a stored test is recalled. Under
certain circumstances, large AC mains transients or other environmental disturbances may cause the
microprocessor tocrash and possibly render the calibration data invalid. Failure to recover the
calibration data properly (checksum failure) will be indicated on the display and the internal printer
as follows:
DO ABS SET TEST 212!
If this message is printed or displayed, it indicates that the calibration values have been lost. This
message will be printed each time the checksum failure occurs. The instrument also annunciates this
condition with multiple beeps. In this condition, the absorbance scaling factor is set to 1.000. The
maximum absorbance error is then +/-10%, provided the trimpots have not been disturbed.
The calibration data can be restored from the calibration label as described in the section Restore
Calibration Data.
If you believe your instrument requires recalibration, contact your distributor for assistance.
If the trimpots have been disturbed or components C16, R12, R16, R11, R13, RN8, R24, U16, or
the photodiode have been replaced, the instrument will probably require recalibration. Contact your
distributor for assistance.

28 Rev A
Restore Calibration Data

This procedure restores the calibration data to the original factory settings recorded on the
calibration data label.
Procedure:
1. Select test #213 to print the calibration data. The instrument prints something similar to
this (the actual value may differ):
ABS FACTOR 1.126
2. Select test #212. The display shows:
ABS FACTOR=
If the value printed in step 1 is not exactly 1.000, enter the inverse of the value printed in
step 1. That is, calculate
1
ABS FACTOR
and enter that value.
3. Locate the calibration data label on the underside of the instrument. Copy the data from
the label for reference in the following steps.
4. If the date and time are incorrect, set the date and time as described in the Owner's
Manual.
5. Select test #212. The display shows:
ABS FACTOR=
Enter the number from the Abs Factor line of the calibration label.
6. Select test #213 to print the calibration data. The printed data should now match the
values shown on the calibration data label. If it does not, repeat this procedure.

Rev A 29
Replacement Parts
NV RAM ................................................ 18340/15
Internal cable ........................................... 18010
Cooling fan .............................................. 18011
Display w/cable ....................................... 18020
Dust cover ............................................... 18013
Replacement filter 405 nm ........................ 18330/05
Fuse ........................................................ 18014
Keypad w/overlay ................................... 18021
Lamp ...................................................... 18012
Main PCB ............................................... 18022
Paper roll cover ....................................... 18016
Photometer/Strip mechanism .................... 18030
Printer Interface PCB .............................. 18350/15
Printer mechanism .................................... 18360/15
Printer paper (5 rolls) ............................... 18144/5
Serial printer cable ................................... 18015
Software EPROM (English) ..................... 18023
Strip mechanism drive belt ....................... 18031
Owners Manual ...................................... 18040
Service Manual ........................................ 18041
Spare part starter kit ................................ 18000/1

Includes:
Printer Interface PCB
Printer mechanism
Main PCB
Keypad w/overlay
Display w/cable
Owners Manual
Service Manual
Maintenance kit ....................................... 18000/2

Includes:
Lamp
Fuse
Printer paper (5 rolls)
Strip mechanism drive belt

30
DETACHABLE LINE CORD
LINE CORD SVT TYPE RECEPTACLE
.
LC1 LCR1
BN FB-1
L
GRN/YEL
E
BU FB-3
N
GRN/YEL
DRIVE MOTOR LAMP
Diagrams
SOLDER LUG
#6 SOLDER LUG +5V +6V PHOTO
AMPLIFIER
Block Diagram
FAN
12 V +15 V LE
2 FILTER WHEEL
-15 V PC
2 BRN MOTOR +5V
BLU 4 +5 V
2 2
TRANSFORMER
SWITCHED MAINS GT9725 or

300-06C
TO HEAT BLOCK PRIMARY WINDINGS SECONDARY WINDINGS PHOTOMETER
T1
TF1,TF2 THERMAL
ANTI-ROTATION STRIP MECHA
FUSE 218 F
FUSE BLOCK
FUSE BLK
DPST SWITCH
115VAC @ 0.6 A VOLTAGE SELECT SWITCH TF1 No.1
260011E
10
SW1 SW2 14
No.1
FB BRN 12 11
FB-1
BRN
FB-2 BLK/WHT
FU GRN
No.2 10H 14H
6
1
GRN/YEL
FB-3 TF2
FB-4 ANALOG TO
FU BRN GRN
5 DIGITAL CONVERTER
BLU 2
25 24 2 +/-15 V
No.2 BLU 2H
3 4
BLU
TYPE 2 LIMITED
No.3 TB2

115 VAC OPERATION SHOWN POWER SUPPLY
BRN/WHT 18 VAC
FOR 115/230 VAC MAINS OPERATION GRN 5 TO +15 VDC.
CAUTION- DO NOT CHANGE SETTING
WITH POWER APPLIED. FOLLOW THESE STEPS: GRN/YEL 4
UNPLUG UNIT FROM MAINS POWER; CHANGE FUSE; 18 VAC
SET SWITCH; REPLUG UNIT INTO MAINS POWER. GRN 3 TO -15 VDC.
TYPE 2 LIMITED
BLU 2
MAIN PC
SECONDARIES
TRANSFORMER: ELECTROSTATIC SHIELD 11 VAC
GROUNDED TO FRAME AND CHASSIS BLU 1 TO +12 VDC, +6VDC
PART GT9725 ONLY. NO SHIELD ON
AND +5 VDC.
PART 300-06C (SPLIT BOBBIN TYPE). S
+/
14H 14H 8H
8
14
14
PRINTER
LED DISPLAY
14H INTFC PCB 4x4 KEYPAD
+5 V
& MECH
Rev A
Rev A 31
PCB Layout
Main PCB

32 Rev A

Rev A 33
Schematics
Main PCB

34 Rev A

Rev A 35

36 Rev A

Rev A 37

Human
Gesellschaft für Biochemica
und Diagnostica mbH
Max-Planck-Ring 21 ! D-65205 Wiesbaden
Germany
Telefon: +49 6122 9988 0
Telefax: +49 6122 9988 100
eMail: [email protected]
Internet: http://www.human.de
01/2004-04

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Service Manual

Best.-Nr. / Cat.-No.: 18041

The Humareader Single is a microprocessor-controlled bichromatic photometer system for reading

Humareader Single Service Manual

All AC mains components are mounted on the chassis.

Disconnect AC power cable before servicing.

Humareader Single Service Manual

Printer Paper Slot

Figure 1. Instrument Exterior

Serial port AC power Power

Figure 2. Rear Panel

Humareader Single Service Manual

Voltage select switch

Cover Front of instrument

Humareader Single Service Manual

Display, Keypad, and Printer

Humareader Single Service Manual

10:13 8254 Timer/Counter U4

Humareader Single Service Manual

Check paper path

YES YES YES

Select Test #186. NO YES NO NO

YES YES NO YES YES

Humareader Single Service Manual

Figure 5. Troubleshooting Flowchart

Verify instrument YES

Humareader Single Service Manual

Humareader Single Service Manual

ONE REV OF FILTER WHEEL 250 ms DURING READINGS

Figure 6. Oscilloscope Waveforms

Humareader Single Service Manual

Cap nut optical

Figure 7. Strip drive mechanism (bottom)

Humareader Single Service Manual

The following error messages indicate possible interface or component problems.

FILTERS RESET Programmed filter wavelengths were found to be corrupted and

Humareader Single Service Manual

Remove the cover and set it aside.

Hazardous line voltages are present on the rear panel. Always

Humareader Single Service Manual

To printer Red stripe

Remove and install DIP plugs Remove and install keypad

Figure 8. Cover Connections

Humareader Single Service Manual

5. Replace the EPROM hatch.

Humareader Single Service Manual

Figure 9. EPROM Replacement

Humareader Single Service Manual

Materials and equipment:

Lamp is HOT. Allow the lamp to cool before handling.

Humareader Single Service Manual

Lamp must be perpendicular to strip

Figure 10. Lamp Replacement

Spot Projected spot must be bright, well-

Figure 11. Spot Alignment

Humareader Single Service Manual

Materials and equipment:

Humareader Single Service Manual

a. Remove screws holding b. Remove screws holding