Environmental Indices

(Manajemen TL)

What? Environmental Indices

Why? Environmental Indices
Benefit?
 Role of Index (Water Quality)
• WQI numerically summarizes the information
from multiple water quality parameters into a
single value
• The single value can be used to compare data
from several sites
• It can be used to look at trends over time on a
single site
 Quadrant Analysis
15

Quad 2 Quad 3
10
N Concentration

5
(Normalized)

0 PRIORITY?
Nitrate-N

-5

-10 Quad 1 Quad 4

-15 Flow (Normalized)

 Impact Population Size
Sub
Catchment-1
(SC-1)
WQ?
WWTP
SC-2
River

SC-3

SC-3 NEW
 Impact Population Size
5

4.5 DO
DO Concentration (mg/L)

3.5

2.5

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Population size (x1000)
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
When a lake or stream does not meet WQ
Standard, a study must be completed to
determine the amount of a pollutant that can
be put in a waterbody from point sources and
nonpoint sources and still meet WQS.
A TMDL is used as a short hand acronym to
describe the process used to determine how
much pollutant load a lake or stream can
assimilate
 TMDL (continued)
A TMDL is a written, quantitative assessment of
WQ problems and contributing pollutant
sources.
It specifies the amount of pollutant reduction
necessary to meet WQ Standards, allocates
the necessary pollutant limits among the
various sources in the watershed and
It provides a basis for taking actions needed to
restore waterbody.
 Parts of the Water Quality Index
• Q-Value - indication of water quality relative
to 100 of one parameter
• Weighting Factor - sets the relative
importance of the parameter to overall water
quality
 Q Value

• The Q-Value is an
indication of how
good (or bad) the
water quality is Q = 50

relative to one Q = 25 Medium

Q = 75
parameter.
• 100 = Very Good Very Very
Good
• 1 = Very Bad Q = 0 Bad Q = 100
 pH Q-Graph and Q-Table
pH Q-Value pH Q-Values

• 6.6 81 100

• 6.8 88 90

• 7.0 94 80

• 7.2 98 70

60
• 7.4 100
Q-Value 50
• 7.6 98
40
• 7.8 94 30
• 8.0 88 20

• 8.2 80 10

• 8.4 72 0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
pH
 E.coli Q-Graph & Q-Table
E. coli Q-Value E. coli Q-Values

• 0 100 100
• 1 99 90
• 2 94 80
• 5 89 70
• 10 84 60
• 20 80 Q-Value
50
• 50 74 40
• 100 69 30
• 200 65 20
• 500 27 10
• 1000 30 0
1 10 100 1000 10000
E. coli (CFU/100 mL)
 DO 0.17
Weighting Factors
pH 0.11
E. coli 0.16
Temp 0.10
Turbidity DO
Turbidity 0.08
NO3

E. coli
T Phos 0.10
T Phos
NO3 0.10
Temp pH BOD 0.11
BOD
Total Solid 0.07
Total 1.00
 WQI Interpretation
Water Quality Water Quality
Index Range Rating

90-100 Excellent
70-89 Good
50-69 Medium
25-49 Bad
0-24 Very Bad
 Example WQI Calculation
Parameter Units Result Q-Value Weight Parameter
Factor Index
DO % Sat % 95 98 0.17 0.17 17.67
pH pH units 8 88 0.11 0.11 10.55
E. Coli CFU/100 1750 23 0.16 0.16 3.94
mL
Temp deg C 0 100 0.11 0.10 11.00
Turbidity NTU 10 79 0.09 0.8 7.07
T Phos mg/L P 0.2 50 0.1 0.10 5.50
NO3 mg/L N 0.4 91 0.1 0.10 9.12
BOD mg/L 6 36 0.11 0.11 4.34
Total Solid 0.7
Total 1.00 69.2 (?)
WQI = 69.2
Quality Rating = MEDIUM
 Example WQI Calculation
Parameter Units Result Q-Value Weight Parameter
Factor Index
DO % Sat % 95 98 0.17 0.17 17.67
pH pH units 8 88 0.11 0.11 10.55
E. Coli CFU/100 1750 23 0.16 0.16 3.94
mL
Temp deg C 0 100 0.11 0.10 11.00
Turbidity NTU 10 79 0.09 0.8 7.07
T Phos mg/L P
NO3 mg/L N
BOD mg/L
Total Solid
Total
WQI =
Quality Rating =
 Adjusting for Missing Data
• When a parameter is missing, the sum of the
weighting factors that have data can be used
to adjust the WQI
• Sum of the Parametric Index Values is divided
by the sum of the weighting factors that have
data.
 Calculation with Missing Parameter
Parameter Units Result Q-Value Weight Parameter
Factor Index

DO % Sat % 95 98 17.67
pH pH units 8 88 10.55
E. coli CFU/100 mL 1750 23 3.94
Temp ∆ deg C 0 100 11.00
Turbidity NTU 10 79 7.07
T Phos mg/L P NM Missing data

NO3 mg/L N 0.4 91 9.12

BOD mg/L 6 36 4.34
Total 0.89 63.7
WQI = 71.6
Quality Rating = GOOD
Question?
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

Structure of Environmental Indices

C O N T E N T S

Two general forms: increasing & decreasing index

Mathematical structure
A Two-step Calculation
Sub-Index calculation
Agregation
Environmental
Indices
(Manajemen TL)
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

Sub-
Sub-Index
C O N T E N T S

- Linear Function:
Increasing & Decreasing, Segmented
- Non-linear Function:
Implicit & Explicit, Exponential, Segmented
- Step-by-step Function
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

1. Penjumlahan tanpa
pembobotan
C O N T E N T S

2. Penjumlahan dengan
pembobotan
3. Root-Sum-Power
4. Root-Mean-Square
5. Operator Maksimum
6. Perkalian dengan
Pembobotan
7. Operator Minimum
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan

C O N T E N T S

2. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan

3. Root-Sum-Power
4. Root-Mean-Square
5. Operator Maksimum
6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan
dimana atau dimana
7. Operator Minimum
 Function Curves
Linear (Increasing) Linear (Decreasing)
C O N T E N T S

Segment- Non-linear
ed Linear (Implicit)

Non-linear Non-linear
(Explicit) (Exponential)

Non-linear (Segmented) Step-by-step Function

 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan

C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan

C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

1. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan

C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

3. Root-Sum-Power
C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

4. Root-Mean-Square
C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

5. Operator Maksimum
C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan

C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

7. Operator Minimum
C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Indices
(Manajemen TL)

1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan

C O N T E N T S

2. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan

3. Root-Sum-Power
4. Root-Mean-Square
5. Operator Maksimum
6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan
dimana atau dimana
7. Operator Minimum
 Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)
(Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU)

The use of Environmental Index

in Air Pollution
C O N T E N T S
 Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)
(Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU)

Number and Category of ISPU

C O N T E N T S
Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)
(Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU)
C O N T E N T S

Number and
Category
of ISPU
 Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)
C O N T E N T S (Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU)

Functional Curve
 Environmental Index
The use of Environmental Index
in Water Pollution
C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Index
The use of Environmental Index
in Water Pollution
C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Index
The use of Environmental Index
in Water Pollution
C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Index
The use of Environmental
Index in Water Pollution
C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Index
The use of Environmental
Index in Water Pollution
C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Index
The use of Environmental
Index in Water Pollution
C O N T E N T S
 Environmental Index
The use of Environmental
Index in Water Pollution
C O N T E N T S

Parameter Konsentrasi Baku mutu Ci/Lix (Ci/Lix)baru

(Ci) (Lix)
TSS 100 50
DO 2 6
pH 8 6-9
Fecal coli 2000 1000
BOD 8 2
Se 0,07 0,01